Method and apparatus for determining corrections for energy measurements in inductive charging systems

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining a correction value in a primary-side charging plate (105) during the measurement of the energy of a secondary charging plate (104), comprising the following steps: selecting at least one component (601, 602, 603) in the primary-side charging plate (105) having an error or loss, at least one component (601, 602, 603) having an error or loss is affected by at least one error or loss selected from a group of errors consisting of: a measurement error (PGA, err) with respect to the comparison value, an intrinsic loss (Pintr), and a measurement loss (PMVA, err) of the secondary charging plate; determining a total correction factor for each measurement error or loss of the at least one component having the error or loss; a total correction factor is determined, and the total correction factor is written as a correction value to a storage unit (705) of the primary side charging plate (105).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of inductive charging technology. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for determining a measurement error, a compensation device for determining a measurement error, a method for error-corrected measurement of energy supplied to a secondary-side charging plate, a primary-side charging plate for error-corrected measurement of energy supplied to a secondary-side charging plate, and a measurement probe for magnetic field measurement. Background Art

[0002] For the charging of a pure electric vehicle (EV, electric vehicle) or a plug-in hybrid-electric vehicle (PHEV) powered by a combination of fuel and electric energy, if non-contact charging is to be performed, an inductive energy transfer system can be used. In such a system, an alternating magnetic field is generated in the frequency range of 25 to 150 kHz. It should be noted that outside this frequency band, the limitation of electromagnetic wave emission is defined by international valid standards. Although energy is transmitted using a magnetic field in principle, the changing magnetic field means that it is essentially an electromagnetic wave. However, due to the frequency of the alternating magnetic field, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave used in inductive charging is several kilometers.

[0003] As a coupling element for energy transfer, a primary-side charging plate (GA, ground assembly) having a primary coil is used on the fixed side, and a secondary-side charging plate (VA, vehicle assembly) having a secondary coil is used on the vehicle side. The GA and VA form a transformer for coupling and energy transfer. For example, the physical alignment between the coupling elements is measured and adjusted by positioning signals. Different transfer techniques at different frequencies are used for energy transfer and the transfer of positioning signals.

[0004] For example, an inductive charging system uses the GA and VA to charge the vehicle battery of an electric vehicle when it is parked. The primary side of the inductive charging system is usually the side operated by an energy supply company. During charging, the electrical energy on the primary side is converted into an alternating magnetic field and transmitted to the secondary side. The secondary side is usually the consumer side, especially the customer of the energy supplier. On the secondary side, the alternating magnetic field is converted back into electrical energy in the form of direct current to charge the vehicle battery.

[0005] However, if the inductive charging system operates as a charging station in a public space, and the customer thus purchases and pays for the energy provided by the charging station operator, especially an energy supply company, then according to legal requirements, the supplied electrical energy must be measured by a calibrated device.

[0006] For example, in Europe, there is EU Directive 2014 / 32 / EU, known as the "Measuring Instruments Directive" (MID, measurement instrument directive). This directive has been incorporated into German law through the German law through the Measurement and Calibration Act (MessEG) and the Measurement and Calibration Ordinance (MessEV).

[0007] European and German calibration laws define the requirements for the calibration of measuring instruments. These requirements are basically defined as requirements regarding error limits, reproducibility, repeatability, response thresholds and sensitivity, durability, reliability, and applicability.

[0008] The purpose of these requirements is to protect consumers from inaccurate measurements. When measuring consumption, this also includes ensuring that the person responsible for performance losses (such as energy consumers) correctly attributes their consumption to him / her. This is aimed at ensuring correct billing and accurate payment for the amount of energy consumed by consumers.

[0009] It can be considered that the object of the present invention is to be able to effectively determine the amount of energy. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Therefore, a method for determining a correction value, a correction error, and / or a measurement error, a compensation device for determining a correction value and / or a measurement error, a method for error correction and / or measurement of the energy supplied to the secondary side charging plate, a primary side charging plate for error correction and / or calibration measurement of the energy supplied to the secondary side charging plate, and a measurement probe for magnetic field measurement are provided.

[0011] The subject matter of the present invention is specified by the features of the independent claims. Exemplary embodiments and other aspects of the present invention are specified by the dependent claims and the following description.

[0012] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for determining a correction value, a correction error, and / or a measurement error of energy measurement in a primary charging plate when supplying energy to a secondary charging plate. The method includes selecting at least one component to be corrected and / or at least one component having an error in the primary charging plate, wherein the at least one component to be corrected and / or at least one component having an error is affected by at least one interference factor and / or error, and the at least one interference factor and / or error is selected from the group of interference factors consisting of: measurement error relative to a comparison value, intrinsic part measurement error and / or intrinsic part loss, intrinsic measurement error and / or intrinsic loss, and reaction measurement error and / or reaction measurement loss from the secondary charging plate.

[0013] The method further includes determining a total interference factor of each interference factor of the at least one component to be corrected and / or at least one component having an error, and determining a correction value according to the total interference factor and / or the total measurement error, and writing the total interference factor as a correction value into a storage unit of the primary charging plate.

[0014] The method can be used as a method for regulatory calibration and / or calibrating an integrated meter in an inductive charging system. The integrated meter can be implemented using sensors and / or measurement points built into the inductive charging system.

[0015] Through a calibrated reference measuring device, a measurement deviation of the primary charging plate and / or the secondary charging plate relative to a standardized comparison value can be determined, so as to be considered as a correction value in future measurements to compensate for the corresponding errors.

[0016] According to one aspect, the technical possibility of measuring the transferred energy amount can be described, which can meet the requirements of European and German calibration laws.

[0017] According to another aspect of the present invention, the correction value forms a correction curve.

[0018] The correction value can be a single value, or form a correction curve or a compensation curve within a predetermined range. The single value and / or the correction curve can be represented or provided, for example, as a first-order polynomial or as a conversion table.

[0019] The correction and / or the correction value can have values that are added together to form a total value. The correction can be a constant, but can also be a characteristic curve (2D table) and / or even a characteristic map (3D table).

[0020] According to another aspect of the present invention, at least one interference factor is determined by measuring the input power at the primary charging plate. In one example, a calibrated power meter on the primary charging plate can be used to determine the input power measurement. The correction value can be determined according to the at least one interference factor.

[0021] Typically, a primary charging plate may have multiple built-in sensors. These built-in sensors may already exist in the primary charging plate for various measurement tasks, and basically all of them can be used to determine corresponding measured values. However, the positions of the sensors may have been selected so that they are useful for the operation of the primary charging plate and are technically and / or economically feasible. However, the installation positions may not coincide with the energy measurement positions supplied to the customer. In other words, the sensors may be present in the primary charging plate, but may not be installed in such a way that they are located at the positions where the energy supplied to the customer should be measured.

[0022] Nevertheless, by combining different measurements and / or determining correction values, the existing sensors of the primary charging plate can also be used to bill the supplied energy quantity. This additional use can avoid installing additional sensors.

[0023] According to another aspect of the present invention, at least one interference factor is determined by magnetic field measurement in the magnetic field caused by the primary charging plate.

[0024] The magnetic field can be regarded as a transition point for the energy quantity supplied to the consumer. However, during operation, it may be difficult to measure at this transition point at an economically and technically reasonable cost. The consumer may also cause losses through his behavior, for example, by parking the vehicle inaccurately on the primary charging plate, and these losses are his responsibility rather than that of the energy supplier providing the charging.

[0025] By performing magnetic field measurement in the magnetic field caused by the primary charging plate during production and / or after production, it can be determined which part of the supplied energy is attributable to the energy supplier and thus to the primary charging plate, and which part is attributable to the consumer and thus to the secondary charging plate.

[0026] According to another aspect of the present invention, a compensation device for determining a correction value for energy measurement in a primary-side charging plate and writing the correction value into the primary-side charging plate is provided, and the compensation device has a selection device, an evaluation device, and a writing device.

[0027] The selection device is designed to select at least one faulty component and / or component to be corrected in the primary-side charging plate, where at least one faulty component and / or component to be corrected is affected by at least one interference factor, for example, error and / or loss. The interference factors can be selected from the error group consisting of the following items: measurement error relative to a comparison value, intrinsic partial loss and / or intrinsic partial measurement error, intrinsic loss and / or intrinsic measurement error, measurement loss from the secondary charging plate and / or reaction measurement error from the secondary charging plate.

[0028] For example, the error type in the measurement of the built-in sensor can be determined by comparing the built-in sensor with a standardized measuring instrument and / or a calibrated high-quality measuring instrument.

[0029] The evaluation device is designed to determine the total interference factor of each interference factor of at least one faulty component and / or component to be corrected. In addition, the evaluation device is designed to determine a correction value based on the total interference factor.

[0030] The writing device is designed to write the total interference factor as a correction value into the storage unit of the primary-side charging board. For this purpose, the primary-side storage unit can have an interface via which the compensation device and the primary-side charging board can exchange data.

[0031] In this way, the error generated by the sensor built into the primary-side charging board due to the misuse as an energy measurement sensor can be compensated, and the primary-side charging board can be adapted to provide an energy measurement value.

[0032] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for performing a calibration measurement and / or an error correction measurement on the energy supplied to the secondary-side charging board in the primary-side charging board is described. The method is used to determine the input power at the primary-side charging board and to read a correction value from the storage unit of the primary-side charging board, wherein the correction value corrects at least one interference factor of at least one faulty component of the primary-side charging board. The interference factor is selected from the group of interference factors consisting of: measurement error relative to a comparison value, intrinsic partial loss, intrinsic loss, and reactive measurement loss from the secondary charging board.

[0033] The method further includes providing a calibrated, error-corrected, and / or calibrated measurement value.

[0034] For example, a charging infrastructure (such as a primary-side charging board) can be extended to bill for the energy provided by sensors that are already used for other purposes.

[0035] According to another aspect of the present invention, a primary-side charging board for performing a calibration measurement on the energy supplied to the secondary-side charging board is described. The primary-side charging board has an input power measurement device, a correction device, and a storage unit, wherein the input power measurement device is configured to determine the input power at the primary-side charging board.

[0036] The correction device is designed to read a correction value from the storage unit of the primary-side charging board. The correction value corrects at least one interference factor of at least one component of the primary-side charging board to be corrected. The interference factor is selected from the group of interference factors consisting of: measurement error relative to a comparison value, intrinsic partial loss, intrinsic loss, measurement loss from the secondary charging board, especially measurement loss caused by the secondary charging board, for example, measurement loss caused by the reaction of the secondary coil to the primary coil.

[0037] In addition, the calibration device is designed to provide calibrated measurement values and / or error-corrected measurement values.

[0038] The term "error-corrected measurement" or "calibrated measurement" may mean that the measurement error within the specified tolerance range is balanced or compensated by a correction value. After the primary-side charging plate is manufactured (i.e., at the "end of the production line"), the correction value can be determined and saved individually for each primary-side charging plate. In addition, the correction value for a production batch can be determined and stored in the devices of that batch. The correction value can also be determined once during the entire production process and saved in all devices. The error-corrected measurement value may be very close to the actual amount of energy provided, especially the actually transferred energy.

[0039] The correction value can be determined based on the determined total interference factors.

[0040] The process of determining the correction value and loading the correction value onto the primary-side charging plate is called calibration. The primary charging plate equipped with the loaded correction value and performing the corresponding correction is called calibrated.

[0041] In contrast to calibration, by legal definition, regulatory calibration can only be performed by a regulatory agency and thus cannot be performed by the device manufacturer. Calibration basically involves the manufacturer's setting of the measuring device. On the other hand, regulatory calibration basically involves the official confirmation by the regulatory agency that the measuring device complies with legal requirements.

[0042] Therefore, measuring and storing the correction value at the end of the production line can be called "calibration" in order to distinguish the official regulatory calibration performed by the agency from the process of compensating for the interference factors at the end of the production line.

[0043] In other words, the calibration at the end of the production line can ensure that the measurement values obtained by the sensors in the inductive energy transfer system are consistent with the measurement values of the regulatory calibration within the legally permitted tolerance range.

[0044] In one example, the input power measuring device can be a power measurement sensor installed in the power input of the primary-side charging plate, and in addition to the power measurement for billing the amount of energy provided, it also performs other functions.

[0045] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a measurement probe for magnetic field measurement, including a coil, a coil holding device, and a coil positioning device.

[0046] The coil holding device is designed to hold the coil in a magnetic field, wherein the coil positioning device is designed to position the coil of the measurement probe above the coil of the primary-side charging plate such that the maximum possible coupling, especially the maximum achievable coupling, is generated between them.

[0047] The measuring probe can perform standardized comparative measurements on consumers (i.e., the secondary-side charging plate) under the same conditions. The coil positioning device can ensure that the coils are arranged in substantially the same position to achieve maximum coupling during each comparative measurement of different primary-side charging plates. Therefore, standard environmental conditions can be created when determining the correction value and calibrating the primary-side charging plate.

[0048] According to another aspect of the present invention, the coil positioning device further includes a locking element, wherein the locking element is adapted to be locked into the housing of the primary-side charging plate to achieve a large or strong coupling with the primary-side coil. The locking element can substantially ensure a defined positioning to achieve the highest possible coupling. The highest possible coupling can be achieved if the maximum possible magnetic coupling coefficient can be determined between the primary-side charging plate and the secondary-side charging plate.

[0049] The locking element can determine the alignment of the measuring probe with the coil relative to the primary-side charging plate.

[0050] According to another aspect of the present invention, the coil holding device is designed as a table.

[0051] The table shape allows the measuring probe coil to be aligned substantially parallel to the primary-side charging plate, particularly substantially parallel to the primary coil built into the primary-side charging plate.

[0052] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having program code stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, performs at least one method.

[0053] A floppy disk, a hard disk, a USB (Universal Serial Bus) storage unit, a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read-Only Memory), or an EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) can be used as the computer-readable storage medium. An ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) as well as SSD (Solid State Drive) technology or a flash-based storage medium can also be used as the storage medium.

[0054] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a program element, which, when executed by a processor, performs at least one method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] Other exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] Figure 1 An inductive charging system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0057] Figure 2 A rear perspective view of a measuring probe for magnetic field measurement according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0058] Figure 3 A front perspective view of a measurement probe for magnetic field measurement according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0059] Figure 4 Another front perspective view of a measurement probe for magnetic field measurement according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0060] Figure 5 A front perspective view of a measurement probe for magnetic field measurement according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown Figure 3 detail view of the front perspective view.

[0061] Figure 6 A schematic block diagram showing losses occurring on the primary side and secondary side of an inductive charging system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0062] Figure 7 An arrangement for calibrating the input power measurement of a GA according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0063] Figure 8 An arrangement for calibrating the losses of a GA without a PFC filter according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0064] Figure 9 An arrangement for calibrating the intrinsic losses of a GA according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0065] Figure 10 An arrangement for performing a complete calibration of power measurement in a GA according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0066] Figure 11 A flowchart of a method for determining a measurement error in a primary side charging plate when supplying energy to a secondary charging plate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0067] Figure 12 A flowchart of a method for performing error correction measurement of the energy supplied to a secondary side charging plate 104 in a primary side charging plate 105 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] The illustrations in the drawings are schematic and not drawn to scale. In the following description of Figures 1 to 12 the same reference numerals are used for identical or corresponding elements.

[0069] In this document, the terms "capacitor" and "capacitance" and "coil" or "choke" and "inductance" may be used synonymously and should not be construed restrictively unless otherwise specified. In addition, the terms "energy" and "power" may be used interchangeably and should not be construed restrictively unless otherwise specified. Power can be converted to energy by calculation and vice versa.

[0070] Figure 1 An inductive charging system 100 or a system 100 for energy transfer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. This shows a side view of a non-contact charging system for an electric vehicle. There is a vehicle assembly (VA) 104 or a car pad module (CPM) 104 under the vehicle chassis 102, which is used to supply power to the vehicle 102. A magnetic field 106 for transferring energy is inductively provided by a ground assembly (GA) 105 or a ground pad module (GPM) 105 fixedly mounted on the floor 103. The energy required for charging comes from a power supply connection 107, which can be alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). For communication between the VA 104 and the GA 105, an independent connection 101 is used. Exemplarily, it can use wireless protocols such as WLAN (Wireless LAN), UWB (Ultra Wideband), or NFC. This connection can be used as a feedback channel 101 or a communication channel 101 through which the VA 104 and the GA 105 can exchange information. The magnetic field 106 for energy transfer and the wireless signal 101 are both electromagnetic waves, but they have different frequencies.

[0071] Figure 2 A rear view perspective view of a measurement probe 104' for magnetic field measurement according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0072] The measurement probe 104' or MVA 104' is arranged above the GA 105 and is in the shape of a table. The measurement probe 104' has a coil 202 and a coil holding device 201. The coil holding device 201 is in the shape of a table and has coil positioning devices 203 on the table legs.

[0073] The coil holding device 201 is designed to hold the coil 202 in the magnetic field of the GA 105, wherein the coil positioning device 203 is designed to position the coil 202 in such a way that the coil of the measurement probe and the coil of the primary side charging plate generate the maximum possible coupling, especially the maximum achievable coupling.

[0074] Even if the coil of the measurement probe is aligned geometrically essentially purely with respect to the coil of the primary-side charging plate, such that the maximum possible coupling is achieved between the two coils, this coupling essentially only occurs at the moment when the magnetic field is switched on.

[0075] The coil is connected to the measurement device housing 204 or the load 204, in which energy is stored or dissipated. Similarly, at the connection point where the load 204 is connected to the coil, a calibration measurement device for performing power measurement and / or energy measurement is also connected. In particular, a calibrated measuring instrument can be used for comparative measurements. The compensation device 706 can be connected to the measurement device housing 204 and / or the connection point between the coil and the measurement device housing (the compensation device 706 is not shown in Figure 2 ).

[0076] The measurement probe 104’ serves as a standardized secondary-side measurement system 104’, which essentially replicates the function of the VA 104 under essentially standardized conditions.

[0077] Figure 3 A front perspective view of a measurement probe 104’ for magnetic field measurement according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0078] In this view, the locking element 203 can be seen, which essentially ensures that the coil 202 is positioned in the same way with respect to the GA105 in each measurement.

[0079] Figure 4 Another front perspective view of a measurement probe 104’ for magnetic field measurement according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0080] Figure 5 A front perspective view of a measurement probe 104’ for magnetic field measurement according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown Figure 3 in a detailed view.

[0081] Here it can be seen how the locking element 203 is physically connected to the GA 105, for example, by locking to the GA 105 in order to establish a constant position of the coil 202 relative to the GA 105 when a plurality of GA 105 are calibrated one after the other. The locking element 203 is at least partially adapted to the contour of the DA 105, in particular to the shape of the housing of the GA 105.

[0082] As Figures 2 to 5As shown, the basic measurement setup for calibrating the inductive charging system 100’ has a primary side charging plate 105 or GA 105, which is provided at the end of the continuous production process. The measurement setup also includes a measurement probe 104’ or a secondary side measurement system 104’ (MVA, measurement vehicle assembly), which is used in place of VA 104. Thus, MVA 104’ represents the secondary side charging plate 104 (VA, vehicle assembly), which will be installed on the electric vehicle during operation.

[0083] The measurement probe 104’ can ensure consistent and / or standardized measurement conditions during regulatory or normal calibration, while the vehicle-specific VA 104 will basically always produce different measurement results. For example, different results may be due to different geometric alignments of the primary side coil and the VA coil, due to different designs of the coils, or due to differences in positioning or different shielding relative to the primary side charging plate.

[0084] MVA 104’ is designed in such a way that it measures the power transmitted by GA 105 with basically no reaction.

[0085] MVA 104’ is implemented as a coil holding device 201, especially a Plexiglas table 201, which has an embedded coil 202 and a connected load 204’ ( Figures 2 to 5 not shown in the figure). The load 204’ is adaptable and can be accommodated in, for example, a measurement box 204. The load 204’ has connections for measuring current and voltage through a calibrated measurement device 204’’ and / or a standardized measurement device 204’’ ( Figures 2 to 5 not shown in the figure).

[0086] The coil positioning device 203 of MVA 104’ is configured to position the coil 202 in the magnetic field generated by GA 105 so that the coil 202 has the maximum coupling with the magnetic field. MVA 104’ is locked in the position of the maximum possible magnetic coupling above GA 105. In other words, on the one hand, the height of the coil holding device 201 is selected, and on the other hand, the alignment with the central position of GA 105 is selected so that the magnetic field penetrating the coil 202 has a substantially maximum magnetic coupling with the coil 202. The locking element 203 for determining the distance between the coil holding device 201 and GA 105 can be used for aligning the central position and / or for horizontal alignment.

[0087] The power measurement device 204’ is used to measure the power supplied from GA 105 to MVA 104’ via the magnetic field 106.

[0088] Power losses and / or energy losses within the MVA 104’ are measured, for example, by calorimetric heat and deducted from the measured values of the calibrated measuring device 204’’. Determining losses by calorimetry is only one example of loss determination, in particular for determining interfering factors. Since the resistance of the coil is known, the power loss at the MVA can be calculated.

[0089] Therefore, all losses substantially caused by the secondary side are excluded by this measuring arrangement. The power loss of the MVA can be measured at the end of the frequency band. However, this requires a complex procedure. In one example, the power loss of the MVA can be calculated directly and then added as a constant to the measured power.

[0090] Due to this design, the power transfer point and the measurement point are not the same. Although the power is measured at the input of the primary coil, the point where the power is transferred to the consumer is the magnetic field. However, since the losses and / or interfering factors between the measurement point and the transfer point are determined and corrected using this method, the transferred power at the transfer point, i.e., the transferred power in the magnetic field, can be determined.

[0091] Therefore, at the MVA 104’, the calibrated measuring device 204’’ can be used to perform a substantially accurate measurement of the power transferred by the GA, which corresponds to a measurement directly in the alternating magnetic field 106.

[0092] The calibration of each GA 105 is carried out at the end of the production process, for example, in quality assurance. Therefore, calibration is basically the last step in the production process, namely the so-called “line decalibration”.

[0093] While the measurement is being performed, the GA is switched to the test mode, which turns off the diagnostic functions implemented in the GA 105 to ensure functional safety during calibration. This test mode can be turned on and off by the compensation device 708.

[0094] The load 204’ at the output of the MVA 104’ is adjusted to cover the nominal power range of the MVA for calibration. For example, the nominal power range can cover the range from 9.1 kW to 11.1 kW. In other words, during calibration, the deviation between the measured values generated by the considered GA 105 and the standardized measured values is determined so that these deviations determined under ideal conditions can be used for correction during the operation of the GA 105.

[0095] During the measurements carried out in the calibration phase, the input voltage and the ambient temperature on the GA 105 are kept constant. The input voltage can be kept constant by a regulated power supply. It can be assumed that the temperature remains constant during the measurement process. By keeping the input voltage constant at the power supply connection 107, when the power changes and the input acts as a constant voltage source, the input current will also change substantially.

[0096] One purpose of supervising the calibration measurement and / or the calibration measurement can be to determine a correction curve, which is then stored in the GA 105. The correction curve is used to correct the measured power so that it corresponds to the calibrated power measurement at the MVA 104’. In other words, after applying the correction curve in actual operation, the power and / or energy provided by the GA 105 may be indistinguishable from the reference value of the measurement probe 104’. For this purpose, for example, the display on the correction device 705’ can be compared with the display on the measurement device 204’’. The GA 105 calibrated and / or verified in this way (i.e., the GA to which the correction curve is applied) can be sealed and marked in accordance with the MessEV regulations. Then, it can operate in compliance with the supervisory calibration without any further external intervention and can be used for public and legally compliant energy sales.

[0097] The MVA 104’ can also be used by the supervisory calibration office to inspect the inductive charging system 100, especially to inspect the GA 105 at the installation site. The inspection can be carried out on-site without damaging the seal of the GA 105 or opening the GA 105, which means that the GA 105 can meet another requirement of the calibration law. During the control measurement, it is determined that the power and / or energy measured by the GA 105 is within the tolerance range of the measurement error specified by the calibration law. For this purpose, for example, the display on the correction device 705’ can be compared with the display on the measurement device 204’’.

[0098] The MID directive stipulates the specific requirements for the supervisory calibration of electricity meters in Appendix V. For example, in Germany, charging stations are designated as Class A meters and shall not exceed ±3.5% of the measurement error within the normal temperature range. These requirements are mainly formulated for the measurement of energy consumption at the handover points of the wired power grid. The transmission point or transition point is the interface between the energy supplier and the energy consumer (e.g., the meter in the electricity cabinet of a house), where the consumed energy is measured as the cost of the energy consumer.

[0099] However, when inductively charging an electric vehicle, there is no cable at the handover point to which an energy meter can be attached. Instead, the transfer takes place in the magnetic field 106 in the air gap between the primary charging coil L1 and the secondary charging coil L2 or GA 105 and VA 104. However, it is not possible to perform a cost-effective measurement of the transferred energy in the magnetic field. To comply with calibration laws, the measurement is carried out at another location and the value in the magnetic field is calculated.

[0100] The error correction measurement proposed by the subject matter of the present invention helps to achieve a technically and economically feasible and legally sustainable recording of the consumed energy.

[0101] Since the measurement is not carried out directly in the magnetic field, but by sensors in GA 105 (which are adjusted accordingly by calibration), reliable results can be obtained within a defined error tolerance, and direct measurement of the transferred energy (active power 11 kW, apparent power exceeding 100 kVA) in the high-frequency alternating magnetic field at 85 kHz can be avoided. Performing a measurement with the accuracy, reproducibility and reliability required for consumption measurement in such a strong magnetic field would be too complex. By performing the measurement within GA 105, complex laboratory measurement techniques and time-consuming and laborious measurements under laboratory conditions can be avoided.

[0102] The proposed primary-side charging plate 105 for error correction measurement can dispense with a complex measurement system (with which an economic energy measurement cannot be directly performed on the magnetic field). Since the use of existing components utilizes the measurement sensor systems 702, 703 already integrated in the primary-side charging plate 105, the integration of expensive precision measurement techniques and / or laboratory measurement techniques into an inductive charging station with complex costs and dimensions is avoided by the proposed primary-side charging plate. Therefore, the proposed primary-side charging plate 105 can be used to create an energy distribution system for inductive charging that is both economically and structurally feasible for the charging station operator.

[0103] By using the coupling coils, the way the secondary side and its embedding in the vehicle, as well as the behavior of the consumer, have a significant impact on the consumption losses on the primary side 105. The present invention enables an energy measurement calibrated using MVA, which is not affected by losses that may be caused by the consumer. Therefore, the difference between the output energy and the input energy is the energy loss in the inductive charging system, which is only caused by the primary side and should therefore not be charged to the consumer and must therefore be deducted from the energy measurement. Therefore, the proposed solution can also meet the requirements of calibration laws in inductive charging systems.

[0104] The energy loss in the magnetic field 106 during active operation basically depends on the accuracy of the parking position and the height of the vehicle relative to the GA 105. For example, the height relative to the GA 105 is affected by the vehicle load. These factors are basically influenced by the consumer. If the positioning is inaccurate, that is, if there is an offset between the primary coil L1 and the secondary coil L2, or if the vehicle is at a higher height, the losses will increase. By simultaneously reducing the magnetic coupling and controlling the increase in energy transfer on the primary side (attempting to compensate for these losses), the losses of the power electronics on the primary side increase. Further effects on the losses on the primary side are the battery charge level of the electric vehicle, the charging power required by the vehicle, the size and shielding of the secondary coil and the power electronics installed there, and the metal environment.

[0105] These are the factors that affect the energy loss on the primary side 105, which originate from the vehicle and the driver. Therefore, according to the calibration rules, they must also be attributed to the driver and borne by the driver. By avoiding direct consumption measurements at the magnetic field, these losses are also not wrongly allocated to the energy supplier.

[0106] Figure 6 A schematic block diagram showing the losses occurring on the primary side 105 and the secondary side 104 of an inductive charging system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0107] The causes of the losses are as Figure 6 shown. The main causes of the losses are the three component groups 601, 602, 603 on the primary side 105 and the magnetic field 106 itself. Among these three component groups 601, 602, 603 and the magnetic field 106, disturbing factors (such as losses) affected by the consumer side occur. These losses should be borne by the consumer, rather than the energy supplier.

[0108] The amount of energy supplied from the GA 105 to the VA 104 is provided via the power connection 107. It passes through the PFC (power factor correction) filter 601, which ensures that the alternating current (AC) supplied via the power connection 107 behaves as much as possible like a resistive resistor or an ohmic resistor and contains as low a reactive power component as possible.

[0109] After the PFC filter 601, the energy is supplied to the HVDC (high voltage direct current) circuit 606 and reaches the inverter 602. This generates an AC voltage of 85 kHz, that is, a frequency having a magnetic field 106 generated by an AC voltage having a power supply frequency (for example, 50 Hz or 60 Hz). However, impedance matching occurs in the primary side impedance matching network 603 before the energy is fed into the primary coil L1.

[0110] Energy is transferred to the primary coil L1 via the primary circuit capacitor 607a, thereby generating a magnetic field 106.

[0111] The magnetic field 106 passes through the secondary coil L2, so that energy reaches the secondary side. The energy is transferred from the secondary coil L2 to the secondary impedance matching network 604 via the secondary capacitor 607b. From here, the energy is transferred to the secondary side HVDC circuit via the rectifier 605, and then charges the vehicle battery ( Figure 6 not shown in the figure).

[0112] Separate components of GA and VA will have power losses. The reasons for power losses in the separate components can be determined by the driver or consumer, the vehicle type, and thus can be determined by the consumer and the energy supplier.

[0113] In the PFC filter 601, power losses of -2% to -5% may occur. This power loss is affected by the driver or consumer because the driver determines the parking position, load, and battery charge level. The vehicle type affects the losses occurring in this component due to the vehicle type and the charging power required by the vehicle type itself (e.g., how the vehicle is constructed, what shape the vehicle has, and what materials are used). The energy supplier (e.g., an energy utility) affects the power losses in this component 601 by choosing the design of GA 105. The PFC filter 601 is an electronic circuit composed of components on a PCB (printed circuit board) and their connections. There are losses in the components and connecting wires. Depending on their selection and design, i.e., the design of GA 105, these losses can be greater or smaller. There are also parasitic resistances, inductances, and capacitances, which also cause losses. This may apply to all components of power electronic devices.

[0114] The converter 602 may generate power losses of -1.5% to -7%. This power loss is affected by the driver or consumer when the driver determines the parking position or load. The vehicle type affects the losses occurring in this component, e.g., by the vehicle type, shape, and materials used in this component. The energy supplier (e.g., an energy utility) affects the power losses in this component 602 by choosing the design of GA 105.

[0115] In the primary - side impedance - matching network 603, power losses of - 0.5% to - 4% may occur. This power loss is affected by the driver or consumer because the driver determines the parking position, load, battery charge level, and the selected charging power. The charging power is requested by the vehicle. This usually depends on the battery's state of charge. If the battery is empty, usually the full power, i.e., 100% power, is required. When the battery is almost full, the power usually gradually decreases to a lower value. The vehicle type also affects the power losses occurring in this component, e.g., by the vehicle type, shape, and materials used. The energy supplier (e.g., an energy utility) affects the power losses in this component 603 by choosing the design of GA 105.

[0116] In the magnetic field 106, power losses of - 1.5% to - 7% may occur. This power loss is affected by the driver or consumer when the driver determines the parking position and load. Attributed to the vehicle type itself (e.g., how the vehicle is constructed, what shape the vehicle has, what materials are used, and the size of the secondary coil L2 installed in the vehicle type), the vehicle type has an impact on the power losses generated in the magnetic field 106. Also, the VA design chosen by the vehicle manufacturer for the vehicle type (which may be related to the coil size and / or materials used) may have an impact on the magnetic field and its loss or interference factors. Since the driver usually selects the vehicle type, he is also responsible for the power losses caused by the vehicle. The energy supplier (e.g., an energy utility) affects the power losses in the magnetic field 106 by choosing the design of GA 105.

[0117] In the secondary - side impedance - matching network 604, power losses of - 0.5% to - 4% may occur. This power loss is affected by the driver or consumer, including the parking position, load, and battery charge level. Attributed to the charging power required by the vehicle type, the vehicle type has an impact on the power losses occurring in this component.

[0118] In the rectifier 605, power losses of - 1% to - 3% may occur. This power loss is affected by the driver or consumer through the battery charge level.

[0119] Knowledge of the power losses and their causes in the GA and VA enables a method for determining measurement errors and a compensation device for determining measurement errors to select at least one faulty component in the primary-side charging plate 105. In combination with a method for error-correction measurement of the energy supplied to the secondary-side charging plate 104 in the primary-side charging plate 105, a method compliant with calibration laws can be implemented for measuring the energy transferred by the inductive charging system 100 and for a cause-based allocation of the losses occurring therein. Here, the result of the method for determining measurement errors is used in the method for error-correction measurement. The exchange of information can be achieved by writing correction values into the storage unit of the primary-side charging plate 105 and / or reading correction values from the storage unit of the primary-side charging plate 105.

[0120] As an aspect of the present invention, instead of measuring at the transfer point in the inductive charging system, it is possible to consider making differential measurements at at least two measurement points in the energy transfer path using a calibrated measurement system and a substantially ideal measurement coil 202 in order to determine and compensate for the consumer-side losses caused by the differential measurement.

[0121] The term "ideal measurement coil 202" can mean that, at the end of the manufacturing process but still in the manufacturing plant under substantially ideal conditions, the coil 202, in particular the measurement probe 104', can be placed in the magnetic field 106 of the GA 105 such that the coil 202 has a large coupling with the magnetic field 106.

[0122] Using the measurement method according to the present invention, a measurement error of less than ±3.5% can be achieved. In this case, the requirements of calibration laws and technical feasibility can be considered. The measurement method according to the present invention can be suitable for calibrating the inductive charging system 100 during production and for on-site checking of the calibration during later operation, for example, by a calibration agency on-site.

[0123] Consideration of the power losses occurring in the individual components and the causes of these losses shows that the power losses related to the energy supplier and the GA design 105 occur in the PFC filter 601, the converter 602, the primary-side impedance matching network 603, and the magnetic field 106. The GA 105 is the responsibility of the energy supplier as the operator of the GA. However, it is also shown that these components 601, 602, 603, 106 are influenced by the energy consumers and recipients, for example, by the parking position, the load, the battery condition, and the charging power.

[0124] Thus, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for calibrating and measuring the energy supplied to the secondary charging plate 104 in the primary charging plate and / or a primary charging plate 105 for measuring the energy supplied to the secondary charging plate 104, wherein the energy loss is considered in a cause-related manner. The measurement result does not include the energy loss caused by the primary charging plate. Therefore, the measurement result only includes the energy supplied to the load for charging, including the energy loss generated by the secondary charging plate 104 and the behavior of the load.

[0125] Excluding the energy loss on the primary charging plate (which is basically the responsibility of the energy supplier) and incorporating interfering factors such as energy loss affected by the consumers and recipients of the energy (e.g., caused by the parking position, load, battery condition, and charging power) can be regarded as a cause-related measurement. Therefore, the measured value of the supplied energy is suitable for billing the consumer.

[0126] To avoid using complex technologies (such as laboratory measurement technologies) in this selective direct measurement during operation (i.e., basically during vehicle charging), a two-stage procedure is proposed, in which the correction value is first determined in the calibration stage under substantially ideal conditions, which basically only includes the loss of the primary charging plate and is not affected by the driver. The correction value is stored in GA 105.

[0127] During the operation stage, the energy actually provided by the energy supplier can be basically determined only by GA 105 and the sensors installed therein by measuring the input power and deducting the correction value. This is the energy delivered to the consumer and can also be charged to the consumer. The energy supplied by the energy supplier should include the energy supplied to the consumer, including the losses caused by the consumer in GA 105 and thus not within the control of the energy supplier.

[0128] The losses caused by GA 105 will not be borne by the consumer.

[0129] This determination of the supplied energy should comply with the calibration law.

[0130] The measurement calibration of the magnetically transferred energy is carried out during the production of the system, especially at the end of the production line, rather than during the active operation of the system. The calibration of the measurement of the magnetically transferred energy is performed by measuring the power at two different positions in the system 100. This involves measuring the input power on the primary side and measuring the magnetic power in the idealized measurement coil 104' on the secondary side by simulating VA104 with the idealized measurement winding 104'.

[0131] Providing these two measurements can form a difference. To measure power in accordance with calibration laws, in the first measurement, a calibrated measurement sensor is used to directly measure the power at the input of the primary side 105. This measurement is carried out using a calibrated measuring device. Before the system is put into operation, these two measurements are used for calibration in order to ensure that the measurements during the operation phase comply with the calibration laws.

[0132] By comparing the measurement of the measurement sensor with the calibrated measuring device, possible measurement errors of the measurement sensor can be compensated for by calibration. The measurement power error at the input of the primary side 105 is designated as P GA,err , representing the measurement error of the measurement sensor 702 at the input of GA 105.

[0133] In addition to the measurement and calibration of the input measurement sensor 702, in the second measurement, the intrinsic power loss of the primary side 105 is determined as an interfering factor that is not affected by the secondary side 104 and can therefore also be attributed to the energy supplier, as it depends on the intrinsic factors of GA 105 (such as the GA design). This intrinsic power loss of the primary side 105 is determined as part of the correction value and is deducted from the power measurement of the input measurement sensor during subsequent measurements during the operation of GA 105. The intrinsic power loss of the primary side determined by the second measurement using the idealized measurement probe MVA 104’ is designated as P intr , and it must be deducted from the power measurement because it is caused by GA 105 used by the energy supplier and therefore cannot be charged to the consumer.

[0134] Furthermore, during the calibration phase, the correction value of the power loss P MVA,err of the measurement coils on the secondary sides 104, 104’ is determined, and this correction value is added to the input power measurement during operation. This interfering factor is the power loss of the ideal measurement probe.

[0135] The losses on the secondary side are basically always attributed to the consumer.

[0136] When using the input power measurement sensor installed in GA 105 to measure the input power P(i) at the input of the primary side at time i t during the operation of GA 105, three correction factors P GA,err , P intr , P MVA,err must be used to compensate the input power measurement P(i) in order to obtain the calibrated power measurement provided to the consumer. The calibrated power P at time i cal(i) t is: Therefore, the calibrated power P at time ical(i) is time i the measured power P(i) of the input of the primary side 105 of t minus the primary side P GA,err the error and / or interference factors of the measured power of the input, minus the intrinsic power loss P of the primary side intr the interference factors, and adding the power loss P of the measuring coil MVA 104' on the secondary side MVA,err the interference factor err. Here, i is an integer value representing the index of the input power measurement of GA 105. t is the time interval between measurements.

[0137] value P cal(i) can be displayed as the power currently delivered to the vehicle on the display device of the correction device 705'.

[0138] The correction factor caused by the interference factor depends on the instantaneous power, i.e., P GA,err =P GA,err (P(i)), P intr = P intr (P(i)), and P MVA,err =P MVA,err (P(i)). This takes into account that the power loss may depend on the current, thus describing a characteristic curve. Such a characteristic curve can be written into the storage unit 705 of the primary side charging plate 105 for correction. In another example, the power dissipation can be constant and substantially independent of the current.

[0139] By multiplying the power by the total measurement time, the energy W supplied to the consumer is calculated according to the calibrated power measurement P cal(i) cal . When the energy flow changes, the energy is calculated according to the integral of the power over time, which is approximated by the sum of all power measurements multiplied by the measurement interval time through discrete measurements.

[0140] Here T represents the total measurement time, dt represents the time difference, and N represents the total number of measurements.

[0141] In the calibration phase of the power measurement, the compensation value and / or compensation characteristic curve of the measurement phase are determined. To determine the compensation characteristic or correction curve, a defined nominal power range is run on MVA 104', for example, a power range of 9.1 kW to 11.1 kW.

[0142] Power correction parameter P GA,err and P intr ​The characteristic curve, in particular the characteristic of the corresponding correction value, can be implemented as a first-order polynomial or a conversion table in software and written into the storage unit 705. In this case, the MVA,err current dependence of P can be neglected and included in the calculation as a constant.

[0143] The form of the polynomial is as follows: The translation table is stored in the following form.

[0144] Figures 7 to 10 Different methods for calibrating power measurements are shown. These are different embodiments of methods that can be used to approximate the output power. These methods can be implemented in the compensation device 706. A switch can be provided in the compensation device 706 through which at least one method can be selected.

[0145] Figure 7 An arrangement for calibrating the input power measurement of GA 105 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0146] Figure 7 A compensation device 706 for determining a correction value and writing or loading the correction value into the primary-side charging plate 105 is shown. Thus, the compensation device 706 is used to calibrate the primary-side charging plate 105 and has a selection device 707, an evaluation device 708, and a writing device 709.

[0147] The selection device 707 is designed to select at least one component to be corrected 601, 602, 603 or a faulty component 601, 602, 603 in the primary-side charging plate 105, and / or to select at least one comparison measurement device 701, 204'', for example, a calibration sensor 701, 204'' and / or a calibration sensor 701, 204''. The components to be corrected 601, 602, 603 can be indirectly selected by selecting the corresponding sensors 702, 703 installed in the primary-side charging plate 105, and their interfering factors (e.g., their errors or losses) can be determined by differential measurement via the sensors 701, 702, 703, 204''.

[0148] At least one component to be corrected 601, 602, 603 is affected by at least one interfering factor selected from the group of interfering factors consisting of: measurement error P relative to the comparison value GA,err 、intrinsic power loss P intr or intrinsic loss P intr , and losses P from the secondary charging plates 104, 104' MVA,err , in particular measurement losses P MVA,err .

[0149] The evaluation device 708 is also designed to determine the total interference factors of the individual interference factors, for example, the power losses P of at least one faulty component 601, 602, 603 GA,err 、P intr 、P MVA,err , and determine a correction value according to the total interference factors of the individual losses of at least one component.

[0150] The evaluation device is designed to determine a correction value according to the total interference factors, and write the total interference factors as a correction value into the storage unit 705 of the primary-side charging board 105 through the writing device 709.

[0151] In Figures 7 to 10 , the selection of the calibrated comparison sensor is represented by the capital letters A, E, F, and the selection of the sensor installed in the primary-side charging board 105 is represented by the lowercase letters b, c.

[0152] The primary-side charging board 105 or GA 105 can be used to perform a calibration measurement on the energy supplied to the secondary-side charging boards 104, 104'. The energy is supplied via the magnetic field 106.

[0153] The primary-side charging board 105 has an input power measurement device 702, a storage unit 705, and a correction device 705', wherein the input power measurement device 702 or the installed sensor 702 is configured to determine the input power P(i) at the primary-side charging board 105.

[0154] The correction device 705' is configured to read a correction value from the storage unit 705 of the primary-side charging board 105. The correction value corrects at least one interference factor (such as an error, loss, or power loss) of at least one component 601, 602, 603 of the primary-side charging board affected by losses or at least one component 601, 602, 603 of the primary-side charging board to be corrected, wherein the interference factor is selected from the power loss group consisting of the following items: loss measurement error P relative to the calibrated comparison sensor value GA,err 、intrinsic loss P intr and measurement loss P from the secondary charging board MVA,err .

[0155] In one example, the correction value can be the negative sign value of the interference factor, such as losses P GA,err 、P intr 、P MVA,err .

[0156] The correction device 705' is configured to provide a corrected measurement value. Then, the actual power consumption value P assigned to the consumer cal(i) It can be displayed on the display device 711 connected to the calibration device 705'. In one example, the energy consumption required for MID / MessEG is shown (e.g., in kWh). The power can be selectively displayed for reference.

[0157] To measure the input power, the input sensor 702 or the input power measurement device 702 installed in GA 105 is used, e.g., a voltage sensor and a current sensor. At the end of the production line, i.e., at the end of the production process, the measurement of the input power by the sensor 702 of GA 105 is compared with the calibrated power meter 701. The measurement is carried out within the nominal power range, e.g., within the power range of 9.1 kW to 11.1 kW. To cover the power range, a variable load 704 is used on MVA 104', and this load is controlled by a selection device 707, for example. The control of the comparison measurement is as Figure 7 shown by the letter F in

[0158] Therefore, the comparison between the power measured by the installed sensor 702 and the calibrated measurement device 701 results in interference factors or the correction power parameter P GA,err As a characteristic curve depending on the input power, this characteristic curve is used to correct the sensor values of the input power measurement device 702 to obtain a specific current power absorption.

[0159] Therefore, the correction measurement is carried out within the calibration range 710a to determine P between the calibrated sensor 701 and the input sensor 702 GA,err . For this purpose, settings A, b, F are selected on the selection device 707.

[0160] If the correction value is stored in the storage unit 705, GA 105 can independently correct the sensor values of its input sensor 702 during autonomous operation. Therefore, the corrected sensor provides a calibrated input power measurement.

[0161] Figure 8 An arrangement for calibrating the losses of GA 105 without the PFC filter 601 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0162] Calibrating the losses of GA 105 without the PFC filter 601 is used to determine the part P' of the intrinsic losses of GA 105 intrTo determine this, the internal power measurement in the power propagation direction after the PFC filter 601 is compared with the measured power at the end-of-line MVA 104’. The internal power measurement after the PFC filter 601 is performed by sensors 703 built into the GA 105, and these sensors 703 are arranged along the power propagation direction after the PFC filter 601.

[0163] The measurement is carried out within the nominal power range, which can vary with the variable load 204’ of the MVA 104’. The power loss P of the MVA 104’ MVA,err is deducted. Therefore, by comparing the power measured by the installed sensors 703 with the power measured by the calibrated sensors 204’’ of the MVA 104’, the intrinsic power loss P’ intr of the correction parameter or correction value can be obtained. This correction parameter or correction value, as a characteristic curve depending on the input power, must be used during the autonomous operation of the GA 105 to correct the sensor values of the sensors 703 behind the PFC filter so that a power measurement value satisfying the calibration conditions can be provided for the consumer via the correction device 705’. Although only a part of the intrinsic loss is provided, since the sensors 703 are closer to the inductive power transmission, the measurements 703 can be used. The measurements of the sensors 703 decouple the PFC loss from the inductive power transmission.

[0164] The legal error tolerance range for power determination between the measured and corrected power and the actual power must be observed. The error and loss must be allocated between the power measurement at the input of the power path and the drift and / or tolerance of the components involved in the power path.

[0165] The DC power can be determined more accurately than the three-phase 50 Hz input power. If the measurement is more accurate, a greater tolerance can be allowed for the power components.

[0166] The input power and the PFC loss are calibrated independently.

[0167] Therefore, the correction measurement is carried out within the calibration range 710b to determine a part of the intrinsic power loss P’ intr between the calibrated sensors 204’ of the MVA 104’ and the built-in sensors 703 behind the PFC filter 601. For this purpose, the settings c, E, F are selected on the selection device 707.

[0168] If the correction value is stored in the storage unit 705, the GA 105 can correct its sensor values independently, for example, independently correct its sensor values during autonomous operation. Therefore, the corrected sensor 703 or the sensor values of the sensors 703 behind the PFC (using P’ intrCalibration) provides a power measurement that partially compensates for the GA loss (i.e., the GA loss without the PFC filter loss).

[0169] The interference or loss considered by this calibration method includes the partial intrinsic GA loss P' intr and the power loss P of the converter 602 conv and the power loss P of the impedance matching 603 match and the power loss P of the magnetic field 106 mag .

[0170] Figure 9 Shows an arrangement for calibrating the intrinsic loss of the GA 105 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0171] The calibration of the intrinsic loss of the GA 105 is used to determine the total intrinsic loss P of the GA 105 intr . To determine the intrinsic loss P of the GA 105 intr , an internal power measurement is performed at the input of the voltage source 107 using the input power measurement device 702 at the end of the production line, and it is compared with the measured power at MVA 104'. The power loss P of MVA 104' MVA,err is added.

[0172] Although Figure 8 the measurement in Figure 9 can only determine a part of the intrinsic loss relative to the measurement in Figure 8 , the measurement in

[0173] may be useful because the measurement of the sensor 703 is closer to the inductive power transfer. For example, it decouples the PFC loss from the inductive power transfer.

[0174] Therefore, the comparison between the power measured by the installed sensor 702 or the input power measurement device 702 and the calibrated sensor 204'' of the MVA 104' can yield the correction parameter or correction value of the intrinsic power loss P intr , in particular the interference factor. This correction parameter or correction value, as a characteristic curve depending on the input power, must be used during the autonomous operation of the GA 105 to correct the sensor value of the input power measurement device 702 in order to be able to provide a power measurement value that meets the calibration conditions for the consumer via the correction device 705'.

[0175] Therefore, a calibration measurement is performed within the calibration range 710c to determine the intrinsic power loss P between the calibrated sensor 204’ of the MVA 104’ and the built-in sensor of the input power measurement device 702. intr For this purpose, settings b, E, F are selected on the selection device 707.

[0176] If the calibration values are stored in the storage unit 705, the GA 105 can independently correct its sensor values. Thus, the corrected sensor values of the input power measurement device 702 provide a power measurement that compensates for all internal GA losses as well as losses in the magnetic field, including also the loss P in the PFC filter 601. pfc This indicates the power loss for reactive power correction.

[0177] The losses considered by this calibration method include the total intrinsic GA loss P intr and the power loss P for reactive power correction pfc , the power loss P of the converter 602 conv , the power loss P of the impedance matching 603 match and the power loss P of the magnetic field 106. mag .

[0178] Figure 10 Shows an arrangement for a complete calibration of the power measurement in the GA 105 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0179] The complete calibration of the power measurement in the GA 105 basically includes the calibration of the input power measurement of the GA 105 according to Figure 7 and the calibration of the total intrinsic losses of the GA 105 according to Figure 9 .

[0180] The complete calibration of the power measurement in the GA 105 is performed in two steps at the end of the production line. In the first step, the internal measurement of the input power by the sensor 702 of the GA 105 is compared with the calibrated power measurement device 701, thereby calibrating the input power measurement device 702 by determining the correction power parameter P GA,err . In the second step, the total intrinsic power loss P intr is determined, and the power loss P of the magnetic field 106 mag and the internal power measurement are calibrated.

[0181] The correction parameters P GA,err , P intr , P mag or the interference factor P GA,err , Pintr , P mag can be stored in the storage unit 705 and used by the calibration device 705' to provide calibrated sensor values during the autonomous operation of the GA 105, so that a calibrated input power measurement P(i) can be achieved and all internal and magnetic field losses within the GA can be compensated.

[0182] Thus, the calibrated power is as follows Thus, the input power measurement device 702 built into the GA 105 can provide a power measurement value of the calibrated power measurement based on the input of the GA 105 and basically does not include the intrinsic losses of the primary side 105. Therefore, all losses for which the energy supplier and operator of the GA 105 are responsible are deducted from the provided power P cal(i) . The power P cal(i) can be displayed on the display device 711 and corresponds to the power allocated to the consumer.

[0183] Any additional losses that may occur during the operation of the charging station are caused by the secondary side and attributed to the consumer. This method is both technically and economically feasible and meets the requirements of calibration laws at the same time. P cal refers to the power delivered to the consumer, including all losses attributed to the consumer.

[0184] Therefore, a calibration measurement is performed within the calibration range 710a' to determine P GA,err between the calibrated sensor 701 and the input sensor 702. For this purpose, settings A, b, F are selected on the selection device 707.

[0185] A calibration measurement is performed within the calibration range 710c' to determine the intrinsic power loss P intr between the calibrated sensor 204' of the MVA 104' and the built-in sensor of the input power measurement device 702. For this purpose, settings b, E, F are selected on the selection device 707.

[0186] The order of performing these two steps is arbitrary and can be interchanged.

[0187] Figure 11 shows a flowchart of a method for determining a measurement error in a primary charging board when supplying energy to a secondary charging board according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0188] This method starts from the state S1100 in the idle mode.

[0189] In state S1101, at least one component to be corrected is selected in the primary-side charging board, where the at least one component to be corrected is affected by at least one interference factor selected from the group of interference factors consisting of: measurement error relative to a comparison value, intrinsic partial loss, intrinsic loss, and loss from the secondary charging board.

[0190] In state S1102, the method continues to determine the total interference factor of each individual interference factor (e.g., measurement error and loss) of at least one component to be corrected or a component affected by a fault or loss, and determines a correction value based on the total interference factor.

[0191] In state S1103, the total interference factor is written as a correction value into the storage unit of the primary-side charging board.

[0192] The method ends in state S1104.

[0193] Figure 12 The flowchart shows a method for calibration measurement of the energy provided to the secondary-side charging board 104 in the primary-side charging board 105 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0194] The method starts from state S1200 in the idle mode.

[0195] In state S1201, the input power P(i) is determined at the primary-side charging board 105.

[0196] In state S1202, the correction value is read from the storage unit of the primary-side charging board, where the correction value corrects at least one interference factor of at least one component of the primary-side charging board to be corrected, and the interference factor is selected from the group of interference factors consisting of: measurement error P relative to a comparison value GA,err , intrinsic partial loss P' intr , intrinsic loss Pintr, and loss P from the secondary charging board MVA,err .

[0197] In state S1203, an error-corrected or calibrated measurement value P is provided cal(i) .

[0198] The method ends in state S1204.

[0199] In addition, it should be noted that "including" and "having" do not exclude any other elements or steps, and "a" or "one" does not exclude a plurality. In addition, it should be noted that the features or steps described with reference to one of the above exemplary embodiments can also be combined with the other features or steps of the other exemplary embodiments described above. The reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting.

[0200] List of reference signs 100 Inductive charging system 100’ Inductive charging system with GA and measurement probe 101 Wireless connection 102 Vehicle chassis 103 Floor 104 Vehicle component 104’ Measurement probe 105 Grounding component 106 Magnetic field 107 Power connection 201 Coil holding device 202 Coil 203 Coil positioning device 204 Measurement device box 204’ Load 204’’ Measuring instrument 601 PFC filter 602 Converter 603 Primary side impedance matching network 604 Secondary side impedance matching network 605 Rectifier 606 Primary side HVDC circuit 607a Primary circuit capacitor 607b Secondary capacitor 608 Secondary side HVDC circuit L1 Primary coil L2 Secondary coil 701 Calibrated wattmeter 702 Input power measurement device 703 Sensor behind PFC filter 705 Storage unit 705’ Correction device 706 Compensation device 707 Selection device 708 Evaluation device 709 Writing device 710a, 710a’ For determining P GA,err Calibration range 710b For determining P’ intr Calibration range 710c, 710c’ For determining P intr Calibration range 711 Display device Status of the S1100 - S1104 method Status of the S1200 - S1204 method

Claims

1. A method for determining a correction value for energy measurement in a primary-side charging plate (105) when supplying energy to a secondary charging plate (104), comprising: selecting at least one component to be corrected (601, 602, 603) in the primary-side charging plate (105); wherein the at least one component to be corrected (601, 602, 603) is affected by at least one interference factor selected from a group of interference factors consisting of: Measurement error (P) relative to a comparison value GA,err ) Intrinsic partial loss (P’ intr ); Intrinsic loss (P intr ); and Measured losses from the secondary charging plate (P MVA,err ); determining the total interference factor of each interference factor of the at least one component to be corrected; determining the correction value according to the total interference factor; writing the total interference factor as the correction value into a storage unit (705) of the primary-side charging plate (105).

2. The method for determining a correction value according to claim 1, wherein, the correction value is a correction curve.

3. The method for determining a correction value according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, the at least one interference factor is determined by measuring the input power at the primary charging plate.

4. The method for determining a correction value according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, the at least one interference factor is determined by measuring the magnetic field in the magnetic field caused by the primary charging plate (105).

5. A compensation device (706) for determining a correction value for energy measurement in a primary-side charging plate (105) and writing the correction value into the primary-side charging plate (105), comprising: a selection device (707); an evaluation device (708); a writing device (709); wherein the selection device (707) is configured to select at least one component to be corrected (601, 602, 603) in the primary-side charging plate (105); wherein the at least one component to be corrected (601, 602, 603) is affected by at least one interference factor selected from a group of interference factors consisting of: Measurement error (P) relative to a comparison value GA,err ); Intrinsic partial loss (P’ intr ); Intrinsic loss (P intr ); and Measurement losses (P from the secondary charging plates (104, 104') MVA,err ) wherein the evaluation device (708) is configured to determine the total interference factor of each interference factor of the at least one component to be corrected (601, 602, 603); and wherein the evaluation device (708) is configured to determine the correction value according to the total interference factor; wherein the writing device (709) is configured to write the total interference factor as the correction value into a storage unit (705) of the primary-side charging plate.

6. A method for calibrating and measuring the energy supplied to a secondary-side charging plate in a primary-side charging plate, comprising: determining the input power (P(i)) at the primary-side charging plate (105); reading a correction value from a storage unit (705) of the primary-side charging plate (105); wherein the correction value corrects at least one interference factor of at least one component (601, 602, 603) of the primary-side charging plate (105) to be corrected, wherein the interference factor is selected from a group of interference factors consisting of: Measurement error relative to the comparison value (P GA,err ); Intrinsic partial loss (P’ intr ); Intrinsic loss (P intr ); and Measurement losses from the secondary charging board (P MVA,err ); Provide a calibrated measurement value (P cal ).

7. A primary-side charging plate (105) for calibrating and measuring the energy supplied to a secondary-side charging plate, comprising: an input power measurement device (702); Storage unit (705); Calibration device (705'); Wherein, the input power measurement device (702) is configured to determine the input power at the primary side charging plate (105); Wherein, the calibration device (705') is configured to read a calibration value from the storage unit (705) of the primary side charging plate (105); Wherein, the calibration value corrects at least one interference factor of at least one component of the primary side charging plate (105) to be corrected, and wherein the interference factor is selected from the group of interference factors consisting of: Measurement error relative to the comparison value (P GA,err ); Intrinsic partial loss (P’ intr ) Intrinsic loss (P intr ); and Measurement loss (P from the secondary charging plates (104, 104') MVA,err ); and Among them, the calibration device (705’) is used to provide a calibrated measurement value (P cal ).

8. A measurement probe (104') for magnetic field measurement, Comprising: Coil (202); Coil holding device (201); Coil positioning device (203); Wherein, the coil holding device (201) is configured to hold the coil in a magnetic field; Wherein, the coil positioning device (203) is configured to position the coil (202) in the magnetic field such that the coil has a large and / or maximum coupling with the magnetic field.

9. The measurement probe (104) according to claim 8, Wherein, The coil positioning device (203) further comprises: Locking element; Wherein, the locking element is configured to lock into the housing of the primary side charging plate (105) to achieve a large and / or maximum coupling with the magnetic field.

10. The measurement probe (104) according to claim 8 or 9, Wherein, The coil holding device (201) is formed as a table.

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