Machining method for discontinuous long and deep holes

Abstract

The invention relates to a machining method for discontinuous long and deep holes, and belongs to the field of long and deep hole machining. An outer chip removal boring method is adopted for machining the long and deep holes, boring head guide wood is installed on a boring head for supporting, and a distinguishing type guide supporting sleeve is designed according to the situation that discontinuous sections exist on the hole walls of the long and deep holes and is installed on a boring rod behind the boring head; when the discontinuous section is machined, the guide supporting sleeve is used for achieving the transition supporting effect and forming complementary supporting with the boring head guide wood, the machining problem of the long and deep hole with the discontinuous section is successfully solved, the method is simple, the cost is low, the machining precision of the discontinuous long and deep hole can be effectively guaranteed, and the machining efficiency is improved. Wide popularization and application values are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of long and deep hole processing, and in particular to a method for processing discontinuous long and deep holes. Background Art

[0002] Long deep holes generally refer to holes with a length L to diameter D ratio (L / D) greater than 10. The commonly used chip removal methods for deep hole processing are external chip removal and internal chip removal. External chip removal is the process of coolant entering the drill tube and discharging the coolant and iron chips from the outside of the drill tube. Common processing methods using external chip removal include gun drilling and boring tool boring. Internal chip removal is the process of coolant entering the drill tube (using the oiler end face seal or between the tool double tubes) and discharging the coolant and iron chips from the drill tube. Common processing methods corresponding to internal chip removal include single-tube BTA (Boring and Trepanning Association), double-tube jet suction drilling, etc. Among them, the equipment required for external chip removal is simple in structure and suitable for deep hole processing with large apertures.

[0003] Usually, deep hole processing is aimed at continuous deep holes (i.e., continuous hole walls). During processing, a certain number of guide wood or carbide support blocks are arranged on the outer circle of the deep hole tool, which can continuously provide support during the inner hole processing to prevent processing deviation. However, for some parts structures, the deep holes are discontinuous holes. For example, when a large-diameter oil pipe is welded on the outer circle to pass through the inner hole, the hole wall is discontinuous. At this time, when conventional methods such as boring tools are used to bore holes, when passing through the discontinuous parts, the guide wood on the boring head will instantly lose its supporting function, and the boring head will be unable to continue cutting forward.

[0004] The current deep hole processing technology cannot solve the processing problem of discontinuous long deep holes. It is necessary to propose a new processing method for discontinuous long deep holes. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for processing discontinuous long and deep holes. On the basis of the external chip removal boring method, a petal-type guide support sleeve is designed and installed on the boring rod behind the boring head to form a complementary support with the boring head guide wood on the boring head, thereby solving the processing problem of discontinuous long and deep holes.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A method for processing discontinuous long and deep holes, wherein a side hole connected to an outer circle is opened on the hole wall of the long and deep hole to form a discontinuous section, and an external chip removal boring method is used to process the long and deep hole. Initially, a boring head guide wood is installed on the outer periphery of a boring head for processing. When the boring depth reaches the discontinuous section, the boring bar and the boring head are withdrawn, the boring head guide wood is removed, and a guide support sleeve is installed on the boring bar adjacent to the boring head. A guide strip is installed on the guide support sleeve. The boring process is continued forward with the support of the guide support sleeve. After passing the discontinuous section, the process is continued to exceed the length of the boring head guide wood, and then the boring bar and the boring head are withdrawn, the guide support sleeve is removed, the boring head guide wood is installed, and the process is continued until the depth meets the requirements of the drawing.

[0007] Furthermore, the guide support sleeve is a split-petal structure, consisting of two semicircular support sleeves connected by bolts. During installation, the guide support sleeve is installed on the boring rod behind the boring head and is connected to the rear end face of the boring head by bolts, so that the guide support sleeve and the boring head are combined into one.

[0008] Furthermore, a plurality of grooves are arranged at intervals on the outer circumference of the guide support sleeve, and guide strips are installed in the grooves.

[0009] Furthermore, the guide strip is divided into multiple sections and arranged in the groove, and the total length of the multiple sections of the guide strip in each groove is not less than the length of the discontinuous section of the long deep hole, ensuring that the guide strip on the guide support sleeve can always play a supporting role when processing the discontinuous section.

[0010] Furthermore, the guide support sleeve is made of steel, the guide strip is made of wood, and the wooden guide strip is interference-fitted in the groove.

[0011] Furthermore, before boring, the side hole is sealed with a tool plugging cover to prevent cutting oil from being thrown out during the boring process.

[0012] Furthermore, on the deep hole drilling and boring machine, the parts are clamped by using a clamping claw at one end and a roller at the other end, and a dial indicator pressure gauge is used to align the parts according to the outer circle alignment tape.

[0013] Furthermore, a counterweight block is installed on the chuck for process counterweighting, and the counterweight block is arranged in a direction opposite to the side hole.

[0014] Furthermore, one end of the boring bar is fixedly connected to the boring head, and the other end is supported on the tailstock of the drilling and boring machine and connected to the oiler. The distance between the end face of the oiler and the end face of the part is not less than the total length of the boring head plus the guide support sleeve. During processing, cutting oil enters from the boring bar, and the oil and iron chips are discharged from between the processed hole and the outer circle of the boring bar.

[0015] Furthermore, after boring to the required depth in the drawing, the straightness of the deep hole processing is measured by a thickness gauge, and the process cutting parameters are adjusted according to the measurement results, and the next cut is performed again until the straightness is qualified, and then fine processing is carried out.

[0016] Beneficial effects: The present invention improves the external chip removal boring method according to the structural characteristics of discontinuous long and deep holes, designs a guide support sleeve and a boring head guide wood to form a complementary support, uses the guide support sleeve to form a support in the discontinuous section, allows the boring head to successfully transition to the continuous section, and then continues to use the boring head guide wood for support, effectively solving the problem that the original boring head guide wood loses support in the discontinuous section, making the discontinuous hole difficult to process; and there is no need to carry out large-scale transformation of the original equipment, only the installation of the guide support sleeve is required, it is simple to use, low cost, and can effectively ensure the processing accuracy of discontinuous long and deep holes, and has wide promotion and application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of the guide support sleeve of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of boring head + boring head guide wood boring to discontinuous section; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of boring holes of the boring head (boring head guide wood removed) + guide support sleeve boring discontinuous sections; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the boring head + boring head guide wood boring hole after passing the discontinuity section.

[0018] In the figure: 1 guide support sleeve, 2 semicircular support sleeve, 3 guide strip, 4 end face flange, 5 bolt, 6 plug cover, 7 claw, 8 roller, 9 counterweight, 10 boring head, 11 boring head guide wood, 12 boring tool, 13 oiler, 14 boring rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the discontinuous long deep hole processing method of the present invention adopts the external chip removal method for boring, the aspect ratio of the long deep hole is greater than 10, and the hole diameter is not less than 100mm. The discontinuous long deep hole refers to a hole wall having a side hole connected to the outside of the part, so that the hole wall forms a discontinuous section.

[0021] Usually, a boring head guide wood 11 is installed on the outer peripheral surface of the boring head 10. The outer diameter of the boring head guide wood 11 is equal to the processed hole diameter, and plays a supporting role in deep hole processing. For the special case of discontinuous long deep holes, the present invention designs a petal-type guide support sleeve 1, such as Figure 1The guide support sleeve 1 is composed of two semicircular support sleeves 2 whose joint surfaces are aligned and connected by bolts 5. The distinguishing design facilitates the installation of the guide support sleeve 1 on the boring bar 14. A plurality of grooves for installing the guide strips 3 are arranged at intervals on the outer circumference of the guide support sleeve 1. The guide strips 3 are interference-fitted into the grooves. The length of the guide strips 3 can be divided into multiple sections according to the length of the discontinuous section of the deep hole. The total length of the guide strips is not less than the length of the discontinuous section of the deep hole, so as to ensure that the guide strips 3 on the guide support sleeve 1 can always play a supporting role when passing through the discontinuous section of the long deep hole.

[0022] The front end face of the guide support sleeve 1 is designed with an end face flange 4. When in use, the guide support sleeve 1 is installed on the boring rod 14 behind the boring head 10, and the end face flange 4 of the guide support sleeve 1 is aligned with the rear end face of the boring head 10. Then, the bolts 5 are used to tighten the joint surfaces of the two semicircular support sleeves 2 to fix the guide support sleeve 1 on the boring rod 14. The bolts 5 are then used to connect the end face flange 4 of the guide support sleeve 1 and the boring head 10 into one. Finally, the guide strip 3 is installed in the groove of the guide support sleeve 1 to ensure that the total axial length of the guide strip 3 is greater than the length of the discontinuous section of the deep hole. In the processing of discontinuous long deep holes, the boring head guide wood 11 and the guide strip 3 on the guide support sleeve 1 form complementary support during the processing. When the boring head guide wood 11 loses its supporting function, the guide strip 3 on the guide support sleeve 1 can continue to play a supporting role.

[0023] The material of the guide support sleeve 1 is generally steel to ensure that it has sufficient rigidity, and the guide strip 3 is made of wood.

[0024] The general process of the processing method of discontinuous long deep holes of the present invention is: adopting the external chip removal boring method to process the long deep holes. Initially, a boring head guide wood 11 is installed on the outer periphery of the boring head 10 for processing. When the boring depth reaches the discontinuous section, the boring bar 14 and the boring head 10 are withdrawn, the boring head guide wood 11 on the boring head 10 is removed, and a guide support sleeve 1 is installed on the boring bar 14 adjacent to the boring head 10. A guide bar 3 is installed on the guide support sleeve 1. With the support of the guide bar 3 on the guide support sleeve 1, the boring process is continued forward. After crossing the discontinuous section, the process is continued for a length not less than the boring head guide wood 11, and then the boring bar 14 and the boring head 10 are withdrawn, the guide support sleeve 1 is removed, the boring head guide wood 11 is installed, and the processing is continued until the depth meets the requirements of the drawing.

[0025] The discontinuous long deep hole processing method of the present invention is described below with reference to specific examples.

[0026] First, the parts are clamped on a deep hole drilling and boring machine. Figure 2As shown, the oil port and the outer circle are connected at the discontinuous part of the deep hole of the part to form a discontinuous section. Before boring, a tooling plug cover 6 is first made, and the oil port is sealed using bolts 5 to prevent the cutting oil from being thrown out during the boring process.

[0027] On the deep hole drilling and boring machine, the parts are clamped by clamping one end with the jaws 7 and the other end with the rollers 8. The jaws 7 and the rollers 8 are adjusted, and the parts are aligned according to the outer circle alignment tape using a dial gauge and a pressure gauge. The alignment tolerance is one-third of the inner hole shape and position tolerance to align the parts. Since the outer circle is eccentric due to the oil hole, a counterweight 9 needs to be installed on the chuck for process counterweighting. Usually, the counterweight 9 is set in the opposite direction to the oil hole; if the oil hole is facing downward, the counterweight 9 is installed on the chuck above the part for balance; one end of the boring rod 14 is fixedly connected to the boring head 10, and the other end is supported on the tailstock of the drilling and boring machine and connected to the oiler 13.

[0028] Then, according to the processing method of the present invention, the boring head guide wood 11 and the guide support sleeve 1 are used to form complementary support to process discontinuous long and deep holes.

[0029] After the parts are clamped, aligned and balanced, the boring head guide wood 11 and the boring cutter 12 are installed on the boring head 10 to ensure that the end face of the oiler 13 is not less than the length of the boring head 10 + the guide support sleeve 1 at the end face of the part. The cutting oil enters the drill pipe, and the oil and iron chips are discharged from the gap between the processed hole and the outer circle of the boring bar 14 and enter the iron chip collection box of the machine tool. That is, the external chip removal method is used for boring. When the boring depth is close to the discontinuous section of the long and deep hole, the boring bar 14 and the boring head 10 are withdrawn in time.

[0030] In the discontinuous section of the long and deep hole, replace the guide support sleeve 1 for processing. Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, the boring head guide wood 11 is removed, and the guide support sleeve 1 is installed on the boring rod 14 behind the boring head 10, aligned with the rear end surface of the boring head 10, and the joint surfaces of the two semicircular support sleeves 2 and the rear end surface of the boring head 10 are tightened with the end face flange 4 of the guide support sleeve 1 by using bolts 5, and the segmented guide strip 3 is installed on the outer circumference of the guide support sleeve 1. According to the controllability of the feed depth of the machine tool boring rod 14, the boring head 10 is first opened to the last boring position, and the boring is performed again with the support of the guide strip 3 of the guide support sleeve 1. After passing the discontinuous hole, the continuous deep hole method is continued for processing. After the continued processing length is not less than the length of the boring head guide wood 11, the boring bar 14, the boring head 10 and the guide support sleeve 1 are promptly withdrawn.

[0031] Then, replace the boring head guide wood 11 and continue processing. Figure 4As shown, the guide support sleeve 1 is removed, and the boring head guide wood 11 is installed. After the boring head 10 has bored a discontinuous hole, it is then bored forward by the length of the boring head guide wood 11 to reach the last processing position. At this time, the boring head guide wood 11 has played a supporting role, and processing is continued according to the continuous boring method until the depth is processed to the requirements of the drawing.

[0032] According to the above method, after one processing is completed, use an ultrasonic thickness gauge in the "M" direction to measure the wall thickness along the alignment tape to obtain the straightness of the deep hole processing; and adjust the process cutting parameters according to the measurement results, and then perform the next cut again according to the above processing method until the straightness is qualified, and then carry out fine processing.

[0033] The processing method described in the present invention uses the complementary support of the guide support sleeve 1 and the boring head guide wood 11 to successfully solve the processing problem of discontinuous long and deep holes. The guide support sleeve 1 has a simple structure and is easy to install. While retaining the original processing method as much as possible, there is no need to carry out large-scale transformation of the original equipment. The use cost is low, and the processing accuracy can be effectively guaranteed, which has the value of promotion and application.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with this profession can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for processing a discontinuous long and deep hole, wherein a side hole connected to the outer circle is opened on the hole wall of the long and deep hole to form a discontinuous section, characterized in that: The external chip removal boring method is used to process long and deep holes. Initially, a boring head guide wood is installed on the outer periphery of the boring head for processing. When the boring depth reaches the discontinuous section, the boring bar and the boring head are withdrawn, the boring head guide wood is removed, and a guide support sleeve is installed on the boring bar adjacent to the boring head. A guide strip is installed on the guide support sleeve. The boring process is continued forward with the support of the guide support sleeve. After passing the discontinuous section, the processing is continued to exceed the length of the boring head guide wood, the boring bar and the boring head are withdrawn, the guide support sleeve is removed, the boring head guide wood is installed, and the processing is continued until the depth meets the requirements of the drawing.

2. A method for processing discontinuous long deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide support sleeve is a petal structure, consisting of two semicircular support sleeves connected by bolts. During installation, the guide support sleeve is installed on the boring rod behind the boring head and connected to the rear end face of the boring head by bolts, so that the guide support sleeve and the boring head are combined into one.

3. A method for processing discontinuous long deep holes according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of grooves are arranged at intervals on the outer circumference of the guide support sleeve, and guide strips are installed in the grooves.

4. A method for processing discontinuous long deep holes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide strip is divided into multiple sections and arranged in the groove. The total length of the multiple sections of the guide strip in each groove is not less than the length of the discontinuous section of the long deep hole, ensuring that the guide strip on the guide support sleeve can always play a supporting role when processing the discontinuous section.

5. A method for processing discontinuous long deep holes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide support sleeve is made of steel, the guide strip is made of wood, and the wood guide strip is interference-fitted in the groove.

6. A method for processing discontinuous long deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before boring, the side hole is sealed with a tool plugging cover to prevent cutting oil from being thrown out during the boring process.

7. A method for processing discontinuous long deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the deep hole drilling and boring machine, the parts are clamped by using a clamping claw at one end and a roller at the other end, and the part outer circle alignment tape is used to align it using a dial indicator pressure gauge.

8. A method for processing discontinuous long deep holes according to claim 7, characterized in that: A counterweight block is installed on the chuck for process counterweighting, and the counterweight block is arranged in a direction opposite to the side hole.

9. A method for processing discontinuous long deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the boring bar is fixedly connected to the boring head, and the other end is supported on the tailstock of the drilling and boring machine and connected to the oiler. The distance between the end face of the oiler and the end face of the part is not less than the total length of the boring head plus the guide support sleeve. During processing, cutting oil enters from the boring bar, and the oil and iron chips are discharged from between the processed hole and the outer circle of the boring bar.

10. A method for processing discontinuous long deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: After boring to the required depth of the drawing, measure the straightness of the deep hole processing, and adjust the process cutting parameters according to the measurement results. Perform the next cut again until the straightness is qualified, and then carry out fine processing.

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