Steel structure main body hoisting process

Abstract

The invention discloses a steel structure main body hoisting process, which belongs to the field of steel structure hoisting, and comprises the following steps: S1, construction preparation; s2, foundation bolt correction: bolt positioning is performed according to a construction drawing and civil construction flow section division, and the horizontal position and the elevation of the bolt are determined; s3, hoisting the steel structure: hoisting the steel column according to the section size change and tonnage of the component in sections, naturally hoisting the steel beam according to the structure in sections, hanging a steel crawling ladder, a falling protector and a connecting plate after correcting the foundation bolt, hoisting the steel column, hoisting the steel beam, fastening the steel column and the steel beam by using a mounting bolt to form a steel frame, and integrally correcting and recording the steel frame; s4, steel structure welding is conducted, specifically, the steel beams and the steel columns are welded, and the steel columns are welded; and S5, ultrasonic flaw detection. By adopting the steel structure main body hoisting process, the problem that the engineering quality and the construction efficiency of steel structure building construction are affected due to unreasonable segmentation of steel members and improper hoisting sequence in steel structure main body hoisting is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of steel structure hoisting, and in particular to a steel structure main body hoisting process. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the construction industry, prefabricated steel structure buildings have been more and more widely used in the construction field due to their advantages such as fast construction speed, high degree of industrialization, and environmental protection. However, in the construction process of prefabricated steel structure buildings, many complex technical links are involved, such as construction site layout, construction preparation, steel structure installation, composite slab construction, and quality acceptance, etc. Each link has an important impact on the quality and progress of the project.

[0003] In the construction of prefabricated steel structure buildings, the hoisting of the main steel structure is an important step in the construction process. During the hoisting process of the main steel structure, unreasonable segmentation of steel components and improper hoisting sequence may lead to structural instability and large installation deviation. The segmentation and hoisting sequence of steel components have an important impact on the quality and efficiency of the overall steel structure construction. Therefore, a scientific and systematic steel structure main hoisting construction process is needed to improve the engineering quality of steel structure construction, improve construction efficiency, and ensure construction safety. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a steel structure main body hoisting process to solve the problem that the steel structure main body hoisting affects the engineering quality and construction efficiency of steel structure construction due to unreasonable segmentation of steel components and improper hoisting sequence.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a steel structure main body hoisting process, comprising the following steps: Step S1, construction preparation: familiarize yourself with relevant construction documents and configure manpower, equipment, and tools, and arrange the entry and stacking of steel structures; Step S2, anchor bolt calibration: positioning the bolts according to the construction drawings and in combination with the division of civil construction flow sections, and determining their horizontal position and elevation; Step S3, steel structure hoisting: The steel column hoisting is carried out in sections according to the changes in the cross-sectional dimensions of the components and the tonnage, and the steel beams are hoisted in sections according to the natural structure. After the anchor bolts are calibrated, the steel ladder, fall arrester, and connecting plate are hung, the steel columns and steel beams are hoisted, and the steel columns and steel beams are fastened with installation bolts to form a steel frame, and the overall steel frame is calibrated and recorded; Step S4, steel structure welding: welding steel beams to steel columns, and steel columns to steel columns; Step S5, ultrasonic flaw detection: ultrasonic flaw detection is used to detect welds and generate a weld flaw detection report. After the flaw detection, acceptance is carried out. After the acceptance is qualified, preparations for the next section of the flow are carried out.

[0006] Preferably, in step S2, a mold is made and fixed on a support, the position of the bolt group is controlled by controlling the position of the mold, the anchor bolts are installed after the mold is positioned, the elevation and axis are remeasured and fixed in place, the embedded parts and bolt positions are tracked, measured and corrected before and after concrete pouring, and protective measures are taken after the anchor bolts are buried.

[0007] Preferably, in step three, when installing and tightening with high-strength bolts, the high-strength bolts are tightened twice, namely, initial tightening and final tightening, wherein the initial tightening is ≥ 50% of the standard pre-tension force, and the final tightening is ≥ 100% of the standard pre-tension force.

[0008] Preferably, in step S3, a wire rope sling is prepared according to the weight of the steel column and the lifting point, a lifting point is set by reserving a lifting hole on the temporary connection plate on the outer side of the top of the steel column, and a plurality of lifting ear plates are set at the steel column lifting point.

[0009] Preferably, before the first section of the steel column is connected to the column base, the ladder and fall arrester are welded, the center line is drawn, a temporary wind catch is set and the verticality is adjusted; after the first section of the steel column is hoisted into place, the verticality and elevation are corrected and fixed, and the bottom of the column is grouted; after the second section of the steel column is hoisted into place, the upper and lower column installation ear plates are connected, the double plywood is fixed with bolts, the verticality and elevation are checked, and after adjustment, the installation ear plates are welded and cut off.

[0010] Preferably, after the steel columns are fixed, the steel beams are hoisted, the steel beams are placed in positions according to the drawings, and the clamps are installed, high-strength bolts are tightened, and the wing plates are welded.

[0011] Preferably, the steel columns are hoisted symmetrically from the middle to both sides using a tower crane, first hoisting the main steel beam and then hoisting the secondary steel beam.

[0012] Preferably, steel column hoisting: before lifting the steel column, tie a steel ladder and set up an assembled operating platform, pad the root during lifting, straighten the steel column by operating the hook and boom, tie a traction rope at the upper end, check the safety of the lifting rigging and the crane after the column is lifted to a set distance from the ground, check the movement of the sleepers during the lifting process, stop lifting and check safety after reaching the lifting angle, continue lifting and install, and use adjustable fixed brackets and jack tools for correction during the installation process.

[0013] Preferably, steel beam hoisting: the installation of steel beams is carried out in the order of steel column installation, and the main beam connected to the steel column is installed from the middle position. After both sides are fixed, bolts are inserted and initially tightened, and finally tightened after welding the connecting plates. When installing, the main beam is installed first and then the secondary beam. The steel beams are connected to form a stable frame, and guy ropes are pulled to temporarily fix it. After the edge steel beams are installed, safety ropes are pulled.

[0014] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned steel structure main body hoisting process, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) The construction process adopted by the present invention overcomes the defects of pre-buried installation of anchor bolts. The traditional pre-buried installation of anchor bolts will cause inaccurate positioning and easy deviation during concrete pouring. The method of the present invention uses precise bolt positioning, combined with a pre-made mold and fixed on the support, to track, measure and correct before concrete pouring and during pouring and vibration, effectively ensuring the position accuracy of the anchor bolts and avoiding difficulties in steel column installation or quality problems caused by anchor bolt problems. (2) The present invention solves the problem of steel component segmentation and hoisting sequence. In view of the difficulty in hoisting and structural instability caused by unreasonable segmentation of steel components, the method of the present invention clarifies the segmentation principle of steel columns and steel beams. Steel columns are divided into sections according to changes in cross-sectional dimensions and tonnage, and steel beams are hoisted in natural sections according to the structure. In terms of hoisting sequence, steel columns are hoisted symmetrically from the middle to both sides. The main steel beams are hoisted first, and then the secondary steel beams are hoisted, which ensures the stability of the structure during the hoisting process and improves the hoisting efficiency and quality.

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the construction process of a steel structure main body hoisting process embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an anchor bolt mold according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a steel column with two sections and one hanger according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a steel beam being hoisted one by one according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions.

[0018] It should be noted that the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or server that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0019] Like reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are directions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "setting", "installation" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0022] Example like Figure 1 As shown, a steel structure main body hoisting process described in the present invention comprises the following steps: Step S1, construction preparation: familiarize yourself with relevant construction documents and configure manpower, equipment, and tools, and arrange the entry and stacking of steel structures.

[0023] Technical preparation: Be familiar with construction drawings, standard documents and related construction specifications and acceptance standards, conduct self-examination and joint review of drawings, and participate in the design briefing organized by the owner; prepare material requirements and supply plans, and the material plan should have technical conditions; prepare construction organization design, unit project construction plan and special construction plan; prepare sub-project technical briefing, which will be conducted before the construction of the sub-project, organized by the construction person in charge of the project department, and technical personnel will give briefings to all construction personnel; participate in the drawing review, which will be conducted by the design party, understand the design intent and construction quality standards, and accurately grasp the details in the design drawings; the project chief engineer will organize relevant technical personnel to carefully prepare the implementation construction organization design of the project, which will be used as a guiding document for engineering construction production. According to the requirements of the construction organization design, the plan should be optimized; according to the form of weld joints, prepare a special welding process assessment plan, organize welding process assessment, and determine the best welding process parameters. In order to formulate complete, reasonable and detailed process measures and process flows to guide on-site welding construction operations.

[0024] Preparation of human and equipment resources: According to the installation content of the steel structure, human resources, tools and equipment are configured (the configuration is adjusted appropriately according to the site conditions). Before the project starts, the project leadership team and technical backbones determined in the bid are in place, and the organizational chart and management personnel's work permits are submitted to the supervisor for filing. All technical workers entering the site should be guaranteed to be qualified technicians with work permits, and the work permits should be submitted to the supervisor for filing. All workers entering the site should undergo three-level safety education and comprehensive safety briefings, and regular safety reinforcement training. Equipment preparation: It is particularly important to select mechanical equipment reasonably during construction. The selected machinery and tools should be able to meet the needs of the project and ensure the use of mechanical equipment in construction. Small equipment and tools such as welding machines and air compressors should be brought to the site in a timely manner. Make ladders and operating platforms. Prepare labor protection products, such as safety nets, safety ropes, safety belts, safety helmets, etc.

[0025] Stacking of components: The stacking site should be flat and solid, and corresponding measures such as rainproof, moisture-proof, sun-proof, anti-pollution and drainage should be adopted according to the technical requirements for the storage of components. The component support should be solid, and the position of the pad under the component should be consistent with the lifting position during demoulding and hoisting. When overlapping components, the pads between each layer of components should be aligned up and down, and the number of stacking layers should be determined according to the bearing capacity of the components and pads, and measures should be taken to prevent the stacking from overturning as needed. The stacking level, sequence and rules of components. Pay attention to safety when loading and unloading to prevent accidents. There should be sufficient lighting for unloading at night, and special safety briefings should be given to the operators. After the transport trailer driver parks the truck at the designated location, he should lock the door, leave the truck to a safe area, and must not walk around the construction site at will to ensure his personal safety.

[0026] Selection of slings: According to the weight of the steel structure accessories and the lifting points, prepare enough steel wire ropes and clasps of different lengths and specifications, and prepare fall chains, guy ropes, ladders, tool kits, hammers, wrenches and other tools.

[0027] Step S2, foundation bolt calibration: positioning the bolts according to the construction drawings and in combination with the civil construction flow section division to determine their horizontal position and elevation.

[0028] In order to ensure that the anchor bolts do not deviate during the concrete pouring process and to facilitate the installation of the anchor bolts, a mold must be made in advance, such as Figure 2 As shown, after the mold position is determined, fix the mold on the support. The mold can be made of channel steel bracket or steel plate with precise holes. The template and screw rod should be fixed with nuts and welding is not allowed. During installation, the position of the bolt group is controlled by controlling the position of the template center point and the direction of the template center line.

[0029] After the mold is positioned, the anchor bolts are installed, the elevation and axis of the anchor bolts are re-measured, and they are fixed in place. Before concrete pouring and during the pouring and vibration process, the positions of embedded parts and embedded bolts should be tracked and measured, and corresponding correction measures should be formulated.

[0030] Step S3, steel structure hoisting: like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the steel component installation is divided into sections: the steel column is hoisted in sections according to the changes in the cross-sectional dimensions and tonnage of the component, generally two sections at a time or three sections at a time; the steel beams are naturally divided into sections according to the structure, and the hoisting is carried out one beam at a time or multiple beams at a time, and general projects adopt one beam at a time.

[0031] The steps for lifting the main body of the steel structure: prepare lifting tools such as wire ropes according to the weight of the steel column and the lifting point, reserve lifting holes on the temporary connection plate on the outside of the top of the steel column to set the lifting point, and set 2 or 4 lifting ear plates on the steel column lifting point. Before the first section of the steel column is connected to the column foot, weld the ladder and fall arrester, draw the alignment center line, set up a temporary wind guard and adjust the verticality. After the first section of the steel column is hoisted into place, correct the verticality and elevation and fix it, and grout the bottom of the column. After the second section of the steel column is hoisted into place, connect the upper and lower sections of the column to install the ear plates, fix the double plywood with bolts, check the verticality and elevation, and weld and cut off the installation ear plates after adjustment. After the steel column is fixed, hoist the steel beam, put the steel beam into the seat according to the drawing, install the plywood, tighten the high-strength bolts and weld the wing plate.

[0032] The steel columns are hoisted symmetrically from the middle to both sides using a tower crane, first hoisting the main steel beam and then the secondary steel beam.

[0033] Steel column hoisting: Before lifting the steel column, tie the steel ladder and set up the assembled operating platform. When lifting, pad the root firmly, use the hook and boom to straighten the steel column, tie the traction rope at the upper end, and check the safety of the rigging and crane after the column is lifted 500mm from the ground. During the lifting process, pay attention to the movement of the sleepers. When it is close to 90 degrees, stop lifting and check the safety, then slowly lift and install. If the steel column is misaligned during the installation process, use tools such as adjusting brackets and jacks to correct it.

[0034] Steel beam hoisting: The installation of steel beams is carried out in the order of steel column installation. The main beam connected to the steel column is installed from the middle position. After the two sides are fixed, the bolts are inserted and initially tightened. After the connecting plate is welded, the final tightening is performed. When installing, the main beam is installed first and then the secondary beam. The steel beams are connected in time to form a stable frame. The steel columns installed every day are connected with steel beams. If they cannot be connected in time, they are temporarily fixed with cables and wind ropes. Before hoisting, clean the dirt on the surface of the steel beam, remove the rust on the floating rust parts, pay attention to the installation sequence, frame accuracy, fitting direction, etc., assemble the connecting plate and pack the bolts, pay attention to the direction of the steel beam, temporarily fix it with temporary bolts, and pull the safety rope after the adjacent steel beam is installed.

[0035] The high-strength bolts are tightened twice. The high-strength bolts are tightened twice as follows: First initial tightening: ≥50% of the standard pre-tension. After the component is hoisted into place, insert the bolt into the hole (be careful not to let debris enter the connection surface), then tighten the bolt with a manual wrench or electric wrench to make the connection surface tightly connected, and remove and install ordinary bolts at the same time; Second final tightening: ≥100% of the standard pre-tension. The final tightening of the bolt is completed by an electric wrench, and its final tightening strength is controlled by a torque control device to ensure that the minimum torque is reached. When the preset torque is reached, the torque control switch is automatically closed, and the torque of the wrench can only be used in designated places after it is set.

[0036] Step S4, steel structure welding: welding steel beams to steel columns, and steel columns to steel columns.

[0037] The main welding equipment includes carbon dioxide gas shielded welding machine, AC arc welding machine, carbon dioxide flow meter, carbon dioxide welding gun, welding rod insulation, and weld detection equipment.

[0038] Steel structure welding is carried out according to the existing welding process, including pre-welding preparation, groove cleaning, inspection of liner arc starting plate and arc extinguishing plate, preheating, positioning welding, root primer, filling welding, surface layer welding, welding insulation, welding inspection and other process steps.

[0039] Step S5, ultrasonic flaw detection: ultrasonic flaw detection is used to detect welds and generate a weld flaw detection report. After the flaw detection, acceptance is carried out. After the acceptance is qualified, preparations for the next section of the flow are carried out.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A steel structure main body hoisting process, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, construction preparation: familiarize yourself with relevant construction documents and configure manpower, equipment, and tools, and arrange the entry and stacking of steel structures; Step S2, anchor bolt calibration: positioning the bolts according to the construction drawings and in combination with the division of civil construction flow sections, and determining their horizontal position and elevation; Step S3, steel structure hoisting: The steel column hoisting is carried out in sections according to the changes in the cross-sectional dimensions of the components and the tonnage, and the steel beams are hoisted in sections according to the natural structure. After the anchor bolts are calibrated, the steel ladder, fall arrester, and connecting plate are hung, the steel columns and steel beams are hoisted, and the steel columns and steel beams are fastened with installation bolts to form a steel frame, and the overall steel frame is calibrated and recorded; Step S4, steel structure welding: welding steel beams to steel columns, and steel columns to steel columns; Step S5, ultrasonic flaw detection: ultrasonic flaw detection is used to detect welds and generate a weld flaw detection report. After the flaw detection, acceptance is carried out. After the acceptance is qualified, preparations for the next section of the flow are carried out.

2. The steel structure main body hoisting process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, a mold is made and fixed on a support. The position of the bolt group is controlled by controlling the position of the mold. After the mold is positioned, the anchor bolts are installed, and their elevation and axis are remeasured and fixed in place. Before and after concrete pouring, the embedded parts and bolt positions are tracked, measured and corrected. After the anchor bolts are buried, protective measures are taken.

3. The steel structure main body hoisting process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step three, when using high-strength bolts for installation and tightening, the high-strength bolts are tightened twice: initial tightening and final tightening. The initial tightening is ≥ 50% of the standard pre-tension force, and the final tightening is ≥ 100% of the standard pre-tension force.

4. The steel structure main body hoisting process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S3, a wire rope sling is prepared according to the weight of the steel column and the lifting point, a lifting point is set by reserving a lifting hole on the temporary connection plate on the outer side of the top of the steel column, and a plurality of lifting ear plates are set at the steel column lifting point.

5. The steel structure main body hoisting process according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Before the first section of the steel column is connected to the column base, the ladder and fall arrester are welded, the center line is drawn, a temporary wind catch is set up and the verticality is adjusted; after the first section of the steel column is hoisted into place, the verticality and elevation are corrected and fixed, and the bottom of the column is grouted; after the second section of the steel column is hoisted into place, the upper and lower column installation ear plates are connected, the double plywood is fixed with bolts, the verticality and elevation are checked, and after adjustment, the installation ear plates are welded and cut off.

6. The steel structure main body hoisting process according to claim 5 is characterized in that: After the steel columns are fixed, the steel beams are hoisted, the steel beams are placed in the positions as shown in the drawing, and the splints are installed, high-strength bolts are tightened, and the wing plates are welded.

7. The steel structure main body hoisting process according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The steel columns are hoisted symmetrically from the middle to both sides using a tower crane, first hoisting the main steel beam and then the secondary steel beam.

8. The steel structure main body hoisting process according to claim 7 is characterized in that: Steel column hoisting: Before lifting the steel column, tie a steel ladder and set up an assembled operating platform. When lifting, pad the root, straighten the steel column through the hook and boom operation, tie a traction rope at the upper end, and check the safety of the rigging and crane after the column is lifted to a set distance from the ground. Check the movement of the sleepers during the lifting process. Stop lifting and check safety after reaching the lifting angle, continue lifting and install. Use adjustable fixed brackets and jack tools for correction during the installation process.

9. The steel structure main body hoisting process according to claim 8 is characterized in that: Steel beam hoisting: The installation of steel beams is carried out in the order of steel column installation. The main beam connected to the steel column is installed from the middle position. After both sides are fixed, bolts are inserted and initially tightened. After welding the connecting plates, final tightening is performed. When installing, the main beam is installed first and then the secondary beam. The steel beams are connected to form a stable frame, and cable wind ropes are pulled to temporarily fix it. After the edge steel beams are installed, safety ropes are pulled.

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