A laser welding apparatus and welding method

Abstract

The application relates to the field of welding devices, and discloses a laser welding device and a welding method, wherein the welding device comprises a bottom plate and a position adjusting mechanism, the bottom plate is provided with a mounting plate and a driving mechanism; the driving mechanism is transmissionally matched with a heating mechanism for heat treatment of a pipe fitting; the mounting plate is provided with a self-adapting welding mechanism; in the welding process, the heating mechanism preheats the pipe fitting, the position adjusting mechanism adjusts the weld position of the pipe fitting, the weld position is aligned with the action end of the self-adapting welding mechanism, the driving of the driving mechanism is matched, the self-adapting welding mechanism self-adapts welding according to the change of the outer periphery of the pipe fitting, magnetism is applied to the weld, and knocking is applied when the pipe fitting rotates, so that the thermal stress of the pipe fitting is eliminated. The self-adapting welding mechanism applies magnetism to the weld, the welding quality is improved, the performance of the welding position is enhanced, meanwhile, the heating mechanism preheats the pipe fitting, the thermal stress is reduced, the knocking when the pipe fitting rotates further eliminates the thermal stress, the shape stability of the welding position is ensured, and the welding quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding equipment technology, and more specifically, to a laser welding apparatus and welding method. Background Technology

[0002] Laser welding uses high-energy laser pulses to locally heat a small area of ​​material. The energy of the laser radiation diffuses into the interior of the material through heat conduction, melting the material and forming a specific molten pool.

[0003] When welding aluminum tubes, due to the characteristics of the aluminum tube material itself, the heat input is concentrated during laser welding, which can easily lead to excessive local temperature differences, causing thermal stress, deformation or warping, and thus affecting the quality of the weld. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a laser welding device and welding method, which solves the technical problem in related technologies where laser welding devices and welding methods are prone to causing excessive local temperature differences, resulting in thermal stress, deformation or warping, and thus affecting the quality of the weld.

[0005] This invention provides a laser welding device, including a base plate and a position adjustment mechanism, wherein the base plate is provided with a mounting plate and a driving mechanism;

[0006] The drive mechanism is coupled with a heating mechanism for heat treatment of pipe fittings.

[0007] The mounting plate is equipped with a self-adaptive welding mechanism;

[0008] During the welding process, the heating mechanism preheats the pipe fitting, the position adjustment mechanism adjusts the weld position of the pipe fitting to align it with the working end of the self-adaptive welding mechanism, and with the drive mechanism, the self-adaptive welding mechanism adapts to the changes in the outer periphery of the pipe fitting for self-adaptive welding, applies magnetism to the weld, and applies a knocking motion when the pipe fitting rotates to eliminate the thermal stress of the pipe fitting.

[0009] As a further optimization of the present invention, the position adjustment mechanism includes a mounting frame, a first driving component, a circular support plate and a rotating ring. The circular support plate supports the pipe fitting. The first driving component is mounted on the mounting frame, and the driving end of the first driving component is rotatably connected to the circular support plate through the rotating ring.

[0010] As a further optimization of the present invention, the driving mechanism includes a base, a rotating disk, an internal gear ring, a drive motor, and a drive gear. The base is mounted on a base plate and fixedly connected to a mounting bracket. The rotating disk is rotatably sleeved in the middle of the base. The circular support plate is placed on the top of the rotating disk. The internal gear ring is installed at the bottom of the rotating disk. The drive motor is installed on the base plate and is connected to the internal gear ring via the drive gear.

[0011] As a further optimization of the present invention, the heating mechanism includes a heating element and a heat-conducting square rod. The heating element is fixedly mounted in the middle of the rotating disk and is fixedly connected to the heat-conducting square rod. The circular support plate has an opening through which the heat-conducting square rod passes.

[0012] As a further optimization of the present invention, the self-adaptive welding mechanism includes a second driving component, a right-angle rod, a laser welding head, a magnetic rod, a turntable, an elastic rope, and a magnetic ball. The second driving component is mounted on a mounting plate, and the driving end of the second driving component is connected to the right-angle rod through an elastic element. The laser welding head is disposed on the elastic element. A sleeve is rotatably fitted inside the right-angle rod. The magnetic rod is fixedly fitted inside the sleeve. One end of the magnetic rod extends into the middle of the turntable and is fixedly fitted with a mounting ring. The mounting ring is rotatably fitted with the turntable. A notch is formed on the side of the mounting ring facing the tube. Channels with equal spacing are opened on the circumference of the turntable. Connecting blocks are installed inside the channels. The connecting blocks are connected to the magnetic ball through an elastic rope.

[0013] As a further optimization of the present invention, the elastic element includes a spring, a connecting plate and a follower plate. The connecting plate is fitted at the driving end of the second driving element and is connected to the follower plate through the spring. The laser welding head is fixedly fitted on the follower plate.

[0014] As a further optimization of the present invention, a guide rod is installed on the connecting plate, and one end of the guide rod slides through the follower plate.

[0015] As a further optimization of the present invention, the magnetic ball is wrapped with an elastic sleeve.

[0016] As a further optimization of the present invention, a support rod is installed on the right-angle rod, and a ball bearing that is rotatably connected to the bottom plate is rotatably sleeved on the bottom end of the support rod.

[0017] A laser welding method, employing the aforementioned laser welding apparatus, includes the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: Adjusting the weld position:

[0019] Place the fitting onto the heat-conducting square rod and align the weld seam of the fitting with the laser welding head;

[0020] Step 2: Heat treatment:

[0021] When the pipe fitting is fitted onto the heat-conducting square rod, the heating is activated to heat the pipe fitting.

[0022] Step 3: Welding process:

[0023] The second driving component moves the laser welding head toward the weld seam. The turntable contacts the outer circumference of the pipe. The driving mechanism drives the pipe to rotate. The laser welding head welds the weld seam. The magnetic rod acts on the weld seam. As the pipe rotates, the magnetic ball rotates to the notch. Under the action of the magnetic rod, it impacts the pipe.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0025] 1. The laser welding device and welding method described in this invention, by incorporating a self-adaptive welding mechanism, applies magnetic force to the weld seam, influencing the flow behavior of the molten pool, making the weld surface smoother and reducing fluctuations; changing the flow pattern facilitates gas discharge and reduces porosity; making the molten pool flow more complex, refining the weld microstructure, and improving mechanical properties. In aluminum welding, magnetic field stirring can refine brittle intermetallic compounds (such as FeAl3), inhibiting their excessive growth, optimizing the metal crystal morphology at the weld seam, making the weld structure denser and more uniform, and enhancing the strength and toughness of the welded part. At the same time, the magnetic field acts on a magnetic ball to tap the pipe fitting. The application of tapping in laser welding can significantly improve welding quality, reduce defects, increase efficiency, and enhance the adaptability and reliability of the welding process.

[0026] 2. The laser welding device and welding method described in this invention preheats the pipe fittings by a heating mechanism, which effectively reduces the temperature difference during welding and reduces the generation of thermal stress. The self-adaptive welding mechanism applies a tapping motion when the pipe fittings rotate, which further eliminates the thermal stress of the pipe fittings and prevents the pipe fittings from deforming or warping due to excessive temperature difference and thermal stress. This ensures the dimensional accuracy and shape stability of the pipe fittings after welding and improves the welding quality. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is an overall diagram of a laser welding device proposed in this invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of a laser welding device proposed in this invention.

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Another perspective structural diagram.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the position adjustment mechanism in a laser welding device proposed in this invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism in a laser welding device proposed in this invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the turntable in a laser welding device proposed in this invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the self-adaptive welding mechanism in a laser welding device proposed in this invention.

[0034] In the picture:

[0035] 1. Base plate;

[0036] 2. Position adjustment mechanism; 21. Mounting bracket; 22. First driving component; 23. Circular support plate; 231. Through port; 24. Rotary ring;

[0037] 3. Mounting plate;

[0038] 4. Drive mechanism; 41. Base; 42. Rotating disk; 43. Internal gear ring; 44. Drive motor; 45. Drive gear;

[0039] 5. Pipe fittings;

[0040] 6. Heating mechanism; 61. Heating element; 62. Heat-conducting square rod;

[0041] 7. Self-adaptive welding mechanism; 71. Second drive component; 72. Right-angle rod; 73. Laser welding head; 74. Magnetic rod; 75. Turntable; 751. Channel; 76. Elastic rope; 77. Magnetic ball; 78. Sleeve; 79. Mounting ring; 791. Notch; 710. Connecting block; 711. Spring; 712. Connecting plate; 713. Follower plate; 714. Guide rod; 715. Support rod. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the subject matter described herein, and changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements discussed without departing from the scope of this specification. Various processes or components may be omitted, substituted, or added as needed in the examples. Furthermore, features described in some examples may be combined in other examples.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, a laser welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a base plate 1 and a position adjustment mechanism 2. The base plate 1 is provided with a mounting plate 3 and a driving mechanism 4. The driving mechanism 4 is driven by a heating mechanism 6 for heat treatment of a pipe fitting 5. A self-adaptive welding mechanism 7 is provided at the mounting plate 3. During the welding process, the heating mechanism 6 preheats the pipe fitting 5, and the position adjustment mechanism 2 adjusts the weld position of the pipe fitting 5 to align it with the working end of the self-adaptive welding mechanism 7. With the drive of the driving mechanism 4, the self-adaptive welding mechanism 7 self-adapts to the changes in the outer periphery of the pipe fitting 5, applies magnetism to the weld, and applies a knocking motion when the pipe fitting 5 rotates to eliminate the thermal stress of the pipe fitting 5.

[0044] It should be noted that the position adjustment mechanism 2 adjusts the position of the pipe fitting 5 so that the weld seam is precisely aligned with the working end of the self-adaptive welding mechanism 7, ensuring the accuracy of the welding position. The drive mechanism 4 not only provides power for the rotation of the pipe fitting 5, but also drives the heating mechanism 6 to operate. The heating mechanism 6 preheats the pipe fitting 5 under the drive mechanism 4, effectively reducing the temperature difference during welding and reducing the generation of thermal stress. During the rotation of the pipe fitting 5, the self-adaptive welding mechanism 7 can adapt to the changes in the outer periphery of the pipe fitting 5 to ensure stable welding. The self-adaptive welding mechanism 7 applies magnetism to the weld seam to optimize the metal crystallization morphology at the weld seam and improve the welding quality. Furthermore, the self-adaptive welding mechanism 7 further eliminates thermal stress by tapping the pipe fitting 5 during its rotation.

[0045] Reference Figures 1 to 4 The content, the position adjustment mechanism 2 includes a mounting frame 21, a first driving component 22, a circular support plate 23 and a rotating ring 24. The circular support plate 23 supports the pipe 5. The first driving component 22 (the driving component is an electric push rod, a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder) is mounted on the mounting frame 21. The driving end of the first driving component 22 is rotatably connected to the circular support plate 23 through the rotating ring 24.

[0046] After the pipe fitting 5 is placed, the first drive unit 22 is activated, and its drive end outputs power to change the position of the circular support plate 23 in the vertical direction through the rotating ring 24. During the vertical movement of the circular support plate 23, the position of the weld seam of the pipe fitting 5 can be adjusted to ensure that the weld seam is precisely aligned with the working end of the self-adaptive welding mechanism 7, thus preparing for the subsequent welding work. Afterwards, the drive mechanism 4 provides power for the rotation of the pipe fitting 5 and drives the heating mechanism 6 to operate. The heating mechanism 6 preheats the pipe fitting 5 to reduce thermal stress. The self-adaptive welding mechanism 7 automatically adjusts the welding position, applies magnetism, and taps according to the changes in the outer periphery of the pipe fitting 5 to complete the welding.

[0047] Reference Figure 5 The drive mechanism 4 includes a base 41, a rotating disk 42, an internal gear ring 43, a drive motor 44, and a drive gear 45. The base 41 is mounted on the base plate 1 and fixedly connected to the mounting bracket 21. The rotating disk 42 is rotatably sleeved in the middle of the base 41. The circular support plate 23 is placed on the top of the rotating disk 42. The internal gear ring 43 is installed at the bottom of the rotating disk 42. The drive motor 44 is installed on the base plate 1 and is connected to the internal gear ring 43 through the drive gear 45.

[0048] It should be noted that after the position of the pipe fitting 5 is adjusted by the position adjustment mechanism 2, the drive motor 44 starts, which drives the drive gear 45 to rotate. Since the drive gear 45 meshes with the internal gear ring 43 installed at the bottom of the rotating disk 42, the rotation of the drive gear 45 drives the internal gear ring 43 to rotate, which in turn causes the rotating disk 42 to rotate. When the rotating disk 42 rotates, the circular support plate 23 placed on its top rotates accordingly, thereby driving the pipe fitting 5 to rotate.

[0049] Reference Figures 1 to 3The heating mechanism 6 includes a heating element 61 and a heat-conducting square rod 62. The heating element 61 (which is a heating rod or heating wire) is fixedly mounted in the middle of the rotating disk 42 and is fixedly connected to the heat-conducting square rod 62 (which is a copper heat-conducting square rod). The circular support plate 23 has an opening 231 through which the heat-conducting square rod 62 passes.

[0050] It should be noted that the heating element 61 is located in the middle of the rotating disk 42. When the driving mechanism 4 drives the rotating disk 42 to rotate, the heat generated by the heating element 61 is transferred to the pipe 5 through the heat-conducting square rod 62. The pipe 5 is sleeved on the heat-conducting square rod 62. The opening 231 on the circular support plate 23 allows the heat-conducting square rod 62 to pass through the circular support plate 23. This does not affect the rotation of the circular support plate 23, and ensures that the pipe 5 can be placed on the circular support plate 23 to receive heating. This effectively achieves the preheating of the pipe 5, reduces the temperature difference and thermal stress during welding. After the pipe 5 is heated and reaches the set temperature, the self-adaptive welding mechanism 7 starts to work.

[0051] Reference Figures 2 to 7 The self-adaptive welding mechanism 7 includes a second drive component 71, a right-angle rod 72, a laser welding head 73, a magnetic rod 74, a turntable 75, an elastic rope 76, and a magnetic ball 77. The second drive component 71 is mounted on the mounting plate 3. The drive end of the second drive component 71 is an electric push rod, hydraulic cylinder, or pneumatic cylinder connected to the right-angle rod 72 through an elastic element. The laser welding head 73 is set on the elastic element. A sleeve 78 is rotatably sleeved inside the right-angle rod 72. The magnetic rod 74 is fixedly sleeved inside the sleeve 78. One end of the magnetic rod 74 extends into the middle of the turntable 75 and is fixedly sleeved with a mounting ring 79. The mounting ring 79 is rotatably sleeved with the turntable 75. A notch 791 is formed on the side of the mounting ring 79 facing the tube 5. Channels 751 with equal spacing are opened on the circumference of the turntable 75. A connecting block 710 (the connecting block 710 is a plastic connecting block) is installed inside the channel 751. The connecting block 710 is connected to the magnetic ball 77 through the elastic rope 76.

[0052] Magnetic fields can influence the flow behavior within the molten pool, making the weld surface smoother and reducing surface fluctuations. Magnetic fields can also alter the flow pattern within the molten pool, facilitating gas expulsion and reducing porosity. Under the influence of a magnetic field, the flow behavior within the molten pool becomes more complex, helping to refine the weld microstructure and thus improve its mechanical properties. In aluminum welding, magnetic field stirring can refine brittle intermetallic compounds (such as FeAl3) and inhibit their excessive growth, thereby improving the weld's toughness. It can also optimize the metal crystallization morphology at the weld, making the weld structure denser and more uniform, enhancing the mechanical properties of the welded joint, and strengthening the weld's strength and toughness.

[0053] The effect of tapping:

[0054] Tapping or vibration can help release gas in the weld during the welding process, reducing the formation of porosity and thus improving the density and strength of the weld.

[0055] Vibration or tapping can effectively alleviate the thermal stress generated during welding, reducing welding deformation and cracks.

[0056] Hammering can improve the appearance and quality of the weld, making it smoother and reducing the need for post-weld treatment.

[0057] Vibration or tapping techniques can accelerate the flow and solidification of the molten pool, thereby increasing welding speed and efficiency.

[0058] Vibration or impact can refine the grain structure of the weld, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the welded joint.

[0059] It should be noted that after the pipe fitting 5 is heated and rotated under the drive of the drive mechanism 4, the second drive component 71 is activated. Its drive end pushes the elastic component, which drives the right-angle rod 72 to move, so that the laser welding head 73 is close to the weld of the pipe fitting 5. The sleeve 78 inside the right-angle rod 72 can rotate, and the magnetic rod 74 is fixed inside the sleeve 78. When the pipe fitting 5 rotates, the turntable 75 that contacts the outer periphery of the pipe fitting 5 rotates accordingly. During the rotation of the turntable 75, the magnetic ball 77 connected by the elastic rope 76 in the channel 751 follows the rotation. When the magnetic ball 77 rotates to the notch 791 of the mounting ring 79, it will be subjected to the magnetic force of the magnetic rod 74 and impact the pipe fitting 5, thereby eliminating thermal stress. At the same time, the magnetic rod 74 continuously applies magnetism to the weld, improves the crystal structure of the metal at the weld, and improves the welding quality.

[0060] The elastic element allows the laser welding head 73 to adaptively adjust according to the changes in the outer periphery of the tube 5, ensuring the stability of the welding. During the entire welding process, the rotation of the tube 5 drives the turntable 75 to rotate, and the magnetic ball 77 impacts the tube 5 under the action of the magnetic rod 74 and the elastic rope 76 to eliminate thermal stress.

[0061] Specifically, the elastic element includes a spring 711, a connecting plate 712, and a follower plate 713. The connecting plate 712 is fitted at the driving end of the second driving element 71 and is connected to the follower plate 713 through the spring 711. The laser welding head 73 is fixedly fitted on the follower plate 713.

[0062] When the self-adaptive welding mechanism 7 is working, the driving end of the second driving member 71 pushes the connecting plate 712. Since the connecting plate 712 is connected to the follower plate 713 through the spring 711, when the second driving member 71 pushes the connecting plate 712, the spring 711 will be compressed accordingly, thereby driving the follower plate 713 to move, so that the laser welding head 73 fixed on the follower plate 713 is close to the weld seam of the pipe 5. At this time, the turntable 75 is pressed against the outer periphery of the pipe 5. When the turntable 75 is pressed against the outer periphery of the pipe 5, the vertical position of the pipe 5 is limited.

[0063] During the rotation of the pipe fitting 5, if the outer circumference of the pipe fitting 5 changes, the spring 711 can adaptively adjust the position of the follower plate 713 to ensure that the laser welding head 73 can always maintain a suitable distance and angle with the weld of the pipe fitting 5, so as to achieve stable welding, improve the adaptability and welding quality of welding. During the entire welding process, the spring 711 will adjust the position of the laser welding head 73 according to the real-time changes of the outer circumference of the pipe fitting 5.

[0064] Furthermore, in order to increase the stability of the movement of the follower plate 713, a guide rod 714 is installed on the connecting plate 712, and one end of the guide rod 714 slides through the follower plate 713.

[0065] The magnetic ball 77 is wrapped with an elastic sleeve (not shown in the figure; the elastic sleeve is a rubber elastic sleeve or a silicone elastic sleeve).

[0066] Working principle: When the magnetic ball 77 impacts the pipe fitting 5, the elastic sleeve outside acts as a buffer. When the magnetic ball 77 impacts the pipe fitting 5 under the magnetic force of the magnetic rod 74, the elastic sleeve can reduce the damage of the magnetic ball 77 to the surface of the pipe fitting 5, avoid leaving impact marks on the surface of the pipe fitting 5, and also reduce the noise generated during the impact.

[0067] During the process of eliminating thermal stress by impacting the pipe fitting 5 with the magnetic ball 77, the elastic sleeve plays a buffering role and protects the surface of the pipe fitting 5. This design works together with other components to ensure that the quality of the pipe fitting 5 is not affected while eliminating thermal stress.

[0068] To increase the stability of the laser welding head 73 in the vertical direction, a support rod 715 is installed on the right-angle rod 72, and the bottom end of the support rod 715 is rotatably sleeved with a ball bearing that is rollingly connected to the base plate 1.

[0069] A laser welding method, employing the aforementioned laser welding apparatus, includes the following steps:

[0070] Step 1, Adjustment of weld position: Place fitting 5 on the heat-conducting square rod 62 and align the weld of fitting 5 with the laser welding head 73;

[0071] Step 2, Heating treatment: When the fitting 5 is placed on the heat-conducting square rod 62, the heater 61 is started to heat the fitting 5.

[0072] Step 3, Welding: The second driving component 71 drives the laser welding head 73 to move toward the weld seam. The turntable 75 contacts the outer periphery of the pipe 5. The driving mechanism 4 drives the pipe 5 to rotate. The laser welding head 73 welds the weld seam. The magnetic rod 74 acts on the weld seam. As the pipe 5 rotates, the magnetic ball 77 rotates to the notch 791. Under the action of the magnetic rod 74, it impacts the pipe 5.

[0073] Working principle:

[0074] The pipe fitting 5 is placed on the heat-conducting square rod 62 and heated. The position adjustment mechanism 2 starts to work. The first driving component 22 on the mounting bracket 21 changes the support position of the circular support plate 23 in the vertical direction through the rotating ring 24, thereby adjusting the position of the pipe fitting 5 so that the weld seam of the pipe fitting 5 is aligned with the laser welding head 73. Then the position of the pipe fitting 5 is limited to prepare for welding.

[0075] After the pipe fitting 5 is installed and its position is adjusted, the drive mechanism 4 is started. The drive motor 44 drives the drive gear 45 to rotate. The drive gear 45 meshes with the internal gear ring 43 installed at the bottom of the rotating disk 42, causing the rotating disk 42 to rotate. When the rotating disk 42 rotates, it drives the circular support plate 23 placed on top of it and the pipe fitting 5 to rotate.

[0076] When the self-adaptive welding mechanism 7 is working, the second driving member 71 installed on the mounting plate 3 pushes the elastic member. The connecting plate 712 in the elastic member is fitted onto the driving end of the second driving member 71 and is connected to the follower plate 713 through the spring 711. The laser welding head 73 on the follower plate 713 approaches the weld seam of the pipe 5. At this time, the turntable 75 is pressed against the outer periphery of the pipe 5.

[0077] During the rotation of the pipe fitting 5, which is rectangular, the spring 711 adaptively adjusts the position of the follower plate 713 to ensure that the laser welding head 73 always maintains a suitable distance and angle with the weld of the pipe fitting 5, thus achieving stable welding. At the same time, the magnetic rod 74 in the sleeve 78 rotatably connected to the right-angle rod 72 extends into the middle of the turntable 75 and is rotatably connected to the turntable 75 through the mounting ring 79. The magnetic ball 77 in the channel 751 on the circumference of the turntable 75 is connected to the connecting block 710 through the elastic rope 76 and rotates with the turntable 75. When the magnetic ball 77 rotates to the notch 791 of the mounting ring 79, it is subjected to the magnetic force of the magnetic rod 74 and impacts the pipe fitting 5 to eliminate thermal stress. The magnetic rod 74 continuously applies magnetism to the weld, improves the crystal structure of the metal at the weld, and improves the welding quality.

[0078] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the embodiments are not limited to the specific implementation methods described above. The specific implementation methods described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the embodiments described above, all of which are within the protection scope of the embodiments described above.

Claims

1. A laser welding apparatus, characterized in that, It includes a base plate (1) and a position adjustment mechanism (2), wherein the base plate (1) is provided with a mounting plate (3) and a drive mechanism (4); The drive mechanism (4) is coupled with a heating mechanism (6) for heat treatment of the pipe fitting (5). The mounting plate (3) is provided with a self-adaptive welding mechanism (7); During the welding process, the heating mechanism (6) preheats the pipe fitting (5), the position adjustment mechanism (2) adjusts the weld position of the pipe fitting (5) to align it with the working end of the self-adaptive welding mechanism (7), and with the drive of the drive mechanism (4), the self-adaptive welding mechanism (7) performs self-adaptive welding according to the changes in the outer periphery of the pipe fitting (5), applies magnetism to the weld, and applies a knock when the pipe fitting (5) rotates to eliminate the thermal stress of the pipe fitting (5); The self-adaptive welding mechanism (7) includes a magnetic ball (77), which is wrapped with an elastic sleeve. The self-adaptive welding mechanism (7) includes a second driving member (71), a right-angle rod (72), a laser welding head (73), a magnetic rod (74), a turntable (75), and an elastic rope (76). The second driving member (71) is mounted on the mounting plate (3). The driving end of the second driving member (71) is connected to the right-angle rod (72) through an elastic element. The laser welding head (73) is mounted on the elastic element. A sleeve (78) is rotatably fitted inside the right-angle rod (72). The magnetic rod (74) is fixedly fitted inside the sleeve (76). Inside 8), one end of the magnetic rod (74) extends into the middle of the turntable (75) and is fixedly fitted with an installation ring (79). The installation ring (79) is rotatably connected to the turntable (75). The installation ring (79) forms a notch (791) on the side facing the pipe (5). The turntable (75) has channels (751) evenly distributed on its circumference. A connecting block (710) is installed inside the channel (751). The connecting block (710) is connected to the magnetic ball (77) through an elastic rope (76). The elastic element includes a spring (711), a connecting plate (712), and a follower plate (713). The connecting plate (712) is fitted at the driving end of the second driving element (71) and connected to the follower plate (713) through the spring (711). The laser welding head (73) is fixedly fitted on the follower plate (713).

2. The laser welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The position adjustment mechanism (2) includes a mounting frame (21), a first driving member (22), a circular support plate (23) and a rotating ring (24). The circular support plate (23) supports the pipe (5). The first driving member (22) is mounted on the mounting frame (21). The driving end of the first driving member (22) is rotatably connected to the circular support plate (23) through the rotating ring (24).

3. The laser welding apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drive mechanism (4) includes a base (41), a rotating disk (42), an internal gear ring (43), a drive motor (44), and a drive gear (45). The base (41) is mounted on the base plate (1) and fixedly connected to the mounting bracket (21). The rotating disk (42) is rotatably sleeved on the middle part of the base (41). The circular support plate (23) is placed on the top of the rotating disk (42). The internal gear ring (43) is installed on the bottom of the rotating disk (42). The drive motor (44) is installed on the base plate (1) and is connected to the internal gear ring (43) through the drive gear (45).

4. The laser welding apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heating mechanism (6) includes a heating element (61) and a heat-conducting square rod (62). The heating element (61) is fixedly mounted on the middle of the rotating disk (42) and fixedly connected to the heat-conducting square rod (62). The circular support plate (23) has an opening (231) through which the heat-conducting square rod (62) passes.

5. The laser welding apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: A guide rod (714) is installed on the connecting plate (712), and one end of the guide rod (714) slides through the follower plate (713).

6. The laser welding apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: The magnetic ball (77) is wrapped with an elastic sleeve.

7. The laser welding apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that: A support rod (715) is installed on the right-angle rod (72), and a ball bearing that is rotatably connected to the bottom plate (1) is rotatably sleeved at the bottom end of the support rod (715).

8. A laser welding method, employing a laser welding apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Adjusting the weld position: Place the fitting (5) onto the heat-conducting square rod (62) and align the weld seam of the fitting (5) with the laser welding head (73); Step 2: Heat treatment: When the fitting (5) is fitted onto the heat-conducting square rod (62), the heating element (61) is activated to heat the fitting (5); Step 3: Welding process: The second driving component (71) drives the laser welding head (73) to move toward the weld seam. The turntable (75) contacts the outer periphery of the pipe (5). The driving mechanism (4) drives the pipe (5) to rotate. The laser welding head (73) welds the weld seam. The magnetic rod (74) acts on the weld seam. With the rotation of the pipe (5), the magnetic ball (77) rotates to the notch (791). Under the action of the magnetic rod (74), it impacts the pipe (5).

Images