High-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic module and use method of high-capacity microwave pyrolysis device

Abstract

The invention provides a high-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules and a using method thereof.The high-capacity microwave pyrolysis device comprises a microwave cavity, a rotating mechanism is arranged in the microwave cavity, and a tray structure is arranged at the movable end of the rotating mechanism; a feeding conveying belt is arranged on the side, close to the feeding port, of the microwave cavity, a pushing mechanism is arranged in the feeding conveying belt, a discharging conveying belt is arranged on the side, close to the discharging port, of the microwave cavity, a pulling mechanism is arranged in the discharging conveying belt, and sensing assemblies are arranged on the inner bottom wall of the microwave cavity and in the rotating mechanism. The rotating mechanism drives the plurality of battery pieces to rotate in the microwave cavity, so that the plurality of battery pieces can be processed at the same time, the processing efficiency is remarkably improved, uniform heating of each battery piece can be ensured through the rotating mechanism, multi-point temperature monitoring can be realized through the sensing assembly, uniform distribution of microwaves is ensured, local overheating and battery piece damage are avoided, and the service life of the battery pieces is prolonged. The material pushing mechanism and the material pulling mechanism can achieve the effect of automatic feeding and discharging.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic module recycling equipment, and in particular to a large-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules and its usage method. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic modules, also known as solar panels, are the most important components in a solar power generation system. A complete photovoltaic module is composed of dozens of solar cells, a junction box, and a frame. Since a single solar cell cannot be directly used as a power source, several single cells must be connected in series and parallel and tightly encapsulated into a module to be used as a power source. After long-term use, the performance of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules deteriorates, and it is necessary to recycle the internal battery chips. When the photovoltaic module is installed, EVA films are pasted on both the upper and lower surfaces. After the photovoltaic module is disassembled as a whole, the external EVA films are not easy to be directly removed, so it is necessary to remove them by pyrolysis or other methods.

[0003] Although existing microwave pyrolysis devices can effectively remove EVA films, their processing capacity is limited. Usually, they can only process a small amount of crystalline silicon cells with EVA films at a time, resulting in low recycling efficiency and long processing time, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of large-scale recycling of waste photovoltaic modules. In addition, existing devices also have deficiencies in heating uniformity and battery chip protection, which are likely to cause damage to the battery chips. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a large-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules and its usage method, which can process multiple battery chips simultaneously, significantly improve the processing efficiency, and ensure uniform heating of each battery chip through a rotating mechanism. The sensing component can realize multi-point temperature monitoring to ensure uniform distribution of microwaves, thereby avoiding local overheating and damage to the battery chips. The pusher mechanism and the pulling mechanism can realize the function of automatic loading and unloading, reduce manual intervention, improve the operation efficiency, and are more convenient for use when processing battery chips.

[0005] According to an object of the present invention, the present invention provides a large-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, including a microwave cavity, a feeding conveyor belt and a discharging conveyor belt. A rotatable rotating mechanism is arranged inside the microwave cavity, and a tray structure is arranged at the movable end of the rotating mechanism. A storage tray for placing solar panels is arranged inside the tray structure. Feeding ports and discharging ports are respectively formed on both sides of the microwave cavity. A feeding conveyor belt is arranged on one side of the microwave cavity close to the feeding port, and a pushing mechanism for pushing the storage tray is arranged inside the feeding conveyor belt. A discharging conveyor belt is arranged on one side of the microwave cavity close to the discharging port, and a pulling mechanism for pulling the storage tray outwards is arranged inside the discharging conveyor belt. Electric hinges are installed on both the inner top wall and the inner bottom wall of the microwave cavity, and microwave emitters are connected through the electric hinges. Sensing components are arranged on both the inner bottom wall of the microwave cavity and inside the rotating mechanism.

[0006] Further, electric lifting door structures are installed on both sides of the microwave cavity close to the feeding port and the discharging port. The two electric lifting door structures can respectively close the feeding port and the discharging port. An electric telescopic rod is horizontally and fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner side wall of the microwave cavity.

[0007] Further, the rotating mechanism includes a reduction motor, a hanger and an annular rotating frame. The reduction motor is fixedly installed in the middle of one side of the microwave cavity close to the discharging port, and the output end of the reduction motor penetrates inside the microwave cavity. The hanger is fixedly connected to both sides of the inner top wall of the microwave cavity, and the annular rotating frame is rotatably connected inside the hanger. One end of the annular rotating frame close to the reduction motor is connected to the output end of the reduction motor through a spline.

[0008] Further, the tray structure includes rotating suspension rods, a tray and arc-shaped baffles. The number of the rotating suspension rods is two, and the two rotating suspension rods are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the tray. The tops of the two rotating suspension rods are respectively sleeved on both sides of the end rod of the annular rotating frame and can rotate outside it. Arc-shaped baffles are fixedly connected to both sides of the inner bottom wall of the tray, and the storage tray is placed inside the tray and arranged between the arc-shaped baffles on both sides. Arc-shaped guide plates for guiding the tray are arranged on both sides of the top of the tray close to the feeding port and the discharging port. The number of the tray structures is several, and several tray structures are respectively arranged around the annular rotating frame in a circular array.

[0009] Further, the pusher mechanism includes a first electric push rod and a second electric push rod. The number of the first electric push rods is two, and the fixed rod body parts of the two first electric push rods are vertically and fixedly installed inside the feeding conveyor belt. The fixed rod body part of the second electric push rod is horizontally and fixedly installed at the top ends of the movable rod bodies of the two first electric push rods.

[0010] Further, the pulling mechanism includes a third electric push rod, a fourth electric push rod, and a fifth electric push rod. The number of the third electric push rods is two, and the fixed rod body parts of the two third electric push rods are vertically and fixedly installed inside the discharging conveyor belt. The fixed rod body part of the fourth electric push rod is fixedly installed at the top ends of the movable rod bodies of the two third electric push rods. The fixed rod body part of the fifth electric push rod is vertically and fixedly installed at the end of the movable rod body of the fourth electric push rod and is arranged on one side close to the discharging port. The movable rod body part of the fifth electric push rod is arranged downward.

[0011] Further, the sensing assembly includes a distance sensor and a temperature sensor. The distance sensor is fixedly installed in the middle of the inner bottom wall of the microwave cavity and corresponds to the tray structure at the bottommost end of the rotating mechanism. The number of the temperature sensors is the same as that of the tray structures. A plurality of the temperature sensors are respectively installed in the middle of the end rods of the annular rotating frame corresponding to the plurality of tray structures and face downward corresponding to the inside of the trays.

[0012] Further, an air pump for filling nitrogen into the microwave cavity is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the microwave cavity, and the air outlet end of the air pump penetrates into the inside of the microwave cavity. An exhaust gas discharge pipe is arranged on the upper surface of the microwave cavity, and the exhaust gas discharge pipe can be communicated with an external pipeline. A pressure relief valve for preventing the internal pressure of the microwave cavity from being too high is arranged on the upper surface of the microwave cavity.

[0013] According to another object of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for using the above-mentioned large-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, including the following steps:

[0014] S1. Place the disassembled crystalline silicon cell with EVA film flat in the storage tray, neatly place the storage tray on the feeding conveyor belt, and convey it to the feeding port through the feeding conveyor belt;

[0015] S2. Drive the tray on the annular rotating frame to rotate through the reduction motor. The tray can always maintain a horizontal state under the action of its own gravity. The distance sensor detects the tray. When it detects that the tray is at the bottommost end, the annular rotating frame stops rotating, and the position of the bottommost tray is fixed through the electric telescopic rod;

[0016] S3. The feeding conveyor belt drives the storage tray to move into the feeding port. After one end of the storage tray is inserted into the microwave cavity, the second electric push rod rises and its movable rod body extends outwards, pushing the storage tray to continue moving into the microwave cavity and completely placing it into the bottommost tray.

[0017] S4. The second electric push rod retracts to its original position, the movable rod body of the electric telescopic rod retracts, and the annular rotating frame continues to rotate, rotating the next tray to the bottom. The distance sensor detects the tray. When it detects that the tray is at the bottommost position, the annular rotating frame stops rotating, and the bottommost tray is fixed in position through the electric telescopic rod.

[0018] S5. Repeat S3 and S4 until silicon solar cells with EVA film are placed on all trays in the microwave cavity. The electric lifting door structures on both sides close the feeding port and the discharging port. The microwave emitter and the reduction motor are operated. The reduction motor drives multiple solar cells to rotate uniformly in the microwave cavity through the annular rotating frame, so that multiple solar cells can all be subjected to the same microwave heating.

[0019] S6. After the microwave pyrolysis is completed, the electric lifting door structures on both sides are opened. The movable rod body of the third electric push rod extends to drive the fourth electric push rod to rise. The movable rod body of the fourth electric push rod extends to drive the fifth electric push rod to extend into the discharging port and move above the bottommost tray. After the movable rod body of the fifth electric push rod extends, it extends into the storage tray below it. The movable rod body of the fourth electric push rod retracts, and the movable rod body of the fifth electric push rod pulls the edge of the storage tray to pull the storage tray outwards and pull it onto the discharging conveyor belt. The storage trays on multiple trays are pulled outwards in sequence, thus completing the discharging, which is convenient for continuing the microwave pyrolysis of subsequent solar cells.

[0020] Further, in S5, the total power of the microwave emitter is set to 10 kW, the temperature is controlled at 450 °C, and the pyrolysis time is 8 minutes.

[0021] Through the settings of the rotating mechanism, tray structure, material pushing mechanism, material pulling mechanism and sensing component, the technical solution of the present invention can place multiple solar cells with EVA film in multiple tray structures respectively. The rotating mechanism drives multiple solar cells to rotate in the microwave cavity, so that multiple solar cells can be processed simultaneously, significantly improving the processing efficiency. The rotating mechanism can ensure uniform heating of each solar cell, and the sensing component can realize multi-point temperature monitoring to ensure uniform distribution of microwaves, thus avoiding local overheating and damage to solar cells. The material pushing mechanism and the material pulling mechanism can realize the function of automatic loading and unloading, reduce manual intervention, improve the operation efficiency, and are more convenient for use when processing solar cells. Description of the Drawings

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic side sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the material pushing mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the tray and storage tray of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: 1, microwave cavity; 2, feeding conveyor belt; 3, discharging conveyor belt; 4, storage tray; 5, feeding port; 6, discharging port; 7, electric hinge; 8, microwave emitter; 9, electric lifting door structure; 10, reduction motor; 11, hanging bracket; 12, annular rotating frame; 13, rotating suspension rod; 14, tray; 15, arc-shaped baffle; 16, arc-shaped guide plate; 17, first electric push rod; 18, second electric push rod; 19, third electric push rod; 20, fourth electric push rod; 21, fifth electric push rod; 22, distance sensor; 23, temperature sensor; 24, air pump; 25, exhaust gas discharge pipe; 26, pressure relief valve; 27, positioning plate; 28, positioning hole; 29, electric telescopic rod. Specific embodiments

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention.

[0030] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the said features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specifically defined. In addition, the terms "mounted", "connected", and "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] Embodiment 1

[0032] As Figures 1-4 shown:

[0033] A large-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules includes a microwave cavity 1, a feeding conveyor belt 2, and a discharging conveyor belt 3. The inside of the microwave cavity 1 is lined with ceramics, which is heat-resistant and transparent to microwaves, ensuring uniform distribution of microwaves. A microwave shielding layer is provided outside the microwave cavity 1 to prevent microwave leakage.

[0034] A rotatable rotating mechanism is provided inside the microwave cavity 1. The rotating mechanism includes a reduction motor 10, a suspension bracket 11, and an annular rotating frame 12. The reduction motor 10 is fixedly installed in the middle of the microwave cavity 1 near the discharging port 6, and its output end penetrates into the inside of the microwave cavity 1. The suspension bracket 11 is fixedly connected to both sides of the inner top wall of the microwave cavity 1, and the annular rotating frame 12 is rotatably connected inside the suspension bracket 11. One end of the annular rotating frame 12 close to the reduction motor 10 is connected to the output end of the reduction motor 10 by a spline. The reduction motor 10 can drive the annular rotating frame 12 to rotate uniformly, so as to drive a plurality of tray structures to rotate inside the microwave cavity 1, and further enable the movement trajectories of each tray structure to be the same, ensuring that the battery wafers on each tray structure receive the same microwaves and avoiding uneven heating.

[0035] The movable end of the rotating mechanism is provided with a tray structure. Inside the tray structure, there is a storage tray 4 for placing solar panels. The bottom surface of the storage tray 4 is equidistantly provided with a plurality of through holes, so as to enhance the penetration effect of microwaves and better microwave heat the solar cells in the storage tray 4. The tray structure includes a rotating suspension rod 13, a tray 14 and an arc-shaped retaining strip 15. The number of rotating suspension rods 13 is two, and the two rotating suspension rods 13 are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the tray 14. The rotating suspension rod 13 is in a herringbone shape, and both sides of its bottom end are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the upper surface of the tray 14. The top ends of the two rotating suspension rods 13 are sleeved on both sides of the end rod body of the annular rotating frame 12 and can rotate outside it. A slot structure can be provided at the contact part between the top end of the rotating suspension rod 13 and the end rod body of the annular rotating frame 12 to prevent the rotating suspension rod 13 from moving horizontally on the end rod body of the annular rotating frame 12; A positioning plate 27 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the tray 14 near the feeding port 5, and a positioning hole 28 is provided in the middle of the side surface of the positioning plate 27.

[0036] At the bottom of the inner side wall of the microwave cavity 1, an electric telescopic rod 29 is horizontally and fixedly installed. The movable rod body of the electric telescopic rod 29 corresponds to the positioning hole 28 on the positioning plate 27 on the lower surface of the tray 14 in the lowest state, and after the movable rod body of the electric telescopic rod 29 extends, it can be inserted into the corresponding positioning hole 28, so as to fix the horizontal state of the lowest tray 14, prevent the tray 14 from shaking back and forth, and ensure that the storage tray 4 can be smoothly placed into the tray 14.

[0037] Arc-shaped retaining strips 15 are fixedly connected to both sides of the inner bottom wall of the tray 14, and the storage tray 4 is placed inside the tray 14 and arranged between the arc-shaped retaining strips 15 on both sides. The slopes on both sides of the arc-shaped retaining strip 15 are less than 30 degrees, which can ensure that when the storage tray 4 enters the tray 14 horizontally, the arc-shaped retaining strip 15 will not obstruct the storage tray 4, and the storage tray 4 can cross over the top of the arc-shaped retaining strip 15 and be placed between the arc-shaped retaining strips 15 on both sides, which can play a limiting role for the storage tray 4; On the side of the upper surface of the tray 14 away from the feeding port 5, a sensor can be provided. When the storage tray 4 is safely placed in the tray 14, the sensor will sense the storage tray 4, so that the control unit can know that the second electric push rod 18 has completed the action, and then control the retraction of the movable rod body of the second electric push rod 18; Arc-shaped guide plates 16 for guiding the tray 14 are provided on both sides of the top end of the tray 14 near the feeding port 5 and the discharging port 6. The arc-shaped guide plates 16 can facilitate the guiding of the storage tray 4, increase the openings on both sides of the tray 14, and ensure that the storage tray 4 can be smoothly pushed from the feeding conveyor belt 2 into the inside of the tray 14. The number of tray structures is several, and several tray structures are respectively arranged around the annular rotating frame 12 in a circular array form;

[0038] On both sides of the microwave cavity 1, a feed inlet 5 and a discharge outlet 6 are respectively provided. Electric lifting door structures 9 are installed on both sides of the microwave cavity 1 near the feed inlet 5 and the discharge outlet 6. The two electric lifting door structures 9 can respectively close the feed inlet 5 and the discharge outlet 6. The electric lifting door structure 9 is a well-known prior art, so it will not be elaborated here. For example, an electric telescopic rod can be used to drive the door panel to move up and down to achieve the function of electric lifting, so as to play a role in closing the feed inlet and the discharge outlet; there are many similar electric lifting mechanisms, and they will not be described one by one;

[0039] On one side of the microwave cavity 1 near the feed inlet 5, a feed conveyor belt 2 is provided, and a material pushing mechanism for pushing the storage tray 4 is arranged inside the feed conveyor belt 2. The material pushing mechanism includes a first electric push rod 17 and a second electric push rod 18. The number of the first electric push rods 17 is two, and the fixed rod parts of the two first electric push rods 17 are vertically and fixedly installed inside the feed conveyor belt 2. The fixed rod part of the second electric push rod 18 is horizontally and fixedly installed at the top of the movable rod bodies of the two first electric push rods 17. Each battery cell to be processed is separately placed in a storage tray 4, and the storage tray 4 is placed on the feed conveyor belt 2 and conveyed into the feed inlet 5 of the microwave cavity 1. When one end of a storage tray 4 enters the feed inlet 5 under the action of the feed conveyor belt 2, the movable rod body of the first electric push rod 17 jacks up, pushing the second electric push rod 18 to a height level with the storage tray 4, and then controlling the movable rod body of the second electric push rod 18 to extend outwards and push the storage tray 4, and horizontally pushing the storage tray 4 into the tray 14 at the bottommost end of the annular rotating frame 12;

[0040] On one side of the microwave cavity 1 near the discharge outlet 6, a discharge conveyor belt 3 is provided. The feed conveyor belt 2 and the discharge conveyor belt 3 have the same structure. They are both composed of a plurality of belts arranged at intervals. The movement direction of each belt is the same, and the same spacing exists between the plurality of belts. They are only connected by rotating shafts at the two ends where the belts are farthest apart. Therefore, the horizontally arranged second electric push rod 18 and the fourth electric push rod 20 can be raised above the feed conveyor belt 2 and the discharge conveyor belt 3 without hindrance, and the plurality of belts arranged at intervals can also play a role in conveying the storage tray 4, achieving the same effect as a whole-plane conveyor belt. This kind of structure is a well-known prior art, so it will not be elaborated here.

[0041] Inside the discharge conveyor belt 3, there is a material pulling mechanism that can pull out the storage tray 4. The material pulling mechanism includes a third electric push rod 19, a fourth electric push rod 20, and a fifth electric push rod 21. The number of the third electric push rods 19 is two, and the fixed rod parts of the two third electric push rods 19 are vertically and fixedly installed inside the discharge conveyor belt 3. The fixed rod part of the fourth electric push rod 20 is fixedly installed at the top of the movable rod parts of the two third electric push rods 19. The fixed rod part of the fifth electric push rod 21 is vertically and fixedly installed at the end of the movable rod part of the fourth electric push rod 20 and is arranged on one side close to the discharge port 6. The movable rod part of the fifth electric push rod 21 is arranged downward. When the movable rod part of the third electric push rod 19 extends, it can drive the fourth electric push rod 20 to rise. When the movable rod part of the fourth electric push rod 20 extends, it can drive the fifth electric push rod 21 to extend into the discharge port 6 and be located above the bottom tray 14. After the movable rod part of the fifth electric push rod 21 extends, it can extend into the storage tray 4 below it. Then, by controlling the retraction of the movable rod part of the fourth electric push rod 20, the movable rod part of the fifth electric push rod 21 can hold the edge of the storage tray 4 to pull out the storage tray 4 outward and pull it onto the discharge conveyor belt 3.

[0042] On the inner top wall and inner bottom wall of the microwave cavity 1, electric hinges 7 are installed and are respectively connected with microwave emitters 8 through the electric hinges 7. The electric hinges 7 can drive the microwave emitters 8 to rotate, so as to adjust the angles of the microwave emitters 8, ensure the uniform distribution of microwaves in the microwave cavity 1, and avoid local overheating. The multiple microwave emitters 8 set realize the multi-source microwave emission technology, so as to achieve uniform heating. The microwave frequency is 2450 MHz, and the total power is 5 - 10 kW, which can be dynamically adjusted according to the processing volume. Sensing components are arranged on the inner bottom wall of the microwave cavity 1 and inside the rotating mechanism. The sensing components include a distance sensor 22 and a temperature sensor 23. The distance sensor 22 is fixedly installed in the middle of the inner bottom wall of the microwave cavity 1 and can correspond to the tray structure at the bottommost end of the rotating mechanism. Thus, when it is detected that the distance between the tray 14 and the distance sensor 22 is the smallest, it proves that the tray 14 is at the lowest end. Therefore, the rotating mechanism can be controlled to stop rotating, the storage tray 4 on the feeding conveyor belt 2 is pushed onto the bottommost tray 14, and then it is rotated upward through the rotating mechanism. After the next tray 14 is rotated to the lowest end, it stops again until all the trays 14 are placed with storage trays 4. The number of the temperature sensors 23 is the same as the number of the tray structures. A number of temperature sensors 23 are respectively installed in the middle of the end rod bodies of the annular rotating frames 12 corresponding to a number of tray structures and face downward corresponding to the inside of the tray 14, and can respectively monitor the temperature inside the corresponding storage tray 4, and dynamically adjust the microwave power according to the temperature feedback to ensure uniform heating and the temperature does not exceed 500 °C.

[0043] A gas pump 24 for filling nitrogen into the microwave cavity 1 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the microwave cavity 1, and the air outlet end of the gas pump 24 penetrates into the interior of the microwave cavity 1. The air inlet end of the gas pump 24 is connected to a structure for storing nitrogen externally through a pipeline, and nitrogen can be filled into the microwave cavity 1 during the pyrolysis of the battery slice in the microwave cavity 1 to prevent the battery slice from oxidizing; an exhaust gas discharge pipe 25 is arranged on the upper surface of the microwave cavity 1, and the exhaust gas discharge pipe 25 can be connected to an external pipeline and is connected to an exhaust gas treatment device for discharging the exhaust gas generated in the microwave cavity 1 during microwave pyrolysis to ensure environmental protection discharge; a pressure relief valve 26 for preventing the internal pressure of the microwave cavity 1 from being too high is also arranged on the upper surface of the microwave cavity 1. When the air pressure in the microwave cavity 1 increases abnormally, the pressure relief valve 26 can actively release the pressure in the microwave cavity 1 to ensure the safe operation of the equipment.

[0044] In summary, the large-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules of the present invention has the following usage steps:

[0045] 1. Place the disassembled crystalline silicon battery slice with EVA film flat in the storage tray 4, and neatly place the storage tray 4 on the feeding conveyor belt 2, and convey it to the feeding port 5 through the feeding conveyor belt 2;

[0046] 2. Drive the tray 14 on the annular rotating frame 12 to rotate through the reduction motor 10. The tray 14 can always maintain a horizontal state under the action of its own gravity. At the same time, detect the tray 14 through the distance sensor 22 at the bottom. When it is detected that the tray 14 is at the lowest end, stop the rotation of the annular rotating frame 12, and fix the position of the lowest tray 14 through the electric telescopic rod 29;

[0047] 3. Then make the feeding conveyor belt 2 drive the storage tray 4 to move into the feeding port 5. When one end of the storage tray 4 is inserted into the microwave cavity 1, control the second electric push rod 18 to rise and make its movable rod body extend outwards, and push the storage tray 4 to continue to move into the microwave cavity 1 and completely place it in the lowest tray 14;

[0048] 4. Then retract the second electric push rod 18 to its original position, control the movable rod body of the electric telescopic rod 29 to retract, and then make the annular rotating frame 12 continue to rotate, rotate the next tray 14 to the bottom, detect the tray 14 through the distance sensor 22 at the bottom. When it is detected that the tray 14 is at the lowest end, stop the rotation of the annular rotating frame 12, and fix the position of the lowest tray 14 through the electric telescopic rod 29;

[0049] 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until all trays 14 in the microwave cavity 1 are placed with crystalline silicon solar cells equipped with EVA film. Then, control the electric lifting door structures 9 on both sides to close the feed inlet 5 and the discharge outlet 6. Operate the microwave emitter 8 and the reduction motor 10. Set the total power of the microwave emitter 8 to 10 kW, the temperature to 450 °C, and the pyrolysis time to 8 minutes. The reduction motor 10 drives multiple solar cells to rotate uniformly in the microwave cavity 1 through the annular rotating frame 12, enabling multiple solar cells to be uniformly heated by microwaves.

[0050] 6. After the microwave pyrolysis is completed, open the electric lifting door structures 9 on both sides. Control the movable rod of the third electric push rod 19 to extend, driving the fourth electric push rod 20 to rise. The movable rod of the fourth electric push rod 20 extends, driving the fifth electric push rod 21 to extend into the discharge outlet 6 and move above the bottom tray 14. After the movable rod of the fifth electric push rod 21 extends, it extends into the storage tray 4 below it. Then, control the movable rod of the fourth electric push rod 20 to retract, so that the movable rod of the fifth electric push rod 21 pulls the edge of the storage tray 4 to pull the storage tray 4 outwards and onto the discharge conveyor belt 3. Pull out the storage trays 4 on multiple trays 14 in sequence, thus completing the discharging, which is convenient for continuing the microwave pyrolysis of subsequent solar cells.

[0051] The present invention effectively solves the problems of low recovery efficiency, long processing time, and deficiencies in heating uniformity and solar cell protection of existing microwave pyrolysis devices. The present invention can place multiple solar cells containing EVA film in multiple tray structures respectively. Through the settings of the rotating mechanism, tray structure, pushing mechanism, pulling mechanism, and sensing component, multiple solar cells containing EVA film can be placed in multiple tray structures respectively. The rotating mechanism drives multiple solar cells to rotate in the microwave cavity, so that multiple solar cells can be processed simultaneously, significantly improving the processing efficiency. The rotating mechanism can ensure uniform heating of each solar cell, and the sensing component can realize multi-point temperature monitoring to ensure uniform distribution of microwaves, thus avoiding local overheating and damage to solar cells. The pushing mechanism and the pulling mechanism can realize the function of automatic loading and unloading, reduce manual intervention, improve the operation efficiency, and are more convenient for use in the processing of solar cells.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, characterized in that: It includes a microwave cavity, a feed conveyor belt and a discharge conveyor belt, wherein a rotating mechanism is arranged inside the microwave cavity and a tray structure is arranged at the movable end of the rotating mechanism, a storage tray is arranged inside the tray structure, a feed port and a discharge port are respectively opened on two sides of the microwave cavity, a feed conveyor belt is arranged on the side of the microwave cavity close to the feed port and a pushing mechanism is arranged inside the feed conveyor belt, a discharge conveyor belt is arranged on the side of the microwave cavity close to the discharge port and a pulling mechanism is arranged inside the discharge conveyor belt, an inner top wall and an inner bottom wall of the microwave cavity are both installed with electric hinges and are both connected to a microwave transmitter through the electric hinges, and a sensor component is arranged on the inner bottom wall of the microwave cavity and in the rotating mechanism.

2. The large-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Electric lifting door structures are installed on both sides of the microwave cavity close to the feed port and the discharge port, and an electric telescopic rod is fixedly installed horizontally at the bottom of the inner wall of the microwave cavity.

3. The large-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The rotating mechanism includes a reduction motor, a hanger and an annular rotating frame, the reduction motor is fixedly installed in the middle of the microwave cavity near the discharge port and the output end of the reduction motor is arranged inside the microwave cavity, the hanger is fixedly connected to both sides of the top wall of the microwave cavity and the annular rotating frame is rotatably connected to the inside of the hanger, and one end of the annular rotating frame close to the reduction motor is connected to the output end of the reduction motor through a spline.

4. The large-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The pallet structure includes a rotating suspension rod, a pallet and an arc-shaped baffle bar. The number of the rotating suspension rods is two and the two rotating suspension rods are respectively fixedly connected to the two sides of the top of the pallet, the top ends of the two rotating suspension rods are both sleeved on the two sides of the end rod body of the annular rotating frame, the two sides of the inner bottom wall of the pallet are fixedly connected with the arc-shaped baffle bars and the storage tray is placed inside the pallet and arranged between the arc-shaped baffle bars on both sides, arc-shaped guide plates are arranged on both sides of the top of the pallet near the feed port and the discharge port, the number of the pallet structures is several and the several pallet structures are respectively arranged around the annular rotating frame in the form of a circular array.

5. The large-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The pushing mechanism includes a first electric push rod and a second electric push rod. There are two first electric push rods and the fixed rod body parts of the two first electric push rods are vertically fixedly installed inside the feed conveyor belt. The fixed rod body part of the second electric push rod is laterally fixedly installed on the top of the movable rod bodies of the two first electric push rods.

6. The large-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The pulling mechanism includes a third electric push rod, a fourth electric push rod and a fifth electric push rod. The number of the third electric push rods is two and the fixed rod body parts of the two third electric push rods are vertically fixedly installed inside the discharge conveyor belt. The fixed rod body part of the fourth electric push rod is fixedly installed on the top of the two third electric push rod movable rod bodies. The fixed rod body part of the fifth electric push rod is vertically fixedly installed at the end of the fourth electric push rod movable rod body and is arranged on a side close to the discharge port. The movable rod body part of the fifth electric push rod is arranged downward.

7. The large-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The sensing assembly includes a distance sensor and a temperature sensor. The distance sensor is fixedly installed in the middle of the bottom wall of the microwave cavity and corresponds to the tray structure at the bottom of the rotating mechanism. The number of the temperature sensors is the same as the number of the tray structures. Several temperature sensors are respectively installed in the middle of the end rod body of the annular rotating frame corresponding to the several tray structures and downwardly correspond to the inside of the tray.

8. The large-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An air pump is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the microwave cavity and the air outlet end of the air pump is arranged inside the microwave cavity. An exhaust gas discharge pipe is arranged on the upper surface of the microwave cavity and the exhaust gas discharge pipe can be connected to an external pipeline. A pressure release valve is arranged on the upper surface of the microwave cavity.

9. The method for using the large-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to claim 7, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Place the disassembled crystalline silicon solar cells with EVA film flatly in the storage tray, and place the storage tray neatly on the feed conveyor belt, and transport them to the feed inlet through the feed conveyor belt; S2. The pallet on the circular rotating frame is driven to rotate by the reduction motor. The pallet can always remain horizontal under the action of its own gravity. The distance sensor detects the pallet. When it is detected that the pallet is at the bottom, the circular rotating frame stops rotating and the position of the pallet at the bottom is fixed by the electric telescopic rod. S3, the feeding conveyor belt drives the storage tray to move into the feeding port. After one end of the storage tray is inserted into the microwave cavity, the second electric push rod rises and extends its movable rod body outward, pushing the storage tray to continue to move into the microwave cavity and completely put it into the tray at the bottom; S4, the second electric push rod is retracted to its original position, the movable rod body of the electric telescopic rod is retracted, the annular rotating frame continues to rotate, and the next pallet is rotated to the bottom. The distance sensor detects the pallet. When it is detected that the pallet is at the bottom, the annular rotating frame stops rotating and fixes the position of the pallet at the bottom by the electric telescopic rod; S5, repeat S3 and S4 until all trays in the microwave cavity are loaded with crystalline silicon cells with EVA films, the electric lifting door structures on both sides close the feed port and the discharge port, operate the microwave transmitter and the reduction motor, and the reduction motor drives the multiple cells to rotate at a uniform speed in the microwave cavity through the annular rotating frame, so that the multiple cells can be heated by the same microwave; S6. After the microwave pyrolysis is completed, the electric lifting door structures on both sides are opened, the movable rod body of the third electric push rod is extended to drive the fourth electric push rod to rise upward, the movable rod body of the fourth electric push rod is extended to drive the fifth electric push rod to extend into the discharge port and move to the top of the bottom tray, after the movable rod body of the fifth electric push rod is extended, it extends into the storage tray below it, the movable rod body of the fourth electric push rod is retracted, and the movable rod body of the fifth electric push rod grabs the edge of the storage tray, thereby pulling the storage tray outward and pulling it onto the discharge conveyor belt, and the storage trays on multiple trays are pulled outward in turn, thereby completing the discharge, which is convenient for continuing to perform microwave pyrolysis on subsequent battery cells.

10. The method for using the large-capacity microwave pyrolysis device for recycling waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to claim 9, characterized in that: In S5, the total power of the microwave transmitter is set to 10 kW, the temperature is controlled at 450° C., and the pyrolysis time is 8 minutes.

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