Bamboo-based waste feed utilization method and bamboo-based feed raw material prepared by bamboo-based waste feed utilization method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of biology, in particular to a bamboo-based waste feed utilization method and a bamboo-based feed raw material prepared through the bamboo-based waste feed utilization method. The method comprises the steps that the moisture content of the bamboo-based waste is adjusted, and steam explosion treatment is carried out under the conditions that the explosion pressure is 2-2.5 MPa and the pressure maintaining time is 120-180 s; after treatment, drying, uniformly crushing and sieving to obtain steam explosion bamboo powder; uniformly mixing the steam explosion bamboo powder with nutrient substances required by fermentation to obtain a fermentation substrate; adding cellulase, beta-glucosidase and xylanase into the fermentation substrate, inoculating saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida utilis, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus plantarum, uniformly mixing, and performing solid-state fermentation to obtain the bamboo-based feed raw material. According to the method, cellulose in the bamboo-based waste can be effectively degraded, in-vitro bionic digestion and in-vitro rumen fermentation experiments prove that the effective utilization rate of the bamboo-based feed raw materials prepared through the method is remarkably increased, and the problem that the bamboo-based waste is difficult to be applied as feed is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of biotechnology, and particularly to a method for feed utilization of bamboo-based waste and a bamboo-based feed raw material prepared thereby. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the livestock industry in China, the demand for feed grains has increased sharply. As the world's largest livestock country, the proportion of feed grain consumption in the total grain consumption in China has been increasing. However, China's arable land resources are limited, and the total arable land has been continuously decreasing due to the urbanization and industrialization processes, which has further exacerbated the tense situation of feed grain supply and demand. To alleviate the current contradiction of "competition for grain between humans and livestock", it has become particularly urgent to develop and utilize non-grain feed resources.

[0003] Bamboo-derived lignocellulosic raw materials are a kind of renewable unconventional feed resource. In particular, Bambusa textilis McClure is an excellent raw material for making fermented feed. Bamboo powder contains various bioactive components such as polysaccharides and flavonoid compounds, and these components have a significant regulatory effect on the immune system of animals. The applicant's previous research found that feeding growing-finishing pigs with 5% or 10% fermented bamboo powder instead of wheat bran increased the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and immunoglobulin A in serum. Jing-wei et al. found that the flavonoid substances in bamboo powder also have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which can reduce intestinal inflammation and improve intestinal barrier function. Dai, Lin et al. found that supplementing periparturient sows with 60 gd -1 bamboo powder can increase the water content in sows' feces, reduce oxidative damage, and tend to reduce the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogenic Clostridium in suckling piglets, while reducing the microbial diversity of sows' feces. Dai Fawen et al. found that adding 1% ultrafine bamboo powder can improve the fecal flora composition of weaned piglets and reduce the number of Escherichia coli. Similar research results have also been verified in poultry and aquatic animals. For example, Dai et al. fed broilers with micro-powdered bamboo powder and found that the cecal organ index, jejunal villus height, and the abundance of cellulose-decomposing bacteria in cecal chyme were significantly improved. To sum up, bamboo powder feed has potential application value in improving animal intestinal health and enhancing disease resistance, and is expected to become an important green feed additive in the future. All of the above studies used Bambusa textilis McClure as the raw material to produce bamboo powder, that is, cutting and pulverizing the whole bamboo to prepare the bamboo powder.

[0004] It is worth noting that there are more than 130 million tons of bamboo-based waste to be treated in China every year, including bamboo chips and powders generated from bamboo processing, waste bamboo, and disposable bamboo products. Generally, they are often landfilled or incinerated as domestic and industrial waste. This will cause certain pressure on the environment and ecology, and at the same time is a waste of natural resources.

[0005] Bamboo-based waste is difficult for animals to digest and utilize due to its excessive lignocellulose content, which limits its application as an energy feed in the field of livestock and poultry feed. Most existing studies use bamboo-based waste to prepare chemical products such as ethanol fuel, textiles, and composite materials, and there are few reports on the feed application of bamboo-based waste. Based on the application value of bamboo in animal breeding, the feed utilization of bamboo-based waste has important economic and social value. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the above problems, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for feed utilization of bamboo-based waste and the bamboo-based feed raw material prepared thereby. The method of the present invention can effectively degrade cellulose in bamboo-based waste. Through in vitro bionic digestion and in vitro rumen fermentation experiments, it is proved that the effective utilization rate of the bamboo-based feed raw material prepared by the method of the present invention is significantly improved, and the present invention solves the problem that bamboo-based waste is difficult to be used as feed.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for feed utilization of bamboo-based waste, the method comprising: adjusting the moisture content of bamboo-based waste, and performing steam explosion treatment under the conditions of a blasting pressure of 2-2.5 MPa and a pressure holding time of 120-180 s; drying after treatment, uniformly pulverizing, and sieving to obtain steam-exploded bamboo powder; mixing the steam-exploded bamboo powder with nutrients required for fermentation evenly to obtain a fermentation substrate; adding cellulase, β-glucosidase, and xylanase to the fermentation substrate, inoculating Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Bacillus subtilis, and Lactobacillus plantarum, and performing solid-state fermentation after mixing evenly to obtain a bamboo-based feed raw material.

[0009] Through the screening of different heat treatment methods, the present invention finds that the steam explosion pretreatment method can effectively destroy the lignocellulose structure in the bamboo-based waste. Under the steam explosion conditions of the present invention, the cellulose bundles can be exposed, and the relative content of crystalline cellulose can be greatly increased. Further, after the co-fermentation of the enzymes and microorganisms of the present invention, the cellulose degradation rate in bamboo-based waste is significantly improved, and the present invention realizes the feed utilization of bamboo-based waste.

[0010] The second aspect of the present invention provides a bamboo-based feed raw material prepared by the above-mentioned method for feed utilization of bamboo-based waste.

[0011] The third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned bamboo-based feed raw material in the production of animal feed.

[0012] The bamboo-based feed raw material obtained by the present invention has a low production cost and good animal utilization rate, and can be widely used as an energy feed in livestock and poultry breeding.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical advantages:

[0014] (1) The method of the present invention can effectively utilize bamboo-based waste for feed. The prepared bamboo-based feed raw materials have significantly improved dry matter consumption rate, gross energy digestibility, and crude protein digestibility in the pig bionic digestibility test; in the in vitro rumen fermentation test, the dry matter rumen degradation rate and cellulose rumen degradation rate are also significantly improved. It can be seen that the bamboo-based feed raw materials obtained by the present invention can be well utilized by animals. The present invention not only helps to alleviate the contradiction between the supply and demand of feed grains, but also promotes the sustainable development of the livestock industry, and at the same time provides a new direction for the diversified development of the bamboo industry.

[0015] (2) The method of the present invention has mild conditions. The enzymes and microorganisms used can be directly used in animal feed, and no other pollutants are produced during the whole process, which is environmentally friendly; moreover, the steam explosion time of the method of the present invention is short and the enzyme dosage is small. Good results can be obtained through short-term combined fermentation of bacteria and enzymes. The method of the present invention has strong practical value and is suitable for large-scale production applications. Detailed Embodiments

[0016] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further illustration of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs.

[0017] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, and / or combinations thereof.

[0018] To solve the problems described in the background art section, the present invention provides a method for feed utilization of bamboo-based waste. The method includes the following steps: adjusting the moisture content of the bamboo-based waste, and performing steam explosion treatment under the conditions of a blasting pressure of 2-2.5 MPa and a pressure holding time of 120-180 s; drying, uniformly pulverizing, and sieving after treatment to obtain steam-exploded bamboo powder; mixing the steam-exploded bamboo powder with the nutrients required for fermentation evenly to obtain a fermentation substrate; adding cellulase, β-glucosidase, and xylanase to the fermentation substrate, inoculating Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Bacillus subtilis, and Lactobacillus plantarum, and performing solid-state fermentation after mixing evenly to obtain bamboo-based feed raw materials.

[0019] The cellulase, β-glucosidase and xylanase used in the present invention are all feed-grade commercial enzymes. Compared with other commonly used enzymes such as glucanase, pectinase and mannanase, the cellulase, β-glucosidase and xylanase used in the present invention have a more significant degradation effect on lignocellulose in bamboo-based waste.

[0020] The Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum used in the present invention are all probiotics permitted to be used in the "Catalogue of Feed Additive Varieties".

[0021] In some preferred embodiments, the moisture content of the bamboo-based waste is adjusted to 50%-60%, and steam explosion treatment is carried out under the conditions of a blasting pressure of 2 MPa and a holding pressure time of 180 s.

[0022] In some preferred embodiments, the water content of the fermentation substrate is 60%-70%; preferably, the water content of the fermentation substrate is 70%.

[0023] In some preferred embodiments, the addition amounts of each enzyme are as follows: 2.0%-2.5% of cellulase, 1.5%-2.0% of β-glucosidase, and 1.0%-1.4% of xylanase; preferably, the addition amounts of each enzyme are 2.5% of cellulase, 2.0% of β-glucosidase, and 1.2% of xylanase.

[0024] In some preferred embodiments, the inoculation amounts of each bacterium are as follows: 10%-15% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1%-5% of Candida utilis, 1%-5% of Bacillus subtilis, and 1%-5% of Lactobacillus plantarum. Preferably, the inoculation amounts of each bacterium are 12% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4% of Candida utilis, 2% of Bacillus subtilis, and 2% of Lactobacillus plantarum.

[0025] In some preferred embodiments, before solid-state fermentation, it further includes the step of sterilizing the fermentation substrate.

[0026] In some preferred embodiments, the solid-state fermentation temperature is 34-37 °C; preferably, the fermentation temperature is 37 °C.

[0027] The present invention does not make a specific limitation on the fermentation time, and generally, good results can be obtained after 2 days of fermentation.

[0028] The present invention does not make a specific limitation on the nutrients required for fermentation. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the nutrients required for fermentation include corn flour, soybean meal, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and water.

[0029] In some preferred embodiments, the bamboo-based waste includes bamboo chip powder generated from bamboo processing, waste bamboo and disposable bamboo products.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments, for waste bamboo and disposable bamboo products, a crushing treatment step is further included before steam explosion.

[0031] The present invention also provides a bamboo-based feed raw material prepared by the above-mentioned method for feed utilization of bamboo-based waste.

[0032] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned bamboo-based feed raw material in animal feed production.

[0033] In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods.

[0035] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples can all be obtained from commercial channels.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, the percentage (%) in the following examples refers to the weight percentage relative to the composition.

[0037] Cellulase (10000U / g), produced by Wuhan Xinhuyang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., β-glucosidase (25000U / g), produced by Beijing Huamaike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., xylanase (100000U / g), produced by Shandong Longkete Enzyme Preparation Co., Ltd.

[0038] The Bacillus subtilis used in the following examples was purchased from the General Microbiology Center of the China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, with the preservation number CGMCC 1.9086, and the viable count of the inoculated Bacillus subtilis was 2.2×10 7 CFU / mL; Lactobacillus plantarum was purchased from the General Microbiology Center of the China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, and the viable count of the inoculated Lactobacillus plantarum was 3.15×10 7 CFU / mL; the commercial number of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae used was BNCC 300560, purchased from Beina Chuanglian Biotechnology Co., Ltd. in the mall, and the viable count of the inoculated Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 2.5×10 7 CFU / mL; Candida utilis with the commercial number BNCC 336517 was purchased from Beina Chuanglian Biotechnology Co., Ltd. in the mall, and the viable count of the inoculated Candida utilis was 1.60×10 7 CFU / mL.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] A method for feed utilization of bamboo-based waste, the method comprising the following steps:

[0041] (1) Adjust the moisture content of bamboo-based waste to 50%, and perform steam explosion treatment under the conditions of a blasting pressure of 2 MPa and a pressure-holding time of 180 s; after treatment, dry it, uniformly pulverize it, and pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain steam-exploded bamboo powder.

[0042] (2) Mix the obtained steam-exploded bamboo powder with corn flour and soybean meal in a ratio of 7:2:1 to obtain a mixed material. After dissolving 2% urea, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1% magnesium sulfate in water, add them to the mixed material to obtain a fermentation substrate. Sterilize the obtained fermentation substrate at 121 °C under high pressure for 15 min for standby. The water content of the fermentation substrate is 70%.

[0043] (3) Add 2.5% cellulase, 2.0% β-glucosidase, and 1.2% xylanase to the fermentation substrate; and inoculate 12% Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4% Candida utilis, 2% Bacillus subtilis, and 2% Lactobacillus plantarum; after mixing evenly, perform solid-state fermentation at 37 °C for 2 days to obtain bamboo-based feed raw materials.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] A method for feed utilization of bamboo-based waste, the method comprising the following steps:

[0046] (1) Adjust the moisture content of bamboo-based waste to 50%, and perform steam explosion treatment under the conditions of a blasting pressure of 2.5 MPa and a pressure-holding time of 180 s; after treatment, dry it, uniformly pulverize it, and pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain steam-exploded bamboo powder.

[0047] (2) Mix the obtained steam-exploded bamboo powder with corn flour and soybean meal in a ratio of 7:2:1 to obtain a mixed material. After dissolving 2% urea, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1% magnesium sulfate in water, add them to the mixed material to obtain a fermentation substrate. Sterilize the obtained fermentation substrate at 121 °C under high pressure for 15 min for standby. The water content of the fermentation substrate is 70%.

[0048] (3) Add 2.5% cellulase, 2.0% β-glucosidase, and 1.2% xylanase to the fermentation substrate; and inoculate 12% Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4% Candida utilis, 2% Bacillus subtilis, and 2% Lactobacillus plantarum; after mixing evenly, perform solid-state fermentation at 37 °C for 2 days to obtain bamboo-based feed raw materials.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] A method for feed utilization of bamboo-based waste, the method comprising the following steps:

[0051] (1) Adjust the moisture content of bamboo-based waste to 50%, and perform steam explosion treatment under the conditions of a blasting pressure of 2 MPa and a pressure-holding time of 180 s; after treatment, dry it, uniformly pulverize it, and pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain steam-exploded bamboo powder.

[0052] (2) Mix the obtained steam-exploded bamboo powder with corn flour and soybean meal in a ratio of 7:2:1 to obtain a mixed material. Dissolve 2% urea, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1% magnesium sulfate in water, and then add it to the mixed material to obtain a fermentation substrate. Sterilize the obtained fermentation substrate at 121 °C under high pressure for 15 min for standby. The water content of the fermentation substrate is 70%.

[0053] (3) Add 2.5% cellulase, 2.0% β-glucosidase, and 1.2% xylanase to the fermentation substrate; and inoculate 15% Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4% Candida utilis, 2% Bacillus subtilis, and 2% Lactobacillus plantarum; after mixing evenly, perform solid-state fermentation at 34 °C for 2 days to obtain bamboo-based feed raw materials.

[0054] Example 4

[0055] A method for feed utilization of bamboo-based waste, the method comprising the following steps:

[0056] (1) Adjust the water content of the bamboo-based waste to 50%, and perform steam explosion treatment under the conditions of a blasting pressure of 2 MPa and a pressure holding time of 180 s; after treatment, dry it, uniformly pulverize it, and pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain steam-exploded bamboo powder.

[0057] (2) Mix the obtained steam-exploded bamboo powder with corn flour and soybean meal in a ratio of 7:2:1 to obtain a mixed material. Dissolve 2% urea, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1% magnesium sulfate in water, and then add it to the mixed material to obtain a fermentation substrate. Sterilize the obtained fermentation substrate at 121 °C under high pressure for 15 min for standby. The water content of the fermentation substrate is 70%.

[0058] (3) Add 2.5% cellulase, 2.0% β-glucosidase, and 1.2% xylanase to the fermentation substrate; and inoculate 10% Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4% Candida utilis, 2% Bacillus subtilis, and 2% Lactobacillus plantarum; after mixing evenly, perform solid-state fermentation at 37 °C for 2 days to obtain bamboo-based feed raw materials.

[0059] Example 5

[0060] A method for feed utilization of bamboo-based waste, the method comprising the following steps:

[0061] (1) Adjust the water content of the bamboo-based waste to 50%, and perform steam explosion treatment under the conditions of a blasting pressure of 2 MPa and a pressure holding time of 180 s; after treatment, dry it, uniformly pulverize it, and pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain steam-exploded bamboo powder.

[0062] (2) Mix the obtained steam-exploded bamboo powder with corn flour and soybean meal in a ratio of 7:2:1 to obtain a mixed material. Dissolve 2% urea, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1% magnesium sulfate in water, and then add it to the mixed material to obtain a fermentation substrate. Autoclave the obtained fermentation substrate at 121 °C for 15 min for standby. The water content of the fermentation substrate is 60%.

[0063] (3) Add 2.5% cellulase, 2.0% β-glucosidase, and 1.2% xylanase to the fermentation substrate; and inoculate 10% Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4% Candida utilis, 2% Bacillus subtilis, and 2% Lactobacillus plantarum; after mixing evenly, perform solid-state fermentation at 34 °C for 2 days to obtain a bamboo-based feed raw material.

[0064] Control Example 1

[0065] A method for feed utilization of bamboo-based waste, the method comprising the following steps:

[0066] (1) Adjust the water content of the bamboo-based waste to 50%, and perform steam explosion treatment under the conditions of a blasting pressure of 2.5 MPa and a pressure holding time of 90 s; after treatment, dry it, uniformly pulverize it, and pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain steam-exploded bamboo powder.

[0067] (2) Mix the obtained steam-exploded bamboo powder with corn flour and soybean meal in a ratio of 7:2:1 to obtain a mixed material. Dissolve 2% urea, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1% magnesium sulfate in water, and then add it to the mixed material to obtain a fermentation substrate. Autoclave the obtained fermentation substrate at 121 °C for 15 min for standby. The water content of the fermentation substrate is 57%.

[0068] (3) Inoculate the fermentation substrate with a compound microbial agent at an inoculation amount of 15%, and the compound microbial agent is composed of Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 2:1:1; add 4% of a compound enzyme preparation, and the compound enzyme is composed of cellulase:xylanase, pectinase in a mass ratio of 8:5:2; after mixing evenly, perform solid-state fermentation at 31 °C for 2 days to obtain a bamboo-based feed raw material.

[0069] Control Example 2

[0070] A method for feed utilization of bamboo-based waste, the method comprising the following steps:

[0071] (1) Adjust the water content of the bamboo-based waste to 50%, and perform steam explosion treatment under the conditions of a blasting pressure of 2 MPa and a pressure holding time of 180 s; after treatment, dry it, uniformly pulverize it, and pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain steam-exploded bamboo powder.

[0072] (2) Add water to the steam-exploded bamboo powder obtained according to the material-water ratio of 1:5 g / L. Add 2.5% of cellulase, 2.0% of β-glucosidase and 1.2% of xylanase by mass percentage, and enzymatically hydrolyze at 46 °C for 74 h to obtain bamboo-based feed raw materials.

[0073] Comparative Example 3

[0074] A method for feed utilization of bamboo-based waste, the method comprising the following steps:

[0075] (1) Adjust the moisture content of the bamboo-based waste to 50%, and perform steam explosion treatment under the conditions of a blasting pressure of 2 MPa and a pressure-holding time of 180 s; after treatment, dry, uniformly pulverize, and pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain steam-exploded bamboo powder.

[0076] (2) Mix the obtained steam-exploded bamboo powder with corn flour and soybean meal in a ratio of 7:2:1 to obtain a mixture. Dissolve 2% urea, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1% magnesium sulfate in water, and then add them to the mixture to obtain a fermentation substrate. Sterilize the obtained fermentation substrate at 121 °C under high pressure for 15 min for standby. The water content of the fermentation substrate is 50%.

[0077] (3) Add 2.5% of cellulase, 2.0% of β-glucosidase and 1.2% of xylanase to the fermentation substrate; inoculate 5% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4% of Candida utilis, 2% of Bacillus subtilis and 2% of Lactobacillus plantarum; mix evenly and perform solid-state fermentation at 34 °C for 2 days to obtain bamboo-based feed raw materials.

[0078] Test Example

[0079] In the following test examples, the bamboo chip powder waste generated during bamboo processing is taken as an example for illustration.

[0080] 1. Determine the cellulose degradation rate of each treatment group

[0081] Measure the bamboo chip powder waste without any treatment and each component in the bamboo powder, and the obtained results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0082] Table 1 Component contents in bamboo chip powder waste and fresh bamboo powder

[0083]

[0084] Note: The bamboo powder is a 40-100 mesh powder obtained by cutting, drying and pulverizing the above-ground part (including bamboo branches and leaves) of 1-2 year-old bamboo.

[0085] As can be seen from Table 1, the lignin content in the bamboo chip powder waste is 2.8 times that of bamboo powder, and the cellulose is 1.8 times that of bamboo powder. Compared with other plant straws, the lignocellulose content of bamboo powder is relatively high. Obviously, the bamboo chip powder waste described in the present invention is more difficult to be utilized by animals than bamboo powder.

[0086] Taking the untreated bamboo chip powder waste as a control, the cellulose degradation rates after being treated by the methods described in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were measured respectively, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0087] Table 2 Cellulose degradation rates of each group

[0088]

[0089] As can be seen from Table 2, the cellulose degradation rates in the bamboo chip powder waste after being treated by the methods described in Examples 1-5 are significantly higher than those in Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0090] 2. Pig bionic digestibility test

[0091] The bamboo-based feed raw materials prepared by the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to a pig bionic digestion test.

[0092] (1) Experimental steps

[0093] The bionic digestion test is to evaluate the dry matter digestibility of the feed sample in the presence of the endogenous digestive enzymes of pigs. Each raw material is taken as a group, with 5 replicates in each group and 1 digestion tube for each replicate. The specific operation is carried out according to the operation steps of the "Regulations for the Determination of the Bionic Digestion of the Total Digestible Carbohydrates in Pig Feed". The bionic digestion process of pigs is carried out with reference to the "Technical Regulations for the Determination of the Effectiveness of Feed Enzyme Preparations by In Vitro Simulated Digestion".

[0094] (2) Determination indexes

[0095]

[0096] In the formula: F: the weight of the feed sample (g); DM F : the dry matter content of the feed (two decimal places);

[0097] N F : the dry weight content of the feed nutrient (two decimal places);

[0098] R: the dry weight of the feed residue after hydrolysis (g) = (the dry weight of the weighing bottle + the dry weight of the filter paper + the dry weight of the residue) - (the dry weight of the weighing bottle + the dry weight of the filter paper), where (the dry weight of the weighing bottle + the dry weight of the filter paper + the dry weight of the residue) is weighed once; N R : the dry weight content of the residue nutrient (two decimal places).

[0099] The calculation methods of total digestibility and crude protein digestibility refer to the methods in Wang Ya et al. (2020).

[0100] (3) The obtained test results

[0101] The obtained results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0102] Table 3 Results of bionic digestibility of pig nutritional components

[0103]

[0104] Note: a,b,c Different letters marked in the same row of data indicate significant differences between the data (P < 0.05). The untreated bamboo chip powder waste was used as the control.

[0105] As can be seen from Table 3, the dry matter digestibility, total digestibility, and crude protein digestibility of the bamboo-based feed raw materials prepared by the method described in Example 1 are significantly higher than those of the untreated bamboo chip powder waste (control group) and the bamboo-based feed raw materials prepared by the method described in Comparative Example 1.

[0106] 3. In vitro rumen fermentation experiment

[0107] (1) Experimental steps

[0108] One day before the experiment, accurately weigh 5 g of the following samples into culture bottles respectively. One hour before the experiment, add the prepared buffer solution into the culture bottles (200 mL for each culture bottle), and continuously introduce CO 2 until colorless (using resazurin as an indicator), quickly cover the bottle caps, and place them in a constant temperature shaker and heat to 39 °C for standby. Two hours before morning feeding, collect rumen fluid from 2 rumen fluid donor sheep, filter it through 4 layers of gauze, and quickly divide and fill it into culture bottles (add 50 mL of rumen fluid to each culture bottle) for 24 h of culture. After the fermentation is completed, the fermentation broth is filtered through a 300-mesh nylon cloth, and the residue after filtration is dried in an oven at 65 °C for determining the dry matter degradation rate and fiber component degradation rate. The DM content is determined by the oven drying method, and the NDF, ADF, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents are determined according to the methods of Van Soest et al. (1991). The specific operation refers to the methods of Guo Mengjiao et al. (2024).

[0109] Group 1: The sample is the untreated bamboo chip powder waste;

[0110] Group 2: The sample is the steam-exploded bamboo powder prepared by the method described in step (1) of Example 1;

[0111] Group 3: The sample is the dried sample of the bamboo-based feed raw materials prepared by the method described in Comparative Example 2;

[0112] Group 4: The sample is the sample after drying of the bamboo-based feed raw material prepared by the method described in Example 1.

[0113] (2) Experimental results

[0114] The obtained results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0115] Table 4 In vitro rumen microbial degradation results

[0116]

[0117] Note: a,b,c,d Data marked with different letters in the same row indicate significant differences between the data (P < 0.05).

[0118] As can be seen from Table 4, the in vitro rumen degradation rates of dry matter and cellulose of the enzymolysis-assisted fermentation of exploded bamboo powder in Example 1 are significantly higher than those of other groups (P < 0.05). Among them, compared with the untreated bamboo chip powder waste in Example 1, the in vitro rumen degradation rate of dry matter is significantly increased from 10.54% to 52.20% (P < 0.05), and the in vitro rumen degradation rate of cellulose is significantly increased from 2.15% to 28.27% (P < 0.05).

[0119] The method described in the present invention is also applicable to other bamboo-based waste. After the bamboo-based waste is pulverized, the product prepared according to the method described in the present invention can also be used as a feed raw material.

[0120] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be equivalent replacement methods and are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for utilizing bamboo-based waste as feed, characterized in that: The moisture content of bamboo-based waste is adjusted, and steam explosion treatment is performed under the conditions of explosion pressure of 2-2.5 MPa and pressure maintenance time of 120-180 s; after the treatment, the waste is dried, evenly crushed, and sieved to obtain steam-exploded bamboo powder; the steam-exploded bamboo powder is evenly mixed with nutrients required for fermentation to obtain a fermentation substrate; cellulase, beta-glucosidase and xylanase are added to the fermentation substrate, and saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum are inoculated, and solid-state fermentation is performed after evenly mixing to obtain a bamboo-based feed raw material.

2. The method for utilizing bamboo-based waste as feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture content of the bamboo-based waste is adjusted to 50%-60%, and steam explosion treatment is carried out under the conditions of explosion pressure of 2MPa and pressure maintenance time of 180s.

3. The method for utilizing bamboo-based waste as feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water content of the fermentation substrate is 60%-70%; preferably, the water content of the fermentation substrate is 70%.

4. The method for utilizing bamboo-based waste as feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The added amounts of each enzyme are: 2.0%-2.5% of cellulase, 1.5%-2.0% of beta-glucosidase, and 1.0%-1.4% of xylanase; preferably, the added amounts of each enzyme are: 2.5% of cellulase, 2.0% of beta-glucosidase, and 1.2% of xylanase.

5. The method for utilizing bamboo-based waste as feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inoculation amount of each bacteria is: 10%-15% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1%-5% of Candida utilis, 1%-5% of Bacillus subtilis, and 1%-5% of Lactobacillus plantarum; Preferably, the inoculation amount of each bacteria is: 12% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4% of Candida utilis, 2% of Bacillus subtilis, and 2% of Lactobacillus plantarum.

6. The method for utilizing bamboo-based waste as feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before solid-state fermentation, the method further includes a step of sterilizing the fermentation substrate.

7. The method for utilizing bamboo-based waste as feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid state fermentation temperature is 34-37°C; preferably, the fermentation temperature is 37°C.

8. The method for utilizing bamboo-based waste as feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bamboo-based waste includes bamboo dust powder generated by bamboo processing, waste bamboo and disposable bamboo products.

9. The bamboo-based feed raw material prepared according to the method for utilizing bamboo-based waste into feed according to claims 1-8.

10. Use of the bamboo-based feed raw material according to claim 9 in the production of animal feed.

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