Vertical shaft construction equipment and construction method

Abstract

The invention provides vertical shaft construction equipment and a construction method. The vertical shaft construction equipment comprises a cutting device for cutting a rock soil body; the drilling rod is vertically arranged, and the drilling rod is connected with the cutting device so as to drive the cutting device to rotate; the shield body is connected with the multiple vertical shaft pipe joints in a matched mode to form a barrel-shaped structure with the top sealed and the bottom open, at least part of the drill rod is located in the barrel-shaped structure, and the cutting device is located at the top of the barrel-shaped structure; and the jacking device is arranged below the shield body so as to push the shield body and the cutting device to synchronously move upwards. The vertical shaft construction method solves the technical problems that a vertical shaft construction technology cannot conduct vertical shaft construction of the deep-buried hard stratum, the construction cost is high, and the working procedures are tedious.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of underground engineering construction, and particularly to a shaft construction device and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the past, when building modern large enterprises such as thermal power plants and petrochemical industries in coastal and riverine areas, a large number of intake and drainage tunnels were required to provide cooling water and discharge production and domestic sewage. For the intake and drainage outlets where the tunnels are connected to the waters in the rivers and seas, water construction methods such as island sinking caisson method, floating caisson method, precast sinking method or offshore drilling method are often used, which require a large number of water operation vessels and special equipment. Not only the project cost is expensive, but also the construction period is relatively long affected by wind and waves. In the mid-1970s, through continuous research and practice by engineering and technical personnel, the construction technology of vertical jacking of intake and drainage outlets was created, that is, inside the already built tunnel, precast pipe segments are connected to specific parts of the tunnel for jacking, and the pipe segments are jacked up in sequence until the design position to complete the construction of the riser. The vertical jacking method is based on the soil squeezing principle and is suitable for short and medium-distance jacking in different soft soil layers such as saturated water-containing cohesive soil or sandy soil. Auxiliary measures (such as installing a high-pressure water spraying device at the front end of the cap and setting a muddy water pressure relief hole at the front end of the cap) are still required under the conditions of anhydrous hard soil layer or long-distance jacking, but these auxiliary measures still cannot apply the above vertical jacking method to rock formations.

[0003] In order to solve the problem of limited use in deep-buried and hard strata and to achieve rapid construction at the same time, the upward shield technology was proposed, that is, inside the already built tunnel or underground space, a shield machine is used to drive upward, and segments are installed in time to build a shaft. This technology uses the method of driving from bottom to top, and most of the construction is not affected by the ground. The operations at the ground part are only to complete simple preparatory processes such as the arrival well and road surface cover plate, and there are also facilities for recovering the shield machine. Since most of the processes are carried out underground and there are fewer determining factors for construction conditions in ground operations, the construction period can be greatly shortened. The upward shield technology is based on the principle of cutting soil, has a wide range of applicable strata, and a fast construction speed. When applied to intake and drainage projects along the coast and rivers, structures such as steel cofferdams or vertical pits still need to be constructed, and the economy is poor. The newly proposed concept of using segments as cutter heads can simplify the traditional process of cutting the portal of the branch tunnel by the cutter head of the shield machine, and at the same time can achieve the purpose of equipment retraction and temporary cover plate sealing and waterproofing. However, this scheme has disadvantages such as cumbersome equipment retraction process and long transfer cycle, and at the same time has high sealing requirements for the cover plate.

[0004] In summary, it can be seen that in the existing shaft construction technology, although the vertical jacking method has low construction cost, it has problems such as low mechanization level and single application scenario; although the upward shield method has high mechanization level and wider application range, due to problems such as high equipment cost, many auxiliary measures, and difficult underwater reception, it cannot be truly popularized and used in actual construction.

[0005] Accordingly, based on years of experience and practice in the relevant industry, the present inventor proposes a shaft construction device and a construction method to solve at least one of the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a shaft construction device and a construction method, which can effectively solve the problems that the existing shaft construction technology cannot carry out shaft construction in deep buried hard strata, and has high construction costs and cumbersome processes.

[0007] The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a shaft construction device, which includes:

[0009] A cutting device for cutting rock and soil;

[0010] A drill rod vertically arranged, which is connected to the cutting device to drive the cutting device to rotate;

[0011] A shield body, which is connected with multiple sections of shaft pipe sections to form a cylindrical structure with a sealed top and an open bottom. At least part of the drill rod is located inside the cylindrical structure, and the cutting device is located at the top of the cylindrical structure;

[0012] A jacking device, which is arranged below the shield body to push the shield body and the cutting device to move up synchronously.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,

[0014] The bottom of the drill rod and the jacking device are both located in the existing underground space. The bottom of the shield body is used to connect with the top shaft pipe section among multiple vertically connected shaft pipe sections to form a cylindrical structure with a sealed top and an open bottom. The top of the drill rod passes through the shield body and is connected to the cutting device;

[0015] The jacking device has a liftable jacking part, which is used to connect with the bottom shaft pipe section among multiple shaft pipe sections to push the shield body and multiple shaft pipe sections to move up synchronously.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shaft construction device further includes a driving device, which is located in the existing underground space. The driving end of the driving device is connected to the bottom of the drill rod, and the driving device is used to provide driving force for the rotation of the drill rod to drive the cutting device to rotate.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shaft construction equipment further includes a trolley device, which is movably arranged in the existing underground space, and the driving device and the jacking device are both arranged on the top of the trolley device.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the trolley device includes a base, and rollers are arranged at the bottom of the base so that the trolley device can move in the existing underground space;

[0019] The base has a stable support portion adapted to the inner wall of the existing underground space;

[0020] The stable support portion includes:

[0021] The bottom wall surface of the base, and the bottom wall surface of the base can be abutted and attached to the bottom inner wall of the existing underground space;

[0022] And / or, the side wall surface of the base, and the side wall surface of the base can be abutted and attached to the lower side inner wall of the existing underground space.

[0023] The present invention provides a shaft construction method, which is implemented by using the above-mentioned shaft construction equipment. The shaft construction method includes the following steps:

[0024] Initial preparation: Assemble the shaft construction equipment in the launch shaft, and move the shaft construction equipment to the position of the shaft to be constructed in the existing underground space;

[0025] Tunneling construction: Start the driving device to drive the drill pipe to rotate, and drive the cutting device to rotate through the drill pipe to carry out upward tunneling construction from the position of the shaft to be constructed; As the cutting device moves upward, increase the feed amount of the drill pipe and the upward propulsion amount of the shaft pipe section until the cutting device moves up to a preset position to complete the tunneling construction of the shaft;

[0026] Wherein, the feed speed of the drill pipe is consistent with the upward propulsion speed of the shaft pipe section;

[0027] Receiving and transferring: Demolish the shaft construction equipment and transfer it to the launch shaft; Reassemble the shaft construction equipment in the launch shaft, and move the shaft construction equipment to the position of the next shaft to be constructed;

[0028] Structure construction: Carry out completion construction treatment on the wellhead position of the shaft.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the receiving and transferring is the receiving and transferring in an underwater environment. The steps of the receiving and transferring in the underwater environment include:

[0030] Disassemble the cutting device underwater and outside the shield body, and transport it into the launching shaft;

[0031] Disassemble the drill pipe in the existing underground space and transport it into the launching shaft;

[0032] Re-assemble the shaft construction equipment in the launching shaft.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the receiving transfer is a receiving transfer in a ground environment, and the steps of the receiving transfer in the ground environment include:

[0034] Lift the shield body and the drill pipe out of the shaft above the ground and transport them into the launching shaft;

[0035] Transport the driving device and the jacking device to the launching shaft by the trolley device;

[0036] Re-assemble the shaft construction equipment in the launching shaft.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the structure construction is structure construction in an underwater environment, and the steps of the structure construction in the underwater environment include:

[0038] Fill the existing underground space and the shaft with water;

[0039] Install a water intake and drainage joint at the wellhead of the shaft.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the structure construction is structure construction in a ground environment, and the steps of the structure construction in the ground environment include: Pour a wellhead structure or install a prefabricated wellhead structure at the wellhead of the shaft.

[0041] As described above, the characteristics and advantages of the shaft construction equipment and construction method of the present invention are:

[0042] It is equipped with a cutting device and a shield body at the same time. The cutting device is connected to a drill pipe that can increase the feed rate. It can not only transmit the driving force to the cutting device through the drill pipe to achieve the cutting of rock and soil, but also realize the upward tunneling operation of the shaft by increasing the feed rate of the drill pipe. In addition, by matching the shield body with multiple vertical shaft pipe sections connected vertically to form a cylindrical structure, while the cutting device moves upward, the effect of the shield body and the cutting device cooperating for jacking tunneling can be achieved by increasing the number of shaft pipe sections and / or increasing the upward pushing amount of the jacking device for the shaft pipe sections. Moreover, the driving device for driving the cutting device and the jacking device for pushing the shield body and the shaft pipe sections are all arranged in the existing underground space, which is convenient for disassembly and transfer. After disassembly and transfer, each device can be combined and reused, ensuring a high degree of mechanization while reducing construction costs, and it can be applied to shaft construction in underwater and ground environments, with a wider scope of application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0044] Among them:

[0045] Figure 1 : is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the shaft construction equipment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 : is the schematic diagram of the initial preparation state of the shaft construction equipment of the present invention in the underwater environment;

[0047] Figure 3 : is the schematic diagram of the tunneling construction state of the shaft construction equipment of the present invention in the underwater environment;

[0048] Figure 4 : is the schematic diagram of the completed state of the shaft construction of the shaft construction equipment of the present invention in the underwater environment;

[0049] Figure 5 : is the schematic diagram of the shaft structure construction state of the shaft construction equipment of the present invention in the underwater environment;

[0050] Figure 6 : is the schematic diagram of the initial preparation state of the shaft construction equipment of the present invention in the ground environment;

[0051] Figure 7 : is the schematic diagram of the tunneling construction state of the shaft construction equipment of the present invention in the ground environment;

[0052] Figure 8 : is the schematic diagram of the completed state of the shaft construction of the shaft construction equipment of the present invention in the ground environment;

[0053] Figure 9: Schematic diagram of the construction state of the shaft structure of the shaft construction equipment of the present invention in the ground environment;

[0054] Figure 10 : Second structural schematic diagram of the shaft construction equipment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 11 : Third structural schematic diagram of the shaft construction equipment of the present invention.

[0056] The attached reference numerals in the present invention are:

[0057] 1. Cutting device; 101. Cutter head;

[0058] 102. Cutter; 2. Shield body;

[0059] 201. Partition board; 3. Drill pipe;

[0060] 4. Driving device; 5. Jacking device;

[0061] 6. Trolley device; 601. Base;

[0062] 602. Roller; 603. Crawler wheel;

[0063] 7. Existing underground space; 8. Shaft segment;

[0064] 9. Mucking device; 901. Mucking pipeline;

[0065] 902. Gate valve; 10. Launching sleeve;

[0066] 11. Support frame; 12. Telescopic arm;

[0067] 13. Lateral support block; 14. Locking beam;

[0068] 15. Drainage joint; 100. Rock and soil layer;

[0069] 200. Water layer. Detailed implementation manners

[0070] The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, various equivalent modifications made by those skilled in the art to the present invention all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of this application.

[0071] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there can also be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation.

[0072] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which this application belongs. The terms used in the specification of this application herein are only for the purpose of describing specific implementations and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0073] Embodiment 1

[0074] As Figures 1 to 11 shown, the present invention provides a shaft construction device, which includes: a cutting device 1 for cutting rock and soil; a drill pipe 3 arranged in the vertical direction, the bottom of the drill pipe 3 being located in the existing underground space 7; a shield 2, the bottom of the shield 2 being used to connect to the top shaft pipe section 8 among the multiple vertically connected shaft pipe sections 8, and a cylindrical structure with a closed top and an open bottom is formed through the cooperative connection of the shield 2 and the multiple shaft pipe sections 8. At least part of the drill pipe 3 is located inside the cylindrical structure, the cutting device 1 is located at the top of the cylindrical structure, and the top of the drill pipe 3 passes through the shield 2 and is connected to the cutting device 1; a driving device 4, the driving device 4 being located in the existing underground space 7, the driving end of the driving device 4 being connected to the bottom of the drill pipe 3, and the driving device 4 being used to provide driving force for the rotation of the drill pipe 3 to drive the cutting device 1 to rotate; a jacking device 5, the jacking device 5 being located in the existing underground space 7, the jacking device 5 having a liftable jacking part, and the jacking part being used to connect to the bottom shaft pipe section 8 among the multiple shaft pipe sections 8, and the shield 2 and the multiple shaft pipe sections 8 can be pushed to move up synchronously through the upward movement of the jacking part.

[0075] In the present invention, the existing underground space 7 can be, but is not limited to, a tunnel that has been pre-excavated underground. Among them, the tunnel can be, but is not limited to, a tunnel with a circular cross-section, a tunnel with a horseshoe-shaped cross-section, or a tunnel with a rectangular or quasi-rectangular cross-section. The shaft construction device is transported into the tunnel, and a shaft is excavated upward from the top of the tunnel.

[0076] In the present invention, a cutting device 1 and a shield body 2 are configured simultaneously. The cutting device 1 is connected to a drill pipe 3 capable of increasing the feed rate. The drill pipe 3 can be driven to rotate by a driving device 4. Not only can the driving force be transmitted to the cutting device 1 through the drill pipe 3, enabling the cutting device 1 to cut the rock and soil mass, but also by increasing the feed rate of the drill pipe 3, upward tunneling operation of the shaft from bottom to top can be achieved. Additionally, by cooperating the shield body 2 with multiple vertically-connected shaft pipe sections 8 to form a cylindrical structure, while the cutting device 1 moves upward, the effect of jacking tunneling of the shaft can be achieved by increasing the number of shaft pipe sections 8 and / or increasing the upward pushing amount of the jacking device 5 for the shaft pipe sections 8, so as to cooperate the shield body 2 with the cutting device 1. Moreover, the driving device 4 for driving the cutting device 1 and the jacking device 5 for pushing the shield body 2 and the shaft pipe sections 8 are both arranged in the existing underground space 7, which is convenient for disassembly and transfer. After disassembly and transfer, each device can be combined and reused, ensuring a high degree of mechanization while reducing construction costs, and can be applied to shaft construction in underwater and ground environments, with a wider scope of application.

[0077] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figures 1 to 11 shown, the drill pipe 3 includes multiple rod sections arranged in the vertical direction. The multiple rod sections are sequentially arranged in the vertical direction and are connected end to end in sequence. According to the cutting position of the cutting device 1 in the vertical direction, the connection quantity of the rod sections can be increased to increase the feed rate of the drill pipe 3, so as to ensure that the quantity of the rod sections and the feed rate can be adapted to the cutting position of the cutting device 1 in the vertical direction, and to drive the cutting device 1 to cut and tunnel the rock and soil.

[0078] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11 shown, the cutting device 1 can adopt a conventional cutter head structure with vertical feed. Among them, the cutting device 1 can include a cutter head 101 and cutters 102 arranged on the cutter head 101. Among them, to adapt to different strata, the cutters 102 can include, but are not limited to, one or more of cutters, hob cutters, scrapers, and ripping cutters, or other types of cutters can also be used, and the specific type of cutter is not limited herein. By setting the spacing between the cutters 102, the cutting effect on the strata can be ensured, and it is more convenient for discharging the cut soil and rock.

[0079] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figures 1 to 4 、 Figures 6 to 8 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11As shown in the figure, the shaft construction equipment further includes a jumbo device 6. The jumbo device 6 is movably arranged in the existing underground space 7. The driving device 4 and the jacking device 5 are both arranged on the top of the jumbo device 6. In addition, a segment erector, a slag bucket, and devices for supplying oil, liquid, electricity, etc. necessary for the operation of each device can also be arranged on the jumbo device 6. The jumbo device 6 can not only be used as a transfer device for the driving device 4, the jacking device 5, etc. in the existing underground space 7, but also play a role in supporting the driving device 4 and the jacking device 5 during the shaft tunneling process. In the present invention, integrating the driving device 4, the jacking device 5, etc. on the jumbo device 6 can realize the transfer and reuse of the devices, and make the construction transfer more convenient.

[0080] Among them, the driving device 4 can be, but is not limited to, a driving motor. The output shaft of the driving motor is connected to the bottom of the drill pipe 3 to drive the drill pipe 3 to rotate; the jacking device 5 can be, but is not limited to, a hydraulic cylinder arranged in the vertical direction. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder extends vertically upward and abuts against the shaft pipe section 8 at the bottom, so as to realize the upward pushing of the shield 2 and the shaft pipe section 8.

[0081] Specifically, as Figures 1 to 4 and Figures 6 to 8 shown, the jumbo device 6 includes a base 601. Rollers 602 are arranged at the bottom of the base 601 to enable the jumbo device 6 to move in the existing underground space 7. Among them, when the existing underground space 7 is a tunnel with a circular cross-section, the cross-sectional shape of the base 601 can be adapted to the lower shape of the cross-section of the tunnel.

[0082] In this embodiment, as Figures 1 to 4 and Figures 6 to 8 shown, the base 601 has a stable support portion adapted to the inner wall of the existing underground space 7; among them, the bottom of the base 601 is an arc surface. The stable support portion includes: the bottom wall surface of the base 601, and the bottom wall surface of the base 601 can abut and fit against the bottom inner wall of the existing underground space 7; and / or, the side wall surface of the base 601, and the side wall surface of the base 601 can abut and fit against the lower side inner wall of the existing underground space 7 to improve the stability of the jumbo device 6 in a tunnel with a circular cross-section.

[0083] When the existing underground space 7 is a tunnel with a portal-shaped cross-section or a tunnel with a rectangular or quasi-rectangular cross-section, the jumbo device 6 includes a base 601. Since the bottom surface of the tunnel is a plane at this time, the base 601 can be directly arranged on a liftable vehicle, or crawler wheels 603 are arranged at the bottom of the base 601, which can ensure the stability of the jumbo device 6 in the moving and stationary states in the tunnel.

[0084] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 、 Figure 10 andFigure 11 As shown in the figure, the top of the shield body 2 is provided with a partition plate 201 for separating the inside of the shield body 2 from the external muck environment. The middle position of the partition plate 201 has a mounting hole for the drill pipe 3 to pass through. The top of the drill pipe 3 passes through the mounting hole to the outside of the shield body 2 and is connected to the cutting device 1. A sealing ring is arranged between the inner wall of the mounting hole and the outer wall of the drill pipe 3. By means of the sealing ring, when the drill pipe 3 rotates, the space between the drill pipe 3 and the inner wall of the mounting hole can still be kept sealed, preventing external muck or water flow from entering the shield body 2, thus achieving the effects of preventing muck and waterproofing.

[0085] Furthermore, multiple waterproof sealing structures can also be arranged between the inner wall of the mounting hole and the outer wall of the drill pipe 3 to ensure a good waterproofing effect. Among them, the waterproof sealing structure can be, but is not limited to, a sealing ring.

[0086] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11 shown, the shaft construction equipment further includes a muck discharging device 9. The muck discharging device 9 includes a muck discharging pipeline 901 and at least one set of gate valves 902. The muck discharging pipeline 901 is located inside the shield body 2. One end of the muck discharging pipeline 901 passes through the shield body 2 to communicate with the external muck environment, and the other end of the muck discharging pipeline 901 extends into the existing underground space 7. Through the muck discharging pipeline 901, the cut muck can be transported into the existing underground space 7 and then discharged externally. Among them, the gate valve 902 is arranged on the muck discharging pipeline 901. By means of the gate valve 902, the on-off state of the muck discharging pipeline 901 can be controlled, so as to control the discharge amount of muck, achieve the purpose of controlling the face pressure, and ensure the stability of the stratum during the tunneling process.

[0087] In the present invention, the gate valve 902 is also, but is not limited to, a hydraulic gate or a pneumatic pipe clamp valve. Of course, in some embodiments, a screw conveyor can also be arranged to realize the transportation of muck.

[0088] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figures 1 to 4 、 Figures 6 to 8 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11As shown, the shaft construction equipment further includes a launching sleeve 10. The launching sleeve 10 is a tubular structure arranged vertically with openings at both the top and the bottom. The top of the launching sleeve 10 is used to connect with the inner wall of the top of the existing underground space 7. There are multiple seals on the inner wall of the launching sleeve 10, and the seals are sealingly connected to the inner wall of the launching sleeve 10. During the tunneling process, the seals are used to seal between the inner wall of the launching sleeve 10 and the outer wall of the shield 2 and / or the outer wall of the shaft segment 8, achieving a waterproof effect through the seals. Among them, the seals can be, but are not limited to, tail brush seals, rubber seals, polyurethane seals, or packing seals, etc. The cross-sectional shape of the seals can be, but is not limited to, O-shaped, rectangular, lip-shaped, finger-shaped, etc.

[0089] Furthermore, adjacent seals are arranged at intervals and a filling cavity is formed between adjacent seals. A sealing substance is injected into the filling cavity to further improve the sealing and waterproof effect. Among them, the sealing substance can be, but is not limited to, grease, single-fluid slurry, or double-fluid slurry, etc.

[0090] In this embodiment, the launching sleeve 10 includes an upper section and a lower section. The lower section is used to be cut off and removed after the shaft construction is completed. The upper section has a connecting plate, and the connecting plate can be connected to the shaft segment 8, so it can be used for load transfer. That is, the vertical load of the shaft segment 8 can be transferred to the existing underground space 7 through the upper section of the launching sleeve 10 and the connecting plate thereon, thus avoiding the accumulation of loads on the shaft segment 8 and ensuring the stability of the shaft segment 8, that is, ensuring the stability of the formed shaft.

[0091] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figures 6 to 8 shown, the shaft construction equipment further includes a support frame 11. The support frame 11 is arranged on the top of the trolley device 6. There is a telescopic arm 12 on the support frame 11 that can move towards or away from the inner wall of the side of the existing underground space 7. One end of the telescopic arm 12 is connected to the support frame 11, and the other end of the telescopic arm 12 is connected with a lateral support block 13. During the tunneling process, the position of the lateral support block 13 is adjusted through the telescopic arm 12 so that it can abut against the inner wall of the side of the existing underground space 7. This not only ensures the stability of the shaft construction equipment, but also can evenly disperse the forces of the shaft segment 8 and the shaft construction equipment to the inner wall of the existing underground space 7, reducing the situation of excessive local stress on the existing underground space 7 and reducing the deformation and settlement of the existing underground space 7. Among them, the base 601 of the trolley device 6 also plays a supporting role, which can be regarded as a bottom support block, and cooperating with the lateral support block 13 can achieve a better effect of evenly dispersing the force.

[0092] In this embodiment, the telescopic arm 12 can be, but is not limited to, a hydraulic cylinder arranged in the horizontal direction. The hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the support frame 11, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder extends in the horizontal direction and is connected to the lateral support block 13. Of course, the telescopic arm 12 can also adopt other telescopic structures, which are not specifically limited herein.

[0093] The characteristics and advantages of the shaft construction equipment of the present invention are as follows:

[0094] 1. The shaft construction equipment realizes the cooperative operation of the shield 2 and the cutting device 1, ensuring the jacking tunneling effect for the shaft. Moreover, the driving device 4 for driving the cutting device 1 and the jacking device 5 for pushing the shield 2 and the shaft segment 8 are both arranged in the existing underground space 7, which is convenient for disassembly and transfer. After disassembly and transfer, each device can be combined and reused, ensuring a high degree of mechanization while reducing construction costs, and can be applied to shaft construction in underwater and ground environments, with a wider scope of application.

[0095] 2. The shaft construction equipment can effectively control ground settlement and reduce jacking pressure through the cooperation of the cutting and jacking process and the muck discharge process, and is suitable for tunneling operations in deep buried hard strata.

[0096] 3. In the shaft construction equipment, power devices such as the driving device 4 and the jacking device 5 are integrated on the trolley device 6, which is convenient for disassembly and transfer and can be reused. Especially for underwater operation conditions, the risk of device immersion and corrosion can be effectively avoided.

[0097] Embodiment 2

[0098] As Figures 1 to 11 shown, the present invention provides a shaft construction method, which is implemented by using the above shaft construction equipment and is applicable to shaft tunneling scenarios in both underwater and ground environments. The shaft construction method includes the following steps:

[0099] Step S1: Initial preparation. Assemble the shaft construction equipment in the launch shaft, and move the shaft construction equipment to the shaft construction position to be constructed in the existing underground space 7.

[0100] Step S2: Tunneling construction. Start the driving device 4 to drive the drill pipe 3 to rotate, and drive the cutting device 1 to rotate through the drill pipe 3 to carry out upward tunneling construction from the shaft construction position to be constructed; as the cutting device 1 moves upward, increase the feed amount of the drill pipe 3 and the upward propulsion amount of the shaft segment 8 until the cutting device 1 moves upward to the preset position, and complete the shaft tunneling construction.

[0101] Among them, the feed speed of the drill pipe 3 is consistent with the upward propulsion speed of the shaft segment 8.

[0102] Step S3: Receive the transition, demolish the shaft construction equipment and transfer it to the launching shaft; reassemble the shaft construction equipment in the launching shaft, and move the shaft construction equipment to the position of the next shaft to be constructed;

[0103] Step S4: Structure construction, perform completion construction treatment on the wellhead position of the shaft.

[0104] The shaft construction method of the present invention will be specifically described below.

[0105] Step S1: Launch preparation, as Figure 2 and Figure 6 shown, assemble and debug the shaft construction equipment in the launching shaft, and move the shaft construction equipment to the position of the shaft to be constructed in the existing underground space 7;

[0106] Among them, the launching shaft is the shaft through which the shaft construction equipment enters the existing underground space 7 from the ground.

[0107] Further, in step S1, the shaft construction equipment can move by itself (i.e., when there are rollers 602 or crawler wheels 603 at the bottom) to the position of the shaft to be constructed in the existing underground space 7. Of course, it can also be assisted by a traction device (such as a vehicle) to move to the position of the shaft to be constructed in the existing underground space 7.

[0108] Further, in step S1, a launching sleeve 10 is arranged at the position of the shaft to be constructed in the existing underground space 7, and the top of the launching sleeve 10 is connected to the inner wall of the top of the existing underground space 7. Among them, the connection between the top of the launching sleeve 10 and the inner wall of the top of the existing underground space 7 can adopt but is not limited to connection methods such as anchor bolt connection, welding or flange connection, as long as the stable connection between the launching sleeve 10 and the top of the existing underground space 7 (such as a tunnel) can be realized.

[0109] Further, in step S1, adjust the attitude of the shaft construction equipment at the position of the shaft to be constructed, so that the center line of the shaft construction equipment (the center line of the shaft construction equipment can be determined by the axis of the drill pipe 3 or the center point of the cutter head 101) and the axis of the shaft to be constructed are on the same vertical line or the distance in the horizontal direction is within a preset threshold range, so as to ensure that the excavation position of the shaft is within the design requirements and avoid a large error between the actual construction position of the shaft and the preset position. Among them, the preset threshold range can be set by itself.

[0110] Further, in step S1, for Figure 2The underwater environment shown (i.e., there is an aquifer 200 above the rock and soil layer 100, the existing underground space 7 is located in the rock and soil layer 100, and the wellhead of the shaft formed by the shaft construction equipment needs to extend at least to the position where the aquifer 200 is located), control the stable support part located at the bottom of the shaft construction equipment to abut and fit with the inner wall of the bottom of the existing underground space 7 and / or to abut and fit with the inner wall of the lower side part of the existing underground space 7.

[0111] Further, in step S1, different from the underwater environment, for example Figure 6 The ground environment shown (i.e., there is no aquifer 200 above the rock and soil layer 100, the existing underground space 7 is located in the rock and soil layer 100, and the wellhead of the shaft formed by the shaft construction equipment needs to extend to the surface of the rock and soil layer 100). In addition to controlling the stable support part located at the bottom of the shaft construction equipment to abut and fit with the inner wall of the bottom of the existing underground space 7 and / or to abut and fit with the inner wall of the lower side part of the existing underground space 7, it is also necessary to control the telescopic arm 12 to make the lateral support block 13 abut against the inner wall of the side part of the existing underground space 7, which can not only support the inner wall of the existing underground space 7 to bear greater pressure in the ground environment, but also evenly disperse the force of the subsequent shaft pipe section 8 and the shaft construction equipment to the inner wall of the existing underground space 7, and then transfer it to the rock and soil layer 100, achieving a more uniform force dispersion effect.

[0112] Further, in step S1, for example Figure 6 The ground environment shown, a collar beam 14 can be set at a preset position on the surface of the rock and soil layer 100. The central axis of the collar beam 14 and the axis of the shaft to be constructed are on the same vertical line or the horizontal distance is within a preset threshold range. The collar beam 14 plays a role in supporting and strengthening the subsequent formed wellhead, reducing the disturbance of the ground soil layer during the construction process.

[0113] Step S2: Carry out upward tunneling construction. As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 7 , start the driving device 4 to drive the drill pipe 3 to rotate, and drive the cutting device 1 to rotate by the drill pipe 3 to carry out upward tunneling construction from the position where the shaft is to be constructed; as the cutting device 1 moves upward, increase the feed amount of the drill pipe 3 and the upward propulsion amount of the shaft pipe section 8 until the cutting device 1 moves upward to the preset position to complete the tunneling construction of the shaft;

[0114] Among them, the feed speed of the drill pipe 3 is consistent with the upward propulsion speed of the shaft pipe section 8, and the purpose is that the driving device 4 and the jacking device 5 can operate synchronously to ensure that the equipment torque and jacking force can obtain the best effect.

[0115] Further, in step S2, during the upward tunneling process of the cutting device 1, the top segment of the shaft to be constructed is first broken, and then the cutting device 1 moves upward to cut and agitate the rock and / or soil above the shaft to be constructed. During this process, the cut muck is discharged through the muck discharging device 9, and the on-off state of the muck discharging pipeline 901 is controlled by the gate valve 902 on the muck discharging pipeline 901, so as to control the discharge amount of the rock and / or soil, achieve the purpose of controlling the face pressure, and ensure the stability of the stratum during the tunneling process.

[0116] In step S2, as the cutting device 1 moves upward, it is necessary to increase the feed amount of the drill pipe 3 and the assembly quantity of the shaft segments 8 and / or the upward propulsion amount of the shaft segments 8, but there is no clear regulation on the sequence. It is only necessary to ensure that the drill pipe 3 can reach the preset position during the upward tunneling process of the cutting device 1.

[0117] Step S3: Receive the transfer, as Figure 4 and Figure 8 shown, disassemble the shaft construction equipment and transfer it to the launching shaft; complete the reassembly of the shaft construction equipment in the launching shaft, and move the shaft construction equipment to the next shaft to be constructed.

[0118] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 4 shown, when the transfer reception in step S3 is a transfer reception in an underwater environment, the transfer reception steps in the underwater environment further include:

[0119] Step S301: Disassemble the cutting device 1 underwater and outside the shield 2, and transport it to the launching shaft;

[0120] Step S302: Disassemble the drill pipe 3 in the existing underground space 7 and transport it to the launching shaft;

[0121] Step S303: Complete the reassembly of the shaft construction equipment in the launching shaft.

[0122] Among them, the underwater shaft tunneling is mostly applied to the water intake and drainage scenarios such as nuclear power, petrochemical, and sewage. Specifically, the cutting device 1 can be lifted by a floating ship, and the cutting device 1 outside the shield 2 can be disassembled by divers underwater (i.e., in the water layer 200) and transported to the launching shaft; in the formed shaft, the operators can move into the shield 2 using a ladder, disassemble the equipment such as the drill pipe 3 and the muck discharging device 9, and use a simple lifting device (such as a winch) to move the disassembled equipment into the existing underground space 7 and then transport it to the launching shaft. After completing the reassembly of the shaft construction equipment in the launching shaft, it can wait to be transferred to the next construction position for shaft tunneling construction.

[0123] In another alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 8As shown, when the receiving transition in step S3 is the receiving transition in the ground environment, the receiving transition steps in the ground environment further include:

[0124] Step S301': Lift the shield body 2 and the drill pipe 3 from the shaft to above the ground and transport them into the launching shaft.

[0125] Step S302': Transport the driving device 4 and the jacking device 5 to the launching shaft by the trolley device 6.

[0126] Step S303': Reassemble the shaft construction equipment in the launching shaft.

[0127] Among them, shaft tunneling in the ground environment is mostly applied to scenarios such as escape, ventilation, maintenance, and feeding in municipal, tunnel, and logistics. Specifically, disassemble and separate the shield body 2 from the shaft segment 8, use the ground lifting equipment to lift the shield body 2, the drill pipe 3, and the slag discharging device 9 as a whole from the shaft to above the ground and transport them into the launching shaft; in the formed shaft, complete the connection between the shaft segment 8 at the bottom of the shaft and the T-shaped interface at the top of the tunnel. The connection methods may include but are not limited to radially passing through bolts, welding braking pressing plates and bracing plates at the bottom, and sleeving a steel shell at the top and fixing it to the segment on the inner wall of the tunnel with anchor bolts, etc.; then the driving device 4 and the jacking device 5 are transported to the launching shaft by the trolley device 6 on their own or the trolley device 6 is moved to the launching shaft by other traction equipment, and the shaft construction equipment is reassembled in the launching shaft, and then it can wait to be transferred to the next construction position for shaft tunneling construction.

[0128] Step S4: Structure construction, such as Figure 5 and Figure 9 As shown, perform completion construction treatment on the wellhead position of the shaft.

[0129] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 5 shown, when the structure construction in step S4 is the structure construction in the underwater environment, the structure construction steps in the underwater environment further include: filling the underground existing space 7 and the shaft with water to eliminate the pressure difference inside and outside the shaft; then, a diver descends to the wellhead of the shaft to install the intake and drainage joint 15 (i.e., replace the original shield body 2 with the drainage joint 15). In this embodiment, if there are requirements for rust and corrosion prevention in the scenario, the sacrificial anode protection method can be used to perform anti-corrosion treatment on the drainage joint 15.

[0130] In another alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 9 shown, when the structure construction in step S4 is the structure construction in the ground environment, the structure construction steps in the ground environment further include: pouring a wellhead structure or installing a prefabricated wellhead structure at the wellhead of the shaft.

[0131] The characteristics and advantages of the shaft construction method of the present invention are:

[0132] 1. This shaft construction method combines cutting, jacking, and muck discharge, which can effectively control ground settlement and reduce jacking pressure, and is particularly suitable for the excavation of shafts in deep buried hard strata.

[0133] 2. This shaft construction method integrates all power equipment (such as driving device 4, jacking device 5, etc.) onto the trolley device 6. The equipment is convenient for disassembly, transfer, and repeated assembly and use, making the construction transfer more convenient. Especially for the scenario of shaft excavation in an underwater environment, it can effectively avoid the risk of equipment (such as electrical components) being soaked and corroded.

[0134] 3. This shaft construction method can be applied to scenarios of tunnels or other existing underground spaces 7 with different cross-section (i.e., cross-sectional) types, and has a wider range of applications.

[0135] It should be noted that in the description of this application, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and to distinguish similar objects. There is no sequential order between the two, nor can it be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0136] The above-mentioned various embodiments in this specification are all described in a progressive manner. For the same or similar parts between the various embodiments, reference can be made to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

[0137] The above are only several embodiments of the present invention. Although the disclosed embodiments of the present invention are as above, the content is only an embodiment adopted for the convenience of understanding the present invention and is not used to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the technical field to which the present invention pertains can make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed by the present invention. However, the scope of patent protection of the present invention shall still be subject to the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A shaft construction equipment, characterized in that: The shaft construction equipment comprises: A cutting device (1) for cutting rock and soil; A drill rod (3) arranged vertically, the drill rod (3) being connected to the cutting device (1) so as to drive the cutting device (1) to rotate; A shield body (2), wherein the shield body (2) is connected with a plurality of vertical shaft pipe sections (8) to form a cylindrical structure with a sealed top and an open bottom, at least a portion of the drill pipe (3) is located inside the cylindrical structure, and the cutting device (1) is located at the top of the cylindrical structure; A lifting device (5), wherein the lifting device (5) is arranged below the shield body (2) to push the shield body (2) and the cutting device (1) to move upward synchronously.

2. The shaft construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the drill rod (3) and the lifting device (5) are both located in an existing underground space (7); the bottom of the shield body (2) is used to connect with the vertical shaft pipe section (8) located at the top of a plurality of vertically connected vertical shaft pipe sections (8) to form a cylindrical structure with a sealed top and an open bottom; the top of the drill rod (3) passes through the shield body (2) and is connected to the cutting device (1); The lifting device (5) has a lifting part that can be raised and lowered, and the lifting part is used to connect with the vertical shaft pipe section (8) located at the bottom of the multiple vertical shaft pipe sections (8) to push the shield body (2) and the multiple vertical shaft pipe sections (8) to move upward synchronously.

3. The shaft construction equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shaft construction equipment further comprises a driving device (4), wherein the driving device (4) is located in the existing underground space (7), the driving end of the driving device (4) is connected to the bottom of the drill rod (3), and the driving device (4) is used to provide a driving force for the rotation of the drill rod (3), so as to drive the cutting device (1) to rotate.

4. The shaft construction equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shaft construction equipment also includes a trolley device (6), which is movably arranged in the existing underground space (7), and the driving device (4) and the jacking device (5) are both arranged on the top of the trolley device (6).

5. The shaft construction equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The trolley device (6) comprises a base (601), and a roller (602) is arranged at the bottom of the base (601) so that the trolley device (6) can move in the existing underground space (7); The base (601) has a stable support portion adapted to the inner wall of the existing underground space (7); The stabilizing support portion comprises: The bottom wall surface of the base (601) can be in contact with the bottom inner wall support of the existing underground space (7); And / or, the side wall surface of the base (601) can be in contact with the top support of the lower inner wall of the existing underground space (7).

6. A shaft construction method, which is implemented by using the shaft construction equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The shaft construction method comprises the following steps: Preparation for departure: assembling the shaft construction equipment in the departure shaft, and moving the shaft construction equipment to the shaft construction position in the existing underground space (7); During excavation construction, the driving device (4) is started to drive the drill rod (3) to rotate, and the cutting device (1) is driven by the drill rod (3) to rotate to excavate upward from the position to be constructed in the vertical shaft; as the cutting device (1) moves upward, the feed amount of the drill rod (3) and the upward thrust amount of the vertical shaft pipe section (8) are increased until the cutting device (1) moves upward to a preset position, thereby completing the excavation construction of the vertical shaft; The feeding speed of the drill rod (3) is consistent with the upward advancement speed of the shaft pipe section (8); Receiving the transfer site, dismantling the shaft construction equipment and transferring it to the starting shaft; reassembling the shaft construction equipment in the starting shaft, and moving the shaft construction equipment to the next shaft to be constructed; The structure is constructed by completing the wellhead of the vertical shaft.

7. The vertical shaft construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The receiving transition is a receiving transition of an underwater environment, and the receiving transition step of the underwater environment includes: Disassembling the cutting device (1) underwater and outside the shield (2), and transporting it to the launching well; Dismantling the drill pipe (3) in the existing underground space (7) and transporting it to the starting well; The reassembly of the shaft construction equipment is completed in the launching shaft.

8. The vertical shaft construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The receiving transition is a receiving transition of a ground environment, and the receiving transition step of the ground environment includes: The shield body (2) and the drill pipe (3) are hoisted from the vertical shaft to above the ground, and transported to the starting shaft; The driving device (4) and the lifting device (5) are transported to the launching well by the trolley device (6); The reassembly of the shaft construction equipment is completed in the launching shaft.

9. The vertical shaft construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The structure construction is a structure construction of an underwater environment, and the steps of constructing the structure of the underwater environment include: The existing underground space (7) and the vertical shaft are filled with water; A water intake and drainage joint is installed at the wellhead of the vertical shaft.

10. The vertical shaft construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The structural construction is a structural construction of a ground environment, and the structural construction steps of the ground environment include: pouring a wellhead structure at the wellhead of the vertical shaft or installing a prefabricated wellhead structure.

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