Replacement of samples in magnetic resonance systems

Abstract

In a general aspect, a sample holder has a plurality of sample containers. In some occasions, the sample holder can be received into a resonator package in a main magnetic field of a magnetic resonance system. The resonator package includes a resonator configured to interact with a sample in the sample region. The sample holder includes a first sample and a calibration sample. The position of the sample holder relative to the resonator is calibrated. After calibrating the position of the sample holder, the sample holder is translated to position the first sample in the sample region. Magnetic resonance data is acquired based on a magnetic resonance signal generated by an interaction between the resonator and the first sample.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 399,455 filed on August 19, 2022 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 494,161 filed on April 4, 2023. U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 399,455 filed on August 19, 2022 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 494,161 are both incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Background Art

[0003] The following description relates to changing samples in a magnetic resonance system.

[0004] Magnetic resonance systems are used to study a variety of types of samples and phenomena. The resonator manipulates the spins in the sample by generating a magnetic field at or near the spin resonance frequency. In some cases, the resonator detects the spins based on the voltage induced by the precessing spins. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0005] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an example magnetic resonance system.

[0006] Figure 2 is a perspective view of an example probe for a magnetic resonance system.

[0007] Figure 3 is a perspective view of an example probeless magnetic resonance package.

[0008] Figure 4 is a perspective view of an example resonator package.

[0009] Figure 5 is a plan view of the interior of an example resonator package, illustrating an example sample holder and an example resonator.

[0010] Figure 6A-6B is a perspective view of an example resonator illustrating the positioning of a sample holder relative to the example resonator.

[0011] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of an example resonator and an example sample holder.

[0012] Figure 8 is a detailed cross-sectional view of an example resonator package showing example positioning guides.

[0013] Fig. 9A is a side view of an example sample holder.

[0014] Fig. 9B yes Fig. 9A A stereoscopic view of the sample holder.

[0015] Fig. 9C yes Fig. 9A Top view of the sample holder.

[0016] Fig.9D yes Fig. 9A End view of the sample holder.

[0017] Fig. 10A is a perspective view illustrating the attachment of an example sample holder to a transfer arm.

[0018] Fig. 10B is a perspective view illustrating the attachment of an example tubular sample holder to a transfer arm.

[0019] Fig.11A is a flow chart illustrating an example process for replacing a sample in a magnetic resonance system using a calibration sample.

[0020] Fig. 11B is a flow chart illustrating an example process for changing a sample in a magnetic resonance system using frequency offset calibration.

[0021] Fig. 11C is an example graph of sample holder position versus frequency offset.

[0022] Fig.11D is an example graph illustrating a resonant frequency shift caused by a sample holder containing samples having different dielectric constants.

[0023] Fig. 12A is a front view of an example sample holder illustrating a sample container having an inlet port.

[0024] Fig. 12B yes Fig. 12A Detailed front view of an example sample holder.

[0025] Fig.13A yes Fig. 12A Side view of an example sample holder.

[0026] Fig. 13B yes Fig. 12A Detailed side view of an example sample holder.

[0027] Fig.14A is a front view of an example sample holder illustrating a sample container and adhesive channel with an offset inlet port.

[0028] Fig. 14B is a front view of an example sample holder illustrating a sample container and an adhesive channel having multiple inlet ports.

[0029] Fig. 14Cis a front view of an example sample holder illustrating the laser welding path.

[0030] Fig.14D is a front view of an example sample holder including adhesive channels and laser welds.

[0031] Fig.15 is an exploded view of an example three-layer sample holder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In some aspects described, the magnetic resonance system includes a sample replacement device that can be used to replace samples. The sample replacement device can include a sample holder that holds multiple magnetic resonance samples. The sample holder can be a box, a tubular device, a barrel, or another type of structure with multiple sample containers. The sample replacement device can include additional components that are used to move the sample changer to a selected position of the resonator relative to the magnetic resonance position; for example, the sample replacement device can include a sample transfer device, an actuator, a control system, or a combination of these components and other components. In some cases, the sample replacement device moves the sample holder from an external environment to a controlled environment near the resonator in the main magnetic field of the magnetic resonance system. Therefore, in a system operating at a refrigeration temperature, multiple samples can be moved from a room temperature and pressure environment to a low temperature and pressure environment together so that the samples can be cooled as a group in a controlled environment near the resonator. The sample holder can then be adjusted within the controlled environment to position any one of the samples in the sample area of ​​the resonator. Therefore, each sample can be selected by the magnetic resonance system and each sample can be measured independently in a manner that does not interfere with the response to each other without removing the sample holder from the controlled environment. Among other advantages, this can increase the sample throughput of the magnetic resonance system.

[0033] In some embodiments, one or more samples in the sample holder are calibration samples. The calibration sample can be used to calibrate the position of the sample holder relative to the resonator in the controlled environment of the magnetic resonance system. For example, the sample replacement device can initially position the calibration sample in the sample area of ​​the resonator (for example, in the resonator or adjacent to the resonator, in the magnetic control field generated by the resonator, in the area where the resonator can magnetically control the spin in the calibration sample), and the sample replacement device can iteratively adjust the position of the sample holder relative to the resonator. In such an iterative process, the magnetic resonance system can move the sample holder through a series of test positions and obtain magnetic resonance data from the calibration sample at each test position. The magnetic resonance data can be analyzed to determine the reference reference position for the sample holder. The reference reference position can be, for example, a test position that obtains the best magnetic resonance signal from the calibration sample. When the sample replacement device subsequently moves any other sample to the sample area for analysis, the reference position can be used as a datum. Because each sample in the sample holder is present in a known position relative to the calibration sample, determining the ideal position for the calibration sample in the sample area allows each sample to be accurately positioned in the ideal position for analysis. In some cases, calibration samples can be used for other purposes, such as monitoring system performance, etc. Calibration samples can be different from the actual test samples, and are typically selected from materials with well-known ESR responses (e.g., PTM, BDPA, etc.). The dimensions of the calibration container can also be different from the dimensions of the actual sample container.

[0034] Aspects of the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented in various types of magnetic resonance systems. For example, the sample replacement device can be implemented in a nuclear magnetic resonance ("NMR") system, an electron spin resonance ("ESR") or an electron paramagnetic resonance ("EPR") system, an optical detection magnetic resonance ("ODMR") or another type of magnetic resonance system. As another example, all or part of the sample replacement device can be deployed on a probe for a magnetic resonance system, or the sample replacement device can be deployed in a probeless magnetic resonance system. In some cases, the sample holder can be suitable for holding liquid samples, solid samples, liquid crystal samples, spin-labeled protein samples, other biological samples (e.g., blood samples, urine samples, saliva samples, etc.) or other types of samples, so as to be measured or otherwise analyzed by a magnetic resonance system. As another example, the sample replacement device can be deployed with a resonator package operating under a refrigeration environment (e.g., at 77K, 4K, millikelvin or other refrigeration temperatures below 273K), or the sample replacement device can be deployed with a resonator package operating at a non-refrigeration temperature including room temperature. The resonator can be, for example, a planar resonator (2D), such as a microstrip, a coplanar waveguide, a split ring, a planar lumped element resonator, or a 3D resonator, such as a rectangular cavity, a cylindrical cavity, a birdcage, a loop gap, a bulk lumped element, a coil, another type of resonator for a magnetic resonance system, or a combination of the above. Additionally, the resonator can be, for example, a rectangular cavity resonator, a cylindrical cavity resonator, a dielectric resonator, a loop gap resonator, or any lumped element resonator.

[0035] In some cases, the systems and techniques described herein can be deployed in conjunction with various refrigeration systems, including, for example, compact closed-cycle systems, open-cycle, liquid refrigeration systems, etc. In some cases, the systems and techniques described herein can be deployed in conjunction with various probes, including compact probe designs that can enable low-noise refrigerated receiver amplifiers to be used in various configurations. In some cases, the techniques and systems described herein can be deployed in conjunction with continuous wave (CW) magnetic resonance (e.g., using CW ESR spectroscopy or CW NMR spectroscopy methodology), pulsed magnetic resonance (e.g., using pulsed ESR spectroscopy or pulsed NMR spectroscopy methodology), or a combination of these and other MR approaches.

[0036] In some embodiments, the systems and techniques described herein can provide technical advantages and improvements over the prior art. As an example, the systems and techniques herein can improve system efficiency, for example, by reducing the amount of time required to change samples in a magnetic resonance system. As another example, the systems and techniques herein can improve the quality of magnetic resonance data and measurements obtained by a magnetic resonance system, for example, by allowing precise positioning of samples in a controlled operating environment of a resonator package. In addition, various samples are measured using the same resonator magnetic field (also known as the "Bl field") and consistent conditions within a single setup, ensuring a degree of uniformity and accuracy that is critical to meaningful comparisons. In some cases, other improvements and advantages may be achieved.

[0037] Aspects of the systems and techniques described herein can be applicable to various types of applications. For example, the systems and techniques described herein can be used for structural biology measurements, such as for measuring structural properties of proteins or protein complexes in biological samples (e.g., blood samples, urine samples, or another type of biological sample). Such measurements can be used for clinical applications (e.g., diagnosis, treatment, etc.), drug discovery / development, and understanding the structure and function of membrane proteins and other applications.

[0038] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an example magnetic resonance system 100. In various embodiments, the magnetic resonance system 100 can be used in, for example, nuclear magnetic resonance ("NMR") spectroscopy, electron spin resonance ("ESR") or electron paramagnetic resonance ("EPR") spectroscopy, nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy ("NQR"), magnetic resonance imaging ("MRI"), or other applications. The magnetic resonance system 100 includes a sample holder 102, which includes a plurality of sample containers 104. In various embodiments, the sample holder 102 is constructed of a material having good dielectric properties (e.g., low tangent loss) and suitable for refrigeration temperatures. In various embodiments, the sample holder 102 can be constructed of, for example, quartz, sapphire, borosilicate glass, or other similar materials. In Figure 1 In the example shown, the sample holder 102 is coupled to a first end of a sample transfer device 106 via an attachment mechanism 108. The sample transfer device 106 is capable of moving the sample holder 102 and positioning the sample holder 102 relative to a resonator 110 in the main magnetic field of the magnetic resonance system 100. In various embodiments, the resonator 110 may be enclosed in a resonator housing or another type of resonator package.

[0039] exist Figure 1In the example shown, the second end of the sample transfer device 106 is coupled to an actuator 112. In operation, the actuator 112 drives the movement of the sample transfer device 106, and in various embodiments can be, for example, a single degree of freedom linear actuator that translates the sample transfer device 106 in a linear manner along the axis of the sample transfer device 106. Examples of single degree of freedom linear actuators include, for example, mechanical linear actuators, electromechanical linear actuators, linear motors, piezoelectric actuators, twisted and curled polymer ("TCP") actuators, hydraulic actuators, pneumatic actuators, or other types of linear actuators. In various embodiments, the actuator 112 can be, for example, a multi-degree of freedom actuator, such as a two-degree of freedom actuator that moves the sample transfer device 106 in a linear manner along two independent (e.g., perpendicular) axes. In various embodiments, such a two-degree of freedom linear actuator can move the sample holder 102 relative to the resonator 110 along a first axis and along a second axis, thereby adjusting the position of the sample holder 102 relative to the resonator 110 along the second axis. In other embodiments, the actuator 112 can be, for example, a three-degree-of-freedom actuator that moves the sample transfer device 106 along two linear axes and rotates the sample transfer device 106 around the axis of the sample transfer device 106. The actuator is coupled to a position control system 115 that controls the operation of the actuator. In various embodiments, the position control system 115 can be, for example, an automatic control system, such as a CNC control system, a PID control system, or other types of controllers. In some cases, the position control system 115 can include or can be implemented as software or firmware running on a computer system (e.g., a microprocessor or another type of data processing device). In some cases, the control mechanism can be a manual control member, such as a caliper, a micrometer, or a hand crank. This can be further enhanced by incorporating a laser pointer.

[0040] exist Figure 1In the example shown, the resonator 110, the sample holder 102, the attachment mechanism 108, and the first end of the sample transfer device 106 are arranged in a controlled environment cooled by the cooling system 114, while the second end of the sample transfer device 106 is arranged outside the controlled environment. The sample transfer device 106 is introduced into the cooling system 114 via an insertion point 113. In various embodiments, the insertion point 113 can be or include a valve, a load lock system, or another type of component that provides environmental isolation. For example, in various embodiments, the insertion point 113 can provide a vacuum pressure environment or a low-pressure gas seal between the controlled environment within the cooling system 114 and the room temperature environment. In various embodiments, the vacuum pressure environment can be a milli-Torr pressure. In various embodiments, the cooling system 114 maintains a cryogenic thermal environment for the resonator 110 and the sample holder 102. In some cases, the cooling system 114 can maintain a refrigerated temperature of the resonator 110 and the sample holder 102. Figure 1 In the example shown, the cooling system 114 is in thermal contact with the resonator 110 and the sample holder 102. In some cases, the cooling system 114 is cooled to a liquid helium temperature (e.g., about 4 Kelvin), a liquid nitrogen temperature (e.g., about 77 Kelvin), or another refrigeration temperature. In some cases, the cooling system 114 includes a dry cryostat. In some cases, the cooling system 114 can be implemented with or without a liquid refrigerant, for example, as a continuous flow helium or nitrogen cryostat (e.g., 4-300 Kelvin), as a variable temperature pulse tube refrigerator (e.g., 3.5-300 Kelvin), a pumped helium cryostat (e.g., 1-10 Kelvin), a helium-3 refrigerator (e.g., 250-400 millikelvin), a dilution refrigerator (e.g., 5-100 millikelvin), or another type of system or combination of systems. In some embodiments, the resonator 110 and the sample holder 102 are both maintained at a refrigeration temperature. In some cases, the resonator 110 and the sample holder 102 are immersed in a refrigerated liquid or refrigerated gas and can be maintained in a vacuum pressure environment during operation. In some cases, the sample holder 102, the resonator 110, or both are maintained at a higher temperature (e.g., room temperature, etc.).

[0041] exist Figure 1 In the example shown, the main magnet system 116 generates a main magnetic field to which the resonator 110 and the sample holder 102 are exposed during operation. In various embodiments, the main magnet system 116 can be located within the cooling system 114 or external to the cooling system 114. The main magnet system 116 generates a magnetic field in a controlled environment of the resonator 110 and the sample holder 102. Figure 1The illustrated example main magnet system 116 can be implemented as a superconducting solenoid, an electromagnet, a permanent magnet, or another type of magnet that generates a main magnetic field. In various embodiments, the magnetic field is uniform over the volume of the sample area defined by the resonator 110. In some cases, the gradient system generates one or more gradient fields that vary spatially over the sample volume. In some cases, the gradient system includes a plurality of independent gradient coils that can generate gradient fields that vary along different spatial dimensions of the sample area.

[0042] exist Figure 1 In the example shown, the ensemble of spins in the sample region of the resonator 110 interacts with the resonator 110. The main magnetic field generated by the main magnet system 116 quantizes the spin state and sets the Larmor frequency of the spin ensemble. For example, control of the spin magnetization can be achieved by a radio frequency or microwave magnetic field generated by the resonator 110. Figure 1 In the example shown, a spin collection can be any collection of particles having non-zero spin that magnetically interact with the applied field of the magnetic resonance system 100. For example, a spin collection can include nuclear spins, electronic spins, or a combination of nuclear spins and electronic spins. Examples of nuclear spins include hydrogen nuclei ( 1 H), carbon-13 nucleus ( 13 C) etc. In some embodiments, the spin ensemble is a collection of identical spin 1 / 2 free electron spins attached to a collection of macromolecules.

[0043] exist Figure 1 In the example shown, the resonator 110 is electrically coupled to a spectrometer system 118. In various embodiments, the spectrometer system 118 acquires magnetic resonance data based on magnetic resonance signals generated by the interaction between the resonator 110 and a magnetic resonance sample contained in the sample holder 102. Typically, the resonator 110 has one or more resonant frequencies and possibly other resonant frequencies or modes. The drive frequency can be adjusted to the resonant frequency of the spins, which is determined by the strength of the main magnetic field and the gyromagnetic ratio of the spins.

[0044] The example spectrometer system 118 is capable of controlling the resonator 110 and Figure 1 Possible other components or subsystems in the magnetic resonance system 100 shown. The spectrometer system 118 is electromagnetically coupled to the resonator 110 (e.g., via a coaxial cable, etc.) and is adapted to communicate with the resonator 110. For example, the spectrometer system 118 can be adapted to provide a voltage or current signal to drive the resonator 110; the spectrometer system 118 can also be adapted to obtain a voltage or current signal from the resonator 110.

[0045] In some cases, the spectrometer system 118 includes or is connected to a controller, a waveform generator, an amplifier, a transmitter / receiver switch, a receiver, a signal processor, and possibly other components. The spectrometer system 118 can include additional or different features (e.g., a gradient waveform generator and gradient electronics, etc.). Figure 1 In the example shown, the spectrometer system 118 is adapted to communicate with one or more external sources (eg, a computer system or another source) and may operate based on input provided by the one or more external sources.

[0046] In some cases, the spectrometer system 118 can operate in multiple operating modes. In one operating mode, the spectrometer system 118 generates a control signal (e.g., a radio frequency signal, a microwave signal, etc.) that is transmitted to the resonator 110 to control the spin system in the sample. In another operating mode, the spectrometer system 118 acquires a magnetic resonance signal from the resonator 110. The magnetic resonance signal can be processed (e.g., digitized) and provided to a computer system for analysis, display, storage, or other actions. The computer system may include one or more digital electronic controllers, microprocessors, or other types of data processing devices. The computer system may include a memory, a processor, and may operate as a general-purpose computer, or the computer system may operate as a specific application device.

[0047] Figure 2 2 is a perspective view of an example probe 202 that can be used in various embodiments with the magnetic resonance system 100 or another type of system. The probe 202 includes a linear support element 204 that extends from a portion of a cooling system (e.g., Figure 1 The probe 202 may include a plurality of linear support 204 elements, such as two elements, three elements, or more. The heat shield 208 is coupled to the linear support element 204 and provides thermal insulation between the refrigerated thermal environment provided by the cooling system and the external ambient environment. In various embodiments, the probe 202 may include a plurality of heat shields 208, such as two heat shields 208, three heat shields 208, or more.

[0048] exist Figure 2In the example shown, the sample transfer arm 201 extends through the anchor plate 203 and through the heat shield 208 in a manner generally parallel to the linear support element 204. The sample transfer arm 201 is arranged in the guide tube 207. In various embodiments, the sample transfer arm 201 is a long rod or another type of structure composed of a material with low thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient. In various embodiments, the sample transfer arm 201 can be formed of, for example, high-pressure glass fiber (e.g., G-10 glass fiber laminate) impregnated with epoxy resin. The sample holder (e.g., Figure 1 The sample holder 102 shown is connected to the first end of the sample transfer arm 201. The resonator (e.g., Figure 1 The resonator package 206 of the resonator 110 is shown coupled to a support plate 205 opposite the linear support element 204 .

[0049] Figure 3 306 is a perspective view of an example resonator package 206 in a probeless magnetic resonance system. In various embodiments, the resonator package 206 is coupled to a mounting structure 302. The mounting structure 302 is disposed in a cooling system (e.g., Figure 1 The sample mount 302 is a structure that is mounted on a resonator package 206 and provides a fixed position for the resonator package 206 within the cooling system 114 shown. In various embodiments, the mounting structure 302 is made of a material with high thermal conductivity and provides cooling of the resonator package 206 through electrical (galvanic) contact. Additionally, the mounting structure 302 can be used to position the resonator package in three-dimensional space relative to the main magnetic field. An empty space should be left in the center of the sample mount so that there is enough room for the sample holder to be removed through the bottom slot of the resonator package. In various embodiments, this positioning can be achieved by using, for example, a linear actuator, a rotary actuator, or a combination of a linear actuator and a rotary actuator. The sample transfer arm 201 extends from the resonator package 206 through the guide tube 207 and outside the refrigerated thermal environment. For ease of illustration, Figure 3 The resonator package 206 is shown without a lid so that the location of the example sample holder 306 is visible. Figure 3 In the illustrated configuration, the linear support structure 204 and the heat shield 208 are omitted.

[0050] Figure 4 is a perspective view of an example resonator package 206. Figure 4In the view shown, the lid of the resonator package 206 has been removed so that the example resonator chip 420 and the sample holder 306 are visible. The example resonator package 206 includes a housing 402 and a package insert 404. The resonator floor 406 is cantilevered from the package insert 404. In various embodiments, the resonator floor 406 is composed of a conductive material (e.g., copper or other conductive material). This choice ensures that the resonator has a reliable electrical ground. The resonator chip 420 is coupled to the surface of the resonator floor 406. The resonator chip 420 includes a dielectric substrate 408, a ground plane (not shown) on a first side of the substrate 408 that contacts the resonator floor 404, and a conductor 410 on an opposite second side of the substrate 408. In various embodiments, the resonator may include additional or different features, and the components of the resonator may be as shown. Figure 4 Configured as shown or configured in another manner.

[0051] exist Figure 4 In the example shown, the dielectric substrate 408 may be made of a dielectric material (eg, sapphire, silicon, MgO 2 、LaAlO 3 or another type of non-magnetic dielectric crystalline material). In some embodiments, the conductive material on the dielectric substrate (e.g., ground plane, conductor 410, etc.) can be made of non-superconducting materials (e.g., gold, copper or other conductive materials), superconducting materials (e.g., niobium, niobium titanium, niobium nitride, aluminum, yttrium barium copper oxide (also known as "YBCO"), magnesium diboride), or a combination thereof. In addition, enhancements to resonator behavior can be achieved by implementing various techniques. These techniques include utilizing composite layers, multilayer films composed of different superconducting materials and ordinary conductive materials, or incorporating arrays of holes, grooves, dielectrics, or metal centers. In various embodiments, the conductive material can be deposited on substrate 408 by a deposition process or other type of production process. In various embodiments, substrate 408 can be etched or otherwise modified based on standard production processes.

[0052] In some embodiments, the ground plane and conductor 410 can be implemented as thin films on opposite sides of the dielectric substrate 408. Figure 4 In the example shown, the ground plane and conductor 410 define a microstrip transmission line structure. In general, a microstrip transmission line structure can include any conductive material (non-superconducting or superconducting) on ​​a first surface of a dielectric substrate separated from a ground plane on an opposite surface of the dielectric substrate.

[0053] exist Figure 4In the example shown, the example sample holder 306 is coupled to the sample transfer arm 201. During operation, the sample transfer arm 201 translates the sample holder 306 into the housing 402 so that one of the sample containers formed on the sample holder 306 is located within the sample area 502 (e.g., Figure 5 4). A toe clamp 414 is attached to the resonator base plate 406 and includes a slot 416 formed therein. During operation, the sample holder 306 is received by the slot 416. Thus, during operation, the toe clamp 414 overhangs the surface of the resonator chip 420 and facilitates proper alignment of the sample holder 306 relative to the resonator chip 420 in two dimensions. In some cases, to ensure a controlled height of the sample container relative to the resonator, a mechanical element such as a pedestal or tensioner (metallic or dielectric) may be employed.

[0054] Figure 5 4 is a plan view of an example resonator package 206 with the housing 402 removed to show structural features. As shown, the resonator base plate 406 extends upward from the package insert 404. The resonator chip 420 is coupled to the resonator base plate 406. The conductor 410 is formed on the surface of the resonator chip 420. Figure 5 In the example shown, conductor 410 forms a planar conductive path; however, in other embodiments, conductor 410 can be of any shape and in some cases can be non-planar. For example, in various embodiments, conductor 410 can form a coil or a birdcage resonator.

[0055] exist Figure 5 In the example shown, microstripline resonators of the resonator chip 420 define a sample area of ​​the resonator chip 420 . Figure 5 The sample area of ​​the resonator chip 420 is schematically illustrated by line 502. In various embodiments, the sample can be positioned in the sample area 502 to increase or maximize the filling factor. The magnetic field generated by the resonator 420 can be expressed as any point in three-dimensional space according to the following formula: B 1 The field strength vector is used to describe it.

[0056]

[0057] The filling factor is a dimensionless parameter that describes how much of the total magnetic energy of the resonator field is contained in the sample and can be calculated according to the following formula.

[0058]

[0059] in In general, the spatial field curve of the simulated resonator 420 (which is expressed as ) to calculate the fill factor.

[0060] exist Figure 5 In the example shown, the sample holder 306 is coupled to the sample transfer arm 201. Actuation of the sample transfer arm 201 facilitates movement of the sample holder 306 relative to the sample area 502 defined by the microstrip line resonator so that a selected sample container 504 can be aligned with the sample area 502 of the resonator 420. The toe clip 414 facilitates accurate alignment of the sample holder 306 with the resonator chip 420.

[0061] During operation, each sample container 504 formed in the sample holder 306 contains a sample for magnetic resonance analysis. The sample holder 306 is moved via the actuation of the sample transfer arm 201, allowing one sample container 504 to be positioned in the sample area 502 of the resonator at a time. The calibration sample container 104A can contain a calibration sample. When the calibration sample is positioned in the sample area 502, the positioning of the sample holder 306 relative to the resonator can be calibrated. After the calibration is completed, the sample holder 306 is moved so that another sample container 504 containing a sample for analysis is positioned in the sample area 502 of the resonator. When the magnetic resonance analysis of a sample is completed, the sample holder 306 is moved again to position different sample containers 504 for analyzing different samples. Therefore, the sample holder 306 is conducive to calibrating and testing multiple samples at a refrigeration temperature without removing the sample from the refrigeration thermal environment. Such a configuration increases the throughput of magnetic resonance analysis.

[0062] Figure 6A-6B is a perspective view of the resonator 420 illustrating the positioning of the sample holder relative to the resonator 420 . Fig. 6A The sample holder 306 is shown in a first position, wherein a sample container 504 (eg, Figure 5 ) is positioned in the sample area 502 (as shown Figure 5 Additionally, Fig. 6A The sample holder 306 is illustrated as being an elongated prism having a plurality of planar outer surfaces in various embodiments. In such embodiments, the sample container 504 can be implemented as a channel formed in one of the planar outer surfaces. Figure 6B Another example sample holder 602 is illustrated in a second position, wherein a sample container 604 may be aligned with the sample region 502 of the resonator 420 . Figure 6B It is also illustrated that in some embodiments, the sample holder 602 can be, for example, an elongated cylindrical body defining a side surface, and the sample container 604 is a channel defined in the side surface.

[0063] Figure 7 4 is a cross-sectional view of an example package insert 404, illustrating the resonator 420 and the sample holder 306. Figure 7 As shown, the resonator base plate 406 is cantilevered from the package insert 404. The resonator chip 420 is arranged on the surface of the resonator base plate 406. The sample holder 306 is received through the toe clip 414 and positioned adjacent to the resonator chip 420 by the sample transfer arm 201. The sample transfer arm 201 passes the sample holder 306 through the positioning guide 702, which is arranged on the housing 402 (such as Figure 4 The positioning guide 702 may be cylindrical in shape and include a notch 704 formed at the bottom edge. When assembled, the notch 704 engages with the cantilever edge of the resonator bottom plate 406. This configuration stabilizes the free edge of the resonator bottom plate 406. Figure 4 During assembly (as shown), the package insert 404 is assembled to the housing 402 via, for example, screws received through holes 706. During assembly, the positioning guides 702 are removed from the housing 402 in an effort to prevent damage to the resonator base plate 406 or the resonator chip 420. After the package insert 404 is assembled to the housing 402, the positioning guides 702 are inserted to secure the free edge of the resonator base plate 406.

[0064] exist Figure 7 In the example shown, the interaction of the notch 704 with the resonator base plate 406 and the interaction of the sample transfer arm 201 with the positioning guide 702 ensures the proper spacing between the sample holder 306 and the resonator chip 420. In various embodiments, the toe clamp 414 may include an actuable compression element (not explicitly shown) that presses the sample holder 306 toward the resonator chip 420 during magnetic resonance data acquisition. In various embodiments, the compression element may be, for example, a wedge-shaped element that is received in a groove 416 formed in the toe clamp 414 and presses the sample holder 306 into engagement with the resonator chip 420. In various embodiments, the compression element may be mechanically actuated, electrically actuated, or a combination of both. In other embodiments, the compression element may be, for example, hydraulically actuated, pneumatically actuated, or piezoelectric.

[0065] Figure 84 is a detailed view of the positioning guide 702, the resonator base plate 406, the sample holder 306, and the resonator 420. The notch 704 formed in the positioning guide 702 secures the free end of the resonator base plate 406. This facilitates the positioning of the resonator base plate 406 and helps ensure that the sample holder 306 is properly spaced apart from the resonator 420 when the sample holder 306 is received in the positioning guide 702. The toe clip 414 also ensures proper positioning of the sample holder 306 relative to the resonator 420. Figure 8 As shown, in various embodiments, a cover slip 802 is used in conjunction with a sample holder 306. The cover slip 802 is placed above the sample holder 306 and seals the sample container 504, thereby preventing the sample contained therein from escaping. A plurality of ports 804 can be formed in the cover slip 802. The port 804 provides fluid communication with the sample container 504 and allows a liquid sample to be loaded into the sample container 504 without removing the cover slip 802. In various embodiments, after the sample is loaded into the sample container 504, the port 804 can be blocked or sealed, for example, with an adhesive, wax, or another material without a magnetic resonance signal. The sealing of the port 804 prevents the sample from being lost via, for example, evaporation or other mechanisms.

[0066] Fig. 9A is a side view of the sample holder 306. Fig. 9B is a perspective view of the sample holder 306 . Fig. 9C is a plan view of the sample holder 306 . Fig.9D is an end view of the sample holder 306. Figure 9A-9D In the example shown, the sample holder 306 is a prism having multiple planar surfaces, and the sample container 504 is formed on one of the planar surfaces. In various embodiments, the sample container 504 can have a 3D profile to improve spectral fidelity. One of the sample containers 504A contains a calibration sample that is used to calibrate the positioning of the sample holder 306 relative to the resonator 420. In various embodiments, the sample container 306 can be barcoded or otherwise marked to verify authenticity and identify the specific calibration sample contained in the sample container 504A. The sample containers 504 are spaced a known distance from each other. In various embodiments, the sample containers 504 can be spaced a uniform distance from each other, or they can be spaced in another configuration. The sample containers 504 are spaced apart from each other so that adjacent samples do not electromagnetically interfere with the sample being measured. This known spacing between the sample containers 504 allows the sample container 504A containing the calibration sample to be positioned in the sample area 502 (such as Figure 5 ), to calibrate the position of the sample holder 306 relative to the resonator 420.

[0067] During calibration, the Figure 1 The actuator 112 shown in Figure 1 actuates the sample transfer arm 201 to adjust the position of the sample holder 306 so that the best signal is obtained from the calibration sample contained in the sample container 504A. For example, the sample holder 306 can be adjusted to determine that the magnetic resonance data from the calibration sample meets one or more calibration standards or optimizes the position of the metric. In various embodiments, the position is used as a reference point to move to other sample containers 504 in the sample holder 306. After calibration is completed, the sample holder 306 can be moved to position another sample container 504 in the sample area 502 to carry out the magnetic resonance analysis of the first sample. In various embodiments, the calibration sample included in the sample container 504A can also allow the performance of the monitoring magnetic resonance system, for example, by comparing the result with the factory test result of the same calibration sample. After completing the magnetic resonance analysis of the first sample, the sample holder 306 can be moved again to position different sample containers 504 in the sample area 502 to complete the magnetic resonance analysis of the second sample. After completing the magnetic resonance analysis of the second sample, the sample holder 306 may be moved relative to the resonator 420 again to perform magnetic resonance analysis on the third sample. This process may be iteratively performed until all samples contained in the sample holder 306 have been analyzed.

[0068] exist Figure 9A-9D In the example shown, the cover sheet 802 can be used in conjunction with the sample holder 306 in some embodiments. In such embodiments, the cover sheet 802 is placed on the sample holder 306 to cover the sample container 504. In some embodiments, the cover sheet 802 can be bonded to the sample holder 306 via, for example, a chemical adhesive. In other embodiments, the cover sheet 504 and the sample holder 306 can remain detachable.

[0069] Fig. 10A 1 is a perspective view illustrating one possible method of attaching the prismatic sample holder 102 to the transfer arm 201. A hole 1002A is formed in the upper portion of the sample holder 102, and a corresponding hole is formed in the sample transfer arm 201 at the attachment point. A recess 1003A is formed in the bottom surface of the sample transfer arm 201. The recess 1003A receives the proximal end of the sample holder 102. When the sample holder 102 is received in the recess 1003A, the sample holder 102 can be secured to the sample transfer arm 201 using a threaded member (e.g., a setscrew 1004). Fig. 10A The principles discussed may be applied to any embodiment of a sample holder described in the present disclosure, such as sample holder 102, 306, 602, 1202, 1402, 1450, 1501, or another sample holder.

[0070] Fig. 10B 1 is a perspective view illustrating the attachment of the tubular sample holder 602 to the transfer arm 201. A hole 1002B is formed in the upper portion of the sample holder 602, and a corresponding hole is formed in the sample transfer arm 201 at the point of attachment. A recess 1003B is formed in the bottom surface of the sample transfer arm 201. The recess 1003B receives the proximal end of the sample holder 602. When the sample holder 602 is received in the recess 1003A, the sample holder 602 can be secured to the sample transfer arm 201 using a threaded member (e.g., a set screw 1004). Figure 10A-10B and Figure 6A-6B As shown, the sample holder may incorporate different shapes and forms and is not limited to the forms and shapes described herein.

[0071] Fig.11A 1 is a flow chart illustrating a process 1100 of replacing a sample in a magnetic resonance system using a calibration sample. In various embodiments, the magnetic resonance system may be the one described above with respect to Figure 1 The example magnetic resonance system 100 discussed, or another type of magnetic resonance system. The example process 1100 may include additional or different operations, and these operations may be performed in the order shown or in another order. In some cases, one or more operations may be repeated, omitted, or performed in other ways.

[0072] At 1110, a sample holder is received into the resonator package. The sample holder can be, for example, Figure 1 The example sample holder 102 shown, Figure 2 -Figure 9 or Figure 13- Fig.15 The resonator package is operated in the main magnetic field of the main magnet system. The resonator package can be arranged in a refrigerated thermal environment controlled by a cooling system. The translation of the sample holder is performed by a sample transfer device (e.g., Figure 2 In various embodiments, the sample transfer device can be used in conjunction with a probe (e.g., Figure 2 ); however, in other embodiments, the probe may be omitted (e.g., as Figure 3 ). The positioning guide may facilitate positioning of the sample holder relative to the resonator.

[0073] Sample holders of various shapes or forms can be used. A plurality of sample containers are formed in the sample holder. In some embodiments, the sample container can be a plurality of channels formed, for example, in the surface of the sample holder. The sample containers can be separated from each other by uniform distances, or otherwise spaced apart. In some embodiments, the sample containers are separated by known but uneven distances. In some embodiments, a cover sheet can be used in conjunction with a sample holder. In some embodiments, a plurality of ports are formed in the cover sheet to provide access to the sample container.

[0074] At 1120, the sample holder is translated so that the sample container containing the calibration sample is positioned in the sample area of ​​the resonator. In some embodiments, translating the sample holder includes moving the sample holder along a single axis. In other embodiments, translating the sample holder includes moving the sample holder along multiple axes, for example, including linearly moving along two axes or rotationally moving the sample holder about one or more axes. The translation of the sample holder is achieved by an actuator, which can be a mechanical actuator, an electromechanical actuator, or a mechanical actuator as described above. Figure 1 Actuator of any type described.

[0075] At 1130, the position of the sample holder relative to the resonator is calibrated. In some embodiments, the position of the calibration sample holder determines a base reference position of the sample holder. The base reference position can be a position where the magnetic resonance signal obtained from the calibration sample meets a calibration standard or optimization metric. For example, the base reference position can be a position where the observed signal-to-noise ratio is the highest (or above a threshold), a position where the observed signal intensity is the highest (or above a threshold), a position where the observed line width is the smallest, or a combination of these or other criteria can be used to select the base reference position. The calibration process of the sample holder position typically includes acquiring magnetic resonance signals from the calibration sample at multiple test positions in the sample area of ​​the resonator, and analyzing the magnetic resonance signals to identify one of the test positions as an ideal position for the calibration sample.

[0076] At 1140, the sample holder is translated to position a selected sample container containing a selected sample for magnetic resonance analysis in a sample area of ​​the resonator. The fiducial reference position is used as a reference point when the selected sample container is translated to the sample area. In this way, the known spacing between the sample containers combined with the knowledge of the fiducial reference position can ensure that the first sample is translated to the correct position relative to the resonator, for example, an ideal position for magnetic resonance analysis.

[0077] At 1150, magnetic resonance data is acquired from the selected sample. The magnetic resonance data is generated by the interaction between the selected sample in the resonator and the sample area. In various embodiments, after the first sample in the first sample container is subjected to magnetic resonance analysis, the sample holder can be translated again to position the second sample container containing the second sample in the sample area of ​​the resonator. When the second sample is translated to the sample area, the reference reference position can be used as a reference reference point again. Once the second sample is positioned in the sample area, magnetic resonance data can be acquired from the interaction between the second sample and the resonator. In various embodiments, this sequence can be repeated for a third sample, a fourth sample, or more samples. Therefore, magnetic resonance analysis can be performed on multiple samples without removing the sample holder from the refrigeration thermal environment.

[0078] Fig. 11B 1 is a flow chart illustrating a process 1102 of changing a sample in a magnetic resonance system using frequency offset calibration. In various embodiments, the magnetic resonance system may be the one described above with respect to Figure 1 The example magnetic resonance system 100 discussed may be another type of magnetic resonance system. The example process 1102 may include additional or different operations, and these operations may be performed in the order shown or in another order. In some cases, one or more operations may be repeated, omitted, or performed in other ways.

[0079] At 1112, a sample holder is received into the resonator package. The sample holder can be, for example, Figure 1 The example sample holder 102 shown, Figure 2 -Figure 9 or Figure 13- Fig.15 The resonator package is operated in the main magnetic field of the main magnet system. The resonator package can be arranged in a refrigerated thermal environment controlled by a cooling system. The translation of the sample container is controlled by a sample transfer device (e.g., Figure 2 In various embodiments, the sample transfer device can be used in conjunction with a probe (e.g., Figure 2 ); however, in other embodiments, the probe may be omitted (e.g., as Figure 3 ). The positioning guide may facilitate positioning of the sample holder relative to the resonator.

[0080] Sample holders of various shapes or forms can be used. A plurality of sample containers are formed in the sample holder. In some embodiments, the sample container can be a plurality of channels formed, for example, in the surface of the sample holder. The sample containers can be separated from each other by uniform distances, or otherwise spaced apart. In some embodiments, the sample containers are separated by known but uneven distances. In some embodiments, a cover sheet can be used in conjunction with a sample holder. In some embodiments, a plurality of ports are formed in the cover sheet to provide access to the sample container.

[0081] At 1122, the sample holder is translated so that the leading edge of the sample holder begins to interact with the electric field generated by the resonator. In various embodiments, the translation of the sample holder can be as follows: Fig.11A The interaction between the sample holder and the electric field of the resonator causes the resonant frequency of the resonator to shift. The sample holder has a dielectric constant higher than that of a vacuum, which causes the effective dielectric constant of the resonator to change, thereby generating a frequency represented by ∈ eff Therefore, the resonant frequency of the resonator can be expressed according to the following equation:

[0082]

[0083] where "l" is the length of the planar λ / 2-resonator and "c" is the speed of light. remains unchanged. Therefore, if the new ∈ eff If the effective dielectric constant of the resonator is greater than that of the resonator without the sample holder, the resonant frequency will be lowered. Fig.11D This phenomenon is illustrated in Figure 1162, which illustrates the resonant frequency shift caused by sample holders of different dielectric constants. In addition, when the dielectric constant of the sample within the container is different from the dielectric constant of the material constituting the sample container, the resonant frequency will experience a shift based on the distance between the sample and the resonator. This shift is shown in Figure 1163. Fig. 11C and Fig.11D , which is a graph 1160 of sample holder position versus resonant frequency shift. Fig. 11C As shown, at a distance of about -4 mm to about -2 mm, the shift in resonant frequency is about zero. At a position of about 2 mm relative to the resonator, the resonant frequency shifts by about 30 MHz. At a position of about 4 mm, the resonant frequency shifts by about 50 MHz. The shape of the resonant frequency shift versus sample holder position curve is repeatable. Thus, the position of the sample holder relative to the resonator can be determined by monitoring the resonant frequency of the resonator, which can be done more quickly than monitoring the spin signal. For example, Fig. 11CAs shown, a resonant frequency shift of about 20 MHz-30 MHz corresponds to the edge of the sample holder being aligned with the middle of the resonator. This position is then used as a base reference position to facilitate translation of the sample holder, thereby aligning each sample container with the resonator with high precision. In addition to monitoring the frequency shift curve of the resonator to determine the position of the sample, the curves of other resonator parameters, such as Q factor and insertion loss, can also be measured and tracked. These measurements can be made as the position of the sample holder is adjusted relative to the resonator.

[0084] At 1132, the position of the sample holder is calibrated relative to the resonator. In some embodiments, calibrating the position of the sample holder determines a base reference position of the sample holder. The base reference position can be a position where the resonant frequency shift of the resonator indicates that the leading edge of the sample holder is aligned with the center of the resonator. As described above, the process of calibrating the position of the sample holder can include measuring the shift of the resonant frequency of the resonator to determine the exact position of the sample holder.

[0085] At 1142, the sample holder is translated to position a selected sample container containing a selected sample for magnetic resonance analysis in a sample area of ​​the resonator. The fiducial reference position is used as a reference point when the selected sample container is translated to the sample area. In this way, the known spacing between the sample containers combined with the knowledge of the fiducial reference position can ensure that the first sample is translated to the correct position relative to the resonator, for example, an ideal position for magnetic resonance analysis.

[0086] At 1152, magnetic resonance data is acquired from the selected sample. The magnetic resonance data is generated by the interaction between the selected sample in the resonator and the sample area. In various embodiments, after the first sample in the first sample container is subjected to magnetic resonance analysis, the sample holder can be translated again to position the second sample container containing the second sample in the sample area of ​​the resonator. When the second sample is translated to the sample area, the reference reference position can be used as a reference reference point again. Once the second sample is positioned in the sample area, magnetic resonance data can be acquired from the interaction between the second sample and the resonator. In various embodiments, this sequence can be repeated for a third sample, a fourth sample, or more samples. Therefore, magnetic resonance analysis can be performed on multiple samples without removing the sample holder from the refrigeration thermal environment.

[0087] Fig. 12A is a front view of an example sample holder 1202 , illustrating a sample container 1204 . Fig. 12B is a detailed front view of the sample container 1204. Fig.13A is a side view of an example sample holder 1202 illustrating a sample container 1204 . Fig. 13B1 is a detailed side view of the sample container 1204. The sample container 1204 includes a sample cavity 1206, which is fluidically coupled to a first port 1208 via a first channel 1210. The sample cavity 1206 is also fluidically coupled to a second port 1212 via a second channel 1214. The first port 1208 and the second port 1212 are offset from the sample cavity 1206 and are arranged on opposite sides of the sample cavity 1206. During operation, the first port 1208 can be used as a filling port through which a magnetic resonance sample is added to the sample cavity 1206. In this configuration, the second port 1212 acts as an air escape port to facilitate filling the sample cavity 1206. In other embodiments, the second port 1212 can be used as a filling port, and the first port 1208 can be used as an air escape port. Therefore, the first port 1208 and the second port 1212 are functionally interchangeable.

[0088] exist Fig. 12A , Fig. 12B , Fig.13A , Fig. 13B In the example shown, the filling port is sized to receive a pipette tip so that a pipette (e.g., a standard sized pipette) can be used to fill the sample chamber 1206. In various embodiments, the volume of the sample chamber 1206 ranges from about 1 μL to about 15 μL, which is the amount that the pipette can handle. In other embodiments, the sample chamber 1206 can be less than about 1 μL. In other embodiments, the sample chamber 1206 can be greater than 15 μL. The tip outer diameter (Ods) of a standard disposable pipette tip can be as low as about 500 μm. In various embodiments, the diameter of the first port 1208 and the second port 1212 is about 600 μm, so that such a standard pipette tip can be inserted into the port to transfer liquid into the sample chamber. Having a filling port that can be inserted into the pipette tip simplifies the filling process and can also enable or enhance an automated filling process. In the example shown, the filling port extends through the first layer 1302 (typically about 250 microns) of the sample holder 1202, such as Fig. 13B shown.

[0089] Generally speaking, while larger fill ports can simplify the filling process, they can also allow for higher evaporation rates of the sample solution. Extensive evaporation can cause bubbles to form in the sample solution and change the concentration of the sample solution, which is undesirable. Fig. 12A , Fig. 12B , Fig.13A , Fig. 13BIn the example shown, the first channel 1210 and the second channel 1214 can be used to reduce or avoid evaporation of the sample solution. As shown, the first channel 1210 and the second channel 1214 have a small cross-section (smaller than the cross-section of the ports 1208 and 1212) and form a flow path that connects the first port 1208 and the second port 1212 to the sample chamber 1206 fluid. Figure 13A-13B As shown, the first channel 1210 and the second channel 1214 can be implemented as grooves in the two substrates constituting the sample holder 1202, and can be small, for example, having a cross-sectional area of ​​50 μm×50 μm (e.g., about 100 times smaller than a filling port with a diameter of 600 μm). In other embodiments, the first channel 1210 and the second channel 1214 can be as small as, for example, having a cross-sectional area of ​​10 μm×10 μm (e.g., about 2500 times smaller). The first channel 1210 and the second channel 1214 extend from the first port 1208 and the second port 1212 to opposite corners of the sample cavity 1206, respectively. Such a configuration can allow gas to be discharged from the sample cavity 1206 during the filling process, and can prevent bubbles from remaining in the sample cavity 1206 after filling. The small volume of the first channel 1210 and the second channel 1214 can also limit the amount of sample present outside the resonator mode volume (where the resonator field is low) to limit RF inhomogeneities.

[0090] The relatively large, deep, and offset nature of the first port 1208 and the second port 1212 enables the use of a sealant in some embodiments to reduce or prevent evaporation of the magnetic resonance sample from the sample chamber 1206. In various embodiments, materials such as adhesives, epoxies, waxes, or clays may be dispensed into the first port 1208 and the second port 1212 after sample filling is complete. The offset nature of the first port 1208 and the second port 1212 means that the effect of the sealing material on the magnetic resonance signal from the magnetic resonance sample will be reduced. In other embodiments, the first port 1208 and the second port 1212 may not be sealed.

[0091] like Fig. 13BAs illustrated in the example of , the sample holder 1202 can be formed by a first layer 1302 bonded to a second layer 1304. In various embodiments, the bonding of the first layer 1302 to the second layer 1304 can be achieved via, for example, laser welding, chemical adhesives, contact bonding, combinations thereof, or other bonding methods. A plurality of first etchings 1306 are formed in the first layer 1302, and a plurality of second etchings 1308 are formed in the second layer 1304. In various embodiments, the plurality of first etchings 1306 and the plurality of second etchings 1308 extend partially through the thickness of the first layer 1302 and the second layer 1304, respectively. In various embodiments, the plurality of first etchings 1306 and the plurality of second etchings 1308 define portions of the sample cavity 1206, the first port 1208, and the second port 1212, such that the sample cavity 1206, the first port 1208, and the second port 1212 are formed when the first layer 1302 is aligned and bonded to the second layer 1304. In embodiments where the first port 1208 and the second port 1212 are offset from the sample chamber 1206, the plurality of first etches 1306 and the plurality of second etches 1308 may also define portions of the first channel 1210 and the second channel 1214, such that when the first layer 1302 is aligned and bonded to the second layer 1304, the first channel 1210 and the second channel 1212 are also formed. Figure 12A-12B and Figure 13A-13B The principles discussed may be applied to any embodiment of a sample holder described in the present disclosure, such as sample holder 102, 306, 602, 1402, 1450, 1501, or another sample holder.

[0092] Fig.14A 1402 is a front view of an example sample holder 1402, illustrating a sample container 1404 with an offset port and an adhesive channel 1408. In various embodiments, the sample holder 1402 may be similar to Figure 13A-13B 1402. The sample holder 1402 includes a sample container 1404. The sample container 1404 includes a first port 1410 that is offset from the sample cavity 1406 and fluidically coupled to the sample cavity 1406 via a first channel 1412 and a second port 1414 that is offset from the sample cavity 1406 and fluidically coupled to the sample cavity 1406 via a second channel 1416.

[0093] In various embodiments, a first adhesive port 1418 and a second adhesive port 1420 are formed in the sample holder 1402. The first adhesive port 1418 and the second adhesive port 1420 are fluidly coupled to an adhesive channel 1408 defined in the sample holder 1402. The adhesive channel 1408 defines a fluid path around each sample container 1404. During operation, a chemical adhesive is injected into the first adhesive port 1418. When air is exhausted through the second adhesive port 1420, the chemical adhesive fills the adhesive channel 1408. The chemical adhesive helps the layers of the sample holder 1402 (e.g., Fig. 13B 1302 and the second layer 1304 as shown in FIG. 1304. In various embodiments, the chemical adhesive injected into the bonding channel 1408 can be used alone, or in other embodiments, the chemical adhesive can be used in combination with other bonding methods (for example, including laser welding or contact bonding).

[0094] The vent port 1424 is fluidly coupled to the sample cavity 1406. In various embodiments, the vent port 1424 can be formed in a corner of the sample cavity 1406 opposite the first port 1410 and the second port 1412; however, in other embodiments, the vent port 1424 can be located elsewhere and fluidly coupled to the sample cavity 1406. How the sample cavity 1406 fills depends on the wetting characteristics of the material of the sample holder 1402 by the sample solution. In some cases, the solution first fills the perimeter of the sample cavity 1406, and in some cases can block the first port 1410 and the second port 1414 before the sample cavity 1406 is completely filled, leaving trapped bubbles in the sample cavity 1406. Adding the vent port 1424 to the sample cavity 1406 facilitates the escape of air from the sample cavity 1406 and facilitates complete filling of the sample cavity 1406.

[0095] Fig. 14B 14 is a front view of an example sample holder 1450, illustrating a sample container 1456 having a plurality of ports 1458 and an adhesive channel 1460. In various embodiments, the sample holder 1450 is constructed and operates similarly to the sample holder 1402. However, the sample holder 1450 omits the first port 1410, the second port 1414, the first channel 1412, and the second channel 1416. For example, the sample holder 1450 includes four ports 1458 that are fluidly coupled to the sample chamber 1406. During operation, one of the ports 1458 can be used for sample loading, while the remaining ports 1458 can be used for air escape. Figure 14A-14B The principles discussed may be applied to any embodiment of a sample holder described in the present disclosure, such as sample holder 102, 306, 602, 1202, 1501, or another sample holder.

[0096] Fig. 14C is a front view of an example sample holder 1470 illustrating a laser welding path 1472 . Fig.14D 1470 is a front view of an example sample holder 1470 including an adhesive channel 1476. Figure 14C-Figure 14D The principles discussed can be applied to any embodiment of the sample holder described in the present disclosure, such as sample holder 102, 306, 602, 1202, 1501 or another sample holder. Laser welding is a joining process that uses a focused laser beam to generate heat and pressure. Laser welding is a precise process that minimizes thermal deformation and thermal stress on sample holder 1770. Laser welding path 1472 is arranged around the periphery of sample container 1474. Laser welding path 1472 indicates the path taken by the laser welder and the location of the laser weld on sample holder 1470. As shown in FIG. Fig.14D As illustrated, laser welding can be used in conjunction with adhesive channels 1476. In various embodiments, the adhesive channels can be similar to adhesive channels 1408 described above. The combined use of adhesive channels 1476 and laser welding paths 1472 facilitates a secure bonding of the layers of sample holder 1470.

[0097] Fig.15 1501. The sample holder 1202 can be formed by a first layer 1502 bonded to a second layer 1504 and a third layer 1506. In various embodiments, the bonding of the first layer 1502 to the second layer 1504 and the third layer 1506 can be achieved via, for example, laser welding, chemical adhesives, contact bonding, combinations thereof, or other bonding methods. A plurality of first etchings 1508 are formed in the first layer 1502, and a plurality of second etchings 1510 are formed in the second layer 1504. The third layer 1506 is not etched. In various embodiments, the plurality of first etchings 1508 and the plurality of second etchings 1510 extend completely through the thickness of the first layer 1502 and the second layer 1504, respectively. In various embodiments, the plurality of first etchings 1508 and the plurality of second etchings 1510 define portions of the sample cavity, the first port, and the second port, such that when the first layer 1502 is aligned and bonded to the second layer 1504 and the third layer 1506, the sample cavity, the first port, and the second port are formed. In an embodiment where the first port and the second port are offset from the sample chamber, the plurality of first etches 1508 and the plurality of second etches 1510 may also define portions of the first channel and the second channel such that the first channel and the second channel are also formed when the first layer 1502 is aligned and combined with the second layer 1504 and the third layer 1506.

[0098] The three-layer sample holder 1502 does not need to be etched to a specific depth - the multiple first etches 1508 and the multiple second etches 1510 extend completely through the first layer 1502 and the second layer 1504, respectively. This means that a more traditional etching process can be used, or another type of machining, such as laser cutting or water jet. In such a configuration, the surface of the first layer 1502, the second layer 1504, and the third layer 1506 will not be affected by the etching process, so it will remain in its native state, which will facilitate some bonding alternatives, such as contact bonding. Contact bonding is a glue-free process in which two surfaces with a high degree of conformability are held together by intermolecular forces. Contact bonding requires that the surfaces (such as the first layer 1502, the second layer 1504, and the third layer 1506) are very smooth and flat. The full-thickness etching of the multiple first etches 1508 and the multiple second etches 1510 allows the outer surfaces of the first layer 1502 and the second layer 1504 to remain in their native state, thereby facilitating contact bonding between the first layer 1502, the second layer 1504, and the third layer 1506. Relative to Fig.15 The principles discussed may be applied to any embodiment of a sample holder described in the present disclosure, such as sample holder 102, 306, 602, 1202, 1402, 1450, or another sample holder.

[0099] In a general aspect, the systems and techniques described herein allow for replacement of samples in a magnetic resonance system.

[0100] In a first example, a magnetic resonance apparatus includes a resonator. A sample holder includes a plurality of sample containers. A sample transfer device is operable to translate the sample holder relative to the resonator to position any one of the sample containers in a sample region of the resonator.

[0101] Embodiments of the first example may include one or more of the following features. For example, in some embodiments, the sample transfer device translates the sample holder relative to the resonator to maximize the filling factor of any one of the sample containers relative to the other sample containers. In some embodiments, the resonator is configured to generate a control field in the sample region. The sample transfer device is operable to selectively position any one of the sample containers in the sample region.

[0102] In some embodiments of the first example, at least one sample container in the plurality of sample containers contains a calibration sample.

[0103] In some embodiments of the first example, the plurality of sample containers includes a plurality of channels defined in the sample holder.

[0104] Some embodiments of the first example may include one or more of the following features. Each sample container may include a sample cavity and a filling port that deviates from the sample cavity and is coupled to the sample cavity through a sample channel fluid. Each sample container may include an air escape port that deviates from the sample cavity on a side opposite to the filling port and is coupled to the sample cavity through an air escape channel fluid. The filling port may be sized to receive a pipette tip. A sealant may be applied to the filling port and the air escape port. Each of the multiple channels includes a surface having a profile that matches the spatial distribution of a resonator control field generated by the resonator. The sample holder may include a cover sheet that encloses the multiple channels. The cover sheet defines a port that provides fluid communication with the multiple channels. The port may be sealed.

[0105] In some embodiments of the first example, the sample transfer arm is operable to linearly transfer the sample holder in a first direction, and the sample containers are spaced apart from each other in the first direction.

[0106] In some embodiments of the first example, the sample holder may include an elongated prism defining a plurality of planar outer surfaces. The sample container includes a channel defined in one of the plurality of planar outer surfaces.

[0107] In some embodiments of the first example, the sample holder may include an elongated cylindrical body defining a side surface. The sample container may include a channel defined in the side surface.

[0108] In some embodiments of the first example, the plurality of sample containers may include a plurality of capillaries in a sample holder.

[0109] Some embodiments of the first example include a resonator package including a resonator. A sample holder is at least partially disposed within the resonator package. The resonator package may include a positioning guide to facilitate alignment of the sample holder with the resonator.

[0110] In some embodiments of the first example, the sample transfer arm includes a first end exposed to room temperature and a second end exposed to refrigerated temperature during operation.

[0111] In some embodiments of the first example, the second end of the sample transfer arm contacts the sample holder.The first end of the sample transfer arm is mechanically coupled to an actuator that moves the sample transfer arm.

[0112] In some embodiments of the first example, the resonator may be a planar resonator. Additional embodiments may include a resonator chip. The resonator may be a microstrip resonator defined on a surface of the resonator chip.

[0113] In some embodiments of the first example, the resonator may be a three-dimensional cavity.

[0114] In some embodiments of the first example, the resonator may be configured to operate in a main magnetic field of a probeless magnetic resonance system.

[0115] In some embodiments of the first example, the resonator may be configured to operate on a probe in a main magnetic field of a magnetic resonance system.

[0116] In some embodiments of the first example, translation of the sample holder relative to the resonator includes translation of the sample holder along a plurality of axes.

[0117] In a second example, a magnetic resonance system includes a main magnet system configured to generate a main magnetic field. A resonator is configured to interact with a sample in a sample region. A sample holder includes a plurality of sample containers. A sample transfer device translates the sample holder relative to the resonator to position any one of the sample containers within the sample region.

[0118] The second exemplary embodiment may include one or more of the following features. The sample transfer device may include a sample transfer rod. Some embodiments may include a probe that includes a resonator. Some embodiments may include a refrigeration system that controls the refrigeration and thermal environment of the resonator. The sample transfer rod may extend from outside the refrigeration and thermal environment to inside the refrigeration and thermal environment. Multiple sample containers may be present in the refrigeration and thermal environment. The sample transfer device may be operable to translate the sample holder relative to the resonator to maximize the filling factor of any one of the sample containers relative to the other sample containers. At least one of the multiple sample containers may contain a calibration sample.

[0119] In some embodiments of the second example, the plurality of sample containers may include a plurality of channels defined in the sample holder. Each sample container may include a sample cavity and a fill port offset from the sample cavity and fluidly coupled to the sample cavity through the sample channel.

[0120] In some embodiments of the second example, each sample container can include an air escape port that is offset from the sample cavity on a side opposite to the fill port and is fluidly coupled to the sample cavity via an air escape channel. The fill port can be sized to receive a pipette tip. A sealant can be applied to the fill port and the air escape port.

[0121] In some embodiments of the second example, each sample container of the plurality of sample containers may include a surface contoured to match the spatial distribution of a resonator control field generated by the resonator.

[0122] In some embodiments of the second example, the sample transfer device may be operable to linearly transfer the sample holder in a first direction.The sample containers may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction.

[0123] In some embodiments of the second example, the sample transfer device may include a first end exposed to room temperature and a second end exposed to refrigerated temperatures during operation.The sample transfer device may be configured to translate the sample holder along multiple axes.

[0124] In a third example, a magnetic resonance sample changer system includes a sample holder including a plurality of sample containers. At least one of the sample containers includes a calibration sample. The sample holder is configured to move relative to a resonator in a main magnetic field of the magnetic resonance system. The sample holder is configured to be mechanically coupled to an actuator that positions the sample holder relative to a reference position determined by a magnetic resonance measurement of the calibration sample.

[0125] A third exemplary embodiment may include an actuator. Additional embodiments may include mechanically coupling the sample holder to a sample transfer arm of the actuator. The actuator may include at least one of a servo, a caliper, or a micrometer.

[0126] A third example embodiment may include a position control system for controlling the actuator.

[0127] The third exemplary embodiment may include one or more of the following features. A plurality of sample containers may include a plurality of channels defined in a sample holder. Each sample container may include a sample cavity and a filling port that deviates from the sample cavity and is coupled to the sample cavity by a sample channel fluid. Each sample container may include an air escape port that deviates from the sample cavity on a side opposite to the filling port and is coupled to the sample cavity by an air escape channel fluid. The filling port may be sized to receive a pipette tip. A sealant may be applied to the filling port and the air escape port.

[0128] In some embodiments of the third example, each sample container of the plurality of sample containers may include a surface that matches a spatial distribution of a resonator control field generated by the resonator.

[0129] In some embodiments of the third example, the sample holder may include a cover sheet enclosing the plurality of channels.

[0130] In some embodiments of the third example, the cover sheet defines a port that provides fluid communication with the plurality of channels.

[0131] In some embodiments of the third example, the port may include a plug.

[0132] In some embodiments of the third example, the sample containers are spaced apart from each other in the first direction.

[0133] In some embodiments of the third example, the sample holder may include an elongated prism defining a plurality of planar outer surfaces. The sample container may include a channel defined in one of the plurality of planar outer surfaces.

[0134] In some embodiments of the third example, the sample holder may include an elongated cylindrical body defining a side surface. The sample container may include a channel defined in the side surface.

[0135] In some embodiments of the third example, the plurality of sample containers may include a plurality of capillaries in a sample holder.

[0136] In a fourth example, a magnetic resonance method includes receiving a sample holder into a resonator package. The resonator package is arranged in a main magnetic field of a magnetic resonance system. The resonator package may include a resonator configured to interact with a sample in a sample region. The sample holder may include a first sample and a calibration sample. The sample holder is translated to position the calibration sample in the sample region. The position of the sample holder relative to the resonator is calibrated based on a first magnetic resonance signal generated by an interaction between the resonator and the calibration sample. After calibrating the position of the sample holder, the sample holder is translated to position the first sample in the sample region. Magnetic resonance data is acquired based on a second magnetic resonance signal generated by an interaction between the resonator and the first sample.

[0137] In some embodiments of the fourth example, the sample holder may include a plurality of additional samples. The method may include iteratively translating the sample holder to position an additional sample of the plurality of additional samples in the sample region, and acquiring magnetic resonance data based on a magnetic resonance signal generated by an interaction between the resonator and the sample currently positioned in the sample region.

[0138] Some embodiments of the fourth example may include cooling the sample holder to a refrigeration temperature prior to calibrating the position of the sample holder.

[0139] In some embodiments of the fourth example, translating the sample holder can include linearly translating the sample holder.

[0140] In some embodiments of the fourth example, translating the sample holder can include translating the sample holder along multiple axes.

[0141] In some embodiments of the fourth example, the magnetic resonance system is the magnetic resonance system of any one of the second examples.

[0142] In a fifth example, a magnetic resonance system includes a main magnet system configured to generate a main magnetic field. A resonator is configured to interact with a sample in a sample region. A sample holder includes a plurality of sample containers. A sample transfer device translates the sample holder relative to the resonator to position any one of the sample containers within the sample region.

[0143] The fifth exemplary embodiment may include one or more of the following features. For example, the sample transfer device may include a sample transfer rod. In addition, the fifth exemplary embodiment may include a refrigeration system for controlling the refrigeration thermal environment of the resonator. The sample transfer rod extends from the outside of the refrigeration thermal environment to the inside of the refrigeration thermal environment. In such an embodiment, multiple sample containers may be present in the refrigeration thermal environment.

[0144] In some embodiments of the fifth example, the sample transfer device is operable to translate the sample holder relative to the resonator to maximize a fill factor of any one of the sample containers relative to the other sample containers.

[0145] In some embodiments of the fifth example, at least one sample container in the plurality of sample containers may contain a calibration sample.

[0146] In some embodiments of the fifth example, introducing the sample holder into the electric field of the resonator causes a shift in the resonant frequency of the resonator. The shift in the resonant frequency indicates the position of the sample holder relative to the resonator.

[0147] The fifth exemplary embodiment may include one or more of the following features. For example, each sample container may include a sample cavity and a filling port coupled to the sample cavity fluid and an air escape port coupled to the sample cavity fluid. In addition, in the fifth exemplary embodiment, the sample holder may include: a first layer having a plurality of first etchings formed in its planar surface; and a second layer having a plurality of second etchings formed in its planar surface. When the first layer is aligned with the second layer, the plurality of first etchings and the plurality of second etchings are aligned to form the sample cavity, the filling port, and the air escape port.

[0148] The fifth exemplary embodiment may include one or more of the following features. For example, an embodiment of the sample holder may include: a first layer having a plurality of first etchings formed through the entire thickness of the first layer; a second layer having a plurality of second etchings formed through the entire thickness of the second layer; and a third unetched layer. When the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer are aligned, the plurality of first etchings and the plurality of second etchings are aligned to form a sample chamber, a filling port, and an air escape port. In addition, in the fifth exemplary embodiment, for example, the filling port can deviate from the sample chamber and be coupled to the sample chamber through a sample channel fluid. The air escape port can deviate from the sample chamber on the side opposite to the filling port and be coupled to the sample chamber through an air escape channel fluid.

[0149] In a fifth exemplary embodiment, the sample holder may include: an adhesive port formed in the first layer or the second layer; an adhesive vent formed in the first layer or the second layer; and an adhesive channel fluidly connecting the adhesive port to the adhesive vent and defining a fluid path around each sample cavity in the sample cavity.

[0150] In a fifth exemplary embodiment, the sample holder may include an elongated prism defining a plurality of planar outer surfaces, and the sample container includes a channel defined in one of the plurality of planar outer surfaces. In other embodiments of the fifth example, the sample holder may include an elongated cylindrical body defining a side surface, and the sample container includes a channel defined in the side surface. In other embodiments of the fifth example, the plurality of sample containers may include a plurality of capillaries in the sample holder.

[0151] A fifth exemplary embodiment may include a resonator package including a resonator. A sample holder is at least partially disposed within the resonator package. The resonator package may include a positioning guide to facilitate alignment of the sample holder with the resonator.

[0152] A fifth exemplary embodiment may include a resonator chip. In various embodiments, the resonator is a planar microstrip resonator defined on a surface of the resonator chip.

[0153] In a sixth example, a magnetic resonance method includes receiving a sample holder into a resonator package. The resonator package is arranged in a main magnetic field of a magnetic resonance system. The resonator package includes a resonator configured to interact with a sample in a sample region. A position of the sample holder relative to the resonator is calibrated. Based on the calibration, the sample holder is translated to position the sample in the sample region. Magnetic resonance data is acquired based on a magnetic resonance signal generated by an interaction between the resonator and a first sample.

[0154] A sixth exemplary embodiment may include translating the sample holder to position a calibration sample contained in the sample holder in the sample region, and calibrating the position of the sample holder relative to the resonator based on a magnetic resonance signal generated by an interaction between the resonator and the calibration sample.

[0155] In a sixth exemplary embodiment, the sample holder may include a plurality of additional samples, and the method may include iteratively translating the sample holder to position an additional sample of the plurality of additional samples in the sample region, and acquiring magnetic resonance data based on a magnetic resonance signal generated by an interaction between the resonator and the sample currently positioned in the sample region.

[0156] In a sixth exemplary embodiment, calibrating the position of the sample holder may include detecting a shift in the resonant frequency of the resonator caused by the sample holder entering the electric field of the resonator, and determining the position of the sample holder relative to the resonator based on the detected shift in the resonant frequency.

[0157] A sixth exemplary embodiment may include cooling the sample holder to a refrigeration temperature prior to calibrating the position of the sample holder.

[0158] In a seventh example, a magnetic resonance apparatus includes a resonator. A sample holder includes a plurality of sample containers. A sample transfer device is operable to translate the sample holder relative to the resonator to position any one of the sample containers in a sample region of the resonator.

[0159] The seventh exemplary embodiment may include one or more of the following features. For example, the sample transfer device may include a sample transfer rod. In addition, the first exemplary embodiment may include a refrigeration system for controlling the refrigeration thermal environment of the resonator. The sample transfer rod extends from the outside of the refrigeration thermal environment to the inside of the refrigeration thermal environment. In such an embodiment, multiple sample containers may be present in the refrigeration thermal environment.

[0160] In some embodiments of the seventh example, the sample transfer device is operable to translate the sample holder relative to the resonator to maximize a fill factor of any one of the sample containers relative to the other sample containers.

[0161] In some embodiments of the seventh example, at least one sample container in the plurality of sample containers contains a calibration sample.

[0162] In some embodiments of the seventh example, introducing the sample holder into the electric field of the resonator causes a shift in the resonant frequency of the resonator. The shift in the resonant frequency indicates a position of the sample holder relative to the resonator.

[0163] The seventh exemplary embodiment may include one or more of the following features. For example, each sample container may include a sample cavity and a filling port coupled to the sample cavity fluid and an air escape port coupled to the sample cavity fluid. In addition, in the seventh exemplary embodiment, the sample holder may include: a first layer having a plurality of first etchings formed in its planar surface; and a second layer having a plurality of second etchings formed in its planar surface. When the first layer is aligned with the second layer, the plurality of first etchings and the plurality of second etchings are aligned to form the sample cavity, the filling port, and the air escape port.

[0164] The seventh exemplary embodiment may include one or more of the following features. For example, an embodiment of the sample holder may include: a first layer having a plurality of first etchings formed through the entire thickness of the first layer; a second layer having a plurality of second etchings formed through the entire thickness of the second layer; and a third unetched layer. When the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer are aligned, the plurality of first etchings and the plurality of second etchings are aligned to form a sample chamber, a filling port, and an air escape port. In addition, in the seventh exemplary embodiment, the filling port may deviate from the sample chamber and be coupled to the sample chamber through a sample channel fluid. The air escape port may deviate from the sample chamber on the side opposite to the filling port and be coupled to the sample chamber through an air escape channel fluid.

[0165] In a seventh exemplary embodiment, the sample holder may include: an adhesive port formed in the first layer or the second layer; an adhesive vent formed in the first layer or the second layer; and an adhesive channel fluidly connecting the adhesive port to the adhesive vent and defining a fluid path around each sample cavity in the sample cavity.

[0166] In a seventh exemplary embodiment, the sample holder may include an elongated prism defining a plurality of planar outer surfaces, and the sample container includes a channel defined in one of the plurality of planar outer surfaces. In other seventh exemplary embodiments, the sample holder may include an elongated cylindrical body defining a side surface, and the sample container includes a channel defined in the side surface. In other seventh exemplary embodiments, the plurality of sample containers may include a plurality of capillaries in the sample holder.

[0167] A seventh exemplary embodiment may include a resonator package including a resonator. A sample holder is at least partially disposed within the resonator package. The resonator package may include a positioning guide to facilitate alignment of the sample holder with the resonator.

[0168] A seventh exemplary embodiment may include a resonator chip. In various embodiments, the resonator is a planar microstrip resonator defined on a surface of the resonator chip.

[0169] Although this specification contains many details, these details should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the claims, but rather as descriptions of particular features of particular examples. Certain features described in this specification or shown in the drawings may also be combined in the context of separate embodiments. Conversely, various features described or shown in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination.

[0170] Similarly, although operations are depicted in a particular order in the accompanying drawings, this should not be construed as requiring that these operations must be performed in the particular order or sequential order shown, or that all illustrated operations must be performed to achieve the desired result. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. In addition, the separation of each system component in the above-described embodiments should not be construed as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single product or packaged into multiple products.

[0171] A variety of embodiments have been described. However, it should be understood that various modifications can be made. For example, in various embodiments, a guide system can be used to facilitate insertion and placement of the sample holder within the resonator package and prevent breakage of the sample holder. Such a guide system can include, for example, guide rails that support opposite edges of the sample holder during placement. Therefore, other embodiments are also within the scope of the following claims.

[0172] The following represent implementations according to aspects of the present disclosure:

[0173] 1. A magnetic resonance device, comprising:

[0174] Resonator;

[0175] a sample holder comprising a plurality of sample containers; and

[0176] A sample transfer arm is operable to translate the sample holder relative to the resonator to position any one of the sample containers in a sample region of the resonator.

[0177] 2. The magnetic resonance apparatus of embodiment 1, wherein the sample transfer arm is operable to translate the sample holder relative to the resonator to maximize a fill factor of any one of the sample containers relative to the other sample containers.

[0178] 3. The magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 1, wherein the resonator is configured to generate a control field in the sample region, and the sample transfer arm is operable to selectively position any one of the sample containers in the sample region.

[0179] 4. The magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 1, wherein at least one sample container of the plurality of sample containers contains a calibration sample.

[0180] 5. The magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 1, wherein the plurality of sample containers comprises a plurality of channels defined in the sample holder.

[0181] 6. The magnetic resonance apparatus of embodiment 1, wherein each sample container comprises a sample cavity and a filling port, the filling port being offset from the sample cavity and coupled to the sample cavity through a sample channel fluid.

[0182] 7. The magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 6, wherein each sample container comprises an air escape port which is offset from the sample cavity on a side opposite to the filling port and is fluidically coupled to the sample cavity via an air escape channel.

[0183] 8. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 7, wherein the filling port is dimensioned to receive a pipette tip.

[0184] 9. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 7, wherein a sealant is applied to the filling port and the air escape port.

[0185] 10. The magnetic resonance apparatus of embodiment 5, wherein each channel of the plurality of channels comprises a surface contoured to match the spatial distribution of a resonator control field generated by the resonator.

[0186] 11. The magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 5, wherein the sample holder comprises a cover sheet enclosing the plurality of channels.

[0187] 12. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 11, wherein the cover sheet defines a port providing fluid communication with the plurality of channels.

[0188] 13. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 13, wherein the port is sealed.

[0189] 14. The magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 1, wherein the sample transfer arm is operable to linearly transfer the sample holder in a first direction, and the sample containers are spaced apart from each other in the first direction.

[0190] 15. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 1, wherein the sample holder comprises an elongated prism defining a plurality of planar outer surfaces, and the sample container comprises a channel defined in one of the plurality of planar outer surfaces.

[0191] 16. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 1, wherein the sample holder comprises an elongated cylindrical body defining a side surface, and the sample container comprises a channel defined in the side surface.

[0192] 17. The magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 1, wherein the plurality of sample containers comprises a plurality of capillaries in the sample holder.

[0193] 18. A magnetic resonance device according to embodiment 1, comprising a resonator package, the resonator package comprising the resonator, wherein the sample holder is at least partially arranged within the resonator package, and the resonator package comprises a positioning guide to facilitate alignment of the sample holder with the resonator.

[0194] 19. The magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 1, wherein the sample transfer arm comprises a first end exposed to room temperature and a second end exposed to a refrigerated temperature during operation.

[0195] 20. The magnetic resonance apparatus of embodiment 19, wherein the second end of the sample transfer arm contacts the sample holder, and the first end of the sample transfer arm is mechanically coupled to an actuator that moves the sample transfer arm.

[0196] 21. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 1, wherein the resonator is a planar resonator.

[0197] 22. A magnetic resonance device according to embodiment 21, comprising a resonator chip, wherein the resonators are microstrip resonators defined on a surface of the resonator chip.

[0198] 23. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 1, wherein the resonator is a three-dimensional cavity.

[0199] 24. The magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 1, wherein the resonator is configured to operate in a main magnetic field of a probeless magnetic resonance system.

[0200] 25. The magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 1, wherein the resonator is configured to operate on a probe in a main magnetic field of a magnetic resonance system.

[0201] 26. A magnetic resonance apparatus as claimed in embodiment 1, wherein translation of the sample holder relative to the resonator comprises translation of the sample holder along a plurality of axes.

[0202] 27. A magnetic resonance system comprising:

[0203] a main magnet system configured to generate a main magnetic field;

[0204] a resonator configured to interact with a sample in the sample region;

[0205] a sample holder comprising a plurality of sample containers; and

[0206] A sample transfer device translates the sample holder relative to the resonator to position any one of the sample containers within the sample area.

[0207] 28. A magnetic resonance system according to embodiment 27, wherein the sample transfer device includes a sample transfer rod.

[0208] 29. The magnetic resonance system of embodiment 27, comprising a probe, wherein the probe comprises the resonator.

[0209] 30. The magnetic resonance system of embodiment 29, comprising a refrigeration system for controlling a refrigerated thermal environment of the resonator, wherein the sample transfer rod extends from outside the refrigerated thermal environment to inside the refrigerated thermal environment.

[0210] 31. A magnetic resonance system according to embodiment 30, wherein the plurality of sample containers are present in the refrigerated thermal environment.

[0211] 32. A magnetic resonance system according to embodiment 27, wherein the sample transfer device is operable to translate the sample holder relative to the resonator to maximize the fill factor of any one of the sample containers relative to the other sample containers.

[0212] 33. A magnetic resonance system according to embodiment 27, wherein at least one sample container of the plurality of sample containers contains a calibration sample.

[0213] 34. The magnetic resonance system of embodiment 27, wherein the plurality of sample containers comprises a plurality of channels defined in the sample holder.

[0214] 35. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 27, wherein each sample container comprises a sample cavity and a fill port, the fill port being offset from the sample cavity and coupled to the sample cavity by a sample channel fluid.

[0215] 36. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 35, wherein each sample container comprises an air escape port which is offset from the sample cavity on a side opposite to the filling port and is fluidically coupled to the sample cavity via an air escape channel.

[0216] 37. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 36, wherein the filling port is dimensioned to receive a pipette tip.

[0217] 38. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 36, wherein a sealant is applied to the fill port and the air escape port.

[0218] 39. The magnetic resonance system of embodiment 27, wherein each sample container of the plurality of sample containers comprises a surface contoured to match a spatial distribution of a resonator control field generated by the resonator.

[0219] 40. The magnetic resonance system of embodiment 27, wherein the sample transfer device is operable to linearly transfer the sample holder in a first direction, and the sample containers are spaced apart from each other in the first direction.

[0220] 41. A magnetic resonance system according to embodiment 27, wherein the sample transfer device includes a first end exposed to room temperature and a second end exposed to a refrigerated temperature during operation.

[0221] 42. The magnetic resonance system of embodiment 27, wherein the sample transfer device is configured to translate the sample holder along a plurality of axes.

[0222] 43. A magnetic resonance sample changer system comprising:

[0223] a sample holder comprising a plurality of sample containers, at least one of the sample containers comprising a calibration sample, the sample holder being configured to move relative to the resonator in a main magnetic field of the magnetic resonance system;

[0224] Wherein the sample holder is configured to be mechanically coupled to an actuator that positions the sample holder relative to a reference position determined by a magnetic resonance measurement of the calibration sample.

[0225] 44. A magnetic resonance sample changer system according to embodiment 43, comprising the actuator.

[0226] 45. The magnetic resonance sample changer system of embodiment 44, comprising a sample transfer arm mechanically coupling the sample holder to the actuator.

[0227] 46. ​​The magnetic resonance sample changer system of embodiment 44, wherein the actuator comprises at least one of a servo, a caliper, or a micrometer.

[0228] 47. A magnetic resonance sample changer system according to embodiment 44, comprising a position control system for controlling the actuator.

[0229] 48. The magnetic resonance sample changer system of embodiment 43, wherein the plurality of sample containers comprises a plurality of channels defined in the sample holder.

[0230] 49. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 48, wherein each sample container comprises a sample cavity and a fill port, the fill port being offset from the sample cavity and coupled to the sample cavity by a sample channel fluid.

[0231] 50. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 49, wherein each sample container comprises an air escape port which is offset from the sample cavity on a side opposite to the filling port and is fluidically connected to the sample cavity via an air escape channel.

[0232] 51. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 50, wherein the filling port is dimensioned to receive a pipette tip.

[0233] 52. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 50, wherein a sealant is applied to the fill port and the air escape port.

[0234] 53. The magnetic resonance sample changer system of embodiment 43, wherein each sample container of the plurality of sample containers comprises a surface contoured to match the spatial distribution of a resonator control field generated by the resonator.

[0235] 54. The magnetic resonance sample changer system of embodiment 43, wherein the sample holder comprises a cover sheet enclosing the plurality of channels.

[0236] 55. The magnetic resonance sample changer system of embodiment 43, wherein the cover defines a port providing fluid communication with the plurality of channels.

[0237] 56. A magnetic resonance sample changer system according to embodiment 43, wherein the port includes a plug.

[0238] 57. A magnetic resonance sample changer system according to embodiment 43, wherein the sample containers are spaced apart from each other in the first direction.

[0239] 58. A magnetic resonance sample changer system according to embodiment 43, wherein the sample holder comprises an elongated prism defining a plurality of planar outer surfaces, and the sample container comprises a channel defined in one of the plurality of planar outer surfaces.

[0240] 59. The magnetic resonance sample changer system of embodiment 43, wherein the sample holder comprises an elongated cylindrical body defining a side surface, and the sample container comprises a channel defined in the side surface.

[0241] A magnetic resonance sample changer system according to embodiment 43, wherein the plurality of sample containers comprises a plurality of capillaries in the sample holder.

[0242] 60. A magnetic resonance method comprising:

[0243] receiving a sample holder in a resonator package disposed in a main magnetic field of a magnetic resonance system, the resonator package including a resonator configured to interact with a sample in a sample region, the sample holder including a first sample and a calibration sample;

[0244] translating the sample holder to position the calibration sample in the sample area;

[0245] calibrating a position of the sample holder relative to the resonator based on a first magnetic resonance signal generated by an interaction between the resonator and the calibration sample;

[0246] After calibrating the position of the sample holder, translating the sample holder to position the first sample in the sample area; and

[0247] Magnetic resonance data is acquired based on a second magnetic resonance signal generated by an interaction between the resonator and the first sample.

[0248] 61. The magnetic resonance method according to embodiment 60, wherein the sample holder comprises a plurality of additional samples, and the method comprises iteratively:

[0249] translating the sample holder to position an additional sample from the plurality of additional samples in the sample area; and

[0250] Magnetic resonance data are acquired based on magnetic resonance signals generated by an interaction between the resonator and the sample currently positioned in the sample region.

[0251] 62. The magnetic resonance method of embodiment 60, comprising cooling the sample holder to a refrigeration temperature before calibrating the position of the sample holder.

[0252] 63. The magnetic resonance method of embodiment 60, wherein translating the sample holder comprises linearly translating the sample holder.

[0253] 64. The magnetic resonance method of embodiment 60, wherein translating the sample holder comprises translating the sample holder along a plurality of axes.

[0254] 65. The magnetic resonance method according to embodiment 60, wherein the magnetic resonance system is the magnetic resonance system of any one of claims 23 to 34.

[0255] 66. A magnetic resonance system comprising:

[0256] a main magnet system configured to generate a main magnetic field;

[0257] a resonator configured to interact with a sample in the sample region;

[0258] a sample holder comprising a plurality of sample containers; and

[0259] A sample transfer device translates the sample holder relative to the resonator to position any one of the sample containers within the sample area.

[0260] 67. A magnetic resonance system according to embodiment 66, wherein the sample transfer device includes a sample transfer rod.

[0261] 68. The magnetic resonance system of embodiment 67 comprises a refrigeration system for controlling a refrigerated thermal environment of the resonator, wherein the sample transfer rod extends from outside the refrigerated thermal environment to inside the refrigerated thermal environment.

[0262] 69. A magnetic resonance system according to embodiment 68, wherein the plurality of sample containers are present in the refrigerated thermal environment.

[0263] 70. A magnetic resonance system according to any one of embodiments 66 to 69, wherein the sample transfer device is operable to translate the sample holder relative to the resonator to maximize the fill factor of any one of the sample containers relative to the other sample containers.

[0264] 71. A magnetic resonance system according to any one of embodiments 66 to 69, wherein at least one sample container of the plurality of sample containers contains a calibration sample.

[0265] 72. The magnetic resonance system of any one of embodiments 66 to 69, wherein:

[0266] introducing the sample holder into the field of the resonator causing a shift in the resonant frequency of the resonator; and

[0267] The shift in the resonant frequency is indicative of a position of the sample holder relative to the resonator.

[0268] 73. The magnetic resonance system of any one of embodiments 66 to 69, wherein each sample container comprises:

[0269] a sample cavity and a fill port fluidly coupled to the sample cavity; and

[0270] An air escape port is fluidly coupled to the sample chamber.

[0271] 74. The magnetic resonance system of embodiment 73, wherein the sample holder comprises:

[0272] a first layer having a plurality of first etches formed in a planar surface thereof;

[0273] A second layer has a plurality of second etches formed in a planar surface thereof, wherein the plurality of first etches and the plurality of second etches are aligned to form the sample container.

[0274] 75. The magnetic resonance system according to embodiment 73, comprising:

[0275] a first layer having a plurality of first etches formed through an entire thickness of the first layer;

[0276] a second layer having a plurality of second etches formed through an entire thickness of the second layer;

[0277] Third floor;

[0278] Wherein, when the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer are configured, the plurality of first etchings and the plurality of second etchings are aligned to form the sample container.

[0279] 76. The magnetic resonance system of embodiment 73, wherein:

[0280] The fill port is offset from the sample cavity and fluidly coupled to the sample cavity through a sample passage; and

[0281] The air escape port is offset from the sample cavity on a side opposite the fill port and is fluidly coupled to the sample cavity through an air escape channel.

[0282] 77. The magnetic resonance system according to embodiment 76, comprising:

[0283] an adhesive port formed in the first layer or the second layer;

[0284] an adhesive vent formed in the first layer or the second layer; and

[0285] An adhesive channel fluidly couples the adhesive port to the adhesive vent and defines a fluid path around each of the sample cavities.

[0286] 78. A magnetic resonance system according to any one of embodiments 66 to 69, wherein the sample holder comprises an elongated prism defining a plurality of planar outer surfaces, and the sample container comprises a channel defined in one of the plurality of planar outer surfaces.

[0287] 79. A magnetic resonance system according to any one of embodiments 66 to 69, wherein the sample holder includes an elongated cylindrical body defining a side surface, and the sample container includes a channel defined in the side surface.

[0288] 80. The magnetic resonance system of any one of embodiments 66 to 69, wherein the plurality of sample containers comprises a plurality of capillaries in the sample holder.

[0289] 81. A magnetic resonance system according to any one of embodiments 66 to 69, comprising a resonator package, which includes the resonator, wherein the sample holder is at least partially arranged within the resonator package, and the resonator package includes a positioning guide to facilitate alignment of the sample holder with the resonator.

[0290] 82. A magnetic resonance system according to any one of embodiments 66 to 69, comprising a resonator chip, wherein the resonator is a planar microstrip resonator defined on a surface of the resonator chip.

[0291] 83. A magnetic resonance method comprising:

[0292] receiving a sample holder including a plurality of samples into a resonator package disposed in a main magnetic field of a magnetic resonance system, the resonator package including a resonator configured to interact with the samples in a sample region;

[0293] calibrating a position of the sample holder relative to the resonator based on a signal received from the resonator;

[0294] based on the calibration, translating the sample holder to position a selected sample of the plurality of samples in the sample area; and

[0295] Magnetic resonance data is acquired based on magnetic resonance signals generated by an interaction between the resonator and the selected sample.

[0296] 84. The magnetic resonance method according to embodiment 83, comprising:

[0297] translating the sample holder to position a calibration sample contained in the sample holder in the sample area;

[0298] The position of the sample holder relative to the resonator is calibrated based on a magnetic resonance signal generated by an interaction between the resonator and the calibration sample.

[0299] 85. The magnetic resonance method of embodiment 84, wherein the sample holder comprises a plurality of additional samples, and the method comprises iteratively:

[0300] translating the sample holder to position an additional sample from the plurality of additional samples in the sample area; and

[0301] Magnetic resonance data are acquired based on magnetic resonance signals generated by an interaction between the resonator and the sample currently positioned in the sample region.

[0302] 86. The magnetic resonance method of embodiment 83, wherein calibrating the position of the sample holder comprises:

[0303] detecting a shift in a resonant frequency of the resonator, the shift in the resonant frequency being due to an interaction between a field of the sample holder and the resonator; and

[0304] Based on the detected shift in the resonant frequency, a position of the sample holder relative to the resonator is determined.

[0305] 87. The magnetic resonance method of embodiment 83, comprising cooling the sample holder to a refrigeration temperature before calibrating the position of the sample holder.

[0306] 88. A magnetic resonance device comprising:

[0307] Resonator;

[0308] a sample holder comprising a plurality of sample containers; and

[0309] A sample transfer device is operable to translate the sample holder relative to the resonator to position any one of the sample containers in a sample region of the resonator.

[0310] 89. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 88, wherein the sample transfer device comprises a sample transfer rod.

[0311] 90. The magnetic resonance apparatus of embodiment 89, comprising a refrigeration system for controlling a refrigerated thermal environment of the resonator, wherein the sample transfer rod extends from outside the refrigerated thermal environment to inside the refrigerated thermal environment.

[0312] 91. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to embodiment 90, wherein the plurality of sample containers are present in the refrigerated thermal environment.

[0313] 92. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to any one of embodiments 88 to 91, wherein the sample transfer device is operable to translate the sample holder relative to the resonator to maximize the fill factor of any one of the sample containers relative to the other sample containers.

[0314] 93. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to any one of embodiments 88 to 91, wherein at least one sample container of the plurality of sample containers contains a calibration sample.

[0315] 94. The magnetic resonance apparatus according to any one of embodiments 88 to 91, wherein:

[0316] introducing the sample holder into the field of the resonator causing a shift in the resonant frequency of the resonator; and

[0317] The shift in the resonant frequency is indicative of a position of the sample holder relative to the resonator.

Claims

1. A magnetic resonance device, include: Resonator; a sample holder comprising a plurality of sample containers; as well as A sample transfer arm is operable to translate the sample holder relative to the resonator to position any one of the sample containers in a sample region of the resonator.

2. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sample transfer arm is operable to translate the sample holder relative to the resonator to maximize the fill factor of any one of the sample containers relative to the other sample containers.

3. The magnetic resonance apparatus of claim 1, wherein the resonator is configured to generate a control field in the sample region, and the sample transfer arm is operable to selectively position any one of the sample containers in the sample region. 4 . The magnetic resonance apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein at least one sample container of the plurality of sample containers contains a calibration sample.

5. The magnetic resonance apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sample containers comprises a plurality of channels defined in the sample holder.

6. The magnetic resonance apparatus of claim 1, wherein each sample container comprises a sample cavity and a fill port, the fill port being offset from the sample cavity and fluidically coupled to the sample cavity through a sample channel.

7. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to claim 6, wherein each sample container comprises an air escape port which is offset from the sample cavity on a side opposite to the filling port and is fluidly coupled to the sample cavity via an air escape channel.

8. A magnetic resonance apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the filling port is dimensioned to receive a pipette tip.

9. A magnetic resonance apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein a sealant is applied to the fill port and the air escape port.

10. A magnetic resonance apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein each channel of the plurality of channels comprises a surface contoured to match the spatial distribution of a resonator control field generated by the resonator.

11. The magnetic resonance apparatus of claim 5, wherein the sample holder comprises a cover sheet enclosing the plurality of channels.

12. A magnetic resonance apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein the cover sheet defines ports providing fluid communication with the plurality of channels.

13. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the port is sealed.

14. The magnetic resonance apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sample transfer arm is operable to linearly transfer the sample holder in a first direction, and the sample containers are spaced apart from each other in the first direction.

15. A magnetic resonance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sample holder comprises an elongated prism defining a plurality of planar outer surfaces, and the sample container comprises a channel defined in one of the plurality of planar outer surfaces.

16. A magnetic resonance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sample holder comprises an elongated cylindrical body defining a side surface, and the sample container comprises a channel defined in the side surface.

17. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of sample containers comprises a plurality of capillaries in the sample holder.

18. A magnetic resonance device according to claim 1, comprising a resonator package, the resonator package including the resonator, wherein the sample holder is at least partially arranged within the resonator package, the resonator package including a positioning guide to facilitate alignment of the sample holder with the resonator.

19. The magnetic resonance apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sample transfer arm comprises a first end exposed to room temperature and a second end exposed to a refrigerated temperature during operation.

20. The magnetic resonance apparatus of claim 19, wherein the second end of the sample transfer arm contacts the sample holder and the first end of the sample transfer arm is mechanically coupled to an actuator that moves the sample transfer arm.

21. A magnetic resonance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resonator is a planar resonator.

22. A magnetic resonance device as claimed in claim 21, comprising a resonator chip, wherein the resonators are microstrip resonators defined on a surface of the resonator chip.

23. A magnetic resonance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resonator is a three-dimensional cavity.

24. The magnetic resonance apparatus of claim 1, wherein the resonator is configured to operate in a main magnetic field of a probeless magnetic resonance system.

25. The magnetic resonance apparatus of claim 1, wherein the resonator is configured to operate on a probe in a main magnetic field of a magnetic resonance system.

26. A magnetic resonance apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein translation of the sample holder relative to the resonator comprises translation of the sample holder along a plurality of axes.

27. A magnetic resonance system, include: a main magnet system configured to generate a main magnetic field; a resonator configured to interact with a sample in the sample region; a sample holder comprising a plurality of sample containers; as well as A sample transfer device translates the sample holder relative to the resonator to position any one of the sample containers within the sample area.

28. The magnetic resonance system of claim 27, wherein the sample transfer device comprises a sample transfer rod.

29. The magnetic resonance system of claim 27, comprising a probe, wherein the probe comprises the resonator.

30. The magnetic resonance system of claim 29, comprising a refrigeration system for controlling a refrigerated thermal environment of the resonator, wherein the sample transfer rod extends from outside the refrigerated thermal environment to inside the refrigerated thermal environment.

31. The magnetic resonance system of claim 30, wherein the plurality of sample containers are present in the refrigerated thermal environment.

32. The magnetic resonance system of claim 27, wherein the sample transfer device is operable to translate the sample holder relative to the resonator to maximize a fill factor of any one of the sample containers relative to the other sample containers.

33. The magnetic resonance system of claim 27, wherein at least one sample container of the plurality of sample containers contains a calibration sample.

34. The magnetic resonance system of claim 27, wherein the plurality of sample containers comprises a plurality of channels defined in the sample holder.

35. A magnetic resonance apparatus as claimed in claim 27, wherein each sample container comprises a sample cavity and a fill port, the fill port being offset from the sample cavity and fluidly coupled to the sample cavity by a sample channel.

36. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to claim 35, wherein each sample container comprises an air escape port which is offset from the sample cavity on a side opposite to the fill port and is fluidly coupled to the sample cavity by an air escape channel.

37. A magnetic resonance apparatus as claimed in claim 36, wherein the fill port is dimensioned to receive a pipette tip.

38. A magnetic resonance apparatus as claimed in claim 36, wherein a sealant is applied to the fill port and the air escape port.

39. The magnetic resonance system of claim 27, wherein each sample container of the plurality of sample containers comprises a surface contoured to match a spatial distribution of a resonator control field generated by the resonator.

40. The magnetic resonance system of claim 27, wherein the sample transfer device is operable to linearly transfer the sample holder in a first direction, and the sample containers are spaced apart from each other in the first direction.

41. The magnetic resonance system of claim 27, wherein the sample transfer device comprises a first end exposed to room temperature and a second end exposed to a refrigerated temperature during operation.

42. The magnetic resonance system of claim 27, wherein the sample transfer device is configured to translate the sample holder along multiple axes.

43. A magnetic resonance sample changer system, include: a sample holder comprising a plurality of sample containers, at least one of the sample containers comprising a calibration sample, the sample holder being configured to move relative to the resonator in a main magnetic field of the magnetic resonance system; Wherein the sample holder is configured to be mechanically coupled to an actuator that positions the sample holder relative to a reference position determined by a magnetic resonance measurement of the calibration sample.

44. A magnetic resonance sample changer system according to claim 43, comprising said actuator.

45. The magnetic resonance sample changer system of claim 44, comprising a sample transfer arm mechanically coupling the sample holder to the actuator.

46. ​​The magnetic resonance sample changer system of claim 44, wherein the actuator comprises at least one of a servo, a caliper, or a micrometer.

47. The magnetic resonance sample changer system of claim 44, comprising a position control system for controlling the actuator.

48. The magnetic resonance sample changer system of claim 43, wherein the plurality of sample containers comprises a plurality of channels defined in the sample holder.

49. A magnetic resonance apparatus as claimed in claim 48, wherein each sample container comprises a sample cavity and a fill port, the fill port being offset from the sample cavity and fluidly coupled to the sample cavity by a sample channel.

50. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to claim 49, wherein each sample container comprises an air escape port offset from the sample cavity on a side opposite to the fill port and fluidly coupled to the sample cavity by an air escape channel.

51. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to claim 50, wherein the fill port is dimensioned to receive a pipette tip.

52. A magnetic resonance apparatus as claimed in claim 50 wherein a sealant is applied to the fill port and the air escape port.

53. The magnetic resonance sample changer system of claim 43, wherein each sample container of the plurality of sample containers comprises a surface contoured to match the spatial distribution of a resonator control field generated by the resonator.

54. The magnetic resonance sample changer system of claim 43, wherein the sample holder comprises a cover sheet enclosing the plurality of channels.

55. The magnetic resonance sample changer system of claim 43, wherein the cover sheet defines a port providing fluid communication with the plurality of channels.

56. The magnetic resonance sample changer system of claim 43, wherein the port comprises a plug.

57. The magnetic resonance sample changer system of claim 43, wherein the sample containers are spaced apart from one another in a first direction.

58. The magnetic resonance sample changer system of claim 43, wherein the sample holder comprises an elongated prism defining a plurality of planar outer surfaces, and the sample container comprises a channel defined in one of the plurality of planar outer surfaces.

59. The magnetic resonance sample changer system of claim 43 wherein the sample holder comprises an elongated cylindrical body defining a side surface, and the sample container comprises a channel defined in the side surface.

44. The magnetic resonance sample changer system of claim 43, wherein said plurality of sample containers comprises a plurality of capillaries in said sample holder.

60. A magnetic resonance method, include: receiving a sample holder in a resonator package disposed in a main magnetic field of a magnetic resonance system, the resonator package including a resonator configured to interact with a sample in a sample region, the sample holder including a first sample and a calibration sample; translating the sample holder to position the calibration sample in the sample area; calibrating a position of the sample holder relative to the resonator based on a first magnetic resonance signal generated by an interaction between the resonator and the calibration sample; After calibrating the position of the sample holder, translating the sample holder to position the first sample in the sample area; as well as Magnetic resonance data is acquired based on a second magnetic resonance signal generated by an interaction between the resonator and the first sample.

61. A magnetic resonance method according to claim 60, wherein the sample holder comprises a plurality of additional samples, and the method comprises iteratively: translating the sample holder to position an additional sample from the plurality of additional samples in the sample area; and Magnetic resonance data are acquired based on magnetic resonance signals generated by an interaction between the resonator and the sample currently positioned in the sample region.

62. The magnetic resonance method of claim 60, comprising cooling the sample holder to a cryogenic temperature prior to calibrating the position of the sample holder.

63. The magnetic resonance method of claim 60, wherein translating the sample holder comprises linearly translating the sample holder.

64. The magnetic resonance method of claim 60, wherein translating the sample holder comprises translating the sample holder along a plurality of axes.

65. The magnetic resonance method according to claim 60, wherein the magnetic resonance system is a magnetic resonance system according to any one of claims 23 to 34.

66. A magnetic resonance system, include: a main magnet system configured to generate a main magnetic field; a resonator configured to interact with a sample in the sample region; a sample holder comprising a plurality of sample containers; as well as A sample transfer device translates the sample holder relative to the resonator to position any one of the sample containers within the sample area.

67. The magnetic resonance system of claim 66, wherein the sample transfer device comprises a sample transfer rod.

68. The magnetic resonance system of claim 67, comprising a refrigeration system for controlling a refrigerated thermal environment of the resonator, wherein the sample transfer rod extends from outside the refrigerated thermal environment to inside the refrigerated thermal environment.

69. The magnetic resonance system of claim 68, wherein the plurality of sample containers are present in the refrigerated thermal environment.

70. A magnetic resonance system according to any one of claims 66 to 69, wherein the sample transfer device is operable to translate the sample holder relative to the resonator to maximize the fill factor of any one of the sample containers relative to the other sample containers.

71. The magnetic resonance system of any one of claims 66 to 69, wherein at least one sample container of the plurality of sample containers contains a calibration sample.

72. A magnetic resonance system according to any one of claims 66 to 69, in: introducing the sample holder into the field of the resonator causing a shift in the resonant frequency of the resonator; and The shift in the resonant frequency is indicative of a position of the sample holder relative to the resonator.

73. The magnetic resonance system of any one of claims 66 to 69, wherein each sample container include: a sample chamber and a fill port fluidly coupled to the sample chamber; as well as An air escape port is fluidly coupled to the sample chamber.

74. A magnetic resonance system according to claim 73, wherein the sample holder include: a first layer having a plurality of first etches formed in a planar surface thereof; A second layer has a plurality of second etches formed in a planar surface thereof, wherein the plurality of first etches and the plurality of second etches are aligned to form the sample container.

75. The magnetic resonance system of claim 73, include: a first layer having a plurality of first etches formed through an entire thickness of the first layer; a second layer having a plurality of second etches formed through an entire thickness of the second layer; Third floor; Wherein, when the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer are configured, the plurality of first etchings and the plurality of second etchings are aligned to form the sample container.

76. The magnetic resonance system of claim 73, in: The fill port is offset from the sample cavity and fluidly coupled to the sample cavity through a sample passage; and The air escape port is offset from the sample cavity on a side opposite the fill port and is fluidly coupled to the sample cavity through an air escape channel.

77. The magnetic resonance system according to claim 76, include: an adhesive port formed in the first layer or the second layer; an adhesive vent formed in the first layer or the second layer; as well as An adhesive channel fluidly couples the adhesive port to the adhesive vent and defines a fluid path around each of the sample cavities.

78. A magnetic resonance system according to any one of claims 66 to 69, wherein the sample holder comprises an elongated prism defining a plurality of planar outer surfaces, and the sample container comprises a channel defined in one of the plurality of planar outer surfaces.

79. A magnetic resonance system according to any one of claims 66 to 69, wherein the sample holder comprises an elongated cylindrical body defining a side surface, and the sample container comprises a channel defined in the side surface.

80. The magnetic resonance system of any one of claims 66 to 69, wherein the plurality of sample containers comprises a plurality of capillaries in the sample holder.

81. A magnetic resonance system according to any one of claims 66 to 69, comprising a resonator package, the resonator package including the resonator, wherein the sample holder is at least partially arranged within the resonator package, and the resonator package includes a positioning guide to facilitate alignment of the sample holder with the resonator.

82. A magnetic resonance system according to any one of claims 66 to 69, comprising a resonator chip, wherein the resonators are planar microstrip resonators defined on a surface of the resonator chip.

83. A magnetic resonance method, include: receiving a sample holder including a plurality of samples into a resonator package disposed in a main magnetic field of a magnetic resonance system, the resonator package including a resonator configured to interact with the samples in a sample region; calibrating a position of the sample holder relative to the resonator based on a signal received from the resonator; based on the calibration, translating the sample holder to position a selected sample of the plurality of samples in the sample area; as well as Magnetic resonance data is acquired based on magnetic resonance signals generated by an interaction between the resonator and the selected sample.

84. The magnetic resonance method according to claim 83, include: translating the sample holder to position a calibration sample contained in the sample holder in the sample area; The position of the sample holder relative to the resonator is calibrated based on a magnetic resonance signal generated by an interaction between the resonator and the calibration sample.

85. The magnetic resonance method of claim 84, wherein the sample holder comprises a plurality of additional samples, and the method comprises iteratively: translating the sample holder to position an additional sample from the plurality of additional samples in the sample area; and Magnetic resonance data are acquired based on magnetic resonance signals generated by an interaction between the resonator and the sample currently positioned in the sample region.

86. The magnetic resonance method of claim 83, wherein the position of the sample holder is calibrated include: detecting a shift in a resonant frequency of the resonator, the shift in the resonant frequency being due to an interaction between a field of the sample holder and the resonator; as well as Based on the detected shift in the resonant frequency, a position of the sample holder relative to the resonator is determined.

87. The magnetic resonance method of claim 83, comprising cooling the sample holder to a refrigeration temperature prior to calibrating the position of the sample holder.

88. A magnetic resonance device, include: Resonator; a sample holder comprising a plurality of sample containers; as well as A sample transfer device is operable to translate the sample holder relative to the resonator to position any one of the sample containers in a sample region of the resonator.

89. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to claim 88, wherein the sample transfer device comprises a sample transfer rod.

90. The magnetic resonance apparatus of claim 89, comprising a refrigeration system for controlling a refrigerated thermal environment of the resonator, wherein the sample transfer rod extends from outside the refrigerated thermal environment to inside the refrigerated thermal environment.

91. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to claim 90, wherein the plurality of sample containers are present in the refrigerated thermal environment.

92. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to any one of claims 88 to 91, wherein the sample transfer device is operable to translate the sample holder relative to the resonator to maximize the fill factor of any one of the sample containers relative to the other sample containers.

93. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to any one of claims 88 to 91, wherein at least one sample container of the plurality of sample containers contains a calibration sample.

94. A magnetic resonance apparatus according to any one of claims 88 to 91, in: introducing the sample holder into the field of the resonator causing a shift in the resonant frequency of the resonator; and The shift in the resonant frequency is indicative of a position of the sample holder relative to the resonator.

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