Friction nano generator with friction layer doped with high dielectric constant material

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of friction nano-generators, and particularly relates to a friction nano-generator of a high-dielectric-constant material doped friction layer, which comprises a substrate, liquid metal, a friction layer, a bottom electrode and a top electrode, the liquid metal is arranged on the substrate, and the friction layer is arranged on the liquid metal; the bottom electrode is connected with liquid metal; the top electrode is connected with the friction layer; particularly, a high-dielectric-constant material is doped in the friction layer. The high dielectric constant material is doped in the friction layer, the polarization capability of the friction layer is improved through the high dielectric constant material, friction charges with higher density can be stored and maintained, charge leakage is reduced, instantaneous current generated by touching each time is higher, peak voltage is higher, and therefore stable high-power output is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of triboelectric nanogenerators, and particularly relates to a triboelectric nanogenerator with a friction layer doped with a high dielectric constant material. Background Art

[0002] With the development of wearable electronic devices, Internet of Things sensors, and self-powered systems, the demand for efficient, lightweight, and flexible energy harvesting devices is increasing day by day. Among them, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have shown broad application prospects in the fields of flexible electronics, smart clothing, environmental monitoring, etc. because they can convert mechanical energy in the environment (such as human movement, air vibration, contact friction, etc.) into electrical energy.

[0003] Triboelectric nanogenerators mainly work based on the triboelectrification effect and the electrostatic induction effect. Its basic structure usually includes a friction layer, an electrode layer, a liquid metal, and a substrate layer. During the working process, the friction layer undergoes mechanical actions such as contact-separation, sliding, and free vibration with another material, generating triboelectric charges at the interface and collecting them through the electrodes, thereby outputting electrical energy.

[0004] Due to the low dielectric constants of traditional friction layer materials (such as PTFE, FEP, etc.) (usually 2 - 10), triboelectric charges are prone to leakage or attenuation, and the lifetime of triboelectric charges is short, making it difficult to store them for a long time, resulting in limited output power and inability to meet high-power requirements (ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 2, 2566 - 2575, Nano Energy 131 (2024)110305). Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a triboelectric nanogenerator with a friction layer doped with a high dielectric constant material, including a substrate, a liquid metal, a friction layer, a bottom electrode, and a top electrode; the liquid metal is placed on the substrate, and the friction layer is placed on the liquid metal; the bottom electrode is connected to the liquid metal, and the top electrode is connected to the friction layer; in particular, the friction layer is doped with a high dielectric constant material.

[0006] When the outside (such as a human finger) touches the friction layer, a new contact interface is formed between the friction layer and the outside, resulting in the transfer and accumulation of interface charges. When the outside moves away (i.e., separates), the charge distribution on the surface of the friction layer changes, and the equivalent capacitance of the system changes, causing a potential difference to be generated between the bottom electrode and the top electrode, thereby driving electrons to flow in the external circuit and forming an alternating current.

[0007] In the present invention, a high dielectric constant material is doped in the friction layer. The high dielectric constant material improves the polarization ability of the friction layer, enabling it to store and maintain a higher density of triboelectric charges, reducing charge leakage, making the instantaneous current triggered by each touch stronger and the peak voltage higher, thereby achieving stable high-power output.

[0008] Furthermore, the high dielectric constant material is high dielectric constant material particles. Due to the high dielectric properties of the particles, the friction layer can generate a stronger polarization effect under the action of an electric field, thereby enhancing the charge accumulation and storage capacity at the interface. This design can reduce the rapid leakage of charges, extend the lifetime of triboelectric charges, enable the generator to maintain a high charge storage efficiency in multiple working cycles, and thus improve the overall output power.

[0009] Furthermore, the high dielectric constant material is titanium dioxide, zinc oxide or aluminum oxide. Selecting titanium dioxide, zinc oxide or aluminum oxide as the high dielectric constant material can ensure that the doped material has a high dielectric constant, and at the same time has excellent mechanical stability and charge trapping ability. Titanium dioxide has a high dielectric constant and polarization effect, which helps to increase the charge density; zinc oxide has piezoelectric properties and can additionally enhance charge transfer under mechanical stress; aluminum oxide has low dielectric loss characteristics, which can reduce charge leakage and improve the long-term stability of the TENG.

[0010] Furthermore, the material of the friction layer is PVDF or FEP. Using PVDF or FEP for the friction layer can improve flexibility and durability while ensuring triboelectric negativity. PVDF not only has good triboelectric properties but also has a piezoelectric effect, which can further improve the efficiency of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy; FEP is a highly hydrophobic polymer that can reduce charge leakage and ensure that it is not easily damaged under long-term friction, thereby extending the service life of the triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0011] Furthermore, the size of the high dielectric constant material particles is 30 nanometers to 300 nanometers. Setting the size of the high dielectric constant material particles to 30 nanometers to 300 nanometers can maximize its dielectric enhancement effect while ensuring the uniform distribution of the material. Smaller particles (30 - 100 nm) can enhance the local electric field and improve the polarization ability; larger particles (100 - 300 nm) can provide a more stable dielectric barrier and improve the charge storage ability. In addition, this size range helps the material to be evenly distributed in the friction layer matrix (PVDF, FEP), avoiding performance degradation caused by particle agglomeration.

[0012] Furthermore, the thickness of the friction layer is 50 to 300 microns. Setting the thickness of the friction layer to 50 to 300 microns can ensure sufficient charge storage space while improving flexibility and mechanical stability. A thinner friction layer (50 - 100 microns) is suitable for lightweight, flexible wearable devices to adapt to bending and dynamic deformation; a thicker friction layer (100 - 300 microns) is suitable for high-output power TENGs, which can accommodate more frictional charges, enhance the overall charge density, and thus improve the energy harvesting ability.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a silver cloth that covers the edge of the liquid metal, and the bottom electrode is connected to the silver cloth. Covering the edge of the liquid metal with a silver cloth and connecting the bottom electrode to the silver cloth can effectively improve the charge collection efficiency and reduce the oxidation or diffusion of the liquid metal. As a highly conductive material, the silver cloth can provide a stable current collection path, enabling the charges transferred from the liquid metal to be quickly transported to the circuit, reducing the resistance loss, and increasing the energy output. In addition, this structure can also protect the liquid metal from deformation or leakage under high-frequency contact.

[0014] Furthermore, the top electrode is a silver cloth array electrode. Using a silver cloth array electrode as the top electrode can improve the energy output and response speed of the TENG. The silver cloth array electrode can provide a larger contact area, make the charge distribution more uniform, and increase the charge density per unit area. At the same time, the array structure can reduce the charge accumulation at a single electrode point, improve the electron transfer efficiency, and enable the TENG to maintain high-efficiency power generation under low-frequency motion or weak external forces.

[0015] Furthermore, at the interface between the friction layer and the liquid metal, the surface of the friction layer is provided with conical protrusions. Setting conical protrusions at the interface between the friction layer and the liquid metal can enhance the capture ability of frictional charges. The conical structure can increase the real contact area per unit area, improve the interface charge transfer efficiency, and at the same time reduce the interface adhesion effect, preventing charge accumulation or loss caused by long-term friction. In addition, the conical protrusions can also enhance the local electric field effect during separation, making it easier for charges to remain, increasing the charge storage time, and thus enhancing the overall output power of the TENG.

[0016] Furthermore, a highly conductive flexible material is provided at the bottom of the conical protrusions. Providing a highly conductive flexible material at the bottom of the conical protrusions can further optimize the charge transfer path and improve the current output efficiency. Due to the characteristics of highly conductive materials (such as silver nanowires, carbon nanotubes, MXene) with low resistance and high electron mobility, the interface resistance can be effectively reduced, enabling frictional charges to flow to the liquid metal electrode faster, thereby reducing energy loss. In addition, this structure can also improve flexibility, enabling the TENG to maintain stable electrical performance in wearable devices or high-dynamic environments.

[0017] Advantages of the present invention: (1) Since the high dielectric constant material can increase the dielectric constant of the friction layer, enabling it to store more charges during the friction process, thereby increasing the triboelectric charge density. A higher charge density means a stronger electrostatic field, ultimately increasing the output voltage and power, allowing the generator to maintain high-efficiency energy conversion even at lower frequencies or with smaller touch forces.

[0018] (2) The introduction of the high dielectric constant material can improve the charge storage adaptability of the TENG under different environmental conditions (such as humidity and temperature changes). Especially in a high-humidity environment, traditional friction layer materials are prone to output decline due to charge leakage, while the presence of the high dielectric layer can reduce this effect, making the TENG have better environmental stability.

[0019] (3) Since the high dielectric material can increase the charge density per unit area, the friction layer can be made thinner without affecting the overall power generation ability. This characteristic enables the TENG to be further miniaturized while maintaining high-efficiency output, providing better technical support for future integrated electronic devices and self-powered sensing systems. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a triboelectric nanogenerator with a high dielectric constant material-doped friction layer.

[0021] In the figure: 1. Substrate; 2. Liquid metal; 3. Friction layer; 31. High dielectric constant material particles.

[0022] Figure 2 It is the working principle diagram of the triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0023] Figure 3 It is the time-voltage diagram of the triboelectric nanogenerator. Detailed Embodiments

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following examples are given with reference to the accompanying drawings to further elaborate on this application in detail.

[0025] Example 1 The present invention provides a triboelectric nanogenerator with a high dielectric constant material-doped friction layer, mainly including components such as a substrate 1, liquid metal 2, friction layer 3, bottom electrode, and top electrode. As Figure 1 shown, the liquid metal 2 is placed on the substrate 1, and the friction layer 3 covers the surface of the liquid metal 2. The bottom electrode is connected to the liquid metal 2, and the top electrode is connected to the friction layer 3 to achieve charge transmission and collection. In addition, a silver cloth is covered on the edge of the liquid metal 2, and a silver cloth array electrode is used as the top electrode to optimize the charge collection path and improve the power generation efficiency.

[0026] The friction layer 3 of the present invention uses polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), and high dielectric constant material particles 31 are doped therein. The high dielectric constant materials include titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), zinc oxide (ZnO) or aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), and the particle size thereof is between 30 nanometers and 300 nanometers to enhance the charge storage capacity of the friction layer. The overall thickness of the friction layer is controlled to be between 50 micrometers and 300 micrometers to ensure the charge accumulation ability while maintaining good mechanical flexibility.

[0027] The liquid metal 2 uses a gallium indium tin (GaInSn) alloy, which has high conductivity and flexibility to ensure efficient charge transmission. The coating thickness of the liquid metal 2 is about 30 micrometers, which maintains good mechanical flexibility while ensuring sufficient conductivity. To improve the charge collection ability, a silver cloth (with a thickness of about 50 micrometers) is covered on the edge of the liquid metal 2 to enhance the stability of the bottom electrode and the charge transmission efficiency.

[0028] The top electrode of the present invention uses a silver cloth array electrode, that is, a silver cloth is covered on the surface of the friction layer 3, and the charge collection path is optimized through a grid-like array structure. The spacing of the silver cloth array electrode is set to 500 micrometers × 500 micrometers to ensure uniform charge distribution on the surface of the friction layer, improve the induced voltage and output power. In addition, the silver cloth array electrode can reduce the charge transmission loss, enabling the generator to maintain a high energy conversion efficiency under low-frequency excitation.

[0029] During preparation, first, the friction layer 3 is prepared by a solution casting method. PVDF or FEP is dissolved in a solvent of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or tetrahydrofuran (THF) to form a uniform solution of 10 wt%, and titanium dioxide, zinc oxide or aluminum oxide nanoparticles are added in a proportion of 5 wt%. Ultrasonic dispersion (40 kHz, 30 minutes) is used to ensure uniform distribution of the doped particles. Subsequently, a spin coating method (1000 rpm, 60 s) is used to form a uniform coating on a glass substrate, and the solvent is removed by pre-baking at 80°C for 30 minutes, and finally cured at 150°C for 2 hours to obtain the friction layer 3 (with a thickness of about 150 micrometers).

[0030] The liquid metal 2 is prepared by a doctor blade method. The GaInSn liquid metal 2 is uniformly coated on a PI flexible substrate and kept at 70°C for 1 hour to improve the adhesion. A silver cloth is covered on the edge of the liquid metal 2 and fixed with a conductive adhesive to ensure that charges can be smoothly transmitted to the external circuit.

[0031] The top electrode uses a silver cloth array electrode, and its preparation method is as follows: Place the silver cloth array on top of the friction layer 3 and gently press and fix it to ensure close contact with the friction layer. At the same time, the top electrode is connected to an external load to collect the induced charges on the friction layer.

[0032] The triboelectric nanogenerator of the present invention realizes energy conversion based on the principles of contact-separation and capacitance change. When an external object (such as a finger or a sole) touches the friction layer 3, electron transfer occurs between the friction layer 3 and the external object, and charges accumulate on the surface of the friction layer 3. Since the friction layer 3 is doped with a high dielectric constant material, its charge storage ability is enhanced, effectively reducing charge leakage. When the external object leaves the friction layer, the equivalent capacitance of the system changes, generating a potential difference between the liquid metal 2 and the silver cloth array electrode, driving electrons to flow in the external circuit, thereby forming an alternating current. The specific principle is as Figure 2 shown, Figure 2 (a) shows the TENG mechanism of a typical contact-separation mode. When the moving friction layer and the target friction layer are in a separated state, the system is in an electrostatic shielding state and no current output occurs; when the moving friction layer contacts the friction layer 3, the previously shielded charges at the electrode interface are released, resulting in a positive current output ( Figure 2 (b)); as Figure 2 (c) shows, due to the doping of a high dielectric constant material in the friction layer 3, a dipole electric field is formed inside the friction layer 3 under the polarization of the surface electrostatic field. Therefore, more triboelectric charges are captured at the interface between the friction layer 3 and the liquid metal. When the moving friction layer contacts the friction layer 3, a stronger current output is generated ( Figure 2 (d)). Figure 3 is the output voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator in the contact-separation mode. The abscissa is time (s), and the ordinate is voltage (V). Periodic voltage output is achieved through the contact-separation mode, and the single voltage exceeds 200V. Moreover, with continuous contact-separation, due to the charge polarization and storage effects of the high dielectric constant material, the surface triboelectric charges continue to accumulate, so the voltage also continues to accumulate. Therefore, the open-circuit voltage shows an increasing trend. In this embodiment, by doping the friction layer 3 with a high dielectric constant material, the charge storage ability of the triboelectric charges is effectively improved, the charge density per unit area is enhanced, and thus the energy output of the triboelectric nanogenerator is increased.

[0033] In this embodiment, to further optimize the charge storage and transport performance of the friction layer 3, the high-dielectric-constant material in the friction layer 3 adopts a gradient doping distribution, that is, the doping ratio is relatively low in the bottom region close to the liquid metal 2, moderate in the middle region of the friction layer 3, and relatively high in the surface region close to the external contact. Specifically, the doping ratio in the bottom region of the friction layer 3 is set to 3% - 5% to reduce the influence of excessive interfacial polarization on charge transfer, optimize the electron transport path, and improve the current output efficiency; the doping ratio in the middle of the friction layer 3 is set to 5% - 8% to enhance the polarization effect, improve the charge storage capacity, and reduce charge diffusion loss; the doping ratio on the surface of the friction layer 3 is set to 8% - 12% to increase the charge density per unit area, enhance the triboelectric effect, and improve the charge capture ability. Through this gradient doping strategy, the friction layer can achieve the best balance among high charge storage, high output power, and low charge leakage, thereby improving the overall energy conversion efficiency of the triboelectric nanogenerator and ensuring its stability and high-efficiency output during long-term operation.

[0034] Embodiment 2 On the basis of Embodiment 1, a conical protrusion structure is set at the interface between the friction layer 3 and the liquid metal 2, and a highly conductive flexible material is introduced at the bottom of the conical protrusion to improve the charge transfer efficiency and output power. The conical protrusion structure can increase the real contact area of the interface, enhance the triboelectric effect, and form a local electric field concentration effect, improve the charge storage density, and reduce charge leakage. The height of the conical protrusion is set at 1 μm - 10 μm, and the bottom diameter is 500 nm - 5 μm to optimize the interfacial polarization ability and enhance the electron transition efficiency. In addition, a highly conductive flexible material (such as silver nanowires, carbon nanotubes, MXene, or conductive polymers) is coated on the bottom of the conical protrusion to reduce the interface resistance, improve the electron transport efficiency, reduce energy loss, and at the same time enhance the mechanical flexibility and durability of the generator. This optimized design enables the frictional charges to be transferred to the liquid metal electrode faster, improves the charge collection ability and overall power output of the generator, and makes it have higher stability and energy conversion efficiency in wearable devices, intelligent sensors, and environmental energy harvesting applications.

[0035] To simplify the manufacturing process and improve the feasibility of mass production, the conical protrusion structure is replaced with a groove structure, which can not only achieve a similar effect of enhancing charge storage and transfer. The groove structure can be formed on the surface of the friction layer by laser etching, plasma etching, molding or 3D printing technology. Its depth is set at 1 to 10 microns, the groove width is 500 nanometers to 5 microns, and the spacing is 1 to 10 microns to optimize the contact area and the electric field enhancement effect. Compared with the conical protrusion, the groove structure can effectively reduce the mechanical wear of the friction layer, improve the durability, and generate a stronger interfacial electric field during the separation process, promoting electron transition and improving the charge capture ability. In addition, coating the bottom of the groove with a highly conductive flexible material (such as silver nanowires, carbon nanotubes, MXene or PEDOT:PSS) can reduce the interfacial resistance, enhance the charge transfer efficiency, and ensure that the triboelectric nanogenerator can still maintain high-efficiency energy conversion ability during repeated mechanical deformation and friction processes. This optimization scheme is applicable to flexible wearable devices, environmental energy harvesting systems and smart sensors, further improving the manufacturability, stability and application breadth of the device while maintaining high power output.

[0036] To further improve the charge storage capacity and output power of the triboelectric nanogenerator, nanoparticles with high conductivity, high work function or charge capture ability are doped into the liquid metal 2 to optimize the charge transfer path, increase the charge density, and reduce energy loss. Specifically, doping silver (Ag) or gold (Au) nanoparticles (doping ratio 2%-10%) into the liquid metal 2 can enhance the conductivity of the liquid metal, reduce the internal resistance, and improve the electron migration efficiency; doping carbon nanotubes (CNTs, 0.5%-5%) or graphene (1%-5%) can improve the flexibility and mechanical stability of the liquid metal and enhance the electron transfer ability; the doping method uses ultrasonic dispersion or solvent dispersion method (pre-dispersed with ethanol or isopropanol and then mixed) to ensure that the nanoparticles are evenly distributed in the liquid metal 2.

[0037] To further improve the charge storage capacity and transfer efficiency of the triboelectric nanogenerator, graphene flakes are introduced between the liquid metal 2 and the friction layer 3 to form a charge enhancement layer. Due to its ultra-high conductivity and high specific surface area, graphene flakes can effectively increase the interfacial charge density, optimize the charge transfer path, and reduce charge loss. The size of the graphene flakes used is 0.1 - 5 microns, the doping ratio is 1% - 5wt%, and the ultrasonic dispersion method is used to evenly distribute them on the surface of the liquid metal 2 to ensure that the flakes can fully contact the friction layer. During the working process, the friction layer 3 forms an enhanced charge accumulation effect with the graphene flakes during the contact-separation movement, improving the interfacial polarization ability, while optimizing the path for charge transfer to the liquid metal, reducing the interfacial resistance, and improving the overall power generation efficiency.

[0038] Example 3 Based on Example 2, in order to improve the mechanical energy - electrical energy conversion efficiency of the device in flexible and adaptable scenarios (such as human wearable interfaces), further, the liquid metal 2 is a porous liquid metal. Specifically, the liquid metal (GaInSn) is mixed with deionized water at a volume ratio of 1:5, and a liquid metal - water mixed foam is formed by rotating and stirring with a mixer. Then, the moisture is removed by drying in an oven (150 °C, 20 min) to obtain a solid porous liquid metal foam (porosity 50% - 85%, pore diameter 10 - 50 μm). Then, the liquid metal foam particles are uniformly dispersed in a PVDF or FEP solution (doping ratio 5% - 20%), and then a film is formed by the doctor - blade method (film thickness 100 - 200 μm), and a density - automatic stratification structure is formed by the gravity sedimentation effect. After curing, a "composite structure with polymer / liquid metal foam inter - embedded" is formed. A three - dimensional interconnected porous network is formed inside the friction layer. The liquid metal foam serves as a conductive skeleton, and the pores are filled with a high - dielectric material (such as TiO 2 nanoparticles). The top electrode uses a flexible silver nanowire electrode, which conformally adheres to the porous friction layer to ensure efficient charge collection. The liquid metal foam directly serves as the bottom electrode, which is fixed to the substrate (PI film) by laser welding to reduce the interface resistance.

[0039] In this embodiment, the three - dimensional conductive network porous framework of the liquid metal foam provides a high specific surface area and increases the charge capture sites; thus, the interfacial polarization effect is enhanced, and the charge mobility is improved; the pore structure endows the friction layer with elastic deformation ability and improves the volume charge change rate. Therefore, during the contact - separation process of the composite porous friction layer, compression - rebound deformation occurs, and the change in pore volume leads to dynamic adjustment of the charge distribution, increasing the volume charge change rate by 50%; through the design of the three - dimensional porous structure of the liquid metal foam, this scheme combines high conductivity, high elastic deformation, and dielectric enhancement effects, significantly improving the charge density, output power, and environmental adaptability of the triboelectric nanogenerator, and is suitable for low - frequency vibration energy harvesting (such as human motion, mechanical vibration).

[0040] In addition, during application, pre - charging is performed on the surface of the friction layer 3, that is, an external electrostatic field is applied before or during the operation of the friction layer to enhance the initial charge density and improve the triboelectric effect. Through this scheme, triboelectric charges can be accumulated in advance before the TENG starts, increasing the starting voltage and charge storage capacity, so that the TENG can still maintain a high energy conversion efficiency under low - frequency excitation conditions. Traditional TENGs need to undergo multiple frictions to form stable charge accumulation during startup, while the pre - charging technology can form a high output power in the first cycle, improving the startup performance of the TENG and being suitable for transient energy harvesting scenarios such as wireless sensors and emergency power supply devices. In addition, by using the static - electrode pre - charging method, the potential can be dynamically regulated to adapt to different working environments and optimize the power output, which is suitable for intelligent power management systems.

[0041] To optimize the energy output and storage of the triboelectric nanogenerator, the external circuit adopts a circuit design combining rectification, energy storage, and load driving to ensure stable and efficient energy management. The alternating current output by the TENG is converted into direct current through a full-bridge rectifier circuit (composed of four Schottky diodes) for subsequent energy storage and power supply. The rectified direct current is stored in a supercapacitor (such as 10 mF - 100 mF) or a lithium battery (3.7 V), and the voltage is increased through a boost conversion module (such as a DC-DC boost converter with a boost ratio of 2× - 5×) to meet different load requirements. In addition, to improve the output stability, the external circuit integrates a low-power management chip to achieve dynamic energy distribution, enabling the TENG to continuously power low-power sensors, wireless signal transmitters, or wearable devices.

[0042] In summary, the present invention provides a triboelectric nanogenerator with a high dielectric constant material-doped friction layer. The core innovation lies in doping a high dielectric constant material in the friction layer 3 to improve the triboelectric charge storage capacity, optimize the charge transport path, and enhance the energy conversion efficiency. The generator consists of a substrate 1, a liquid metal 2, a friction layer 3, a bottom electrode, and a top electrode. The liquid metal 2 is placed on the substrate 1, the friction layer 3 covers the liquid metal 2, the bottom electrode is connected to the liquid metal, and the top electrode is connected to the friction layer. By doping a high dielectric constant material in the friction layer, the polarization ability of the friction layer 3 is enhanced, the charge storage density per unit area is increased, enabling the triboelectric charges to remain at the interface for a longer time, reducing energy loss, and increasing the overall output power. Compared with traditional triboelectric nanogenerators, the present invention can still maintain high-efficiency energy conversion in a low-frequency mechanical excitation environment and has broad application prospects in the fields of wearable electronics, environmental energy harvesting, self-powered sensing systems, etc.

[0043] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A friction nanogenerator with a high dielectric constant material doped with a friction layer, comprising a substrate, a liquid metal, a friction layer, a bottom electrode, and a top electrode, wherein the liquid metal is placed on the substrate, the friction layer is placed on the liquid metal, the bottom electrode is connected to the liquid metal, and the top electrode is connected to the friction layer, characterized in that: The friction layer is doped with a high dielectric constant material.

2. The triboelectric nanogenerator with a high dielectric constant material doped friction layer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The high dielectric constant material is high dielectric constant material particles.

3. The triboelectric nanogenerator with a high dielectric constant material doped friction layer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The high dielectric constant material is titanium dioxide, zinc oxide or aluminum oxide.

4. The triboelectric nanogenerator with a high dielectric constant material doped friction layer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the friction layer is PVDF or FEP.

5. The triboelectric nanogenerator with a high dielectric constant material doped friction layer as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The size of the high dielectric constant material particles is 30 nanometers to 300 nanometers.

6. The triboelectric nanogenerator with a high dielectric constant material doped friction layer as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The thickness of the friction layer is 50 micrometers to 300 micrometers.

7. The triboelectric nanogenerator with a high dielectric constant material doped friction layer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a silver cloth, which covers the edge of the liquid metal, and the bottom electrode is connected to the silver cloth.

8. The triboelectric nanogenerator with a high dielectric constant material doped friction layer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The top electrode is a silver cloth array electrode.

9. The triboelectric nanogenerator with a high dielectric constant material doped friction layer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: At the interface between the friction layer and the liquid metal, a conical protrusion is provided on the surface of the friction layer.

10. The triboelectric nanogenerator with a high dielectric constant material doped friction layer as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: A highly conductive flexible material is provided at the bottom of the conical protrusion.

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