Water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform and application thereof in water conservancy project

Abstract

The invention discloses a water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform and an application thereof in a water conservancy project. The problems of construction and safety are solved. The device comprises a fixed pile, a buoyancy tank, a mounting bracket, a photovoltaic panel, a main steel cable restraint system and a sun-chasing driving system, the mounting bracket is mounted on the buoyancy tank, and the buoyancy tank bears the gravity of the mounting bracket and the photovoltaic panel; the fixing piles are arranged in a line in a water body of a water conservancy project, and the multiple fixing piles are connected into a whole through the main steel cable restraint system. The installation support is provided with a cantilever extending backwards, a telescopic vertical rod or a parallelogram structure is installed on the cantilever in a sliding mode, and the top of the telescopic vertical rod or the top of the parallelogram structure is connected with a sun-chasing driving system. The installation platform has the advantages of a fixed pile type power generation platform and a floating type power generation platform, the safety of power generation facilities under the condition that the water surface changes is guaranteed, particularly the safety of the facilities under extreme weather such as rainstorm is guaranteed, and the problem that an existing water surface photovoltaic power generation platform is low in power generation efficiency is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of equipment platforms for photovoltaic power generation in the water surface area of water conservancy projects. Background Art

[0002] A water surface photovoltaic power generation project refers to a project of building photovoltaic power generation panels in lakes, rivers or wetlands for photovoltaic power generation. Compared with land photovoltaic power generation projects, the water surface photovoltaic power generation project is more difficult, not only reflected in the construction difficulty, but also in the wind resistance and flood resistance capabilities, which is caused by the special construction environment.

[0003] Water surface photovoltaic power generation projects can be divided into fixed pile type and floating type according to different fixing methods. Among them, the fixed pile type means that piles are driven in lakes and rivers to form an installation support, and the solar photovoltaic power generation panels are directly or indirectly installed on the top of the fixed pile, and the solar photovoltaic power generation panels are located above the water surface. The floating type means that floating bodies in a floating state, such as various boxes, are placed on the water surface of lakes and rivers, and appropriate configurations are set to make the boxes in a roughly balanced state, and the solar photovoltaic power generation panels are directly or indirectly fixed on the boxes.

[0004] For example, CN118100757A discloses a fixed pile type, where the fixed pile is a pile foundation with a specific height, which is installed in water bodies such as shoals and needs to be several meters, such as 3 meters, higher than the highest water surface in the rainy season, forming a pier column structure with load-bearing capacity. This pier column structure has a top-heavy and bottom-light structure, and there is a risk of overturning of the power generation facilities in extreme weather conditions such as typhoons and storms.

[0005] For example, CN202311737344.6 discloses a floating photovoltaic platform, including a plurality of support bases, and a bearing frame is installed at the upper end of each of the plurality of support bases, and a photovoltaic panel is installed at the upper end of the bearing frame. This structure is a floating structure and is easy to drift with the waves. The horizontal movement of the power generation facilities poses a risk of damage to the facilities.

[0006] For example, a fixed anchor system for a floating photovoltaic platform is disclosed in CN202311404386.8, which includes a floating platform. The floating platform is formed by connecting two floating barrels parallel to each other in the horizontal direction and a connecting plate connecting the two floating barrels. Retracting and releasing structures are provided at the front and rear ends of the floating barrels. An anchor rope is provided on the retracting and releasing mechanism, and the adjusting anchor block below the floating barrel is connected through the anchor rope. A support plate is fixedly connected along the length direction on the outer side wall of the floating barrel. The length of the support plate is the same as that of the floating barrel. Retracting and releasing structures are provided at the front and rear ends of the support plate. The retracting and releasing mechanism includes a motor and an anchor rope frame. An anchor rope is provided on the anchor rope frame, and the anchor rope passes through the strip-shaped hole and is connected to the adjusting anchor block. A mechanical transmission system is formed by using the anchor block, anchor claw, hanging ear and anchor rope to realize the underwater anchoring of the floating photovoltaic power station for realizing the basic fixation of the platform. The underwater anchoring construction of this structure is difficult and requires diving construction and fixation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To solve the problems existing in the above technical background, the present invention proposes a self-balancing floating photovoltaic power generation platform and details its application scenarios in rivers, lakes and other water areas. This installation platform combines the advantages of fixed pile type and floating type power generation platforms, ensuring the safety of power generation facilities under changing water levels, especially the safety of facilities in extreme weather such as storms, and solving the problem of low power generation efficiency in existing floating photovoltaic power generation platforms.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows: Water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform, comprising fixed piles, buoyancy boxes, mounting brackets, photovoltaic panels, main steel cable restraint systems and daily driving systems, characterized in that: the fixed piles are steel piles or concrete piles driven and fixed at the bottom of rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and the fixed piles are composed of upper, middle and lower sections. Among them, the lower section is the driving and fixing section, which is located at the bottom of the reservoir of the water conservancy project, and the middle section is located in the water and at least completely covers the maximum water level line; an installation bracket is installed on the buoyancy box, and the photovoltaic panel is fixed on the installation bracket in an inclined posture, and the photovoltaic panel has a window through which the upper section of the fixed pile passes. An installation hole is provided on the buoyancy box, and a bearing assembly is installed in the installation hole and is movably connected to the fixed pile through the bearing assembly. At least a wear-resistant layer is provided on the surface of the middle section of the fixed pile, and the setting of the wear-resistant layer meets the requirement of the up and down floating space of the buoyancy box between the maximum water level line and the minimum water level line. The buoyancy box bears the gravity of the installation bracket and the photovoltaic panel; the fixed piles are arranged in a row in the water body of the water conservancy project. The main steel cable restraint system includes steel cables and anchoring bases at both ends. Among them, the anchoring bases are located on the shore of the water conservancy project, and the two ends of the steel cables are anchored in the anchoring bases and are in a taut state after being tensioned. The steel cables are fixedly connected to the tops of the fixed piles, and the main steel cable restraint system connects multiple fixed piles into a whole; the installation bracket has a cantilever extending backward, and a telescopic vertical rod or a parallelogram structure is slidably installed on the cantilever. The top of the telescopic vertical rod or the parallelogram structure is connected to the daily driving system. A sun-tracking sensor is provided on the photovoltaic panel, and the sun-tracking sensor receives the azimuth information of the sunlight and transmits the azimuth information to the control system. The control system controls the action of the daily driving system to realize the daily light tracking of the photovoltaic panel; after sunset, the daily driving system returns and returns to the position where the sun rises; the inverter and the electric control box of the photovoltaic panel are installed on the back of the photovoltaic panel and are electrically connected to the electric control cabinet on the shore of the water conservancy project through cables.

[0009] The buoyancy box is a hollow plastic box with sufficient strength and thickness, and a micro water pump and an electromagnetic water inlet valve are integrated on the buoyancy box. Among them, the electromagnetic water inlet valve is arranged on the bottom plate of the buoyancy box. When the electromagnetic water inlet valve is opened, water enters the buoyancy box, and the buoyancy box is semi-submerged or completely submerged. After submerging to a predetermined height, the control system closes the electromagnetic water inlet valve to realize partial or complete submergence of the buoyancy box; when the buoyancy box needs to float, the control system turns on the micro water pump, and the water in the buoyancy box is pumped out and discharged through the micro water pump.

[0010] An anti-aging plastic sticker layer or a carbon fiber sticker layer is provided on the surface of the buoyancy box.

[0011] The bearing assembly is a ceramic bearing or a nylon bearing, and the bearing assembly is in sliding fit with the wear-resistant layer.

[0012] The installation hole of the bearing assembly is located at the geometric center of the buoyancy box, the installation bracket and the photovoltaic power generation panel.

[0013] The mounting bracket includes a horizontal frame, an inclined frame and a vertical rod. Among them, the horizontal frame is fixed to the buoyancy tank, and the inclined frame fixes the photovoltaic panel.

[0014] The mounting bracket includes a horizontal frame, an inclined frame and a manual jack. Among them, the front ends of the horizontal frame and the inclined frame are movably connected, and the rear ends are adjustably connected through the manual jack to control the inclination angle of the inclined frame.

[0015] The daily driving system includes mounting columns, motors, sprockets, chains and steel cables. Among them, the chain and the steel cable form a closed annular structure through two sprockets. Four sprockets are installed on the mounting columns. Two mounting columns are located on the slope protection or shoal of the water conservancy project. At least one sprocket is driven by the motor; a limit switch is arranged between the chain and the foundation, and the limit switch is used to control the forward and reverse rotation of the motor. The steel cable is firmly connected to the mounting bracket, and the motor drives the mounting bracket and the fixed photovoltaic panel to follow the sun through the chain and the steel cable.

[0016] The main steel cable restraint system is a two-dimensional vertically and horizontally intertwined main steel cable, and the four ends of the main steel cable are fixedly connected to different end anchor piles or end anchor seats. The end anchor piles or end anchor seats are concrete castings and are located on the slope protection or shoal of the water conservancy project.

[0017] Application of the water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform in water conservancy projects. The water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform is applicable to rivers, ditches, lakes and shallow shoals.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: This technology realizes the dynamic balance of the photovoltaic panel and the mounting bracket through buoyancy, reduces the installation difficulty of the fixed piles, and reduces the engineering construction difficulty.

[0019] This technology simplifies the construction of the anchor points by fixing the two ends of the steel cable to the anchor points on the shore. The horizontal restraint at the top of the fixed pile is transmitted to the fixed anchor points on the shore through the steel cable. The construction of the fixed anchor points on the shore is simple, reducing the engineering construction cost.

[0020] This technology restricts the horizontal position of the photovoltaic panel through the fixed pile, so that the positions of the buoyancy tank and the photovoltaic panel are accurately restricted, improving its installation accuracy and avoiding the drifting of the photovoltaic panel with the waves. Even in strong winds, the photovoltaic panel only has a slight float in the height direction and will not have horizontal displacement, greatly improving the safety performance of the power generation facilities.

[0021] This technology realizes the modular and grid design of multiple photovoltaic panels, can meet the large-scale laying requirements, and can all adapt autonomously according to the change of the water surface height.

[0022] This technology is especially applicable to inland water conservancy scenarios without tidal phenomena such as shoals, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 It is the azimuth state of the self - balancing floating photovoltaic power generation platform at noon.

[0024] Figure 2 It is the azimuth state of the self - balancing floating photovoltaic power generation platform in the afternoon.

[0025] Figure 3 It is the azimuth state of the self - balancing floating photovoltaic power generation platform in the morning.

[0026] Figure 4 It is the vertical sectional view of a single power generation part.

[0027] Figure 5 It is the three - dimensional view of the cooperation between the fixed pile and the buoyancy box.

[0028] Figure 6 It is Figure 5 The sectional view of.

[0029] Figure 7 It is the three - dimensional view of the fixed pile, buoyancy box and installation bracket.

[0030] Figure 8 It is the three - dimensional view of the fixed pile, buoyancy box, installation bracket and photovoltaic panel.

[0031] Figure 9 It is Figure 8 The side view of.

[0032] Figure 10 It is the vertical plane schematic diagram of the daily driving system.

[0033] Figure 11 It is the horizontal plane schematic diagram of the daily driving system.

[0034] Figure 12 It is the three - dimensional view of the fixed pile, buoyancy box and installation bracket in Embodiment 2.

[0035] Figure 13 It is the three - dimensional view of Embodiment 3.

[0036] Figure 14 It is the structure diagram of Embodiment 5.

[0037] In the figure: 100 Fixed pile, 101 Cable fixing point, 102 Wear - resistant layer, 103 Limit projection, 200 Buoyancy box, 201 Ceramic bearing, 202 Bolt hole or steel hoop installation hole, 300 Installation bracket, 301 horizontal frame, 302 inclined frame, 303 vertical rod, 304 cantilever, 305 telescopic vertical rod, 306 counterweight, 307 articulated rod, 308 manual jack, 309 parallelogram structure 400 Photovoltaic panel, 401 inverter 500 Main cable restraint system, 510 cable, 520 anchoring foundation 600 Daily tracking drive system, 601 chain, 602 cable, 603 sprocket, 604 motor, 605 connection point between cable and installation bracket Specific implementation method

[0038] Self-balancing water surface photovoltaic power generation platform. This platform adopts the design concept of combining rigidity with flexibility to create a power generation platform facility that combines rigid fixation and flexible connection, meeting the installation and assembly of photovoltaic power generation facilities in shallow waters such as rivers, lakes, etc.

[0039] Embodiment 1 A single-axis daily tracking platform, referring to Figures 1 to 11 , this platform is composed of a fixed pile 100, a buoyancy tank 200, an installation bracket 300, a photovoltaic panel 400, a main cable restraint system 500, and a daily tracking drive system 600. Among them, the buoyancy tank floats on the water surface and is rotatably connected to the above-mentioned fixed pile 100. The installation bracket 300 is fixed on the buoyancy tank, and under the drive of the daily tracking drive system 600, the installation bracket has a daily tracking function design during the day, and this daily tracking function design can improve the power generation efficiency.

[0040] The above-mentioned buoyancy tank, installation bracket, photovoltaic panel, and fixed pile correspond one by one to form a unit module, and form a whole under the control of the main cable restraint system 500 and the daily tracking drive system 600, which can not only achieve modular installation and maintenance, but also has the strength of integrity, realizing the unity of the whole and the part.

[0041] Among them, the fixed pile 100 is made of a steel pile or a similar concrete pile, and is firmly fixed at the bottom of the reservoir by driving the pile. The fixed pile is vertically arranged, and the top is at least 1.5 meters higher than the maximum water level surface. Further, in this embodiment, the fixed pile 100 is designed in three sections, upper, middle and lower, according to its different positions in the reservoir. Among them, the lower section is the pile driving and fixing section, which is located in the gravel layer at the bottom of the reservoir. The pile driving section is preferably a screw pile, which can complete the construction quickly. The middle section is located in the water layer and at least completely covers the maximum water level line. The upper section is above the highest water level line, and the height exposed above the highest water level line is not less than 1.5 meters. A steel cable fixing point 101 is arranged at the top of the fixed pile, and the steel cable fixing point is used to connect the above-mentioned main steel cable restraint system 500. Through the main steel cable restraint system 500, a plurality of fixed piles arranged in a straight line are connected to form a chain. The main steel cable restraint system 500 connects a plurality of fixed piles in series into a whole, improving the overall wind pressure resistance strength.

[0042] Further, the above-mentioned main steel cable restraint system 500 is of a one-way design.

[0043] The main steel cable restraint system 500 includes a steel cable 510 and anchoring bases 520 at both ends. Among them, the above-mentioned anchoring bases are preferably installed on the shore of a pond or a reservoir, that is, onshore construction, to form large-tonnage anchoring bases, such as reinforced concrete anchoring bases. The two ends of the above-mentioned steel cable are anchored in the anchoring bases, and after being tensioned, a steel cable in a taut state is formed. The steel cable is adjacent to the above-mentioned steel cable fixing point 101, and clamping parts such as hoop are used to fixedly connect the steel cable and the steel cable fixing point to form an integral structure. After being restrained by the steel cable restraint system, the bottom and top of the fixed pile are fixed, significantly improving the fixing reliability of the fixed pile, which has a positive significance for ensuring the project quality.

[0044] As described above, the fixed pile 100 is a concrete pile, and pile driving construction is carried out after prefabrication. The middle and upper sections of the fixed pile 100 are movably matched with the buoyancy box, and a wear-resistant layer 102 is provided on the surface of the fixed pile in this matching. Specifically, the buoyancy box is preferably an injection-molded plastic box with sufficient strength and thickness, and has sufficient buoyancy to meet the installation needs of the installation bracket and the photovoltaic panel.

[0045] Further, the above-mentioned buoyancy box 200 can also be a polyurethane foam buoyancy box. When it is made of polyurethane foam material, an anti-aging plastic laminate or a carbon fiber laminate is attached to the outside to meet the long-term maintenance-free design.

[0046] A circular installation hole is provided at the central position of the above-mentioned buoyancy box 200, and a bearing assembly, such as a ceramic bearing 201, is installed in the installation hole.

[0047] Furthermore, the presence of the above-mentioned ceramic bearing 201 enables the buoyancy box to have the ability to float relative to the fixed pile at least in the vertical direction, and this ceramic bearing has anti-corrosion characteristics, meeting the requirements for long-term operation in a humid environment.

[0048] The bearing assembly uses a water-resistant ceramic bearing 201 or an engineering plastic bearing - a nylon bearing. The outer ring of the bearing is fixed in the mounting hole of the buoyancy box 200, and the inner ring of the bearing is fixed at the top position of the fixed pile. Moreover, the inner ring can also form a wear-resistant layer by coating the surface of the fixed pile with ceramic or nylon, that is, the bearing inner ring. The displacement of the buoyancy box in the height direction is realized through the sliding fit of the ceramic bearing and the wear-resistant layer.

[0049] Furthermore, the wear-resistant layer 102 of the fixed pile 100 covers the transition area between the middle section and the upper section, that is, the setting of this wear-resistant layer meets the requirement for the up-and-down floating space of the buoyancy box between the maximum water level line and the minimum water level line.

[0050] The above-mentioned buoyancy box 200 has an up-and-down floating space relative to the fixed pile to meet the situation of real-time water level changes in reservoirs and the like. The buoyancy box bears the gravity of the mounting bracket and the photovoltaic panel in the vertical direction and is balanced and restricted by buoyancy. That is to say, this device uses the buoyancy of the buoyancy box to lift the upper mounting bracket 300 and photovoltaic panel 400, so that the fixed pile no longer bears the self-weight of the photovoltaic panel, and the gravity of the buoyancy box and its photovoltaic panel acts on the water surface. Compared with the traditional fixed pile, this structure reduces the pile foundation installation requirements of the fixed pile. The main function of the fixed pile in this technical route is to provide a guiding role for the up-and-down floating of the buoyancy box and provide a constraint point for the rotation of the buoyancy box.

[0051] The height of the above-mentioned fixed pile exposed above the water surface is much greater than the maximum water level line of lakes and rivers. That is, in the case of the maximum water level, the floating beam box will not break away from the fixed pile.

[0052] A limit protrusion 103 is provided on the above-mentioned fixed pile, and this limit protrusion 103 limits the maximum upward floating stroke position of the buoyancy box to prevent it from falling off.

[0053] Furthermore, the above-mentioned main cable restraint system 500 is a main cable that is vertically and horizontally intertwined, and both ends of this main cable are fixedly connected to end anchor piles or end anchor seats. The above-mentioned end anchor piles or end anchor seats are concrete castings, which are fixed on the land or shoal outside the water surface of rivers and lakes. Compared with underwater concrete engineering construction, the engineering construction convenience is improved, the cost is reduced, and sufficient anchoring force can be provided.

[0054] The above-mentioned main cable can be a one-way one-dimensional structure or a vertically and horizontally intertwined two-dimensional structure, and is reasonably configured according to the site conditions. When it is a two-dimensional structure, the fixed pile should have a sufficient height to avoid the main cable.

[0055] The fixed piles in rivers and lakes are connected into a whole through the above-mentioned main steel cables to resist bad weather such as typhoons.

[0056] Furthermore, the buoyancy box 200 is preferably a cuboid with a flat structure, and the bearing mounting holes are located at the geometric center of the buoyancy box to ensure the best floating performance.

[0057] Furthermore, the buoyancy box 200 can also be a circular flat body, and the bearing mounting holes are located at the geometric center of the buoyancy box to ensure the best floating performance.

[0058] The above two profiles are for the display of the buoyancy box 200 and do not limit the scope of implementation. In theory, any shape of buoyancy box that can provide sufficient buoyancy and is easy to manufacture is within the protection scope of this technology.

[0059] Furthermore, the above buoyancy box can be a hollow structure or a solid structure filled with foaming materials, as long as the buoyancy can meet the installation of the photovoltaic panel, it is within the protection scope of this technology.

[0060] Preferably, the bearing mounting holes are approximately located at the geometric center of the buoyancy box, but this is not restrictive, because the weight of the photovoltaic panel and others also needs to be considered in the design.

[0061] Furthermore, bolt holes or steel hoop mounting holes 202 are provided on the buoyancy box 200, and are fixedly connected to the mounting bracket by bolts or binding. The bolt holes or steel hoop mounting holes 202 are inherent structures on the buoyancy box, that is, they have been configured during the molding process of the buoyancy box, and their function is to provide mounting points for the mounting bracket 300.

[0062] The mounting bracket 300 is a water-resistant stainless steel bracket, an aluminum alloy bracket or a steel bracket with anti-corrosion treatment. Preferably, it is a lightweight and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy frame. The mounting bracket is installed on the floating beam box by means of steel hoops and fixed with fasteners to form an integral body.

[0063] Furthermore, refer to Figures 8 to 9Viewed from the vertical plane, the installation bracket 300 is an overall right-angled triangular frame structure with a light self-weight. Viewed from the three-dimensional space, the installation bracket 300 includes a horizontal frame 301, an inclined frame 302, and a vertical rod 303 connecting the above-mentioned horizontal frame and inclined frame. Among them, the horizontal frame is attached to and fixed to the buoyancy tank. The inclined frame is the installation frame of the photovoltaic panel. The above-mentioned photovoltaic panel is fixed to the inclined frame through fasteners, and there is a window on the photovoltaic panel. The setting of the window enables the fixing pile to have a passing channel, avoiding movement interference between the two and completing the fixation. The installation bracket is a transition installation part for the photovoltaic panel. Through this installation bracket, the solar photovoltaic panel is in an inclined state. In this inclined state, the position of the photovoltaic panel 400 is in a better position, and the photovoltaic panel always remains non-interfering and non-colliding with the fixing pile during the movement process.

[0064] The above-mentioned installation bracket 300 is welded or bolt-fixed with a cantilever 304 extending backward. A telescopic vertical rod 305 is slidably installed on the cantilever. The telescopic vertical rod has an adaptive ability in the height direction to meet the adjustment needs in the height direction. For example, when the buoyancy tank rises or falls by a certain height, the telescopic vertical rod extends or contracts adaptively in the height direction. The telescopic vertical rod is connected to the daily tracking drive system. That is, the installation bracket is driven by the daily tracking drive system to rotate around the fixing pile, and the rise or fall of the buoyancy tank will not cause interference and constraint to the operation of the daily tracking drive system.

[0065] Further, the above-mentioned cantilever 304 can be a single rod or a frame structure composed of multiple rods. The cantilever of the frame structure has higher strength.

[0066] The above-mentioned telescopic vertical rod 305 can be a telescopic rod composed of conventional telescopic joints or a parallelogram structure 309 composed of multiple connecting rods. Refer to Figure 12 , the characteristic of this structure is that it only has an adaptive and self-adjusting effect in the height direction to meet the requirements of the up and down floating of the buoyancy tank.

[0067] The daily tracking drive system 600 is arranged in parallel with the main cable restraint system 500. The daily tracking drive system includes an end-to-end closed annular closed structure formed by the intermittent connection of a chain 601 and a steel cable 602. The two ends are the chain 601 and the sprocket 603. There are four sprockets in total, which are driven by a motor 604. The above-mentioned motor 604 and sprockets 603 are fixedly installed on the foundations on both sides of the shore. Refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10 , the above-mentioned steel cable is fixedly connected to the installation bracket, and the connection point between the two is marked as 605. Driven by the above-mentioned motor, the installation bracket and the fixed buoyancy tank are driven to rotate a certain angle relative to the fixing pile. That is, the angle is adjusted according to the azimuth of the sun during the day to complete the single-stage tracking function.

[0068] Furthermore, the above-mentioned motor 604 has forward and reverse rotation actions, and a limit switch is provided between the chain and the foundation, and the limit switch is used to control the forward and reverse rotation of the motor.

[0069] A sun-tracking sensor is provided on the photovoltaic panel, and the sun-tracking sensor is used to receive the azimuth of sunlight and transmit the position information of the azimuth to the control system, and the control system controls the above-mentioned motor to rotate forward to achieve the best power generation. After sunset, the motor rotates in reverse and returns to the sun-rising position.

[0070] Furthermore, accessories such as the inverter 401 and the electric control box are installed on the back of the photovoltaic panel 400.

[0071] Furthermore, a counterweight 306 is installed on the above-mentioned mounting bracket 300, and counterweight is carried out according to the situation. After counterweight, the center of gravity of the buoyancy tank, the photovoltaic panel and the mounting bracket is made to be as close as possible to the fixed pile to ensure the balance of buoyancy and gravity.

[0072] Furthermore, the main cable in the main cable restraint system 500 in this embodiment can also provide an attachment installation point for the cable of photovoltaic power generation, that is, the cable is led along the main cable to the shore or the lakeshore, which is beneficial to the installation of power facilities.

[0073] Embodiment 2 Reference Figure 12 , this embodiment is an improvement measure based on Embodiment 1, and this improvement is aimed at the mounting bracket. Specifically, the vertical rod between the horizontal frame and the inclined frame is replaced with a jack structure whose inclination angle can be manually adjusted. The front ends of the horizontal frame and the inclined frame are movably connected by a short articulated rod 307, that is, the front ends of the horizontal frame and the inclined frame are directly or indirectly hinged, and the rear ends are adjustably connected by a manual jack 308. The manual jack is composed of a parallelogram link mechanism and a bidirectional screw. By turning the bidirectional screw by hand, the shape of the parallelogram link mechanism can be controlled, and then the inclination angle of the inclined frame can be controlled.

[0074] Theoretically, it can be adjusted once a quarter every year, that is, it is not completely fitted with the sun's running track. Even so, the power generation efficiency can still be improved.

[0075] Replace the driving mode of the above-mentioned bidirectional screw with a stepping motor and link it with the sun-tracking sensor in the above-mentioned embodiment. Theoretically, the purpose of double-axis tracking can be achieved.

[0076] Embodiment 3 A fixed-type photovoltaic power generation platform. Reference Figure 13, the platform is composed of a fixed pile 100, a buoyancy tank 200, an installation bracket 300, a photovoltaic panel 400, and a main cable restraint system 500. The daily driving system is no longer provided. The buoyancy tank floats on the water surface, and multiple installation holes are provided on each buoyancy tank and photovoltaic panel, such as two or three. That is, each buoyancy tank and photovoltaic panel corresponds to two or three fixed piles, so that the floating beam only has a floating space in the height direction and does not move daily. This solution is also within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0077] Embodiment 4 Based on Embodiment 1, a wind resistance design is added. Specifically, the structure of the buoyancy tank 200 is improved. A micro water pump and an electromagnetic water inlet valve are integrated on the above-mentioned buoyancy tank. The electromagnetic water inlet valve is arranged on the bottom plate of the buoyancy tank. When the electromagnetic water inlet valve is opened, water enters the buoyancy tank, and the buoyancy tank is semi-submerged or fully submerged. After submerging to a predetermined height, the control system closes the electromagnetic water inlet valve. After the buoyancy tank is partially or fully submerged, the stability of the photovoltaic panel can be increased. This situation is applicable to windy and wavy weather. After the wind and waves pass, the control system turns on the micro water pump, and the water in the buoyancy tank is pumped out and discharged through the micro water pump, realizing the control of the submergence depth of the buoyancy tank, which has a positive significance for the stability of the entire system.

[0078] Embodiment 5 Reference Figure 14 , in this embodiment, the installation method of the fixed pile is improved. Because it is difficult to carry out pile driving construction in some particularly deep reservoirs, especially when driving concrete piles, in this embodiment, the fixed pile 100 is changed from a three-section design to an upper and lower two-section design. Among them, the lower section is located in the water body and at least completely covers the maximum water level line and is in a suspended state. The upper section is fixed to the main cable restraint system 500 and the fixed pile is in a suspended state under the action of the main cable. With this structural design, the buoyancy tank has a movable space at the lower section of the fixed pile.

[0079] Furthermore, a limit protrusion 103 is provided at the lower end of the fixed pile. The limit protrusion 103 limits the lowest stroke position of the buoyancy tank to prevent it from falling off.

[0080] Furthermore, the main cable restraint system (500) is a two-dimensional vertically and horizontally interwoven main cable, and the four ends of the main cable are fixedly connected to different end anchor piles or end anchor seats. The end anchor piles or end anchor seats are concrete castings and are located on the slope protection or shoal of the water conservancy project.

[0081] The above-described embodiments are merely descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the relevant art to the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform on a water surface, comprising a fixed pile (100), a buoyancy box (200), a mounting bracket (300), a photovoltaic panel (400), a main steel cable restraint system (500) and a sun-chasing drive system (600), characterized in that: The fixed pile (100) is a steel pile or a concrete pile that is fixed to the bottom of a river or lake by driving, and the fixed pile (100) is composed of three sections: an upper, middle and lower section, wherein the lower section is a fixed section for driving, and the lower section is located at the bottom of the reservoir of the water conservancy project, and the middle section is located in the water and at least completely covers the maximum water level. A mounting bracket is installed on the buoyancy box, and the photovoltaic panel is fixed on the mounting bracket in an inclined posture, and the photovoltaic panel has a window for allowing the upper section of the fixed pile to pass through. The buoyancy box (200) is provided with a mounting hole, and a bearing assembly is installed in the mounting hole and is movably connected to the fixed pile (100) through the bearing assembly. A wear-resistant layer (102) is provided on the surface of at least the middle section of the fixed pile (100), and the setting of the wear-resistant layer meets the requirements of the upper and lower floating space of the buoyancy box between the maximum water level and the minimum water level, and the buoyancy box bears the weight of the mounting bracket and the photovoltaic panel. The fixed piles (100) are arranged in a row in the water body of the water conservancy project, and the main steel cable restraint system (500) comprises a steel cable and anchor foundations at both ends, wherein the anchor foundation is located on the bank of the water conservancy project, and both ends of the steel cable are anchored in the anchor foundation to form a taut state after being tensioned, and the steel cable is fixedly connected to the top of the fixed piles, and the main steel cable restraint system (500) connects a plurality of fixed piles into a whole; The mounting bracket (300) has a cantilever extending backwards, a telescopic vertical rod or a parallelogram structure is slidably mounted on the cantilever, the top of the telescopic vertical rod or the parallelogram structure is connected to a sun-chasing drive system, a sun-chasing sensor is arranged on the photovoltaic panel, the sun-chasing sensor receives the azimuth information of sunlight and transmits the azimuth information to a control system, and the control system controls the sun-chasing drive system (600) to operate so as to realize the sun-chasing of the photovoltaic panel during the day; when the sunset time arrives, the sun-chasing drive system (600) returns and returns to the sun-rising position; The inverter and electric control box of the photovoltaic panel are installed on the back of the photovoltaic panel (400) and are electrically connected to the electric control cabinet on the shore of the water conservancy project through cables.

2. The water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buoyancy box (200) is a hollow plastic box with sufficient strength and thickness, and a micro water pump and an electromagnetic water inlet valve are integrated on the buoyancy box (200), wherein the electromagnetic water inlet valve is arranged on the bottom plate of the buoyancy box, and when the electromagnetic water inlet valve is opened, water enters the buoyancy box and the buoyancy box is semi-submerged or fully submerged. After diving to a predetermined height, the control system closes the electromagnetic water inlet valve to achieve partial or full submergence of the buoyancy box; when the buoyancy box needs to float up, the control system turns on the micro water pump to pump water out of the buoyancy box through the micro water pump.

3. The water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the buoyancy box (200) is provided with an anti-aging plastic layer or a carbon fiber layer.

4. The water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing assembly is a ceramic bearing or a nylon bearing, and the bearing assembly is in sliding fit with the wear-resistant layer.

5. The water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting hole of the bearing assembly is located at the geometric center of the buoyancy box, the mounting bracket and the photovoltaic power generation panel.

6. The water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting bracket (300) comprises a horizontal frame, an inclined frame and a vertical rod, wherein the horizontal frame is fixed to the buoyancy box, and the inclined frame fixes the photovoltaic panel.

7. The water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting bracket (300) comprises a horizontal frame, an inclined frame and a manual jack, wherein the front ends of the horizontal frame and the inclined frame are movably connected, and the rear ends are adjustably connected via the manual jack.

8. The water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sun-chasing driving system (600) comprises a mounting column, a motor, a sprocket, a chain and a steel cable, wherein the chain and the steel cable form a closed annular structure with the ends closed through two sprockets, four sprockets are mounted on the mounting column, the two mounting columns are located at the slope protection or shoal of the water conservancy project, and at least one sprocket is driven by the motor; a limit switch is arranged between the chain and the foundation, the limit switch controls the forward and reverse rotation of the motor, the steel cable is tightly connected to the mounting bracket, and the motor drives the mounting bracket and the photovoltaic panel fixed thereon to chase the sun through the chain and the steel cable.

9. The water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main steel cable restraint system (500) is a two-dimensionally crisscrossed main steel cable, and the four ends of the main steel cable are fixedly connected to different end anchor piles or end anchor seats, and the end anchor piles or end anchor seats are concrete cast bodies and are located at the slope protection or shoal of the water conservancy project.

10. The application of water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform in water conservancy projects is characterized by: The water surface self-balancing photovoltaic power generation platform described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is suitable for rivers, ditches, lakes, and shallow waters.

Images