Coal mine tunnel supporting equipment and supporting method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of roadway supporting, and particularly discloses coal mine roadway supporting equipment and a supporting method.The coal mine roadway supporting equipment comprises a top net, a forepoling bar, a plurality of sets of steel supports, a plurality of sets of anchor cables and a supporting assembly arranged between the top net and the steel supports and used for enabling the top net to be tightly attached to the top wall of a roadway, the steel supports comprise top beams and supporting legs, and the top beams are H-shaped steel; the supporting assembly comprises a bottom plate arranged between the two steel supports, and the two ends of the bottom plate are inserted between the two flanges of the H-shaped steel of the two top beams respectively. The supporting plate is arranged above the bottom plate and abuts against the top net, the supporting plate comprises a middle plate and two side plates arranged at the two ends of the middle plate in a sliding mode respectively, a pop-up mechanism is installed between the side plates and the middle plate, the height of the supporting plate is adjusted through the supporting piece so that it can be guaranteed that the supporting plate can make close contact with the top net, and the supporting plate can be tightly fixed through the supporting assemblies arranged in a staggered mode. The continuity of the supporting surface is ensured, the pressure at the top of the roadway can be uniformly dispersed, and the stability of the roadway is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel support, and in particular to coal mine tunnel support equipment and a support method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Coal mines, as important energy materials, are used in industrial production and other fields. Since coal mines are generally hidden underground, coal mining operations are also underground operations. When mining underground, materials are generally transported and personnel enter and exit coal mine tunnels with the help of coal mine tunnels. Therefore, the stability of coal mine tunnels is crucial, and the support of coal mine tunnels will also become crucial. Support structures are required to support coal mine mining tunnels. In order to ensure the safety of construction workers, support structures must have high strength and high stability.

[0003] A Chinese patent document with authorization announcement number CN114542130B discloses a coal mining support frame that is in close contact with the inner wall of a tunnel, including a support frame, a rail fixedly installed on the inner wall of the support frame, a support rod fixedly installed on the outer wall of the support frame, and two arc-shaped metal plates fixedly installed on the outer wall of the support rod, the two arc-shaped metal plates are symmetrically arranged, and elastic small rods are fixedly installed on the edges of the arc-shaped metal plates, which blow water adhering to the outer surface of the support rod to two contact points with inclined surfaces arranged with each other, so that the adhering water can fall off, reduce the moisture on the support rod, alleviate the rusting effect of the support rod, achieve the effect of extending the service life, and make the support safer. When there is a gap between the arc-shaped metal plate and the inner wall of the tunnel, the arc-shaped metal plate can be restored and the gap can be filled to achieve the effect of always pressing against the inner wall of the tunnel, which can reduce the falling of impurities and gravel and improve the safety effect.

[0004] When using existing support devices for support, the front exploration beam is extended to the head through the lifting ring. Starting from the permanent support, the mesh is laid on top of the front exploration beam and overlapped with the supported mesh. Each row of mesh needs to be connected to the top with a backboard (road wood or wooden board), the wooden wedges are tightened, and anchor holes are left to ensure that the mesh is close to the top plate without empty tops. Therefore, round logs or square logs are usually used for top connection. For example, when a tunnel support system is constructed using H-shaped steel supports with a spacing of 1.2 meters, the width of the installation groove formed by the adjacent top beam flanges is 150 mm. Traditional support components require manual insertion of the two ends of the 2.4-meter-long square wood into the top beam grooves on both sides. This process requires two people to work together to complete the positioning and fixation. When the top net is deformed after being compressed, the contact surface between the wood and the top beam is prone to slip, causing the support point to shift, resulting in a separation gap between the top net and the top wall of the tunnel. Therefore, using round logs or square logs for top connection is more troublesome and inefficient. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides a coal mine tunnel supporting device, aiming to solve the problem that it is troublesome to use round wood or square wood for roof connection in the related technology.

[0006] A coal mine tunnel support device, comprising a top net, a front exploration beam, multiple sets of steel brackets, multiple sets of anchor cables, and a support assembly arranged between the top net and the steel bracket for making the top net close to the top wall of the tunnel, wherein the steel bracket comprises a top beam and legs, and the top beam is an H-shaped steel. The support assembly comprises: The bottom plate is arranged between the two steel brackets, and the two ends of the bottom plate are respectively inserted between the two flanges of the H-shaped steel of the two top beams; The support plate is arranged above the bottom plate and abuts against the top net. The support plate includes a middle plate and two side plates respectively slidably arranged at both ends of the middle plate. A pop-up mechanism is installed between the side plate and the middle plate. When the side plate completely moves out of the outer side surface of the top beam, the pop-up mechanism makes the side plate pop out and move to the top of the top beam. A support member, installed between the bottom plate and the support plate, and used to move the support plate away from or close to the bottom plate; The support components on the front and rear sides of the steel bracket are staggered so that the left and right sides of the side plates are respectively in contact with the side surfaces of the side plates in the two support components located on the other side of the steel bracket.

[0007] The effect is that: in the process of the side plate completely moving out of the outer side surface of the top beam, with the help of the pop-up mechanism, the side plate can be popped out and moved to the top of the top beam. During the installation process, the bottom plate needs to be tilted first so that one end is first inserted into the installation groove formed by the flange of the steel bracket top beam, and then the other end of the bottom plate is aligned with the installation groove formed by the flange of the other steel bracket beam. Next, the bottom plate needs to be returned to the center to ensure that the other end of the bottom plate can smoothly enter the installation groove on the other steel bracket. By adjusting the support member, the height of the support plate can be adjusted to make it contact with the top net. As the support plate slides outward, the side plate gradually passes over the top surface of the top beam. When the side plate completely passes over the top surface of the top beam, the pop-up mechanism works again to make the side plate pop out and move to the top of the top beam. The support components on the front and rear sides of the steel bracket are staggered. This arrangement makes the left and right sides of the side plates of one support component respectively contact the side surfaces of the side plates in the two support components on the other side of the steel bracket, thereby forming a continuous support surface. This design not only enhances the stability and safety of the support structure, but also effectively prevents the occurrence of top plate falling accidents.

[0008] Preferably, a guide rod is fixedly provided on one side of the side plate close to the middle plate, and a sliding groove for slidingly cooperating with the guide rod is provided on the middle plate.

[0009] Preferably, the top surface of the guide rod, the top surface of the side plate and the top surface of the middle plate are located in the same plane, ensuring that the guide rod slides smoothly in the slide groove and enables the guide rod to contact the top net, thereby further stabilizing the fit between the top net and the top wall of the tunnel.

[0010] Preferably, the pop-up mechanism includes an elastic band and a trigger mechanism, the two ends of the elastic band are respectively connected to the guide rod and the middle plate, and the trigger mechanism is installed between the bottom plate and the support plate. In the initial state, the trigger mechanism blocks the side plate from popping out. When the side plate moves beyond the top surface of the top beam, the trigger mechanism no longer blocks the side plate from popping out, thereby realizing the automatic pop-up function of the side plate. When the side plate completely moves out of the top surface of the top beam, the trigger mechanism is automatically released, and the elastic band can quickly pull the side plate to pop out and move to just above the top beam. This design avoids the need for manual operation of the side plate, and improves the degree of automation and work efficiency of the support device. At the same time, the side plate can be accurately positioned just above the top beam, ensuring the stability and reliability of the support structure.

[0011] Preferably, the trigger mechanism includes a baffle bar fixedly mounted on the bottom plate, a socket matched with the baffle bar is opened on the middle plate, and a slot matched with the baffle bar is arranged on the bottom surface of the guide rod. In the initial state, the top end of the baffle bar passes through the socket and is inserted into the slot, thereby preventing the side panel from popping out, realizing the automatic pop-up function of the side panel and providing a reliable locking mechanism. In the initial state, the baffle bar effectively prevents the side panel from accidentally popping out, increasing the safety of the device. When the side panel moves completely out of the top surface of the top beam, the baffle bar no longer restricts the side panel, thereby causing the side panel to pop out automatically.

[0012] Preferably, the support member includes two top plates slidably mounted on the front and rear ends of the middle plate, and a driving member for controlling the lifting and lowering of the top plate relative to the bottom plate is installed between the top plate and the bottom plate. Since the top wall of the coal mine tunnel is not completely flat, by arranging liftable top plates on the front and rear ends of the middle plate, the height of the support assembly can be adjusted according to actual conditions to make the top net fit more closely to the top wall of the tunnel. In addition, when the top wall of the tunnel is deformed, the height of the top plate can be adjusted to adapt to the deformation and maintain the support efficiency. This design enhances the adaptability and flexibility of the support equipment and improves the support effect.

[0013] Preferably, the driving member includes a screw rod 1, which passes through the bottom plate and engages with the bottom plate, the top end of the screw rod 1 is rotatably connected to the top plate, and the bottom end of the screw rod 1 is equipped with a driving head.

[0014] Preferably, a second screw rod is meshed in the middle of the bottom plate, and a support plate capable of abutting against the bottom surface of the middle plate is connected to the top of the second screw rod. A driving head is also installed at the bottom end of the second screw rod. The contact pressure between the support plate and the middle plate can be accurately adjusted by rotating the driving head to form multi-point uniform support between the top net and the top wall of the tunnel, thereby avoiding deformation of the middle plate due to insufficient local support force, increasing the contact area between the support plate and the middle plate, and effectively dispersing the load pressure.

[0015] Preferably, mounting grooves are provided on the left and right sides of the side panels, and connecting hooks are elastically hinged in the mounting grooves. When one side panel slides rearward against the other side panel, the connecting hooks on the two side panels hook with each other, thereby preventing the side panels from moving forward and being pulled out. When one side panel slides rearward against the other side panel, it abuts against the other connecting hook during the sliding process, thereby causing the two connecting hooks to retract into the mounting grooves. Subsequently, when the hooking portion of the connecting hook passes over the hooking portion of the other connecting hook, the two connecting hooks rebound under the action of the torsion spring, so that the connecting hooks on the two side panels hook with each other. This mutual hooking effectively prevents the side panels from being pulled out when they move forward, because once the connecting hooks hook with each other, they form a stable locking structure. This structure can effectively prevent the displacement of the side panels, thereby enhancing the overall stability.

[0016] A coal mine tunnel support method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Determine the hole position; Step 2: Drilling construction; Step 3: Drill the hole to the designed depth, install the steel pipe, withdraw the drill rod, use the high-pressure air duct to blow the drill cuttings in the hole clean, and push the seamless steel pipe into the hole to the predetermined position; Step 4: Push the longitudinal reinforcement steel bar bundle welded in advance into the seamless steel pipe; Step 5: Connect the grouting pipeline to the quick connector of the seamless steel pipe through the joint for grouting and wait for at least 24 hours; Step 6: After the tunnel boring machine reaches the designed section, a person stands under the well-supported beam and uses a long-handled tool to knock on the side and top to confirm safety; Step 7: Lay the top net and connect it with the previous roof net; Step 8: Install the top beam and the legs first, then clamp the two ends of the bottom plate in the installation grooves of the two top beams respectively, and then use the support to raise the side plate and the middle plate. When the side plate completely moves out of the outer side of the top beam, the side plate pops out and moves to the top of the top beam. Finally, the side plate and the middle plate lift the top net so that the top net is against the top wall of the tunnel to form a stable support. Step 9. Use anchor cables to further secure the top beam and legs.

[0017] The effect is that it solves the problems of poor size adaptability and high risk of high-altitude operation in traditional wood roofing. The mechanized installation method of the roof net and steel bracket reduces the operation of manual climbing support frame, and the automatic interlocking mechanism of the support components ensures the overall stability of the support system. The integrated implementation of the grouting process and steel pipe installation enhances the surrounding rock reinforcement effect, and the multi-stage safety inspection process significantly reduces the risk of roof collapse. The whole set of support methods realizes the standardization and safety improvement of tunnel support operations.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In the initial stage of installation, the operator needs to insert the bottom plate into the installation groove formed between the flanges of the two adjacent steel support top beams. After the bottom plate is successfully inserted, the next step is to use the support to adjust the height of the support plate to ensure that the support plate can be in close contact with the top net, so as to achieve the expected support effect. In this way, the installation difficulties and poor support effects caused by the use of wood as a support material in traditional coal mine roadway support can be effectively solved. In addition, this installation method not only simplifies the installation process, but also ensures the continuity of the support surface through the staggered arrangement of support components, which can more evenly disperse the pressure on the top of the roadway, thereby enhancing the stability of the roadway and ensuring the safety of miners; 2. Use the support to move the middle plate away from the bottom plate and upward. During this process, the blocking bar is gradually pulled out of the jack and slot. When the blocking bar is completely out of the slot, the side plate has completely passed the top surface of the top beam. At this time, the elastic belt begins to release the elastic potential energy stored before, so that the side plate can pop out and move to the top of the top beam. In this way, the front and rear support components of the steel bracket are staggered, and the support continues to push the middle plate up until the side plate and the middle plate work together to press the top net tightly against the top wall of the tunnel. This process completes the top connection reinforcement and effectively avoids the problem of a top connection blind spot just above the top beam. 3. When the two side panels approach each other and slide, the connecting hooks on the two side panels will retract into their respective installation grooves. As the sliding continues, the hooking portion of the connecting hook will pass over the hooking portion of the other connecting hook. After the hooking portions of the two connecting hooks pass over each other, the two connecting hooks will rebound under the action of the torsion spring, so that the connecting hooks on the two side panels can be hooked together. This mutual hooking action effectively prevents the side panels from being pulled out when moving forward. Once the connecting hooks are successfully hooked with each other, a stable locking structure will be formed. This structure can effectively prevent the displacement of the side panels, thereby greatly enhancing the stability of the overall structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a top view of the present invention after removing the top net.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the support assembly in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a front view of the initial state of the support assembly in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5It is a cross-sectional view of the initial state of the support assembly in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a front view of the final state of the support assembly in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 It is a top view of the final state of the support assembly in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Cross-sectional view at AA in the middle.

[0027] Reference numerals: 1. Top net; 2. Steel bracket; 21. Top beam; 22. Leg; 3. Support assembly; 31. Bottom plate; 32. Support plate; 321. Middle plate; 322. Side plate; 3221. Guide rod; 3222. Connecting hook; 323. Pop-up mechanism; 3231. Elastic belt; 3232. Baffle bar; 33. Support member; 331. Top plate; 332. Screw rod 1; 333. Screw rod 2; 3331. Support plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a coal mine tunnel support equipment includes a top net 1, multiple groups of steel supports 2, multiple groups of anchor cables (not shown in the figure), and multiple support components 3. The top net 1 is a mesh structure covering the top of the tunnel, which is used to prevent the top plate 331 from falling. The steel supports 2 and the support components 3 support the top net 1, so that the top net 1 is close to the top wall of the tunnel, and the anchor cables further reinforce the steel supports 2.

[0030] The steel bracket 2 consists of a top beam 21 and legs 22. The top beam 21 is H-shaped steel. Two mounting grooves facing the front and rear are formed between the two beam wings. The legs 22 are fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the top beam 21 to support the top beam 21. A pad is required at the bottom of the legs 22. The pad is preferably made of metal to disperse the pressure and prevent the legs 22 from sinking into the soil.

[0031] Each group of two anchor cables fixes the top beam 21 to the top plate 331 via an anchor cable plate (not shown in the figure) to increase the overall stability of the steel support 2.

[0032] like Figure 1-Figure 8As shown, the support components 3 on the front and rear sides of the steel bracket 2 are arranged alternately, and the support components 3 include a base plate 31, a support plate 32 and a support member 33. The support member 33 is installed between the base plate 31 and the support plate 32 to adjust the distance between the base plate 31 and the support plate 32. During the installation process, the base plate 31 is first inserted into the installation groove formed by the flange of the top beam 21 of the two adjacent steel brackets 2, and then the height of the support plate 32 is adjusted by the support member 33 so that the support plate 32 is in contact with the top net 1, thereby solving the problems of installation difficulties and poor support effects caused by using wood as a support material in traditional coal mine tunnel support, simplifying the installation process, and the staggered arrangement of the support components 3 ensures the continuity of the support surface and improves the overall support effect.

[0033] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the support plate 32 is composed of a middle plate 321, two side plates 322 and a pop-up mechanism 323. The two side plates 322 are fixedly connected with guide rods 3221. Both ends of the middle plate 321 are provided with slide grooves. The two side plates 322 are slidably mounted on both ends of the middle plate 321 through the cooperation of the guide rods 3221 and the slide grooves. The top surface of the guide rod 3221, the top surface of the side plates 322 and the top surface of the middle plate 321 are located in the same plane. The pop-up mechanism 323 is installed between the side plate 322 and the middle plate 321. When the side plate 322 completely moves out of the outer side of the top beam 21, the pop-up mechanism 323 causes the side plate 322 to pop out, and the side plate 322 moves to just above the top beam 21. During the installation process, the bottom plate 31 is first tilted, and one end is first inserted into the installation groove formed by the flange of the top beam 21 of the steel bracket 2, and the other end is aligned with the installation groove formed by the flange of the top beam 21 of the other steel bracket 2. Then, the bottom plate 31 is straightened so that the other end of the bottom plate 31 enters the installation groove on the other steel bracket 2. Then, the height of the support plate 32 is adjusted by the support member 33 so that the support plate 32 contacts the top net 1. As the support plate 32 slides outward, the side plate 322 gradually passes over the top surface of the top beam 21. When the side plate 322 completely passes over the top surface of the top beam 21, the pop-up mechanism 323 causes the side plate 322 to pop out and move to just above the top beam 21. At this time, the state is as follows: Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the support components 3 on the front and rear sides of the steel bracket 2 are arranged alternately, so that the left and right sides of the side plates 322 of one support component 3 are respectively in contact with the side surfaces of the side plates 322 of the two support components 3 located on the other side of the steel bracket 2, forming a Figure 2 The continuous supporting surface shown in the figure also enhances the stability and safety of the supporting structure and effectively prevents the top plate 331 from falling off.

[0034] The pop-up mechanism 323 includes an elastic band 3231 and a baffle 3232. The two ends of the elastic band 3231 are respectively connected to the guide rod 3221 and the middle plate 321. The baffle 3232 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the bottom plate 31. The middle plate 321 is provided with a plug hole adapted to the baffle 3232, so that the middle plate 321 can be raised and lowered relative to the baffle 3232. The bottom surface of the guide rod 3221 is provided with a slot adapted to the baffle 3232. The slot runs through the top and bottom of the guide rod 3221. In the initial state, the guide rod 3221 is completely located in the slide groove, and the elastic band 3231 is in a stretched state. At this time, Figure 5 As shown, the retaining bar 3232 passes through the insertion hole and the slot, restricting the side plate 322 from sliding in the direction away from the middle plate 321, thereby preventing the elastic band 3231 from releasing elastic potential energy. When the support member 33 drives the middle plate 321 to move upward away from the bottom plate 31, the retaining bar 3232 is gradually pulled out of the insertion hole and the slot. When the retaining bar 3232 is completely pulled out of the slot, the side plate 322 completely passes over the top surface of the top beam 21, and the elastic band 3231 releases elastic potential energy, causing the side plate 322 to pop out and move to just above the top beam 21, thereby staggering the support components 3 on the front and rear sides of the steel bracket 2, and the support member 33 continues to drive the middle plate 321 to rise until the side plate 322 and the middle plate 321 press the top net 1 against the top wall of the tunnel, thereby completing the top connection reinforcement.

[0035] The support member 33 includes two top plates 331, two screw rods 1 332 and screw rod 2 333. The two top plates 331 are slidably mounted on the front and rear ends of the middle plate 321, and dovetail grooves are provided between the top plates 331 and the middle plate 321. The dovetail grooves provide a stable support foundation for the top plates 331. A dovetail protrusion is provided on the side of the top plate 331 close to the middle plate 321. A vertical dovetail groove is provided on the end face of the middle plate 321. The cross section of the dovetail groove is wedge-shaped or triangular (the angle is usually 60°, which can be adjusted for special applications). The dovetail protrusion and the dovetail groove form an inclined surface. This design improves the tensile and shear resistance by increasing the contact area.

[0036] The screw rod 332 passes through the bottom plate 31 and meshes with the bottom plate 31. A driving head is installed at the bottom end of the screw rod 332. The driving head drives the screw rod 332 to rise and fall relative to the bottom plate 31. The top end of the screw rod 332 is rotatably connected to the top plate 331, thereby driving the top plate 331 to rise and fall, so that the top plate 331 slides along the dovetail groove direction. The screw rod 333 also passes through the bottom plate 31 and meshes with the bottom plate 31. The bottom end of the screw rod 333 is also equipped with a driving head. The top end of the screw rod 333 is connected to the support plate 3331. The support plate 3331 can be against the middle plate 321, thereby providing support force for the middle plate 321. The top of the top plate 331 is provided with a clearance groove adapted to the guide rod 3221, so that the top surface of the top plate 331 is coplanar with the top surface of the guide rod 3221, so that the top plate 331 and the guide rod 3221 jointly apply uniform pressure to the top net 1 to ensure the overall stability of the support structure.

[0037] When the drive head is rotated, the meshing relationship between the screw 1 332 and the bottom plate 31 converts the rotational motion into the axial displacement of the screw 1 332, thereby pushing the top plate 331 up and down relative to the bottom plate 31. Since the screw 1 332 is directly meshed with the bottom plate 31, no additional transmission parts are required, the structure is simplified and the transmission efficiency is improved. The rotation connection design between the top plate 331 and the top of the screw 1 332 avoids the top plate 331 from deflecting or getting stuck due to the rotation of the screw 1 332, ensuring the stability of the lifting process. The drive head is set at the bottom of the screw 1 332, and the operator can complete the adjustment on the ground without climbing, which significantly improves safety and efficiency. When the side plate 322 completely passes over the top surface of the top beam 21, the elastic band 3231 releases the elastic potential energy, causing the side plate 322 to pop out And move to just above the top beam 21, then the support plate 32 continues to rise until the side plate 322 and the middle plate 321 press the top net 1 against the top wall of the tunnel. At this time, the top plate 331 applies an upward thrust to the guide rod 3221, and at the same time forms a stable support for the side plate 322 and the middle plate 321, ensuring that the top net 1 fits tightly against the top wall. Afterwards, the driving head of the screw rod 333 is rotated, and the axial displacement of the screw rod 333 drives the support plate 3331 to rise until the support plate 3331 is against the middle plate 321, further strengthening the supporting force of the middle plate 321.

[0038] The cam 3222 is provided with a plurality of protruding hooks 3224 on the top of the support plate 321, and the cam 3222 is provided with a plurality of protruding hooks 3224 on the top of the support plate 321. Figure 2 As shown), the side plate 322 is prevented from moving forward and being pulled out. After the connecting hooks 3222 are hooked with each other, a stable locking structure is formed, which effectively prevents the side plate 322 from being displaced and enhances the overall stability.

[0039] Working principle: During the top connection operation, the bottom plate 31 needs to be tilted first so that one end is inserted into the installation groove formed by the flange of the top beam 21 of the steel bracket 2. Then, the other end of the bottom plate 31 is aligned with the other installation groove formed by the flange of the top beam 21 of the steel bracket 2. When the bottom plate 31 is tilted, the return operation is performed so that the other end of the bottom plate 31 can smoothly enter the installation groove on the other steel bracket 2. At this time, both ends of the bottom plate 31 enter the groove, and the bottom plate 31 is erected between the two top beams 21. Subsequently, the operator needs to rotate the two screw rods 332 through the drive head to push the top plate 331 to rise and fall relative to the bottom plate 31. When the side plate 322 completely passes over the top surface of the top beam 21, the blocking bar 3232 will be completely pulled out of the slot, and the elastic band 3231 releases its stored elastic potential energy, so that the side plate 322 can pop out and move upward until it slides backward against the other side plate 322. After the hooking part of the connecting hook 3222 on the side plate 322 passes over the hooking part of the other connecting hook 3222, the two connecting hooks 3222 rebound under the action of the torsion spring, so that the connecting hooks 3222 on the two side plates 322 are hooked with each other. At this time, the support plate 32 continues to rise until the side plate 322 and the middle plate 321 press the top net 1 against the top wall of the lane. In this process, the top plate 331 will exert an upward thrust on the guide rod 3221, and at the same time form a stable support for the side plate 322 and the middle plate 321. Finally, by rotating the driving head of screw rod 2 333, the axial displacement of screw rod 2 333 drives the support plate 3331 to rise until the support plate 3331 is tightly against the middle plate 321. This action further strengthens the supporting force of the middle plate 321, ensuring that the overall structure remains stable under high pressure, effectively preventing accidental collapse of the tunnel top wall, thereby significantly improving the safety factor of the operation.

[0040] A coal mine tunnel support method comprises the following steps: S1. Determine the hole position. During the tunnel excavation process, when entering the broken surrounding rock section, determine the construction start position according to the design plan and carry out preparatory work; S2, drilling construction, the spacing of the holes along the pipe shed direction is 500mm, use a hydraulic drill to measure and lay out according to the design parameters, and then construct the No. 1 hole, and drill along the tunnel excavation direction; S3. Installation of steel pipes: Drill holes to the designed depth, withdraw the drill rod, use a high-pressure air duct to clean the drill cuttings in the hole, push the seamless steel pipe into the drill hole to the predetermined position, and reserve a length of 300mm outside the hole. If the hole collapses and becomes blocked, the steel pipe should be removed, and then installed after the hole is swept and cleaned; if the steel pipe still cannot be sent to the designed depth after the hole is swept, the hole wall can be grouting consolidated and then the steel pipe can be re-drilled and installed. The seamless steel pipe is DN50×5mm in size and 6.3m in length. The front end is processed into a cone shape, and a row of grouting holes is drilled in the pipe wall with a hole diameter of 10mm and a hole spacing of 250mm. They are arranged in a straight line, and a grouting stop section of 150cm is left at the tail without drilling. When pushing the steel pipe in, adjust the drilling angle of the pipe wall grouting hole so that it is along the outer contour diameter of the tunnel. A quick connector is welded in advance at the exposed end of the steel pipe to connect the grouting pipe. S4. Install the longitudinal reinforcement steel bar bundle. Push the pre-welded longitudinal reinforcement steel bar bundle into the seamless steel pipe to the designed depth, 300mm inside the hole. The longitudinal reinforcement steel bar bundle includes 4 φ6mm third-grade steel bars and 7 φ6mm second-grade steel bars made of fixing rings. The fixing rings are evenly distributed and spot-welded to the longitudinal steel bars. They are set at a spacing of 1.0m. The total length of the steel bar bundle is 6.0m. S5. Continue to construct the remaining holes, push the seamless steel pipe into the holes, and install the longitudinal reinforcement steel bar bundle in the seamless steel pipe; S6. After all steel pipes and steel tendons are installed in place, grouting work begins; S7, grouting operation, connect the grouting pipeline to the quick connector of the seamless steel pipe through the joint. Use the grouting machine to inject cement-water glass double slurry (cement slurry water-cement ratio 1:1, cement slurry and water glass volume ratio 1:0.5, water glass modulus should be 2.4-3.4, concentration 30-45 degrees Baume, grouting pressure 1.5-2.0MPa), after the grouting pressure stabilizes at 2MPa, close the stop valve, stop grouting, and start the next set of drilling grouting work; S8. After all holes are grouted, wait at least 24 hours for the grout in the pipe to initially set before starting excavation operations; S9, the tunnel boring machine is used to drill and cut in the middle and upper part of the section. When the predetermined tunneling depth is reached, the tunnel boring machine is used to cut strips from left to right, and finally the tunnel side is brushed and the bottom is cleaned; S10. Cutting should be done in the order of soft first and hard later, from top to bottom, and from right to left. Depending on the softness and hardness of the coal stratum, 200-500mm is reserved on both sides, and the sides are manually brushed to the designed rough section; S11. After the cutting reaches the designed section, stand under the well-supported shed beams manually and use long-handled tools to knock on the sides and tops. After confirming safety, use 80mm thick wooden boards and 60mm diameter steel pipes to build an operating table; S12, laying the top net 1 and overlapping it with the previous roof net 1 by 100mm; S13, installing the top beam 21 and the legs 22; S14, the support assembly 3 is installed between the top beam 21 and the top net 1, and the two ends of the bottom plate 31 are respectively clamped in the installation grooves of the two top beams 21, and then the support plate 32 is raised by the support member 33, so that the top net 1 is against the top wall of the tunnel to form a stable support; S15. Carry out anchor cable reinforcement construction.

[0041] S15 includes the following steps: S151, four groups of grouting anchor cables are arranged at intervals of 700mm to 1000mm between each top beam 21. The grouting anchor cables are hollow grouting anchor cables with a diameter of 22mm and a length of 6000mm to 8500mm. Two anchor cables in each group are used to fix the top beam 21 to the top plate 331 through a special anchor cable plate to increase the overall stability of the steel support 2; S152. Use the anchor drilling machine to construct the anchor hole to the designed depth according to the designed angle; S153, inject anchoring agent into the borehole, then send the grouting anchor cable to the designed depth, anchor the end, and after two grouting anchor cables in a group are sent to the designed depth, install the anchor cable disc and lock, and use the anchor cable tensioning machine to tension them to the designed preload; S154. Carry out grouting operation, connect the grouting machine pipeline to the grouting hole at the tail of the anchor cable, ensure that all joints are firmly connected, and then start grouting. The grouting liquid adopts cement-water glass double grouting liquid (cement slurry water-cement ratio is 1:1, cement slurry and water glass volume ratio is 1:0.5, water glass modulus should be 2.4-3.4, concentration is 30-45 degrees Baume, and grouting pressure is 5-7MPa); S155. After the grouting is completed, wait for the slurry pressure to stabilize for 45 minutes before removing the grouting pipeline, tighten the screw plug at the tail of the anchor cable, and complete the anchor cable reinforcement construction of the top beam 21.

[0042] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal mine tunnel support equipment, comprising a top net, a front exploration beam, multiple sets of steel brackets, multiple sets of anchor cables, and a support assembly arranged between the top net and the steel brackets for making the top net close to the top wall of the tunnel, characterized in that: The steel support includes a top beam and legs, the top beam is H-shaped steel, and the support assembly includes: The bottom plate is arranged between the two steel brackets, and the two ends of the bottom plate are respectively inserted between the two flanges of the H-shaped steel of the two top beams; The support plate is arranged above the bottom plate and abuts against the top net. The support plate includes a middle plate and two side plates respectively slidably arranged at both ends of the middle plate. A pop-up mechanism is installed between the side plate and the middle plate. When the side plate completely moves out of the outer side surface of the top beam, the pop-up mechanism makes the side plate pop out and move to the top of the top beam. A support member, installed between the bottom plate and the support plate, and used to move the support plate away from or close to the bottom plate; The support components on the front and rear sides of the steel bracket are staggered so that the left and right sides of the side plates are respectively in contact with the side surfaces of the side plates in the two support components located on the other side of the steel bracket.

2. The coal mine tunnel support equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide rod is fixedly arranged on one side of the side plate close to the middle plate, and a sliding groove for slidingly cooperating with the guide rod is opened on the middle plate.

3. The coal mine tunnel support equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top surface of the guide rod, the top surface of the side plate and the top surface of the middle plate are located in the same plane.

4. The coal mine tunnel support equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pop-up mechanism includes an elastic band and a trigger mechanism, the two ends of the elastic band are respectively connected to the guide rod and the middle plate, and the trigger mechanism is installed between the bottom plate and the support plate. In the initial state, the trigger mechanism blocks the side plate from popping out. When the side plate moves beyond the top surface of the top beam, the trigger mechanism no longer blocks the side plate from popping out.

5. The coal mine tunnel support equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The trigger mechanism includes a baffle bar fixedly mounted on the bottom plate, a socket matched with the baffle bar is opened on the middle plate, and a slot matched with the baffle bar is arranged on the bottom surface of the guide rod. In the initial state, the top end of the baffle bar passes through the socket and is inserted into the slot, thereby preventing the side plate from popping out.

6. The coal mine tunnel support equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support member comprises two top plates respectively slidably mounted on the front and rear ends of the middle plate, and a driving member for controlling the lifting of the top plate relative to the bottom plate is mounted between the top plate and the bottom plate.

7. The coal mine tunnel support equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving member comprises a screw rod 1, which passes through the bottom plate and meshes with the bottom plate, the top end of the screw rod 1 is rotatably connected to the top plate, and the bottom end of the screw rod 1 is provided with a driving head.

8. The coal mine tunnel support equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The middle part of the bottom plate is meshed with a screw rod 2, the top of the screw rod 2 is connected with a support plate that can abut against the bottom surface of the middle plate, and the bottom end of the screw rod 2 is also installed with a driving head.

9. The coal mine tunnel support equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The left and right sides of the side panels are provided with mounting grooves, and connecting hooks are elastically hinged in the mounting grooves. When one side panel slides backward against the other side panel, the connecting hooks on the two side panels are hooked with each other, thereby preventing the side panels from moving forward and being pulled out.

10. A method for supporting coal mine tunnel support equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Determine the hole position; Step 2: Drilling construction; Step 3: Drill the hole to the designed depth, install the steel pipe, withdraw the drill rod, use the high-pressure air duct to blow the drill cuttings in the hole clean, and push the seamless steel pipe into the hole to the predetermined position; Step 4: Push the longitudinal reinforcement steel bar bundle welded in advance into the seamless steel pipe; Step 5: Connect the grouting pipeline to the quick connector of the seamless steel pipe through the joint for grouting and wait for at least 24 hours; Step 6: After the tunnel boring machine reaches the designed section, a person stands under the well-supported beam and uses a long-handled tool to knock on the side and top to confirm safety; Step 7: Lay the top net and connect it with the previous roof net; Step 8: Install the top beam and the legs first, then clamp the two ends of the bottom plate in the installation grooves of the two top beams respectively, and then use the support to raise the side plate and the middle plate. When the side plate completely moves out of the outer side of the top beam, the side plate pops out and moves to the top of the top beam. Finally, the side plate and the middle plate lift the top net so that the top net is against the top wall of the tunnel to form a stable support. Step 9. Use anchor cables to further secure the top beam and legs.

Images