Interface compatible with various electronic modules, mainboard with interface, adapter plate, electronic module and electronic building block

Abstract

The invention discloses an interface compatible with various electronic modules, and a mainboard, an adapter plate, electronic modules and electronic building blocks with the interface, a single connector compatible with various electronic module interfaces is provided with at least one pin group, and electronic modules or steering engines with various pin numbers can be inserted into the pin group; the mainboard comprises at least one connector, the connector is provided with at least one pin group, and electronic modules or steering engines with various pin numbers can be inserted into the pin group; the adapter plate comprises at least two connectors which are respectively used for connecting a circuit board provided with a microprocessor and an electronic module; the electronic module comprises at least one connector, and the connector is provided with a pin group; according to the electronic building block, the mainboard and the electronic module are installed on the shell. Electronic modules or steering engines with different pin numbers can be inserted into the pin group, and at least one electronic module or steering engine can be inserted into one connector, so that a large amount of time is saved, and the connection reliability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to the field of electronic module interfaces, in particular to a mainboard, a transfer board, an electronic module and an electronic building block which are compatible with multiple electronic module interfaces and have the interface. Background Art

[0005] There are three main forms of motherboards currently used for electronic circuit learning. The first is the core board, which is smaller in size and is a minimum system motherboard with a microprocessor or microprocessor module, or expands basic functions, such as expanding serial port circuits, programming circuits, and power circuits. It can be connected to the electronic module through leads. The core board connector is mainly a pin header. The pin definition of the pin header is arranged according to the pin of the microprocessor chip or microprocessor module. Because there are more than hundreds of microprocessors or microprocessor modules, there is no regularity in the pin arrangement. The pin definitions of the pin headers led out by many core boards are different from each other. Therefore, it is necessary to query the pin definition and connect multiple wires when using them; the second is to insert the above-mentioned core board, etc. into a breadboard, an interface expansion board or a baseboard. After the core board is inserted into the breadboard, it is connected via a DuPont line. To the electronic module, each module must be connected to several DuPont wires, and the modules must be reconnected with DuPont wires for each test. When there are many electronic modules, even dozens of wires are needed; the third type is a motherboard with partial expansion functions or more expansion functions, which is generally used as a development board. The motherboard integrates multiple functions. In addition to serial port circuits, programming circuits, and power supply circuits, it also has a display port to connect display modules, or has real-time clocks, motor drives and other functions, and can be directly inserted into the connectors of corresponding functions or connected through wires to peripherals or electronic modules. This type of motherboard has 1 or more IO lead-out sockets, which lead out the IO of the microprocessor or microprocessor module. Through these IO sockets, expansion boards can also be used for further functional expansion. This type of motherboard has more functions and is larger in size.

[0006] Patent application number: 201720587016.6, "An Arduino development board with a unified interface", the application has 6 4-pin fool-proof interfaces, provides 6 peripheral interfaces, can connect electronic modules, corresponding to analog input, digital output, analog output, digital input, I2C, PWM six functional interfaces, the same type of electronic modules with the same pin definition can be connected to the interface of the corresponding function; the disadvantage is that each interface can only connect to the electronic module of the corresponding function, and cannot connect to electronic modules with more than 4 pins.

[0007] Patent application number: 201621051206.8, "An educational Arduino development board based on Atmega32u4", the development board in this application provides 15 4-pin interfaces for connecting seven types of electronic modules: analog input, analog output, digital input, digital output, I2C, UART, and PWM; its disadvantage is that each interface can only connect to electronic modules with corresponding functions, and cannot connect to electronic modules with more than 4 pins; the development board also has an 8-pin interface for connecting analog input electronic modules; its disadvantage is that it can only be used through wires or expansion boards, and can only connect to electronic modules of analog input type; the development board also has a 5-pin interface for connecting SPI interface electronic modules. In fact, SPI has multiple interfaces. The three-wire SPI interface requires MOSI data, CLK clock, and CS chip select. If it is a four-wire SPI, it also has a MISO data line. Through this application Figure 4 As can be seen, the disadvantage is that except for the G ground line and the V power supply, this interface can only use three-wire SPI, not four-wire SPI, and cannot support SPI modules with more pins connected.

[0008] Patent application number: 202122301504.5, "A Raspberry Pi expansion board for artificial intelligence education" uses a 3-pin connector, a 4-pin connector, and a 7-pin SPI interface, which can connect electronic modules with corresponding numbers of pins. The 3-pin connector is GND, VCC-5V, X from the power end, X is a general GPIO or PWM port; the 4-pin connector is VCC-5V, GND, TXD, RXD or VCC-5V, GND, SDA, SCL from the power end. The problem is that the 3-pin connector can only connect to 3-pin electronic modules, and the 4-pin connector can only connect to 4-pin electronic modules. Because the power supply and ground are in different positions, there is a situation where the pin power supply is incompatible. Therefore, the electronic module with a 3-pin connector cannot be inserted into the 4-pin connector, and it does not support electronic modules with more pins.

[0009] At present, functional electronic modules, such as temperature detection modules, human body sensing modules and other modules, different manufacturers use different pin spacing, such as 2.54, 1.5, 1.25, etc. The pin function definitions of the modules are very numerous and irregular. The pin arrangement of each type of module is diverse. Even if it is the same company, its pin definition is irregular, resulting in the interface of the electronic module cannot be unified. Figure 1 The pin functions of the same type of wireless human body sensing module from the same company show that the pin spacing is different, the power supply arrangement is different, and the pin positions of the output signal O port, that is, the OUT output port, after sensing the presence of the human body are different. It can be seen that the different spacing, power supply position, and functional position of the electronic module will cause great trouble to use.

[0010] From the above, it can be seen that the connection between the electronic module and the main board or adapter board requires the use of an interface of the same type as the electronic module. The electronic module can only be inserted into a connector with the corresponding function, and electronic modules with different numbers of pins cannot be connected on the same connector. Connecting electronic modules requires more wires. There are many types of electronic modules and the interfaces are not unified, which brings great inconvenience to users. There is even a situation where the development board cannot be used after purchase.

[0011] How to use fewer connector interfaces to connect multiple electronic modules without wires, to insert electronic modules with different numbers of pins on a single connector, and to connect more than one electronic module on one connector has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0013] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an interface compatible with multiple electronic modules, a main board, an adapter board, an electronic module and an electronic building block having the interface, an interface that can connect electronic modules with multiple pin numbers on a single connector without wires, and an interface compatible with multiple electronic modules that can connect at least one electronic module on a single connector to solve the problems existing in the above background technology.

[0014] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: an interface compatible with multiple electronic modules.

[0015] For the convenience of description, the following are explained: GND is ground, VCC is power supply, PWM is pulse width modulation, ADC is analog-to-digital conversion, which can convert the analog quantity connected to the pin into a digital quantity. The pin is directly connected to the microprocessor, or connected to an external AD converter, and the external AD converter is connected to the microprocessor; SCL is the clock of I2C, and SDA is the data of I2C; SCLK is the clock of SPI, MOSI is master-output and slave-in, which is the data output by the microprocessor, MISO is master-in and slave-output, which is the data input to the microprocessor, CS is chip select, which is used to enable the corresponding chip, CD is command and data, which is used to indicate that the data line is transmitting commands or data, RES is reset, which is used to reset the microprocessor or external electronic module, and the above abbreviations are also used for network labels, including but not limited to the above network labels, and the same network label pins are electrically connected.

[0016] I2C is a serial interface with a general rate of 100K or 400K, including SCL and SDA. When I2C is connected to multiple electronic modules, SCL and SDA can be reused. SPI is a serial interface with a higher transmission speed of up to 40M. When SPI is connected to multiple electronic modules, SCLK, MOSI, and MISO can be reused. Electronic modules need to use different CS pins. When these CS pins are 0, the corresponding SPI electronic modules are enabled.

[0017] The above abbreviations are the pin functions of the microprocessor. Nowadays, most of the pins of microprocessors are multiplexed pins, which have multiple functions in addition to specific functions. The above PWM, ADC, I2C, and SPI pins can be used for input and output functions. Some microprocessors have hardware PWM, I2C, and SPI. If there is no hardware corresponding function, the microprocessor IO input and output pins can be used to simulate PWM or I2C or SPI. When the number of pins is insufficient, an external chip can be used to expand ADC or PWM or I2C or SPI, and the external expansion chip is connected to the microprocessor.

[0018] A compatible interface for multiple electronic modules, the interface comprising at least one connector, the one connector comprising at least one pin group, the pin group being any one of the first to fifth pin groups, when two or more pin groups are used on one connector, the pin groups may be the same or different, the pin groups being used to insert electronic modules or servos with different numbers of pins; the pin groups on the connector are arranged in sequence or in reverse order; the pin groups may be at one end of the connector or in the middle of the connector.

[0019] The first pin group, the pin group arrangement order is GND, VCC, PWM, compatible with the servo interface.

[0020] The second pin group includes the first pin group, and the pin group is arranged in the order of GND, VCC, PWM, and ADC1.

[0021] The third pin group includes the second pin group. The arrangement order of the pin group is GND, VCC, PWM, ADC1, ADC2. This pin group is mainly used for electronic modules that require 2-channel ADCs, such as joysticks.

[0022] The fourth pin group includes the first pin group, and the arrangement order of the pin group is GND, VCC, PWM, SDA, SCL or GND, VCC, PWM, SCL, SDA. The pin group can be used to connect an I2C electronic module.

[0023] The fifth pin group includes the third or fourth pin group, and the last three pins of this pin group are MISO, SCLK, MOSI or MISO, MOSI, CLK or SCLK, MISO, MOSI or SCLK, MOSI, MISO or MOSI, SCLK, MISO or MOSI, MISO, SCLK. This pin group can be used to connect an SPI electronic module.

[0024] GND is the first pin of the pin group and is identified by a color block and the GND character. When the GND of the pin group is not the first or last pin of the connector, an arrow is added to indicate the insertion direction of the module or a rectangular box or line is used to indicate a pin group.

[0025] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is to further propose a mainboard, including at least one connector, at least one microprocessor or microprocessor module and a printed circuit board; the connector includes at least one pin group described in any one of the first to fifth pin groups or any combination of the above pin groups; the connector includes but is not limited to a pin header or a female header, or a pin header and a female header, or an XH-type connector, the connector is a straight-pin connector or a bent-pin connector, the connector is a plug-in or a patch connector, the connector can also be a pad, the number of connector pins is 4-100, and the connector is placed on the top layer or the bottom layer of the printed circuit board; the microprocessor is not limited, including but not limited to a single-chip microcomputer or an ARM or a DSP or an FPGA, the microprocessor module is a circuit board installed with but not limited to a single-chip microcomputer or an ARM or a DSP or an FPGA; the single-chip microcomputer includes but is not limited to a 51 single-chip microcomputer, an AVR single-chip microcomputer, a PIC single-chip microcomputer, and a 430 single-chip microcomputer; the ARM includes but is not limited to STM32F103, ESP8266, ESP32, RP2040; the top layer or the bottom layer, or the top layer and the bottom layer of the printed circuit board are installed with the above-mentioned at least one connector, and at least one microprocessor or a microprocessor module is installed.

[0026] In some embodiments, the connector is a pin row, and the pin row is a single row or a double row, the pin row spacing is 1.0-5.08mm, and the pin row spacing is preferably 2.54mm. When a single row of pins is used, the number of pins of a single pin row is 4-50, and when a double row of pins is used, the number of pins of a single double row of pins is 8-100. The number of single row of pins or double row of pins connectors is 1-50. When at least 2 connectors are used, the number of pins of the connectors is the same or different, and the pin row also includes 3 rows of pins and 4 rows of pins.

[0027] In some embodiments, the connector is a female row, which is a single-row female or a double-row female, with a female row spacing of 1.0-5.08 mm, and a female row spacing of preferably 2.54 mm. When a single-row female is used, the number of pins of a single female row is 4-50, and when a double-row female is used, the number of pins of a single double-row female is 8-100. The number of connectors of the single-row female or double-row female is 1-50, and the female row also includes a 3-row female and a 4-row female.

[0028] In some embodiments, the connector is the pin and female headers mentioned above, and also includes an XH type connector or a PH type connector, which is used to connect specific types of electronic modules or sensors, such as connecting a temperature sensor encapsulated in a metal tube.

[0029] The number of layers of the printed circuit board is 1-32, preferably 2 layers. The top layer or the bottom layer, or the top layer and the bottom layer of the printed circuit board are installed with the above-mentioned at least one connector and the above-mentioned at least one microprocessor or microprocessor module. There is no restriction on the installation positions of the connector and the microprocessor. Preferably, the connector is installed near the edge of the circuit board, and the microprocessor is in the center of the circuit board or near the center. There is no restriction on the shape of the circuit board.

[0030] Optionally, a power supply circuit is also included, and the power supply is a linear power supply or a DCDC power supply, a step-down power supply, a step-up power supply, or a step-up / step-down power supply.

[0031] Optionally, a USB to serial port circuit is also included for communicating with electronic devices.

[0032] Optionally, a USB to programming circuit is also included for programming electronic devices.

[0033] Optionally, a charging circuit is also included for charging a battery that powers the mainboard.

[0034] Optionally, some functional circuits are also included, including but not limited to buzzer circuits, indicator light circuits, temperature and humidity measurement circuits, and relay circuits.

[0035] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is to also propose an adapter board, including at least two connectors and a first printed circuit board; at least one connector includes a pin group according to any one of claims 2-6, and at least one connector is used to connect a second circuit board installed with a single-chip computer or ARM or DSP or FPGA.

[0036] The number of layers of the first printed circuit board is 1-32, preferably 2 layers. At least two connectors are installed on the top layer or the bottom layer of the printed circuit board, or connectors are installed on both the top layer and the bottom layer. At least one connector is installed on the top layer and at least one connector is installed on the bottom layer. There is no restriction on the shape of the printed circuit board.

[0037] The connector type requirements are the same as the mainboard connector.

[0038] The second circuit board includes but is not limited to ESP8266 module, ESP32 module, ARDUINO motherboard, MICRO:BIT motherboard, RASPBERRY motherboard.

[0039] Optionally, a power supply circuit is also included, and the power supply is a linear power supply or a DCDC power supply, a step-down power supply, a step-up power supply, or a step-up / step-down power supply.

[0040] Optionally, a USB to serial port circuit is also included for communicating with electronic devices.

[0041] Optionally, a USB to programming circuit is also included for programming electronic devices.

[0042] Optionally, a charging circuit is also included for charging a battery that powers the mainboard.

[0043] Optionally, some functional circuits are also included, including but not limited to buzzer circuits, indicator light circuits, temperature and humidity measurement circuits, and relay circuits.

[0044] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is to further propose an electronic module, including at least one connector, at least one electronic device and a printed circuit board, the pins of the connector include the pin group according to any one of claims 2-6, and the number of connector pins is 3-100.

[0045] The connector adopts an electronic module of the first pin group, and can be directly plugged into any pin group of the first to fifth pin groups on the main board or adapter board;

[0046] The connector adopts an electronic module with a second pin group, and can be directly plugged into any pin group of the second to third and fifth pin groups on a main board or an adapter board;

[0047] The connector adopts an electronic module with a third pin group, which can be directly plugged into the third pin group on the main board or adapter board or directly plugged into the fifth pin group including the third pin group;

[0048] The connector adopts an electronic module with a fourth pin group, which can be directly plugged into any of the third to fifth pin groups on the main board or adapter board;

[0049] The connector adopts the electronic module of the fifth pin group, which can be directly plugged into the fifth pin group on the main board or adapter board.

[0050] Except for the third pin group with 2 ADC pins, pin groups with fewer pins can be plugged into pin groups on a mainboard or adapter board with the same number of pins or a number of pins greater than the number of pins of the electronic module.

[0051] The connector type requirements are the same as the mainboard connector type requirements.

[0052] The electronic device is determined according to the type of electronic module, and the types of electronic modules include but are not limited to PWM dimming electronic module, analog brightness sensor electronic module, digital brightness sensor electronic module, temperature and humidity electronic module, ultrasonic electronic module, joystick electronic module, and display electronic module.

[0053] The number of layers of the printed circuit board is 1-32, preferably 2 layers. The top layer or the bottom layer, or the top layer and the bottom layer of the printed circuit board are installed with at least one of the above-mentioned connectors and at least one of the above-mentioned electronic devices. There is no restriction on the installation positions of the connectors and the electronic devices. Preferably, the connector is installed near the edge of the electronic module circuit board, and the electronic device is in the center of the electronic module circuit board or near the center or near the edge. There is no restriction on the shape of the circuit board.

[0054] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is to further provide an electronic building block, including the above-mentioned main board or the above-mentioned adapter board and at least one of the above-mentioned electronic modules, the main board or the adapter board is installed on the main control housing, and the electronic module is installed on the module housing.

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0056] (1) The pin group of the present invention supports connecting electronic modules with various numbers of pins. When there are multiple pin groups on a connector, multiple electronic modules can be connected to one connector without distinguishing the types of electronic modules. It is only necessary to align the first pin mark of the pin group and insert the electronic module. The electronic module can be quickly and accurately connected to the mainboard, and the electronic module can be replaced quickly and arbitrarily.

[0057] (2) All electronic modules support the first pin group, so those with fewer pin groups can be plugged into connectors with the same number of pin groups or the same pin groups. Electronic modules can be plugged into a variety of motherboards or adapter boards, making them easy to use and reducing waste due to pin incompatibility.

[0058] (3) No wiring is required, and the electronic module will not malfunction or burn out due to wiring errors or poor contact. Tests can be carried out quickly, which will save users a lot of time and allow them to spend time on programming rather than connections.

[0059] (4) The pin group of the present invention is compatible with the servo interface, and the servo can be quickly connected to the connector pin group, which will bring great convenience to the user in use.

[0060] (5) By inserting the main board or adapter board into the breadboard, the electronic module can be directly and quickly inserted into the corresponding position of the connector pin group of the main board or adapter board on the breadboard, so that when the breadboard is connected to the electronic module, it is no longer necessary to use wires to connect. It has strong expandability and can quickly connect or replace various types of electronic modules.

[0061] (6) By bringing out the pin group interface of the user's existing motherboard through the adapter board, various types of electronic modules can be quickly connected, reducing waste and lowering the difficulty of use, because it only needs to be plugged in without connecting wires. This will expand the user base and greatly enhance learning interest.

[0062] (7) By installing the mainboard and electronic modules on the housing, the modules are protected and the welding pins are prevented from causing harm to the human body, so that young learners can also safely, easily and quickly connect a variety of electronic modules, bringing convenience to children's programming learning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] Figure 1 Pin function diagram of wireless human body sensing module of the same type and different models from the same company Figure 2 It is a pin group diagram of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the STC8G1K17 single-chip microcomputer used for the mainboard of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of some pin groups of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a PCB when the mainboard of the present invention uses an STC8G1K17 single-chip microcomputer;

[0068] Figure 6 The mainboard of the present invention uses the STC8H8K64U single-chip microcomputer schematic diagram;

[0069] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a PCB when the mainboard of the present invention uses an STC8H8K64U single-chip microcomputer;

[0070] Figure 8 The mainboard of the present invention uses the STM32F103C8T6 ARM schematic diagram;

[0071] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of a PCB when the mainboard of the present invention uses STM32F103C8T6 ARM;

[0072] Fig.10 The mainboard of the present invention uses the ESP8266-12F module schematic diagram;

[0073] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of a PCB when the mainboard of the present invention uses an ESP8266-12F module;

[0074] Fig.12 The mainboard of the present invention uses the ATMEGA328PB single-chip microcomputer schematic diagram;

[0075] Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of a PCB when the mainboard of the present invention uses an ATMEGA328PB single-chip microcomputer;

[0076] Fig.14 The schematic diagram of the adapter board of the present invention transferring the ARDUINO UNO circuit board;

[0077] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of a PCB for transferring an adapter board of the present invention to an ARDUINO UNO circuit board;

[0078] Fig.16 The schematic diagram of the adapter board of the present invention transferring the MICRO:BIT circuit board;

[0079] Fig.17 A schematic diagram of a PCB for transferring a MICRO:BIT circuit board to an adapter board of the present invention;

[0080] Fig.18 A schematic diagram of another adapter board of the present invention for transferring a MICRO:BIT circuit board;

[0081] Fig.19 A schematic diagram of a PCB of another adapter board to transfer a MICRO:BIT circuit board of the present invention;

[0082] Fig. 20 The schematic diagram of the adapter board of the present invention transferring the RASPBERRY 4B circuit board;

[0083] Fig.21 A schematic diagram of a PCB of a RASPBERRY 4B circuit board connected to the adapter board of the present invention;

[0084] Fig. 22 The schematic diagram and PCB schematic diagram of the first pin group electronic module of the present invention;

[0085] Fig.23 The schematic diagram and PCB schematic diagram of the second pin group electronic module of the present invention;

[0086] Fig.24 The schematic diagram and PCB schematic diagram of the third pin group electronic module of the present invention;

[0087] Fig.25The schematic diagram and PCB schematic diagram of the fourth pin group electronic module of the present invention;

[0088] Fig.26 The schematic diagram and PCB schematic diagram of the fifth pin group electronic module of the present invention;

[0089] Fig. 27 It is a schematic diagram of the mainboard housing structure of the present invention;

[0090] Fig.28 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the display screen housing of the present invention;

[0091] Fig.29 It is a schematic diagram of the electronic module building block structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0093] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0094] Example 1: Reference Figure 2 , Figure 2 There are five pin groups, namely a first pin group 218 , a second pin group 211 , a third pin group 207 , a fourth pin group 208 , and a fifth pin group 204 .

[0095] The mainboard uses at least one pin group among the second to fifth pin groups, which is any pin group.

[0096] The electronic module uses any one of the first to fifth pin groups.

[0097] refer to Figure 3 The pin groups of connectors 201, 202, and 219 on the mainboard are all connected to the microprocessor 101. There is no restriction on the type of microprocessor. Here, the 8-pin microcontroller STC8G1K17 is used.

[0098] There is at least one connector on the mainboard, the connector is a female header with a pin pitch of 2.54 mm, and one connector has at least one pin group, which is any one of the second pin group to the fifth pin group or any combination thereof.

[0099] In addition to the power supply VCC and ground GND, STC8G1K17 provides 6 external ports. All or some of the 6 ports can be used as needed. To avoid redundancy, in the manual, the pins of electronic components, connectors, and electronic modules are marked with network labels, and those with the same network labels are electrically connected.

[0100] Electronic modules with fewer pins can be directly connected to the motherboard pin group whose pins are greater than or equal to the number of pins on the electronic module. The servo can be directly inserted into pins 1-3 of any pin group.

[0101] When only one connector is used, the connector is the second pin group 211, or the third pin group 207, or the fourth pin group 208, or the fifth pin group 204. These pin groups can be directly connected to the servo; the connector is a pin header or a female header, which is used to insert the electronic module with the corresponding pins. When it is a pin header, it can also be inserted into a breadboard. A straight-pin or bent-pin connector can be used. The plug-in is a patch or a plug-in. When the pin of the servo is a pin header, it can be directly inserted into the 1-3 pins of these pin groups. When the pin of the servo is a female header, an equal-length 3-pin single-row pin adapter is used. The female header of the servo is connected to one side of the equal-length single-row pin, and the other side of the single-row pin is directly inserted into the corresponding 1-3 pins of the above-mentioned pin group. The GND of the pin group is connected to the GND of the servo, the VCC of the pin group is connected to the VCC of the servo, and the PWM of the pin group is connected to the PWM of the servo.

[0102] The second pin group 211, the third pin group 207, the fourth pin group 208, and the fifth pin group 204 of the mainboard can be directly inserted into the electronic module with the first pin group. When connecting the electronic module with the first pin group, the first pin of the electronic module is aligned with the first pin of the pin group and inserted, and the GND of the electronic module is connected to the GND of the mainboard pin group, the VCC of the electronic module is connected to the VCC of the mainboard pin group, and the PWM of the electronic module is connected to the PWM of the mainboard pin group;

[0103] When the above-mentioned mainboard pin group is connected to the electronic module having the second pin group, after the first pin of the electronic module is aligned with the first pin of the mainboard pin group and inserted, the GND of the electronic module is connected to the GND of the mainboard pin group, the VCC of the electronic module is connected to the VCC of the mainboard pin group, the PWM of the electronic module is connected to the PWM of the mainboard pin group, and the ADC of the electronic module is connected to the ADC1 of the mainboard pin group;

[0104] Since the SDA and SCL pins of the STC8G1K17 microcontroller have ADC functions, the SDA and SCL of I2C can be simulated by the microcontroller, so the third pin group 207, the fourth pin group 208, and the fifth pin group 204 of the mainboard can be directly inserted into the electronic module with the first pin group, the second pin group, the third pin group, or the fourth pin group, and the first pin GND of the electronic module is correspondingly inserted into the first pin GND of the mainboard pin group, and the other pins are electrically connected one by one;

[0105] The SCL and SDA of the fourth pin group 208 of the mainboard are the hardware I2C interface of the single-chip microcomputer, and the I2C electronic module with the fourth pin group is preferably inserted into the interface.

[0106] The fifth pin group 204 of the mainboard can be directly inserted into an electronic module having any pin group from the first to the fifth pin group, and the first pin GND of the electronic module corresponds to the first pin GND of the inserted pin group, and the other pins are electrically connected one by one.

[0107] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 5 Middle connector 202, Figure 3 For the schematic diagram, Figure 5 This is the PCB schematic diagram. Figure 5 301-306 are 6 main boards.

[0108] Connector 202 has two pin groups, which can be the same or different. Here, pins 1-5 are the third pin group, and pins 6-10 are the fourth pin group. Connector 202 uses a single-row female with a 10-pin pitch of 2.54 mm and is installed on the top layer of the motherboard. The two pin groups of connector 202 are connected to microprocessor 101. The directions of GND and VCC of these two pin groups are the same. Because ADC1 and ADC2 can be simulated as I2C pins, the third pin group of connector 202 can be directly inserted into an electronic module or servo with any of the first to fourth pin groups; the I2C pin cannot be connected to an electronic module that requires 2 ADC pins, so the fourth pin group of connector 202 can be directly inserted into an electronic module or servo with any of the first, second or fourth pin groups.

[0109] The microprocessor 101 is connected to the power supply through pin 1 of the connector 201 connected to VCC and pin 2 connected to GND; the power supply voltage is the operating voltage of the microprocessor. When using STC8G1K17, the power supply voltage is 1.9V to 5.5V, preferably 3.3V. The single-chip microcomputer has built-in reset circuit and crystal oscillator circuit, and I2C is pulled up by the internal pull-up resistor of the microprocessor.

[0110] Other pin group combinations are described below, and the parts that are the same as above are not repeated here.

[0111] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 5 The motherboard 302 and connector 219 in the embodiment are different from the above in that connector 219 is of the same type as connector 202, has 12 pins, and the middle two are empty pins. This method allows for the insertion of wider electronic modules. Connector 219 is installed on the top layer of the motherboard.

[0112] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 5 The motherboard 303 in the embodiment, the connector 219 here has the same pin set as the above connector 219, and the connector adopts a bent-pin 12-pin single-row female connector, which is installed on the bottom layer of the motherboard 303. This method can significantly reduce the height of the motherboard 303.

[0113] refer to Figure 2 Middle connectors 207, 208 and Figure 5 In the motherboard 304, connectors 207 and 208 have the same pin group as the connector 219, except that connector 207 uses the third pin group and connector 208 uses the fourth pin group. The connectors are all bent-pin 5-pin single-row female and are installed on the top layer of the motherboard 304. This method can significantly reduce the height of the motherboard 303 and can be more flexible in connecting electronic modules.

[0114] refer to Figure 2 Middle connectors 207, 208 and Figure 5 The main board 305 in the embodiment is different from the above in that 208 is rotated 180 degrees, so that electronic modules of any width can be connected without interfering with each other.

[0115] refer to Figure 4 Connectors 214, 215 and Figure 5 In the motherboard 306, connectors 214 and 215 are double-row female connectors with a pin pitch of 2.54 and 10 pins arranged in 2*5. They are installed on the top layer of the motherboard, and the 101 microprocessor is installed on the bottom layer of the motherboard. Pins 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 of connector 214 are the fourth pin group, and the functions of the fifth pin group can be realized by cooperating with pins 6, 8, and 10 to simulate MISO, CLK, and MOSI of the SPI interface. Pins 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 of connector 215 are the third pin group, and pins 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 are the fourth pin group. The two connectors can realize the insertion of electronic modules or servos in any of the first to fifth pin groups. The double-row female connector supports the insertion and connection of electronic modules with single-row pins and double-row pins.

[0116] Figure 4 The figure shows the arrangement or combination of some pin groups. The pin groups are explained below.

[0117] Figure 4 When the motherboard uses one connector 203, pins 1-5 are the third pin group and pins 10-6 are the fourth pin group. Since the SPI pins can be simulated by the input and output pins of the microprocessor, connector 203 supports the insertion and connection of an electronic module or servo with any of the first to fifth pin groups.

[0118] Figure 4 When the main board uses one connector 204, MISO, SCLK, and MOSI are generated using the processor's PWM and SDA, SCL analogs. This method supports connecting one electronic module and supports electronic modules or servos with any of the first to fifth pin groups.

[0119] Figure 4When the main board uses two connectors 205 and 206, since SCL and SDA have ADC functions, it supports connecting 1 to 4 electronic modules or servos with any of the first to fourth pin groups.

[0120] Figure 4 When the mid-board uses two connectors 207 and 208, it supports connecting 1-2 electronic modules or servos having any one of the first to fourth pin groups.

[0121] Figure 4 When the main board uses two connectors 209 and 210, the number of pins of the connectors here is different. Connector 209 supports connecting an electronic module or a servo with any one of the first, second, and fourth pin groups, and connector 210 supports an electronic module or a servo with the first or second pin group.

[0122] Figure 4 When the mid-board uses three connectors 211, 212, 213, these three connectors all support electronic modules or servos of the first or second pin group.

[0123] Figure 4 The middle motherboard uses two double-row female connectors 216 and 217. The connectors are arranged in 4*2 and have 8 pins. 216 can be inserted into 1-2 electronic modules or servos with the first or second pin group, and 217 can be connected to an electronic module or servo with any of the first to fifth pin groups.

[0124] Since there are many ways to arrange the pin groups, in the case of an 8-pin microprocessor, there are many arrangements as described above, and the above pin group arrangements are only some examples.

[0125] Example 2: Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the difference from Example 1 is that the microprocessor has 20 pins. Since Example 1 uses an 8-pin microcontroller, there are many combinations of pin groups. To avoid redundancy, this embodiment only uses 2 single-row motherboards for description. The same contents as Example 1 are not repeated.

[0126] The pin groups of connectors 221 and 222 on the mainboard are all connected to the microprocessor 102. There is no restriction on the type of microprocessor. Here, a 20-pin microcontroller of STC8H8K64U is used, which provides 16 ports to the outside. All or part of the 16 ports can be used as needed.

[0127] Connector 221 is a single-row female connector with a pitch of 2.54 mm and 12 pins. Pins 1-5 of connector 221 are the third pin group, supporting electronic modules or servos with any of the first to fourth pin groups. Pins 8-12 of connector 221 are the fourth pin group, supporting electronic modules or servos with the first or fourth pin groups.

[0128] Connector 222 is a single-row female connector with a pitch of 2.54 mm and 10 pins. Pins 1-8 of connector 222 are the fifth pin group including the third pin group, supporting the connection of an electronic module or servo with any of the first to fifth pin groups. The microprocessor 102 is connected to the power supply through connector 223, with pin 1 connected to GND and pin 2 connected to VCC. The power supply voltage is the operating voltage of the microprocessor. When using STC8H8K64U, the power supply voltage is 1.9V to 5.5V, preferably 3.3V. The microcontroller has a built-in reset circuit and a crystal oscillator circuit.

[0129] Pin 3 of connector 223 is RXD, and pin 4 is TXD, which are used for programming or communication with the microprocessor.

[0130] Example 3: Reference Figure 8 and Fig. 9 , the difference from Example 1 is that the microprocessor 103 on the mainboard is ARM, model STM32F103C8T6, the number of ARM pins is 48 pins, the connector uses a pin row or a female row, and the description of the connector refers to Example 1; when Example 1 uses an 8-pin single-chip microcomputer, there are many combinations of pin groups. To avoid redundancy, this embodiment only uses 2 single-row female descriptions, and the same content as Example 1 is not repeated.

[0131] Connectors 231 and 232 are used on the mainboard, each connector has two pin groups, and the pin groups are connected to the microprocessor 103. There is no restriction on the type of microprocessor. This embodiment uses STM32F103C8T6, which provides 37 ports to the outside. All or part of the ports can be used as needed.

[0132] The mainboard uses two single-row female connectors 231 and 232. Pins 1-8 of connector 231 are the fifth pin group including the third pin group, which supports connecting to electronic modules or servos of any of the first to fifth pin groups; pins 1-8 of connector 232 are the fifth pin group including the fourth pin group, which supports connecting to electronic modules or servos of the first, fourth or fifth pin groups; pins 20-17 of connector 231 are the second pin group, which supports connecting to electronic modules or servos of the first or second pin group; pins 20-16 of connector 232 are the fourth pin group, which supports connecting to electronic modules or servos of the first or fourth pin group; the GND of connectors 231 and 232 are respectively at the start pin and end pin of the connector, and both can be used as the first pin of the pin group.

[0133] There are 16 consecutive microprocessor pins between the pins of connectors 231 and 232, and an electronic module with a larger number of pins can be inserted.

[0134] The microprocessor 103 is connected to a power supply through a power connector 237 . The power supply voltage is the operating voltage of the microprocessor. When STM32F103C8T6 is used, the power supply voltage is 2V to 3.6V, preferably 3.3V.

[0135] The SWD interface 235 is used for debugging or downloading programs, the power filter circuit 236 is connected to 3.3V through the connector 237 to power the microprocessor 103, the crystal oscillator circuit 233, the reset circuit 234, and the I2C pull-up circuit 238 are auxiliary circuits to enable the circuit to work normally.

[0136] Example 5: Reference Fig.10 and Fig.11 , and the difference from Example 1 is that the microprocessor module 104 is used on the mainboard, and there is no restriction on the model of the microprocessor module. This embodiment uses the ESP8266-12F module, which has 22 pins. The pin group connector uses a pin row or a female row. The description of the connector refers to Example 1. When Example 1 uses an 8-pin single-chip microcomputer, the pin group has many combinations. To avoid redundancy, this embodiment only uses 2 double-row females for description. The double-row female pin spacing is 2.54 mm, there are 8 pins, and it is arranged in 4*2, and can be inserted into a single-row pin electronic module or a double-row pin electronic module or a servo.

[0137] Connectors 241 and 242 are used on the mainboard, each connector has a pin group, and the pin groups are all connected to the microprocessor module 104. 104 provides 12 ports to the outside. All pin ports or part of the pins can be used as needed.

[0138] The main board uses two double-row female connectors 241 and 242. Connector 241 has a fifth pin group including a fourth pin group, supporting the insertion and connection of the first, second, fourth or fifth pin group electronic modules or servos; connector 242 has a fourth pin group, supporting the insertion and connection of the first or fourth pin group electronic modules or servos. RXD, TXD, EN, and SCL of connector 242 are also used for communication and programming of the microprocessor module.

[0139] The microprocessor module is connected to the power supply through the 244 power connector. The power supply voltage is the working voltage of the microprocessor module. When using ESP8266-12F, the power supply voltage is 2.7V to 3.6V, preferably 3.3V.

[0140] The reset circuit 243 is an auxiliary circuit. Pressing SW4 can manually reset the circuit to make it work normally.

[0141] Example 6: Reference Fig.12 and Fig.13, and the difference from Example 1 is that the microprocessor model on the motherboard is ATMEGA328PB, with 32 pins, and the connector adopts a pin header or a female header. The description of the connector refers to Example 1. When Example 1 adopts an 8-pin microcontroller, there are many combinations of pin groups. To avoid redundant description, this embodiment only uses 2 single-row pins for description. The pin spacing of the single-row pins is 2.54 mm, and the single-row pins are single-row pins for surface mount.

[0142] Connectors 251 and 252 are used on the mainboard to indirectly connect the electronic module. The connectors are installed on the bottom layer of the adapter board and are used to insert into the breadboard. The spacing between the two single-row pins is 2.54 mm*n, n=3~9. The pin group of each connector is connected to the microprocessor 105. There is no restriction on the type of microprocessor. This embodiment uses ATMEGA328PB, which is installed on the top layer of the circuit board. The microprocessor provides 27 ports to the outside. All ports or some ports can be used as needed.

[0143] Connector 251 has three pin groups, pins 1-5 are the second pin group, supporting direct insertion of electronic modules or servos of the first and second pin groups, pins 6-10 of connector 251 are the fourth pin group, supporting direct insertion of electronic modules or servos of the first or fourth pin group, pins 11-18 of connector 251 are the fifth pin group including the fourth pin group, supporting direct insertion of electronic modules or servos of the first or second pin group or the fourth pin group or the fifth pin group, and this port can also be used to program the microprocessor.

[0144] Connector 252 has two pin groups, pins 1-5, and pins 6-10 are the third pin group, which supports direct insertion of electronic modules or servos of the first, second or third pin groups; pins 11-14 of connector 252 are other pin groups, and pins 15-19 of connector 252 are communication ports, which can also be used to program the microprocessor.

[0145] Connector 253 is a communication and power port, used for communication and programming the microprocessor. The RXD, TXD, and / RST pins are multiplexed with the port with the same network number as connector 252. Diode D1 is used to isolate the serial port so that the serial ports of connectors 253 and 252 can be multiplexed. The GND and VCC of connector 253 are also used to access the power supply to power the mainboard.

[0146] The microprocessor 105 is connected to a power supply through the connector 253. The power supply voltage is the operating voltage of the microprocessor. When ATMEGA328PB is used, the power supply voltage is 1.8V to 5.5V, preferably 3.3V.

[0147] The indicator light 254, the reset circuit 255 and the crystal oscillator circuit 256 are auxiliary circuits to enable the circuit to work normally.

[0148] Example 7: Reference Fig.14 and Fig.15 This embodiment is an adapter board embodiment, which is used to convert the ARDUINO UNO circuit board to support the direct insertion of the first to fifth pin groups of electronic modules or servos. In Example 1, when an 8-pin microcontroller is used, there are many combinations of pin groups. To avoid redundancy, this embodiment only uses two single-row female pins for explanation. The female pin spacing is 2.54 mm. There is no limit on the distance between the two female pins, which is 0-100 mm, preferably 10 mm.

[0149] The pins of connector 263 are analog input pins AD0-AD5, which are connected to the corresponding AD0-AD5 pins of connectors 261 and 262; connector 264 is connected to the pins with the same network number corresponding to connectors 261 and 262, and the 8th pin of connector 264 is the reference voltage of the AD converter built into the microprocessor on the ARDUINO UNO circuit board, which is connected to VCC; connector 265 is connected to the pins with the same network number corresponding to connectors 261 and 262; for ease of use, connectors 263~266 are converted into multiple pin groups through connectors 261 and 262. ARDUINO UNO is an independently working circuit board, so the adapter board of the embodiment is only connected to 2 connectors and can work without other devices.

[0150] The adapter board circuit board has no restrictions on its appearance and can be of any shape. Connectors 263, 264, 265, and 266 are installed on the bottom layer of the adapter board circuit board. The installation positions of these connectors are the same as the corresponding female connector positions on the ARDUINO UNO circuit board. The pin headers on the bottom layer of the adapter board are directly inserted into the female headers on the ARDUINO UNO circuit board. Connectors 261 and 262 are installed on the top layer of the adapter board for inserting various electronic modules or servos.

[0151] The adapter board uses connectors 261 and 262 to connect the electronic module, which are single-row female connectors with a pitch of 2.54 mm. Each connector has at least one pin group. The pin groups of connectors 261 and 262 are all connected to pins with the same network number of connectors 263~266. There is no restriction on the type of circuit board connected to the adapter board. This embodiment uses an ARDUINO UNO circuit board.

[0152] Connector 261 has two pin groups, pins 1-5 are the second pin group, supporting the direct insertion of electronic modules or servos of the first, second, and fourth pin groups, pins 7-14 of connector 261 are the fifth pin group including the fourth pin group, supporting the direct insertion of electronic modules or servos of the first or second pin group or the fourth pin group or the fifth pin group, and this pin group can also be used to program the microprocessor, and pins 16-19 of connector 261 are serial ports for communication or programming.

[0153] Connector 262 has three pin groups, pins 1-5 are the third pin group, supporting direct insertion and connection of electronic modules or servos of the first, second, and third pin groups, and pins 7-11 and 13-17 of connector 262 are the fourth pin group, supporting direct insertion of electronic modules or servos of the first, second, or fourth pin groups.

[0154] Connector 266 is a power port, and GND and VCC are used to access the power supply to power the electronic modules or servos connected to connectors 261 and 262, and the power supply voltage is preferably 3.3V.

[0155] Example 8: Reference Fig.16 and Fig.17 This embodiment is an adapter board, which is used to convert various circuit boards to be inserted into a breadboard. Various electronic modules or servos can also be directly inserted into the corresponding holes of the breadboard without connecting wires. This embodiment has no restrictions on the circuit board. A MICRO:BIT circuit board is used here.

[0156] Connector 273 is installed on the top layer of the adapter board for inserting the MICRO:BIT circuit board; connectors 271 and 272 are installed on the bottom layer of the adapter board. Connectors 271 and 272 are directly inserted into the center of the breadboard. The distance between the two connectors is 2.54mm*n, n=3~9.

[0157] This embodiment uses the pin number of the MICRO:BIT circuit board as the network number, P0-P5, P10 are analog input pins, and all pins of the MICRO:BIT circuit board have PWM function.

[0158] The adapter board uses connectors 271 and 272 to be inserted into the breadboard and then connected to the electronic module. The electronic module is also inserted into the breadboard. The pin group of the electronic module corresponds to the pin group of connectors 271 and 272. The connector is a single-row pin, and each connector has at least one pin group. The pin groups of connectors 271 and 272 are all connected to the pins of the same network number of connector 273.

[0159] Connector 271 has three pin groups, pins 1-5 are the third pin group, supporting direct insertion of electronic modules or servos with the first, second, and third pin groups; pins 8-12 of connector 271 are the fourth pin group, supporting direct insertion of electronic modules or servos with the first, second, or fourth pin groups; pins 13-20 of connector 271 are the fifth pin group including the fourth pin group, supporting direct insertion of electronic modules or servos with the first, second, fourth, or fifth pin groups.

[0160] Connector 272 has three pin groups, pins 1-8 are the fifth pin group including the fourth pin group, supporting direct insertion of electronic modules or servos with the first, second, fourth or fifth pin groups; pins 10-14 of connector 272 are the fourth pin group, supporting direct insertion of electronic modules or servos with the first, second or fourth pin groups; pins 15-19 of connector 272 are the third pin group, supporting direct insertion of electronic modules or servos with the first, second or third pin groups.

[0161] Example 9: Reference Fig.18 and Fig.19 This embodiment is an adapter board, which is used to convert various circuit boards so that they can be directly inserted into various electronic modules or servos without connecting wires. This embodiment has no restrictions on circuit boards. MICRO:BIT circuit boards are used here, and there are no restrictions on the type and number of connectors.

[0162] Connector 108 is installed on the top layer of the adapter board and is used to insert the MICRO:BIT circuit board; connectors 281-284 are female headers with a pin spacing of 2.54 mm and a 2*5 arrangement, and are installed on the bottom layer of the adapter board; connector 285 is a single-row female header with a pin spacing of 2.54 mm, 8 pins, and is installed on the top layer of the adapter board.

[0163] This embodiment uses the pin number of the MICRO:BIT circuit board as the network number, P0-P5, P10 are analog input pins, and all pins of the MICRO:BIT circuit board have PWM function.

[0164] The adapter board uses connectors 281-285 to insert various electronic modules or servos, and the pin groups of connectors 281-285 are all connected to the pins of the same network number of connector 108.

[0165] Connector 281 has two pin groups, pins 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 are the fourth pin group, which supports direct insertion of electronic modules or servos with the first, second, or fourth pin groups. Pins 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 of connector 281 are the fourth pin group, which supports direct insertion of electronic modules or servos with the first, second, and fourth pin groups; connectors 282 and 284 are the fifth pin group including the fourth pin; they support direct insertion of electronic modules or servos with the first, second, fourth, or fifth pin groups.

[0166] 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 of connector 283 are the fourth pin group, which supports direct insertion of electronic modules or servos with the first, second or fourth pin group. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 of connector 283 are the third pin group, which supports direct insertion of electronic modules or servos with the first, second or third pin group.

[0167] Connector 285 has a fifth pin group, which is an SPI interface, supports direct insertion of electronic modules or servos with the first, second, fourth or fifth pin groups, and can also be used to connect display electronic modules.

[0168] Connector 287 is a TYPE-C USB socket, which is used to power the adapter board. The VBUS of the USB is 5V, which is converted to 3.3V by the step-down chip 288 and connected to pin 1 of the toggle switch 289. The 27~32 pins 3V3-1 of the connector 108 output a 3.3V voltage, which is connected to pin 3 of the toggle switch 289. Pin 2 of the toggle switch is connected to VCC, which is used to power the electronic module. Turning the toggle switch selects whether the power supply of the electronic module is powered by connector 108 or connector 287.

[0169] There are two buttons 286, which are used to realize key functions when needed; connector 290 has a fourth pin group, which is used to insert the first and fourth pin group electronic modules, or to connect the touch screen on the display module when connecting the display module, and can also be inserted into the display module at the same time as connector 285 to connect and fix the display electronic module.

[0170] Example 10: Reference Fig. 20 or Fig.21 This embodiment is an adapter board, which is used to convert the connectors on various circuit boards so that they can be directly inserted into various electronic modules or servos without wiring. This embodiment has no restrictions on the circuit board. The RASPBERRY 4B circuit board is used here, and there is no restriction on the type and number of connectors.

[0171] Connector 109 is installed on the bottom layer of the adapter board. It is a female header with a pin pitch of 2.54 mm and a 2*20 arrangement, which is directly inserted into the 40-pin needle connector expansion port of the RASPBERRY 4B circuit board; connectors 291 and 292 are 20-pin single-row female headers with a pin pitch of 2.54 mm. They are installed on the top layer of the adapter board. There is no limit on the distance between the single-row female headers, which is 0-200 mm, preferably 50 mm. Connector 293 is a single-row female header with 8 pins, and connector 294 is a double-row female header with 8 pins, which is installed on the top layer of the adapter board.

[0172] This embodiment uses a RASPBERRY 4B circuit board, which has no analog input pins, so an AD converter 295 is added and connected to the SCL1 and SDA1 pins of the connector 109 through the SCL1 and SDA1 pins.

[0173] The adapter board uses connectors 291~294 to insert various electronic modules or servos. The pin groups of connectors 291~294, except the ADC pins, are connected to the pins with the same network number of connector 109. The ADC of the pin group 291~294 is connected to the port with the same network number as the analog input pin of the external ADC converter 295.

[0174] Connector 291 has two pin groups, pins 1-5 are the third pin group, which supports direct insertion of electronic modules or servos with the first, second, and third pin groups, and pins 20-16 of connector 291 are the fourth pin group, which supports direct insertion of electronic modules or servos with the first, second, or fourth pin groups.

[0175] Connector 292 has two pin groups; connector 1-8 is the fifth pin group including the fourth pin group, supporting direct insertion of electronic modules or servos with the first or second or fourth or fifth pin groups; connector 20-16 pins are the fourth pin group, supporting direct insertion of electronic modules or servos with the first or fourth pin groups.

[0176] Connectors 293 and 294 are the fifth pin group with the fourth pin group. 293 is a single-row female and 294 is a double-row female. The pins are multiplexed and only one can be inserted at the same time. It supports direct insertion of electronic modules or servos with the first, second, fourth or fifth pin groups.

[0177] Pin 3 of connector 296 is RXD, and pin 4 is TXD, which are serial ports for communication.

[0178] Example 11: Reference Fig. 22 , this embodiment is an electronic module with a first pin group. The types of electronic modules with the first pin group include WS2812 serial LED lamp module, button module, indicator light module, relay module, single bus temperature and humidity measurement module, etc. The electronic module in this embodiment is a PWM control electronic module; electronic module schematic diagram 421, PCB schematic diagram 422, the first pin of the electronic module connector H1 is GND, the second pin is VCC, and the third pin is PWM. The pin group is the same as the steering gear pin, and the steering gear pins are arranged in sequence as GND, VCC, PWM, so This electronic module or servo can be directly plugged into a motherboard or adapter board with the first to fifth pin groups; the PWM signal of the third pin of connector H1 is connected to the base of PNP transistor T1 through resistor R18, the emitter of T1 is connected to VCC, the collector of T1 is connected to pin 1 of connector H2, and pin 2 of H2 is connected to GND. H2 can output PWM waveforms, and the collector of T1 is connected to the anode of light-emitting diode LED1 through resistor R17, and the cathode of LED is connected to GND. LED1 is used as PWM output indication or dimming. Connector H1 is directly plugged into the first to fifth pin groups of the motherboard or adapter board.

[0179] Example 12: Reference Fig.23 , this embodiment is an electronic module with a second pin group, the electronic module schematic diagram 431, the PCB schematic diagram 432, the electronic module pin is the second pin group, which can be inserted into the fifth pin group with the second or third or third pin group. There are many electronic modules with the second pin group. The embodiment here is an analog and digital dual-output brightness electronic module, which belongs to the brightness sensor module in the sensor module. The sensor uses a photodiode to output a voltage signal related to the brightness to the AO pin, and the AO pin is connected to the ADC pin of the pin group on the main board or the adapter board; the brightness switch signal is output to the DO pin through the comparator, and the DO pin is connected to the PWM pin on the main board or the adapter board. Because the PWM pin has both input and output functions, the brightness switch signal can be connected to the PWM pin.

[0180] Pin 1 of connector H1 is connected to GND, pin 2 is connected to VCC, pin 3 is connected to DO, and pin 4 is connected to AO, which correspond to GND, VCC, PWM, and ADC1 of the second pin group respectively.

[0181] Pin 2 of the comparator LM393 is IN-, and a reference voltage is set through potentiometer R26. The IN+ of the comparator is connected to the cathode of the photodiode, and is connected to VCC through the RA1 resistor, and is connected to the AO pin of the connector H1; when there is no light, the reverse current of the photodiode is nA level, and the impedance is very high, so the voltage of IN+ is close to VCC; when the photodiode is illuminated, as the light intensity increases, the reverse current of the photodiode gradually increases to uA level, so the voltage of IN+ gradually decreases, and the ADC measures the changing voltage and converts the light intensity into a digital signal. When the voltage of the comparator IN+ is lower than the reference voltage of IN-, the comparator output flips to 0, lighting up the LED17 light-emitting diode, and transmitting the 0 signal to the DO pin. Connector H1 is directly inserted into the second or third pin group of the motherboard or adapter board, or the fifth pin group with the third pin group.

[0182] Example 13: Reference Fig.24, this embodiment is an electronic module with a third pin group, the electronic module schematic diagram 441, the PCB schematic diagram 442, the electronic module has a third pin group, and can be directly inserted into a main board or adapter board with a third pin group; there are many modules with a third pin group, this embodiment is a joystick electronic module, there are 2 potentiometers inside the joystick, when the X and Y directions of the joystick change, the resistance values ​​of the X-axis and Y-axis potentiometers change accordingly, connect pins 1 and 4 of one end of the joystick potentiometer to VCC, and pins 3 and 6 of the other end of the potentiometer to GND, then the middle tap pins 2 and 5 of the joystick potentiometer output and the voltage of the X-axis and Y-axis of the joystick that changes with the position, and output the voltage through the ADC0 and ADC1 pins of the connector J1; the PWM pin of J1 is connected to the A and C pins of the push switch of the joystick, when the switch is not pressed, the pin is pulled up to VCC by the resistor R8 to be a high level 1, when the switch is pressed, it is connected to GND through the switch, and a low level 0 is output to indicate that the joystick is pressed.

[0183] Connector J1 is a third pin group, which is directly inserted into the third pin group of the main board or the adapter board or the fifth pin group with the third pin group.

[0184] Example 14: Reference Fig.25 , this embodiment is an electronic module with a fourth pin group, the electronic module schematic diagram 451, the PCB schematic diagram 452, the electronic module has a fourth pin group, and can be directly inserted into a main board or adapter board with a fourth pin group. There are many modules of this type. This embodiment is an I2C interface digital brightness electronic module. The sensor uses BH1750, and the light intensity is measured through the I2C pins SDA and SCL. The 1st pin VCC of BH1750 is connected to the 1st pin of the J1 connector, and the ADDR of BH1750 For I2C address selection, connected to pin 3 of J1, PWM pin is used as I2C address control, GND of pin 3 of BH1750 is connected to pin 1 of J1 connector; pin 4 of BH1750 is SDA, connected to pin 5 of J1; DVI of BH1750 is reset pin, connected to GND through C2, connected to VCC through R3, this pin is 0 when the module is powered on, when C2 is charged through R3, this pin is 1, completing power-on reset, pin 6 of BH1750 is SCL, connected to pin 4 of J1.

[0185] Connector J1 is the fourth pin group, which is directly inserted into the third, fourth or fifth pin group of the main board or adapter board.

[0186] Example 15: Reference Fig.26 This embodiment is an electronic module with a fifth pin group. There are many electronic modules with a fifth pin group, including display modules, wireless communication modules, etc. The embodiment is a 2.8-inch TFT liquid crystal display module with an SPI interface. The module schematic diagram 461 and the PCB schematic diagram 462 are shown. Fig.26The pins of J1 are GND, VCC, ADJ, RES, CD, CS, SCLK, and MOSI. This pin is the fifth pin group, and the corresponding relationship with the fifth pin group is as follows: GND corresponds to GND, VCC corresponds to VCC, ADJ corresponds to PWM, RES corresponds to SDA, CD corresponds to SDA, CS corresponds to MISO, SCLK corresponds to SCLK, MOSI corresponds to MOSI, and the ADJ pin J1 is connected to PWM. J3 is the TFT 2.8-inch SPI LCD screen connector;

[0187] The GND of J1 is connected to the GND of J3, and the VCC is connected to the VCC. ADJ is the PWM pin of the pin group, which sends out the PWM signal, and controls the brightness adjustment of the LCD screen backlight after passing through T1, or directly sends high and low levels for control. When ADJ is 1, T1 is turned on, and the cathode of the LCD screen backlight LED is grounded after being limited by R8. The anode of the backlight diode is the 4th pin of J3, which is connected to VCC. The RES of J1 is connected to the 6th pin RES of J3, which is used to reset the LCD module; the CD of J1 is connected to the 1st pin CD of J3, which is used to indicate whether the MOSI pin transmits a command or data; CS is connected to the 7th pin of J3, which is the chip selection pin. When this pin is 0, the LCD screen is enabled, and the LCD screen starts to receive data or commands. SCLK and MOSI are connected to the SCLK and MOSI of J3, which are the clock and data pins of the SPI interface. This embodiment is an SPI electronic module, which belongs to the TFT liquid crystal display module in the display screen module. Connector J1 is the fifth pin group, which is directly inserted into the fifth pin group of the main board or adapter board. In this embodiment, J2 also has a fourth pin group. When the LCD screen requires a touch function, J2 can be connected to J4.

[0188] Example 16: Reference Fig. 27 , Fig.28 , Fig.29 This embodiment is an electronic building block embodiment, and the electronic building block includes a main control building block and at least one electronic module building block.

[0189] The aforementioned main board or adapter board is installed inside the main control building block. The main control building block has 6 faces, at least one face has at least one connector, the connector has at least one pin group, and the pin group is any one of the first to fifth pin groups; the aforementioned electronic module circuit board is installed inside the electronic module building block. The electronic module building block has 6 faces, at least one face has one connector, the connector has a pin group, and the pin group is any one of the first to fifth pin groups. The connector pins are higher than the surface of the electronic building block module, and the connector can be directly inserted into the connector on the main control building block.

[0190] The main control building block consists of a mainboard shell and a display screen shell. Fig. 27Schematic diagram of the mainboard housing structure. The mainboard housing is composed of a mainboard 511 and a mainboard housing 512. The mainboard 511 is fixed to the mainboard housing 512 by screws or buckles. Fig.28 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display housing. The display housing consists of a display housing 521, a display screen 522, and a display circuit board 523. The display screen 522 is fixed on the display circuit board 523, and the display circuit board 523 is fixed to the display housing 521 by screws or snaps. The display housing 521 and the mainboard housing 512 are connected and fixed by screws or snaps or by a connector on the board. The connector fixation is that there are 2 pin headers on the display circuit board and 2 female headers on the main control circuit board. Signal connection and fixation are achieved by inserting the pin headers into the female headers.

[0191] Fig.29 Schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic module building block. The electronic module building block consists of an electronic module circuit board 532, an electronic module upper shell 531, and an electronic module lower shell 533. The electronic module circuit board 532 is fixed to the lower shell 533 by screws or snaps, and the electronic module upper shell 531 and the lower shell 533 are fixed by screws or snaps.

[0192] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved. In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in accordance with the implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An interface compatible with multiple electronic modules, including connectors, at least one connector, Features: A single connector includes at least one pin group, which is used to insert electronic modules or servos with different pin numbers.

2. The interface compatible with multiple electronic modules according to claim 1, Features: A first pin group is provided, and the pin group is arranged in the order of GND, VCC, and PWM.

3. The interface compatible with multiple electronic modules according to claim 2, Features: The second pin group includes the first pin group, and the arrangement order of the pin group is GND, VCC, PWM, ADC1.

4. The interface compatible with multiple electronic modules according to claim 3, Features: There is a third pin group, which includes the second pin group, and the pin group is arranged in the order of GND, VCC, PWM, ADC1, and ADC2.

5. The interface compatible with multiple electronic modules according to claim 2, Features: There is a fourth pin group including the first pin group, and the pin group is arranged in the order of GND, VCC, PWM, SDA, SCL or GND, VCC, PWM, SCL, SDA.

6. The interface compatible with multiple electronic modules according to claim 4 or claim 5, Features: There is a fifth pin group, which includes the third or fourth pin group. The first five pins of the pin group are defined as the third or fourth pin group, and the last three pins are MISO, SCLK, MOSI or a combination thereof.

7. A motherboard, Features: It comprises at least one connector, at least one microprocessor or microprocessor module and a printed circuit board, wherein the connector comprises at least one group of pin groups according to any one of claims 2 to 6, the connector is a pin header or a female header, or a pin header and a female header, or an XH-type connector, and the number of connector pins is 4 to 100; the microprocessor is a single-chip microcomputer or an ARM or a DSP or an FPGA, and the microprocessor module is a circuit board installed with a single-chip microcomputer or an ARM or a DSP or an FPGA; the top layer or the bottom layer of the printed circuit board, or the top layer and the bottom layer, is installed with at least one of the above-mentioned connectors, and at least one microprocessor or a microprocessor module is installed.

8. An adapter plate, Features: It comprises at least two connectors and a first printed circuit board; at least one connector comprises a pin group according to any one of claims 2 to 6, and at least one connector is used to connect a second circuit board installed with a single-chip microcomputer or an ARM or a DSP or an FPGA; at least two connectors are installed on the top or bottom layer of the first printed circuit board, or connectors are installed on both the top and bottom layers, at least one connector is installed on the top layer, and at least one connector is installed on the bottom layer.

9. An electronic module, Features: The invention comprises at least one connector, at least one electronic device and a printed circuit board, wherein the pins of the connector comprise the pin group according to any one of claims 2 to 6, and the number of the connector pins is 3 to 100.

10. An electronic building block, Features: It comprises the main board according to claim 7 or the adapter board according to claim 8 and at least one electronic module according to claim 9, the main board or the adapter board is mounted on the main control building block housing, and the electronic module is mounted on the electronic module building block housing.

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