Kiwi fruit one-two-three cultivation planting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a kiwi fruit one-two-three cultivation planting method, and relates to the technical field of plant planting. Straw extract, humic acid, urea and the like are adopted as raw materials to prepare an overwintering fertilizer, the overwintering fertilizer is applied to soil, kiwi fruit seedlings are planted, planted and germinated plants are not pruned, trunk fixing is carried out after leaves fall in autumn, main vines are selected in spring of the next year, pinching is carried out when the plants grow to 1.8 m, and a tree shape with one trunk and two vines is formed. On the basis, the bearing mother branches are cultivated in an emphasized mode to form a feather-shaped tree shape, and cultivation management is carried out. According to the invention, mulberry enterobacter, rose kocuria and trichoderma harzianum are combined as a fermentation strain for fermenting straws to prepare the straw fermentation product, and the overwintering fertilizer prepared by taking the straw extract as a main raw material can improve the stability of cell membranes, the carbohydrate content and the enzyme activity of an ROS (reactive oxygen species) removal system; therefore, the endurance capacity of the kiwi fruits to a low-temperature environment is improved, and the kiwi fruits can safely overwinter in the planting process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly to a cultivation method for kiwifruit in the "one-two-three" mode. Background Art

[0002] Kiwifruit is a perennial deciduous vine of the genus Actinidia in the family Actinidiaceae, order Parietales, class Dicotyledoneae. Kiwifruit is rich in various vitamins such as VC, dietary fiber, trace elements such as zinc and selenium, and 17 kinds of amino acids required by the human body. It has high nutritional value, medical and health care functions, and economic value, and is known as the "king of fruits" and "green gold mine", and is deeply loved by consumers and growers.

[0003] The potential climate factors affecting the distribution of kiwifruit include safe wintering, heat resources, water conditions, light resources, etc. Among them, the most influential factor for kiwifruit cultivation is safe wintering. When the low-temperature time in winter is insufficient, the plants lack sufficient chilling requirements and are difficult to naturally dormant; the average temperature of the coldest month in the climate suitable area for kiwifruit is -2°C to 10°C. When the temperature is lower, the plants may not be able to survive the winter safely. Kiwifruit has poor cold tolerance. When the temperature continuously drops below -10°C, it will cause freezing damage, resulting in serious economic losses. At present, the main anti-freezing measures during the wintering period of kiwifruit include: increasing the application of organic fertilizer to strengthen the tree vigor, painting the tree trunk white or applying anti-freezing agent, using wheat straw, etc. to bundle the tree trunk for anti-freezing. Among them, painting the tree trunk white or applying anti-freezing agent is simple in operation and low in cost, but the effective period is short. After being washed by rain or strong wind and other bad weather, it is easy to fall off and needs to be re-coated in time, increasing the management cost and workload. Using wheat straw, etc. to bundle the tree trunk for anti-freezing does not require special technology and equipment, and it is easy for fruit farmers to master, but the bundling materials such as wheat straw are easy to get damp and moldy, breeding bacteria and pests, which may cause harm to the tree trunk. Moreover, the bundling operation is time-consuming and laborious, especially when planting on a large scale, the workload is large. Increasing the application of organic fertilizer to strengthen the tree vigor can improve its own cold resistance and create a relatively stable environment for the roots. Moreover, the fertilizer effect of organic fertilizer is long-lasting and can continuously provide nutrients for the tree trunk for a long time.

[0004] In the prior art, CN106818006A discloses a fertilization method for integrated water and fertilizer management of kiwifruit. Among them, the overwintering fertilizer includes commercial organic fertilizer and low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus, low-potassium fertilizer. However, the diversity of nutrient types is poor, and long-term use may lead to a lack of trace elements in the soil, resulting in nutrient deficiency symptoms in kiwifruit, thus affecting fruit quality and yield. CN113548928A discloses a compound fertilizer for kiwifruit cultivation, including plants containing natural pesticide components, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, amino acid chelate fertilizer, humic acid, potassium chloride, borax, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, and superphosphate. The compound fertilizer is used as the overwintering fertilizer for kiwifruit. However, the use of plants containing natural pesticide components makes it difficult to ensure the content and stability of their active ingredients, and their degradation situation in the soil is unclear, which may have a potential impact on the ecological environment, thus destroying the structure and function of the soil microbial community.

[0005] Therefore, it is particularly necessary to develop a kiwifruit cultivation method to ensure the safe overwintering of kiwifruit. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a one-two-three cultivation method for kiwifruit. The specific steps are as follows: Use straw extract, humic acid, urea, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, borax, magnesium chloride, zinc sulfate, and ferrous sulfate as raw materials to prepare the overwintering fertilizer. After plowing the soil, apply the overwintering fertilizer, and then plant kiwifruit seedlings. Do not prune the planted and germinated plants to promote root development. After the leaves fall in autumn, perform topping, and select plump buds as the main vine cultivation in the following spring. When the plant grows to 1.8 m, perform pinching to form a one-stem-two-vine tree shape. On this basis, focus on cultivating the fruiting mother branches to form a feather-shaped tree shape, and then through cultivation management. The present invention uses a combination of Enterobacter mori, Coccidioides roseus seed liquid, and Trichoderma harzianum as fermentation strains to ferment straw to obtain straw fermented products, and uses the straw extract as the main raw material to prepare the overwintering fertilizer, which can improve the stability of cell membranes, the content of sugars and amino acids, and the enzyme activity of the ROS scavenging system, thereby improving the tolerance of kiwifruit to low-temperature environments, and then ensuring the safe overwintering of kiwifruit during the planting process.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a one-two-three cultivation method for kiwifruit, including the following steps:

[0009] (1) Root cultivation in the first year: After plowing the soil for kiwifruit to be planted, apply the overwintering fertilizer, and then plant kiwifruit seedlings. After germination, do not prune the plants, and cooperate with field management to promote the root development of the plants;

[0010] The overwintering fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of straw ferment, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of potassium chloride, 10-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5-3.5 parts of borax, 2-3 parts of magnesium chloride, 3-4 parts of zinc sulfate, and 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate;

[0011] (2) Tree cultivation in the second year: After the leaves fall in autumn, prune and retract the above-ground part of the plant, select plump buds and perform trunk cutting. In the following spring, select plump buds on the trunk-cut plant as the main vines for cultivation, and remove other buds at the same time. When the plant height is ≥1.8 m, perform pinching treatment to form a one-trunk two-vine tree shape;

[0012] (3) Shaping in the third year: Prune and manage the water and fertilizer of the plant to form a one-trunk two-vine feather-shaped tree shape, and then perform bud rubbing treatment, pinching treatment, vine tying treatment and shaping treatment. When the kiwifruit is ripe, it can be picked.

[0013] Preferably, in step (1), the pH of the soil for planting kiwifruit is 5.5-7.0, and the plowing depth is 60-80 cm.

[0014] Preferably, in step (1), the application rate of the overwintering fertilizer is 200-240 kg / mu.

[0015] Preferably, in step (1), the planting time is from March to April every year, the depth of the planting hole is 40-60 cm, the width of the planting hole is 0.5-0.7 m, the plant spacing is (2.5-3) m×(3-4) m, and the male-female plant ratio is (8-10):1.

[0016] Preferably, in step (1), the field management is as follows: Apply nitrogen fertilizer to the surviving kiwifruit seedlings twice a month, and the application amount each time is 100-200 g / plant, and the nitrogen fertilizer is urea.

[0017] Preferably, in step (1), the straw ferment is prepared by the following method:

[0018] Mix the seed liquid of Enterobacter mori, the seed liquid of Kocuria rosea, and the seed liquid of Trichoderma harzianum to obtain a mixed seed liquid. Inoculate the mixed seed liquid into the straw, and after fermentation culture, filter and dry to obtain the straw ferment.

[0019] More preferably, the strain number of Enterobacter mori is CICC 24161, the strain number of Kocuria rosea is CICC 10190, and the strain number of Trichoderma harzianum is CICC 13056.

[0020] Further preferably, the volume ratio of Enterobacter mori seed liquid, Kocuria rosea seed liquid and Trichoderma harzianum seed liquid is (0.3 - 0.5):(0.3 - 0.5):(0.8 - 1.2).

[0021] Further preferably, the total viable count in the mixed seed liquid ≥ 10 8 cfu / mL.

[0022] Further preferably, the inoculation amount of the mixed seed liquid is 3 - 5% of the weight of the straw.

[0023] Further preferably, the straw is wheat straw, and the water content of the wheat straw is 35 - 45%.

[0024] Further preferably, the fermentation temperature is 30 - 35°C, and the fermentation time is 3 - 5 days.

[0025] Preferably, in step (2), the trunk is fixed at a position 12 - 20 cm above the ground.

[0026] Preferably, in step (3), bud rubbing is carried out in spring, and pinching, vine tying and shaping are carried out in summer.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0028] The present invention uses a mixture of straw fermentate, humic acid, urea, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, borax, magnesium chloride, zinc sulfate and ferrous sulfate to prepare a winter fertilizer, and applies the winter fertilizer to the soil to be planted to enhance soil fertility, so as to ensure the safe overwintering of kiwifruit plants. Then, the kiwifruit seedlings are planted. After the seedlings germinate after planting, no pruning treatment is carried out on the plants, and they are allowed to grow freely to promote the root development of the plants; in the second year after planting, after the leaves fall in autumn, the above-ground part of the plants is pruned and retracted, and plump buds are selected for trunk fixation. In the next spring, plump buds are selected as the main trunk for cultivation, and other buds are erased at the same time. When the plants grow to 1.8 m, pinching is carried out to promote the formation of a one-trunk two-vine tree shape; in the third year after planting, the fruiting mother branches are mainly cultivated to form a one-trunk two-vine feather-shaped tree shape, and then through cultivation management, it can be achieved.

[0029] The winter fertilizer prepared by the present invention can improve the stability of cell membranes, the content of sugars and amino acids, and the enzyme activity of the ROS scavenging system, thereby improving the tolerance of kiwifruit to low-temperature environments, and further ensuring the safe overwintering of kiwifruit during the planting process. Among them, Enterobacter mori, Kocuria rosea and Trichoderma harzianum are used in combination as fermentation strains to ferment straw to obtain straw fermentate. Utilizing the characteristics of these three strains, they have a synergistic effect in improving the overwintering ability of kiwifruit. Specific embodiments

[0030] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and aims to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs.

[0031] In the prior art, kiwifruit has poor cold tolerance. When the temperature continuously drops below -10°C, it will cause frost damage, resulting in serious economic losses. The anti-freezing measures for the safe overwintering of kiwifruit include: increasing the application of organic fertilizer to strengthen the tree vigor, painting the tree trunk white or applying anti-freezing agent, using wheat straw to bundle the tree trunk for anti-freezing, etc. Among them, the tree trunk is painted white and bundled. However, when large-scale kiwifruit is planted, the workload is large and it requires a large amount of labor cost and time cost.

[0032] Based on this, the present invention provides a cultivation and planting method for kiwifruit in a one-two-three pattern. Specifically, in the first year, root cultivation: the kiwifruit seedlings are planted. After the seedlings germinate after planting, the plants are not pruned and are allowed to grow freely to promote the root development of the plants; in the second year after planting, after the autumn leaves fall, the above-ground part of the plants is pruned and retracted, and full buds are selected for trunking. In the following spring, full buds are selected as the main trunk for cultivation, and other buds are removed at the same time. When the plants grow to 1.8 m, they are pinched to promote the formation of a one-trunk two-vine tree shape; in the third year after planting, the fruiting mother branches are mainly cultivated to form a one-trunk two-vine feather-shaped tree shape, and then through cultivation management, it is completed.

[0033] Among them, the present invention uses Enterobacter mori, the seed solution of Kocuria rhizophila, and Trichoderma harzianum in combination as fermentation strains to ferment straw to obtain a straw ferment, and uses the straw ferment as a raw material, and cooperates with humic acid, urea, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, borax, magnesium chloride, zinc sulfate and ferrous sulfate to prepare winter fertilizer. The combination of Enterobacter mori, the seed solution of Kocuria rhizophila, and Trichoderma harzianum is used as fermentation strains to ferment straw to obtain a straw ferment. Utilizing the characteristics of these three strains, they have a synergistic effect in improving the overwintering ability of kiwifruit. Straw extract can improve the stability of cell membranes, prevent the outflow of intracellular substances, maintain normal physiological functions and metabolic activities of cells, reduce the damage of low temperature to cells, and enhance the overwintering ability of kiwifruit; it can also promote the accumulation of osmotic adjustment substances such as sugars and amino acids in kiwifruit plants. These substances can lower the freezing point of cell sap, increase the osmotic pressure of cells, make cells not easily freeze and dehydrate in low temperature environments, maintain cell turgor pressure, ensure normal physiological functions of cells, and enhance the cold resistance of kiwifruit; the straw ferment can also induce kiwifruit plants to enhance the activity of enzymes in the ROS scavenging system. These enzymes can timely remove excessive ROS in cells, reduce oxidative damage, enable kiwifruit to maintain normal physiological metabolism in low temperature environments, and improve its overwintering ability. At the same time, the combination of Enterobacter mori, Kocuria rhizophila, and Trichoderma harzianum is used as fermentation strains to ferment straw to obtain a straw ferment. Utilizing the characteristics of these three strains, they have a synergistic effect in improving the overwintering ability of kiwifruit.

[0034] After the leaves fall in autumn, the plant enters a dormant period. At this time, pruning and retraction are carried out to remove dead branches, diseased branches, overcrowded branches and poorly growing branches, which can reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption and allow the plant to store more nutrients in winter, preparing for growth in the coming year. Selecting plump buds and setting the trunk at a height of 15-20 cm from the ground is to determine the trunk height and growth direction of the plant. Plump buds have stronger growth vitality, which can ensure the robust growth of the trunk. The appropriate trunk height is conducive to the plant taking firm root and subsequent management. Spring is a crucial period for plant growth. Selecting suitable plump buds on the trunk after setting the trunk and concentrating nutrient supply can make the trunk grow rapidly and thickly. Removing the remaining redundant buds avoids nutrient dispersion, ensures the growth advantage of the trunk, and ensures the stability of the plant's tree shape structure. When the plant grows to 1.8 m, pinching is carried out. By using the principle of apical dominance of plants, the apical growing point is removed, which inhibits the growth of the top and promotes the plant to distribute more nutrients to the lateral branches, thus promoting the growth of lateral branches and gradually forming a tree shape with one trunk and two vines. On the basis of the formed tree shape with one trunk and two vines, cultivating the fruiting mother branches is a key task. The fruiting mother branches are important branches for flowering and fruiting in the coming year. Selecting branches that are robust in growth and plump in bud eyes as fruiting mother branches and through reasonable pruning and nutrient regulation, enabling them to accumulate sufficient nutrients, lays a solid foundation for subsequent flower bud differentiation and fruiting. As the temperature rises in spring, the plant begins to sprout new buds. Timely bud rubbing can remove redundant buds, avoid excessive nutrient dispersion, retain buds in appropriate positions and with strong growth, ensure that nutrients are concentrated and supplied to the required branches, and promote the growth of the plant and the development of fruiting mother branches. In summer, when the plant grows vigorously, pinching again can control the growth length of the branches, promote the secondary growth of lateral branches and flower bud differentiation. Vine tying is to evenly fix the branches on the support, making the plant distributed reasonably, making full use of space, and at the same time preventing the branches from breaking due to wind or their own weight. Shaping is to make an overall adjustment of the plant according to the requirements of the tree shape with one trunk, two vines and multiple feathers structure, removing overcrowded, cross-shaped and overgrown branches, making the tree shape more regular, improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions, enhancing the photosynthesis efficiency, and thus increasing the yield and quality of the fruits.

[0035] In order to enable those skilled in the art to understand the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0036] The experimental materials used in the embodiments of the present invention are all conventional experimental materials in the art and can be obtained through commercial channels.

[0037] In the present invention, Enterobacter mori, Kocuria rosea and Trichoderma harzianum were all purchased from the China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (CICC). Among them, the strain number of Enterobacter mori is CICC 24161, the strain number of Kocuria rosea is CICC 10190, and the strain number of Trichoderma harzianum is CICC 13056.

[0038] The kiwifruit seedling variety used in the present invention is "Taishan No. 1". The test soil is the Taidong Experimental Demonstration Base of the Shandong Institute of Pomology, with an east longitude of 116°20'-117°59' and a north latitude of 35°38'-36°28'. The average annual precipitation is 697 mm, with a temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate, a neutral to slightly acidic sandy loam soil, an organic matter content of 1%, an available nitrogen content of 19-43 mg / kg, a phosphorus content of 21-34 mg / kg, and a potassium content of 32-68 mg / kg.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] (1) After mixing the seed solutions of Enterobacter mori, Kocuria rosea and Trichoderma harzianum according to a volume ratio of 0.4:0.4:1, a mixed seed solution was obtained, and the total viable count of the mixed seed solution was adjusted to 10 8 cfu / mL;

[0041] The wheat straw was washed and then crushed, and dried to a water content of 40%. The mixed seed solution was inoculated into the straw. Among them, the inoculation amount of the mixed seed solution was 4% of the straw weight. It was fermented and cultured at 32°C for 4 days. After the fermentation was completed, it was filtered, and the filtered liquid was collected and dried to obtain the straw extract.

[0042] 15 parts of straw ferment, 25 parts of humic acid, 25 parts of urea, 20 parts of potassium chloride, 12 parts of potassium sulfate, 3 parts of borax, 2.5 parts of magnesium chloride, 3.5 parts of zinc sulfate, and 8 parts of ferrous sulfate were mixed to obtain the overwintering fertilizer.

[0043] (2) Soil with a pH of 6.5 was selected and plowed, with a plowing depth of 60-80 cm. After plowing, the overwintering fertilizer was applied, and the application amount of the overwintering fertilizer was 220 kg / mu. Then, on March 20, kiwifruit seedlings were planted. During the planting process, the depth of the planting hole was 50 cm, the width of the planting hole was 0.6 m, the plant spacing was 2.8 m×3.5 m, and the male-female plant ratio was 9:1;

[0044] After the plants are planted and germinated, no pruning treatment is carried out on the plants, and field management is coordinated to promote the root development of kiwifruit seedlings. Specifically, urea is applied to the surviving kiwifruit seedlings twice a month, and the application amount each time is 150 g / plant;

[0045] (3) After the autumn leaves fall, prune and retract the above-ground part of the plants, select plump buds and set the trunk at a distance of 16 cm from the ground. In the following spring, select plump buds on the trunk after setting the trunk to cultivate the main trunk, and remove other buds at the same time. When the plant height ≥ 1.8 m, carry out pinching treatment to form a one-trunk two-vine tree shape;

[0046] (4) On the basis of the one-trunk two-vine tree shape, carry out pruning treatment and water and fertilizer management on the plants, focus on cultivating the fruiting mother branches to form a one-trunk two-vine feather-shaped tree shape, then carry out bud rubbing treatment in spring, and carry out pinching treatment, vine tying treatment and shaping treatment in summer. When the kiwifruit is ripe, it can be picked.

[0047] Example 2:

[0048] (1) After the seed liquid of Enterobacter mori, the seed liquid of Kocuria rosea and the seed liquid of Trichoderma harzianum are mixed at a volume ratio of 0.3:0.3:0.8, a mixed seed liquid is obtained, and the total viable bacteria count of the mixed seed liquid is adjusted to 10 8 cfu / mL;

[0049] Wash the wheat straw and then crush it, dry it until its water content is 35%, inoculate the mixed seed liquid into the straw. Among them, the inoculation amount of the mixed seed liquid is 3% of the straw weight, and ferment and culture at 30 °C for 3 days. After the fermentation is completed, filter, collect the filtered liquid and dry it to obtain the straw extract;

[0050] Mix 10 parts of straw ferment, 20 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of urea, 15 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5 parts of borax, 2 parts of magnesium chloride, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, and 5 parts of ferrous sulfate to obtain the overwintering fertilizer;

[0051] (2) Select soil with a pH of 6.5, carry out plowing treatment on it, the plowing depth is 60 cm, apply the overwintering fertilizer after plowing, the application amount of the overwintering fertilizer is 200 kg / mu, and then carry out kiwifruit seedling planting on March 20. During the planting process, the depth of the planting hole is 40 cm, the width of the planting hole is 0.5 m, the plant spacing is 2.5 m × 3 m, and the male-female plant ratio is 8:1;

[0052] After the plants are planted and germinated, no pruning treatment is carried out on the plants, and field management is coordinated to promote the root development of kiwifruit seedlings. Specifically, urea is applied to the surviving kiwifruit seedlings twice a month, and the application amount each time is 100 g / plant;

[0053] (3) After the autumn leaves fall, prune and retract the above-ground part of the plant. Select plump buds and perform trunk cutting at a position 12 cm above the ground. In the following spring, select plump buds on the trunked plant to cultivate the main trunk, and remove other buds at the same time. When the plant height ≥ 1.8 m, perform pinching to form a one-trunk two-vine tree shape;

[0054] (4) On the basis of the one-trunk two-vine tree shape, perform pruning and water and fertilizer management on the plant, and focus on cultivating the fruiting mother branches to form a one-trunk two-vine feather-shaped tree shape. Then, perform bud rubbing in spring, pinching, vine tying and shaping in summer. After the kiwifruit is ripe, it can be picked.

[0055] Example 3:

[0056] (1) After mixing the Enterobacter mori seed liquid, Kocuria rosea seed liquid and Trichoderma harzianum seed liquid according to a volume ratio of 0.5:0.5:1.2, a mixed seed liquid is obtained, and the total viable bacteria count of the mixed seed liquid is adjusted to 10 8 cfu / mL;

[0057] Wash the wheat straw and then crush it, and dry it until its moisture content is 45%. Inoculate the mixed seed liquid into the straw. The inoculation amount of the mixed seed liquid is 5% of the straw weight. Ferment and culture at 35 °C for 5 days. After the fermentation is completed, filter, collect the filtered liquid and dry it to obtain the straw extract;

[0058] Mix 20 parts of straw ferment, 30 parts of humic acid, 30 parts of urea, 25 parts of potassium chloride, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 3.5 parts of borax, 3 parts of magnesium chloride, 4 parts of zinc sulfate and 10 parts of ferrous sulfate to obtain the overwintering fertilizer;

[0059] (2) Select soil with a pH of 6.5, perform plowing treatment on it, and the plowing depth is 80 cm. After plowing, apply the overwintering fertilizer, and the application amount of the overwintering fertilizer is 240 kg / mu. Then, perform kiwifruit seedling planting on March 20. During the planting process, the depth of the planting hole is 60 cm, the width of the planting hole is 0.7 m, the plant spacing is 3 m × 4 m, and the male-female plant ratio is 10:1;

[0060] After the planted seedlings germinate, do not perform pruning on the plants, and cooperate with field management to promote the root development of kiwifruit seedlings. Specifically, apply urea to the surviving kiwifruit seedlings twice a month, and the application amount each time is 200 g / plant;

[0061] (3) After the autumn leaves fall, prune and retract the above-ground part of the plant. Select plump buds and perform trunk cutting at a position 16 cm above the ground. In the following spring, select plump buds on the trunked plant to cultivate the main trunk, and remove other buds at the same time. When the plant height ≥ 1.8 m, perform pinching to form a one-trunk two-vine tree shape;

[0062] (4) On the basis of the one-trunk two-vine tree shape, prune the plants and manage the water and fertilizer, focusing on cultivating the fruiting mother branches to form a one-trunk two-vine feather-shaped tree shape. Then, carry out bud rubbing in spring, and carry out heart pinching, vine tying and shaping in summer. After the kiwifruit is ripe, it can be picked.

[0063] Comparative Example 1:

[0064] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the straw extract is wheat straw.

[0065] Comparative Example 2:

[0066] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the mixed seed liquid is only Enterobacter mori seed liquid, and the viable bacteria count of the mixed seed liquid is adjusted to 10 8 cfu / mL.

[0067] Comparative Example 3:

[0068] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the mixed seed liquid is only Kocuria rosea seed liquid, and the viable bacteria count of the mixed seed liquid is adjusted to 10 8 cfu / mL.

[0069] Comparative Example 4:

[0070] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the mixed seed liquid is only Trichoderma harzianum seed liquid, and the viable bacteria count of the mixed seed liquid is adjusted to 10 8 cfu / mL.

[0071] Test Example 1: Cold resistance test

[0072] Refer to the method in the reference paper "Physiological Responses and Cold Resistance Evaluation of Kiwifruit during Overwintering Period" (Mao Kexin, Shandong Agricultural University, May 2022) to detect the cold resistance of the kiwifruit saplings in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4. Among them, samples were taken on February 15th of the second year after planting, and the sampled branches were placed at -20°C for 12 h, avoiding the bud eyes, and mixed evenly as the low-temperature treatment samples. The cold resistance detection indexes include: relative conductivity, malondialdehyde content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, proline content, peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. The results are shown in Tables 1-3.

[0073] Table 1 Relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content

[0074] Group Relative conductivity (%) Malondialdehyde content (μmol / L) Example 1 21 1.9 Comparative Example 1 32 5.2 Comparative Example 2 29 4.3 Comparative Example 3 28 4.5 Comparative Example 4 30 4.2

[0075] Relative conductivity is an important physiological index reflecting the condition of the plant membrane system. When plants are subjected to low-temperature stress, the cell membrane tissue is easily damaged, and the leakage of cell sap leads to an increase in relative conductivity. Thus, the higher the relative conductivity, the higher the degree of damage to plant cells and the poorer the cold tolerance. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the final product of membrane lipid peroxidation and can reflect the degree of adversity damage suffered by plants. The higher the content of malondialdehyde, the higher the degree of peroxidation of the cell membrane lipid of the plant and the more serious the damage to the cell membrane.

[0076] As can be seen from Table 1, after applying the overwintering fertilizer prepared by the present invention, the relative conductivity is 21%, and the malondialdehyde content is 1.9 μmol / L. Compared with the blank control group (Comparative Example 1), the relative conductivity is reduced by 11%, and the malondialdehyde content is reduced to 3.3 μmol / L. In Comparative Example 2, only Enterobacter mori was used as the fermentation strain, with a relative conductivity of 29% and a malondialdehyde content of 4.3 μmol / L; in Comparative Example 3, only Kocuria rosea was used as the fermentation strain, with a relative conductivity of 28% and a malondialdehyde content of 4.5 μmol / L; in Comparative Example 4, only Trichoderma harzianum was used as the fermentation strain, with a relative conductivity of 30% and a malondialdehyde content of 4.2 μmol / L. Thus, it can be seen that the combination of Enterobacter mori, Kocuria rosea seed liquid and Trichoderma harzianum used in the present invention has a synergistic effect in reducing the malondialdehyde content and relative conductivity.

[0077] Table 2 Contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] An increase in the soluble sugar content can lower the freezing point, promote the metabolic reactions of tissues, and accumulate the synthesis of proteins and fats, thereby preventing the plant body from being damaged by low temperature. Soluble protein is an important osmotic adjustment substance, and an increase in its content can improve the water retention capacity of cells and play a protective role in the vital substances and biological membranes of cells. Proline is an extremely important osmotic adjustment substance, and its content reflects the stress resistance of plants to a certain extent. Due to the extremely strong hydrophilicity of proline, it can stabilize the protoplasmic colloid and the metabolic process within the tissue, thereby lowering the freezing point and preventing ice formation from damaging the cell membrane tissue. Thus, it can be seen that the higher the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline, the better the cold tolerance.

[0081] It can be seen from Table 2 that after using the wintering fertilizer of this embodiment, the soluble sugar content of the kiwifruit seedlings is 72.5 mg / g, the soluble protein content is 520.3 mg / g, and the proline content is 102.3 μg / g. The soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and proline content are all higher than the soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline contents in the kiwifruit seedlings in Comparative Examples 1-4. It can be seen that the wintering fertilizer prepared by the present invention can significantly improve the cold resistance of kiwifruit.

[0082] Table 3 Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities

[0083]

[0084] Superoxide dismutase can remove superoxide anion free radicals in plants, maintain the body's oxidation and antioxidant balance, and avoid cell damage. Peroxidase is an enzyme with high body activity in plants. It is related to plant respiration, photosynthesis, auxin oxidation, etc. It can protect cells by catalyzing toxic substances produced in redox reactions. It plays an important role in plant growth and development and in resisting external stress. Catalase can promote the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into molecular oxygen and water, remove hydrogen peroxide in the body, and thus protect cells from hydrogen peroxide toxicity. It is one of the key enzymes in the biological defense system.

[0085] As can be seen from Table 3, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the kiwifruit after using the winter fertilizer of the present invention is 92.5U / g, the peroxidase (POD) activity is 160.6U / g, and the catalase (CAT) activity is 31.8U / g. Compared with the blank control group (Comparative Example 1), the SOD, POD and CAT enzyme activities are increased by 25.4U / g, 89.7U / g, and 17.2U / g, respectively, which are much higher than the SOD, POD and CAT enzyme activities in Comparative Examples 1-4. It can be seen that the winter fertilizer prepared by the present invention can improve the cold resistance of kiwifruit by increasing the activities of SOD, POD and CAT enzymes.

[0086] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A kiwifruit one-two-three cultivation and planting method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Root care in the first year: The soil for planting kiwifruit is plowed and winter fertilizer is applied, and then the kiwifruit seedlings are planted. After germination, the plants are not pruned, and field management is performed to promote root development of the plants; The wintering fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of straw fermentation, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of potassium chloride, 10-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5-3.5 parts of borax, 2-3 parts of magnesium chloride, 3-4 parts of zinc sulfate, and 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate; (2) Tree care in the second year: After the leaves fall in autumn, the above-ground part of the plant is pruned back, and full buds are selected and fixed. In the spring of the following year, full buds are selected from the fixed-trunk plants as the main vines for cultivation, and other buds are removed. When the plant height is ≥1.8m, the top is pinched to form a tree shape with one trunk and two vines; (3) Shaping in the third year: Prune the plants and manage water and fertilizer to form a feather-like tree shape with one trunk and two vines. Then, remove buds, pinch the tops, tie the vines and shape the plants. The kiwifruit can be picked when it is ripe.

2. The kiwifruit one-two-three cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the pH of the soil for planting kiwifruit is 5.5-7.0, the tillage depth is 60-80 cm, and the amount of winter fertilizer applied is 200-240 kg / mu.

3. The kiwifruit one-two-three cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the planting time is from March to April every year, the depth of the planting hole is 40-60 cm, the width of the planting hole is 0.5-0.7 m, the plant spacing is (2.5-3) m×(3-4) m, and the ratio of male to female plants is (8-10):

1.

4. The kiwifruit one-two-three cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the straw fermentation product is prepared by the following method: The seed liquid of Enterobacter mulberry, the seed liquid of Coxsella rosea and the seed liquid of Trichoderma harzianum are mixed to obtain a mixed seed liquid, which is inoculated into straw, and after fermentation and cultivation, filtered and dried to obtain a straw fermentation product.

5. The kiwifruit one-two-three cultivation and planting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The strain number of Enterobacter mulberry is CICC 24161, the strain number of Coxiella rosea is CICC 10190, and the strain number of Trichoderma harzianum is CICC13056.

6. The kiwifruit one-two-three cultivation and planting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The volume ratio of Enterobacter mulberry seed solution, Coxsackia rosea seed solution and Trichoderma harzianum seed solution is (0.3-0.5): (0.3-0.5): (0.8-1.2); the total number of viable bacteria in the mixed seed solution is ≥10 8 cfu / mL.

7. The kiwifruit one-two-three cultivation and planting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inoculation amount of the mixed seed liquid is 3-5% of the weight of the straw, the fermentation temperature is 30-35° C., and the fermentation time is 3-5 days; the straw is wheat straw, and the water content of the wheat straw is 35-45%.

8. The kiwifruit one-two-three cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the field management is: applying nitrogen fertilizer to the surviving kiwifruit seedlings twice a month, with the application amount of each time being 100-200 g / plant, and the nitrogen fertilizer is urea.

9. The kiwifruit one-two-three cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the stems are fixed at a height of 12-20 cm from the ground.

10. The kiwifruit one-two-three cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), bud removal is performed in spring, and pinching, vine tying and shaping are performed in summer.

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