Earth pressure shield tunneling machine suitable for water-rich stratum construction and using method of earth pressure shield tunneling machine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine and tunnel construction, in particular to an earth pressure shield tunneling machine suitable for water-rich stratum construction and a using method of the earth pressure shield tunneling machine. The earth pressure shield tunneling machine comprises a cutterhead, an excavation bin, a main drive, a spiral conveyor and two sets of residue soil conveying systems connected in parallel. The cutter head is arranged in the excavation bin and is used for cutting muck; the main drive is used for providing torque for the cutterhead and driving the cutterhead to rotate; the inlet end of the spiral conveyor is attached to the tunnel excavation face, and the outlet end of the spiral conveyor is connected with two muck conveying systems of the same structure in parallel through a first muck pipeline, so that the excavation bin, the spiral conveyor and the muck box are connected together to form a closed space with the same internal pressure. Muck enters the muck conveying systems through the spiral conveyors, the two muck conveying systems work alternately, the excavation bin, the spiral conveyors and the muck box are connected together to form a closed space, the interior of the closed space has certain pressure under the action of the pressure maintaining system, and the risk of tunnel collapse is avoided while uninterrupted work is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine and tunnel construction, and specifically to an earth pressure shield machine applicable to construction in water-rich strata and its usage method. Background Art

[0002] Currently, there are corresponding shield machines for tunnel construction in different strata, and the selection of shield machines is diverse. However, when choosing different types of shield construction, the construction costs vary greatly. When facing water-rich strata, if earth pressure shield construction is selected, the possibility of screw conveyor gushing during construction is relatively high. In severe cases, normal tunneling cannot be carried out. If slurry shield is used, the construction cost will increase.

[0003] With the innovation of shield technology, different technical solutions have also emerged. For example, a device and its usage method for an earth pressure shield to achieve the functions of a slurry shield, with the application number 202410457257.3, by installing a soil chamber pipe on the screw conveyor to strengthen the soil plug effect of the screw conveyor and thus maintain the pressure in the excavation chamber, enabling the earth pressure shield to have the functions of a slurry shield and reducing the construction cost. However, when the water volume in the strata is large, the formation of the soil plug effect by the soil chamber pipe is also very limited and cannot completely ensure that the screw conveyor does not gush. Another shield machine with the application number 202311548001.5 uses a modifier added to the excavation chamber to change the fluidity of the muck, achieving stable slag discharge of the screw conveyor, and thus to a certain extent, it can also enable the earth pressure shield to tunnel in water-rich strata. However, continuously injecting the modifier into the excavation chamber during tunneling will inevitably cause the continuous increase of construction costs. Therefore, it is very necessary to design an earth pressure shield machine that can achieve tunneling in water-rich strata without increasing construction costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an earth pressure shield machine applicable to construction in water-rich strata and its usage method to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: An earth pressure shield machine applicable to construction in water-rich strata includes a cutter head, an excavation chamber, a main drive, a screw conveyor, and two sets of parallel muck conveying systems; The cutter head is arranged in the excavation chamber and is used for cutting muck; the main drive is used to provide torque for the cutter head and drive the cutter head to rotate; the inlet end of the screw conveyor is in contact with the tunnel excavation face, and the outlet end is connected in parallel with two sets of muck conveying systems with the same structure through the first muck pipeline, so that the muck boxes in the excavation chamber, the screw conveyor, and the muck conveying system are connected together to form a closed space with equal internal pressure; the muck continuously enters the muck conveying system through the screw conveyor, and through the alternating operation of the two sets of muck conveying systems, the continuous output of muck is realized.

[0006] Furthermore, the muck conveying system includes a muck box, a belt conveyor, a muck level detection device and a pressure maintaining system; the screw conveyor conveys muck to the muck box through a pipeline; the muck box is a sealed pressure vessel for storing the muck discharged by the screw conveyor; when the muck in the muck box is full, the muck in the muck box body will be discharged onto the belt conveyor and conveyed to the outside under the action of the screw shaft; the muck level detection device is used to detect the height of the muck in the muck box; the pressure in the muck box and the excavation chamber is automatically controlled for air intake and exhaust through the pressure maintaining system to maintain the pressure stability in the muck bin and the excavation chamber.

[0007] Furthermore, the inlet of the muck box is connected to the first muck pipeline of the screw conveyor through a second muck pipeline, and a valve 14 is provided on the second muck pipeline; a pipeline 1 is provided at the top of the muck box, and the pipeline 1 is a tee pipeline provided at the top of the tail side of the muck box. The bottom of the vertical section of the pipeline 1 is connected to the muck box, and a valve 7 is provided on the horizontal section for releasing the pressure in the muck box; the top of the front end of the muck box is connected to the excavation chamber through a pipeline, and a valve 1 and a valve 4 are provided on this pipeline for pressure transmission to keep the pressure in the muck box and the excavation chamber equal; a valve 8 is provided at the bottom of the muck box to control the discharge of muck to the belt conveyor.

[0008] Furthermore, it further includes a muck level detection device, and the muck level detection device includes a radar measurement device for measuring the height of the muck inside the muck box; the radar test device is provided at the top of the pipeline 1.

[0009] Furthermore, the muck level detection device further includes a torque measurement device; the torque measurement device is provided at the top of the inner side wall on the outlet side of the muck box for detecting the height of the muck level inside the muck box, and indirectly judging the muck level by the change of the rotational torque.

[0010] Furthermore, the muck level detection device further includes a muck weighing module; the muck weighing module is provided at the bottom of the inlet side of the muck box and is supported by an external base for measuring the weight of the muck, and then estimating the height of the muck level in the muck box.

[0011] Furthermore, a pressure maintaining system is provided at the top of the muck box for pressurizing and releasing the air in the muck box, so as to indirectly control the pressure in the excavation chamber, the screw conveyor and the muck box to be consistent.

[0012] Furthermore, a high-pressure water system is provided on the pipeline connecting the screw conveyor and the muck box. When the resistance of the pipeline for conveying muck is large, high-pressure water is injected to reduce the friction between the muck and the pipeline.

[0013] Furthermore, the excavation chamber and the screw conveyor are jointly equipped with a muck improvement system. When the muck conveyed by the screw conveyor and the pipeline is not smooth, a modifier is injected into the excavation chamber and the screw conveyor through the muck improvement system.

[0014] The present invention also discloses a method for using an earth pressure shield machine applicable to construction in water-rich strata, which includes the following steps: Step 1: Debug the pressure maintaining system, and set its pressure to the target value, that is, the ideal pressure control value of the soil bin.

[0015] Step 2: First, close valve 14, valve 4, valve 3, valve 7, and valve 8, and open valve 5 and valve 6.

[0016] Step 3: The pressure maintaining system starts to supplement pressure to the muck box, and stops when the pressure reaches the set value.

[0017] Step 4: Open valve 1, valve 4, and valve 14, start the screw conveyor, and the shield machine advances forward. During this process, the muck enters the muck box of the first muck conveying system through the screw conveyor; the compressed air in the muck box overflows to the outside under the action of the pressure maintaining system. Step 5: As the muck or slurry continuously accumulates, when the radar measuring device detects that the muck level reaches the specified value, close valve 14. Step 6: The torque measuring device continuously stirs, measures the muck level through the change in torque, and the module weighing device indirectly judges the muck level in the muck box by measuring the weight of the empty muck box and the muck box filled with muck. Step 7: When the muck in the muck box of the first muck conveying system is loaded completely, the shield machine stops advancing, and close valve 4, valve 5, and valve 6. Step 8: Open valve 9 and valve 10, inject compressed air into the second muck box through the pressure maintaining system, and when the pressure reaches the preset pressure, open valve 3. Step 9: Open valve 13 and valve 3, start the screw conveyor, and the shield machine advances forward. During this process, the muck enters the muck box of the second muck conveying system through the screw conveyor; the compressed air in the muck box overflows to the outside under the action of the pressure maintaining system. Step 10: During the process of collecting muck in the second muck conveying system, open valve 7 to release the pressure in the muck box of the first muck conveying system. After the pressure in the box becomes normal pressure, open valve 8. The muck in the muck box of the first muck conveying system is discharged to the belt conveyor through valve 8 under the action of the screw shaft and is conveyed to the outside. Step 11: When the muck box of the second muck conveying system is filled with muck, after the muck in the first muck box is discharged completely, repeat the above operations starting from step 2 in sequence. The two muck conveying systems collect muck and discharge muck in sequence to realize the continuous tunneling of the earth pressure shield machine.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Two sets of muck conveying systems are connected in parallel on the earth pressure shield machine of the present invention, which can realize the continuous tunneling of the shield. 2. Each set of muck conveying system is equipped with a muck box. During the pressurized operation process, the excavation chamber, screw conveyor, and muck box are connected together to form a sealed space with a certain pressure. As the muck continuously accumulates in the muck box, the compressed air in the muck box overflows to the outside world. During this process, the pressure in the muck box remains constant. Therefore, during the entire operation process, theoretically, the pressures in the excavation chamber, screw conveyor, and muck box are stable and unchanged, thus ensuring the stability of the pressure in the excavation chamber. After the muck in one muck box is collected, when the muck level detection device detects that the muck in one muck box is full, the system switches to another muck box to continue collecting muck, thereby realizing the continuous operation of the shield machine.

[0019] The core of the present invention lies in ensuring the pressure stability of the tunnel excavation face, that is, the face. Therefore, the pressure maintenance system can automatically inject and discharge compressed air according to the pressure change in the muck box, so as to maintain a stable pressure in the muck box that matches the pressure of the excavation face, which enables the shield machine to smoothly excavate the soil body. The muck box is connected to the internal pressure of the face of the shield machine through the screw conveyor, ensuring the stability of the face pressure. As the shield machine advances, the muck is continuously fed into the muck box to replace the compressed air in the muck box. Although the pressure inside the muck box will be released as the muck is continuously filled, the pressure after release still needs to be consistent with the face. In principle, there is no possibility of pressure relief between the excavation chamber, screw conveyor, and muck box, and it can always maintain pressurized tunneling. In this way, the pressure of the face is continuously stable, and at the same time, the excavation operation is realized, thus avoiding the risk of tunnel collapse. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the earth pressure balance shield machine applicable to the construction in water-rich strata in the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first muck box involved in the present invention; Figure 3 It is the process of injecting compressed air into the first or second muck box in the present invention; Figure 4 It is the process of the first muck box collecting muck in the present invention; Figure 5 It is the process of the second muck box collecting muck in the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1 - cutter head; 2 - excavation chamber; 3 - main drive; 4 - valve one; 5 - valve two; 6 - second muck pipeline; 7 - valve three; 8 - valve four; 9 - first muck box; 10 - valve five; 11 - valve six; 12 - pressure maintaining system one; 13 - radar measuring device; 14 - pipeline one; 15 - valve seven; 16 - valve eight; 17 - belt conveyor one; 19 - valve eleven; 20 - valve twelve; 21 - belt conveyor two; 22 - pressure maintaining system two; 23 - valve ten; 24 - valve nine; 25 - second muck box; 26 - third muck pipeline; 27 - valve fourteen; 28 - valve thirteen; 29 - first muck pipeline; 30 - valve fifteen; 31 - screw conveyor; 32 - screw shaft; 33 - drive device; 34 - muck weighing module; 35 - torque measuring device; 36 - connecting pipe one; 37 - connecting pipe two; 38 - connecting pipe three. Specific implementation manner

[0022] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 , the present invention provides an earth pressure shield machine suitable for construction in water-rich strata, including a cutter head 1, an excavation chamber 2, a main drive 3, a screw conveyor 31, and two sets of parallel muck conveying systems; The cutter head 1 is arranged in the excavation chamber 2 for cutting muck; the main drive 3 is used to provide torque for the cutter head and drive the cutter head to rotate; the inlet end of the screw conveyor 31 is attached to the tunnel excavation face, and the outlet end is connected in parallel with two sets of muck conveying systems with the same structure through the first muck pipeline, so that the muck in the excavation chamber, the screw conveyor, and the muck box in the muck conveying system are connected together to form a closed space with equal internal pressure; the muck continuously enters the muck conveying system through the screw conveyor, and through the alternating operation of the two sets of muck conveying systems, the continuous output of muck is realized.

[0024] The muck conveying system includes a muck box, a belt conveyor, a muck level detection device, and a pressure maintaining system; the screw conveyor conveys the muck to the muck box through a pipeline, and the muck box is used to store the muck discharged by the screw conveyor. This box is a closed pressure vessel that can withstand a certain pressure; the muck in the box is discharged to the belt conveyor under the action of the screw shaft 32 and conveyed to the outside. A drive device 33 is arranged outside the muck box, and the drive device 33 is installed on the screw shaft for providing power for the screw shaft; the muck level detection device is used to detect the muck height in the muck box; The pressure maintaining system on the muck box stabilizes the pressure inside the muck box by introducing compressed air into the muck box and discharging it according to the pressure change. During this dynamic process, the excavation chamber, the screw conveyor, and the muck box form a closed space, so the pressure of the whole system can be maintained stable during tunneling.

[0025] Preferably, the inlet of the muck box is connected to the first muck pipeline 29 of the screw conveyor 31 through the second muck pipeline 6, and a valve fourteen 27 is provided on the second muck pipeline; the belt conveyor is arranged below the outlet of the muck box for long-distance transportation of muck.

[0026] More preferably, a high-pressure water system is provided on the first muck pipeline 29 between the screw conveyor and the muck box. When the resistance of the pipeline for transporting muck is large, high-pressure water can be injected to reduce the friction between the muck and the pipeline.

[0027] Preferably, the muck level detection device includes a radar measurement device 13, a torque measurement device 35, and a muck weighing module 34; the radar measurement device 13 is used to measure the height of the muck inside the muck box; the torque measurement device 35 is used to detect the height of the muck level inside the muck box. By the change of the rotational torque, the muck level can be indirectly judged; the muck weighing module 34 is used to weigh the muck box and then can roughly calculate the height of the muck level inside the muck box. It should be noted that both the torque measurement device and the muck weighing module are used to measure the situation of the muck loaded in the muck box.

[0028] The torque measurement device 35 is arranged at the top of the inner side wall on the outlet side of the muck box, used to detect the height of the muck level inside the muck box. By the change of the rotational torque, the muck level can be indirectly judged.

[0029] A pipeline one is provided on the top of the muck box, and the radar test device 13 is arranged in the pipeline one 14; the pipeline one 14 is a tee pipeline arranged at the top of the tail side of the muck box 9. The bottom of the vertical section of the pipeline one 14 is used to connect the muck box 9, the top is connected to the radar test device, and the horizontal section of the pipeline one 14 is used to discharge the pressure inside the muck box; a valve seven 15 is provided on the horizontal section for releasing the pressure inside the muck box.

[0030] The muck weighing module 34 is arranged on the outer side of the bottom on the inlet side of the muck box and is supported by an external base, used to measure the muck weight and then can estimate the height of the muck level inside the muck box. A valve eight 16 is provided at the bottom of the muck box to control the transportation of the muck inside the muck box to the belt conveyor.

[0031] The pressure-holding system for controlling the pressure of the muck box is installed at the top of the muck box, and valves 5 (10) and 6 (11) are arranged between it and the muck box. The connection between the pressure-holding system and the muck can be connected and cut off by closing and opening. The pressure-holding system can automatically select to inject and discharge compressed air according to the pressure change in the muck box to maintain the stability of the pressure in the muck box. Since there is a pipeline connection between the muck box and the excavation chamber, the pressure-holding system indirectly controls the pressure of the excavation chamber to be consistent with that of the muck box. The muck box is connected to the excavation chamber through a pipeline, and valves 1 and 4 are arranged on the pipeline. The connection between the muck box and the excavation chamber can be connected and disconnected by closing and opening valve 1, and the connection between muck box 1 and muck box 2 and the excavation chamber can be selected by closing or opening valves 3 and 4. Since the muck box is connected to the excavation chamber, the pressure-holding system also maintains the stability of the excavation face pressure.

[0032] Regarding the cleaning of the muck in the muck box, the valve 7 (15) on the muck box can be used to relieve the pressure first. When there is no pressure in the muck tank, open the valve 8 (16) below to discharge the muck in the muck box to the belt conveyor, and then the muck can be discharged, and the shield machine can continuously advance.

[0033] In the tunnel boring machine of the present invention, as described above, the cutter head cuts the muck, and the screw conveyor conveys the muck into the muck box of the first or second muck conveying system. This process is a pressurized operation process. The excavation chamber, the screw conveyor, and the muck box are connected together to form a closed space and have a certain pressure. As the muck continuously accumulates in the muck box, the compressed air in the muck box overflows to the outside. In this process, the pressure in the muck box maintains a constant value. Therefore, in the entire operation process, theoretically, the pressures in the excavation chamber, the screw conveyor, and the muck box are stable and unchanged, so as to ensure the stability of the pressure in the excavation chamber. After the muck in one muck box is collected, when the muck level detection device detects that the muck in one muck box is full, the system switches to another muck box to continue collecting muck, so as to realize the continuous operation of the shield machine.

[0034] The core of the present invention is to ensure the stability of the pressure of the tunnel excavation face, that is, the face. Therefore, a stable pressure matching the pressure of the excavation face is maintained inside the muck box, which enables the shield machine to smoothly excavate the soil body. The muck box is connected to the internal pressure of the face of the shield machine through the screw conveyor and the connecting pipeline, ensuring the stability of the face pressure. As the shield machine advances, the muck is continuously fed into the muck box to replace the compressed air in the muck box. Although the pressure inside the muck box will be released as the muck is continuously filled, the released pressure still needs to be consistent with the face. In principle, there is no possibility of pressure relief between the excavation chamber, the screw conveyor, and the muck box, and the shield machine can always maintain pressurized tunneling. In this way, the pressure of the face is continuously stabilized, and at the same time, the excavation operation is realized, thus avoiding the risk of tunnel collapse.

[0035] The method for using the earth pressure shield machine suitable for water-rich stratum construction of the present invention comprises the following steps: When the first muck conveying system is used to transport muck: Step 1: Debug the pressure maintaining system and set its pressure to the target value, i.e., the ideal pressure control value of the soil bin.

[0036] Step 2: Close valve 14 27, valve 4 8, valve 3 7, valve 7 15, valve 8 16, and open valve 5 10 and valve 6 11.

[0037] Step 3: The pressure maintaining system starts to add pressure to the slag box and stops when the pressure setting value is reached.

[0038] Step 4: Open valve 1 4, valve 4 8, valve 14 27, start the screw conveyor 31 and the shield machine moves forward. During this process, the slag enters the first slag box 9 through the screw conveyor. Since the slag occupies the volume in the first slag box, the compressed air in the first slag box can be discharged to the outside under the action of the pressure maintaining system, thereby maintaining the pressure in the slag box stable. The slag box is connected to the excavation bin through a connecting pipe. In this dynamic process, the excavation bin, the screw conveyor and the first slag box are combined into a closed space, so the pressure of the entire system can be kept stable during the excavation process. Step 5: As the slag or slurry continues to accumulate, when the radar measuring device 13 detects that the slag level has reached a specified value, the valve 5 10 and the valve 6 11 are closed to prevent the slag from entering the pressure maintaining system; Step 6: The torque measuring device 35 can also measure the slag position by continuous stirring, and the module weighing device 34 indirectly determines the slag position in the slag box by measuring the weight of the empty slag box and the weight of the loaded slag box; Step 7, when the first slag box is completely loaded with slag, its valve 14 27 is closed; at this time, steps 2-5 are repeated on the second slag conveying system; When the slag in the first slag box 9 is discharged: Step 8, open valve 7 15 to release the pressure in the first slag box 9, and when the pressure in the box is normal pressure, open valve 8 16, and the slag in the first slag box is discharged to the belt conveyor through valve 8 16 under the action of the screw shaft to be transported to the outside; Step 9: When the second slag box 25 is full of slag, the slag inside is discharged according to step 8.

[0039] Through the above steps, the first slag box and the second slag box collect slag and discharge slag in a circular manner in sequence, so that continuous excavation of the earth pressure shield machine of the present invention can be achieved.

[0040] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An earth pressure shield machine suitable for construction in water-rich strata, characterized in that: It includes a cutter head, excavation chamber, main drive, screw conveyor and two parallel muck conveying systems; The cutter disc is arranged in the excavation bin and is used for cutting slag; the main drive is used to provide torque to the cutter disc and drive the cutter disc to rotate; the inlet end of the screw conveyor is in contact with the tunnel excavation surface, and the outlet end is connected in parallel with two sets of slag conveying systems with the same structure through the first slag pipeline, so that the excavation bin, the screw conveyor, and the slag boxes in the slag conveying system are connected together to form a closed space with equal internal pressure; the slag continuously enters the slag conveying system through the screw conveyor, and the two sets of slag conveying systems work alternately to achieve uninterrupted output of slag.

2. The earth pressure shield machine suitable for construction in water-rich strata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slag conveying system includes a slag box, a belt conveyor, a slag level detection device and a pressure maintaining system; the screw conveyor transports the slag to the slag box through a pipeline; the slag box is a closed pressure vessel, used to store the slag discharged by the screw conveyor; when the slag box is full of slag, the slag in the slag box is discharged onto the belt conveyor and transported to the outside under the action of the spiral shaft; the slag level detection device is used to detect the height of the slag in the slag box; the pressure control in the slag box and the excavation bin is automatically controlled by the pressure maintaining system through air intake and exhaust control to maintain stable pressure in the slag bin and the excavation bin.

3. The earth pressure shield machine suitable for construction in water-rich strata according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inlet of the slag box is connected to the first slag pipeline of the screw conveyor through the second slag pipeline, and a valve 14 is provided on the second slag pipeline; a pipeline 1 is provided on the top of the slag box, and the pipeline 1 is a three-way pipeline arranged on the top of the tail side of the slag box. The bottom of the vertical section of the pipeline 1 is connected to the slag box, and a valve 7 is provided on the horizontal section for releasing the pressure in the slag box; the top of the front end of the slag box is connected to the excavation bin through a pipeline, and valves 1 and 4 are provided on the pipeline for pressure transmission to keep the pressure of the slag box and the excavation bin equal; a valve 8 is provided at the bottom of the slag box to control the discharge of slag to the belt conveyor.

4. The earth pressure shield machine suitable for construction in water-rich strata as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a slag level detection device, which includes a radar measuring device for measuring the height of slag inside the slag box; the radar testing device is arranged on the top of the pipeline one.

5. The earth pressure shield machine suitable for construction in water-rich strata as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The slag level detection device also includes a torque measuring device; the torque measuring device is arranged on the top of the inner wall on the outlet side of the slag box, and is used to detect the slag level height inside the slag box, and indirectly judge the slag level of the slag through the change of the rotation torque.

6. The earth pressure shield machine suitable for construction in water-rich strata according to claim 4, characterized in that: The slag level detection device also includes a slag weighing module; the slag weighing module is arranged at the bottom of the inlet side of the slag box and is supported by an external base, and is used to measure the weight of the slag and then estimate the slag level height in the slag box.

7. The earth pressure shield machine suitable for construction in water-rich strata as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the slag box is provided with a pressure-maintaining system for pressurizing and releasing the air in the slag box. Thus indirectly controlling the pressure and The screw conveyor and slag box remain consistent.

8. The earth pressure shield machine suitable for construction in water-rich strata as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A high-pressure water system is provided on the pipeline connecting the screw conveyor and the slag box. When the resistance of the pipeline in conveying slag is large, the friction between the slag and the pipeline can be reduced by injecting high-pressure water.

9. The earth pressure shield machine suitable for construction in water-rich strata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excavation bin and the screw conveyor are jointly equipped with a slag improvement system. When the screw conveyor and the pipeline cannot transport the slag smoothly, the slag improvement system is used to inject improvers into the excavation bin and the screw conveyor.

10. The method for using an earth pressure shield machine suitable for construction in water-rich strata according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Debug the pressure-maintaining system and set its pressure to the target value, i.e., the ideal pressure control value of the soil bin; Step 2: First close valve 14, valve 4, valve 3, valve 7, valve 8, and open valve 5 and valve 6; Step 3: The pressure-maintaining system starts to add pressure to the slag box and stops when the pressure reaches the set value; Step 4: Open valve 1, valve 4, and valve 14, start the screw conveyor and the shield machine to move forward. During this process, the slag enters the slag box of the first slag conveying system through the screw conveyor; the compressed air in the slag box overflows to the outside under the action of the pressure maintaining system; Step 5: As the slag or slurry continues to accumulate, when the radar measuring device detects that the slag level reaches a specified value, valve 14 is closed; Step 6: The torque measuring device continuously stirs and measures the slag position through the change of torque. The module weighing device indirectly determines the slag position in the slag box by measuring the weight of the empty slag box and the weight of the loaded slag box. Step 7: When the slag box of the first slag conveying system is completely loaded with slag, the shield machine stops advancing and its valves 4, 5 and 6 are closed; Step 8, open valve 9 and valve 10, inject compressed air into the slag box 2 through the pressure maintaining system, and when the pressure reaches the preset pressure, open valve 3; Step 9, open valve 13 and valve 3, start the screw conveyor and the shield machine moves forward. During this process, the slag enters the slag box of the second slag conveying system through the screw conveyor; the compressed air in the slag box overflows to the outside under the action of the pressure maintaining system; Step 10: When the second slag conveying system is collecting slag, valve 7 is opened to release the pressure in the slag box of the first slag conveying system. After the pressure in the box is normal pressure, valve 8 is opened. Under the action of the screw shaft, the slag in the slag box of the first slag conveying system is discharged to the belt conveyor through valve 8 and transported to the outside. Step 11. When the slag box of the second slag conveying system is full of slag, and after the slag in the first slag box is discharged, the above operation is repeated from step 2 again. The two slag conveying systems collect and discharge slag in turn to realize continuous excavation of the earth pressure shield machine.

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