A hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen leakage diffusion concentration monitoring test device and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy safety technology, and provides a hydrogen leakage and diffusion concentration monitoring test device and method for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. The device includes a hydrogen storage system, a flow control system, a data acquisition and storage control system, and a leakage port simulation device. The hydrogen storage system includes a hydrogen cylinder. The flow control system includes multiple airflow paths arranged in parallel, one end of each airflow path is connected to the hydrogen storage system, and the other end is connected to a leakage port of a leakage port simulation device. Each airflow path is provided with multiple airflow branches in parallel, and different airflow branches regulate the leakage gas flow by controlling the gas flow or pressure and the leakage port size. The data acquisition system includes data acquisition units distributed at various measured points of the vehicle. The present invention facilitates testing and analyzing the diffusion characteristics of hydrogen after leakage of the vehicle by building a hydrogen leakage and diffusion platform and a data acquisition and storage control system for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. The results can assist in formulating a hydrogen leakage emergency plan to prevent hydrogen leakage fires and explosions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy safety technology, and in particular to a hydrogen leakage diffusion concentration monitoring test device and method for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles may face the risk of hydrogen leakage during operation. Once leaked, hydrogen is likely to diffuse and mix with the air. If the concentration reaches a certain range and encounters a fire source, it can easily cause an explosion or combustion accident.

[0003] To ensure the safe operation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, monitoring and studying the diffusion concentration of hydrogen leaks is of vital importance. Monitoring and analyzing the diffusion patterns of leaked hydrogen at different spatial locations and under different operating conditions can provide a scientific basis for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle safety design, risk assessment, and emergency response planning.

[0004] Currently, hydrogen leakage and diffusion monitoring for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles requires coverage of different hydrogen fuel cell vehicle models and the ability to detect various hydrogen leakage conditions, including micro-leaks in hydrogen pipeline connectors, hydrogen leaks in the cockpit, hydrogen leaks from ruptures in low-pressure hydrogen pipelines, and hydrogen leaks from ruptures in high-pressure hydrogen pipelines. Therefore, establishing a test device capable of detecting the various hydrogen leakage conditions of various hydrogen fuel cell vehicle types, coupled with a comprehensive data acquisition and storage system, has become a key requirement for research and application. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a hydrogen leakage and diffusion concentration monitoring test device and method for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to solve or alleviate the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. By rationally constructing a hydrogen leakage and diffusion platform, this application can obtain high-precision, multi-point hydrogen concentration distribution data while simulating and restoring different hydrogen leakage conditions of various types of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. This can assist in formulating and implementing emergency response plans for hydrogen leakage accidents of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and prevent and avoid the occurrence of hydrogen leakage and explosion accidents.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides a hydrogen leakage diffusion concentration monitoring test device for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, comprising a hydrogen storage system, a flow control system, a leakage port simulation device, a data acquisition system, and a data storage control system;

[0008] The hydrogen storage system includes a hydrogen cylinder and a gas control valve;

[0009] The flow control system comprises a plurality of airflow passages arranged in parallel, one end of each airflow passage being connected to the hydrogen storage system via a pipeline, and the other end of each airflow passage being connected to a corresponding leakage port of the leakage port simulation device, for simulating various hydrogen leakage conditions of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. A plurality of airflow branches are arranged in parallel on each airflow passage, and each airflow branch is provided with a corresponding fluid control mechanism for controlling the on-off of the pipeline, and different airflow branches regulate the leakage gas flow rate through different leakage control methods; wherein, the leakage control method includes: providing a gas flow control component, and jointly controlling the pressure in the pipeline and the size of the leakage port connected to one end of the corresponding airflow branch;

[0010] The data acquisition system includes a plurality of data acquisition units, which are distributed at various measured points of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and are used to collect hydrogen leakage concentration data;

[0011] The data storage and control system is used to store and analyze the data collected by the data acquisition system and to control the on and off of the pipelines on each air flow branch by controlling the switch of the fluid control mechanism. The data storage and control system is connected to the data acquisition system, the fluid control mechanism on each air flow branch in the flow control system, and the gas flow control component through data lines.

[0012] Preferably, the gas control valve includes a first pressure reducing valve for adjusting the hydrogen pressure, a first solenoid valve for controlling the on-off of the pipeline connected to the hydrogen cylinder, and the first solenoid valve is connected to the data storage control system via a data line;

[0013] The fluid control mechanism is a solenoid valve correspondingly provided on each air flow branch, and the gas flow control component is a flow controller provided on the corresponding air flow branch;

[0014] The airflow passage includes a first airflow passage and a second airflow passage arranged in parallel. Each airflow branch corresponding to the first airflow passage regulates the leakage gas flow through a corresponding flow controller, and each airflow branch corresponding to the second airflow passage regulates the leakage gas flow by controlling the air pressure in the pipeline and the size of the leakage port connected to one end of the corresponding airflow branch.

[0015] Preferably, the first air flow passage is provided with two parallel-connected first air flow branches and a second air flow branch, and the first air flow branch and the second air flow branch respectively correspond to different hydrogen leakage working conditions;

[0016] The first air flow branch includes a fourth solenoid valve and a first flow controller connected in series, and the second air flow branch includes a fifth solenoid valve and a second flow controller connected in series;

[0017] Among them, the flow control ranges of the first flow controller and the second flow controller are different, which match the flow range of the hydrogen leakage working condition adapted to the corresponding air flow branch. The pressure range of the first flow controller and the second flow controller are both 0MPa-3MPa, and the inlet and outlet pressure differences do not exceed 0.5MPa.

[0018] Preferably, two third and fourth air flow branches arranged in parallel are provided on the second air flow path. The third air flow branch includes a sixth solenoid valve, a flow meter for detecting flow rate, and an eighth solenoid valve connected in series. The pressure range of the flow meter is 0MPa-10MPa, and the pipeline pressure is 70MPa. The eighth solenoid valve is located downstream of the flow meter. When the third air flow branch is selected for testing, the sixth and eighth solenoid valves need to be opened at the same time.

[0019] The fourth air flow branch is independently controlled by the seventh solenoid valve. When the fourth air flow branch is selected for a hydrogen leakage test, the seventh solenoid valve needs to be opened and the sixth solenoid valve and the eighth solenoid valve need to be closed at the same time. The pipeline connecting the third air flow branch and the fourth air flow branch is disconnected by the sixth solenoid valve and the eighth solenoid valve to avoid excessive pressure causing pressure explosion and damage to the flow meter.

[0020] Preferably, the leakage port simulation device comprises: a first leakage port and a second leakage port, the airflow path comprises a first airflow path and a second airflow path arranged in parallel, the first leakage port is connected to the first airflow path, and the second leakage port is connected to the second airflow path;

[0021] The leakage port simulation device simulates different hydrogen leakage conditions by adjusting the leakage port structure. The hydrogen leakage conditions include: leakage caused by loose hydrogen pipeline connectors, leakage from the cockpit air conditioning outlet, and leakage from low-pressure or high-pressure hydrogen pipeline ruptures. The low pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen pipeline rupture leakage is 0.8-1.3MPa, and the high pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline rupture leakage is higher than 1.3MPa, up to 70MPa.

[0022] Preferably, it further comprises an integrated box, one end of the plurality of airflow paths and each airflow branch is located in the integrated box, and the other ends of the plurality of airflow paths extend to the outside of the integrated box and are respectively connected to the corresponding leakage ports in the leakage port simulation device;

[0023] The integrated box is also connected to a nitrogen storage system, which includes a nitrogen cylinder, a second solenoid valve and a second pressure reducing valve for adjusting the nitrogen supply pressure. The nitrogen cylinder, the second solenoid valve and the second pressure reducing valve are all connected by pipelines, and the second solenoid valve is connected to the data storage and control system via a data line; the second pressure reducing valve also transports nitrogen into the integrated box through a pipeline, and an exhaust valve for adjusting the exhaust pressure is also provided on the integrated box, so that the air pressure in the integrated box always remains positive and the gas is discharged from the upper part of the integrated box.

[0024] Preferably, the nitrogen cylinder is also connected to a purge pipeline, a third solenoid valve is provided on the purge pipeline, and a purge nozzle is provided at the end of the purge pipeline, and nitrogen is sprayed through the purge nozzle to prevent the hydrogen concentration at the test site from being too high.

[0025] The present invention also provides a hydrogen leakage diffusion concentration monitoring test method for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, using the above-mentioned test device, the method comprises the following steps:

[0026] S1. Selecting a corresponding airflow branch according to the hydrogen leakage operating condition of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle;

[0027] S2. Adjust the gas control valve in the hydrogen storage system to adjust the gas supply pressure to the required range;

[0028] S3. Simultaneously adjust the leakage port simulation device to match the leakage point, leakage size, and leakage angle of the hydrogen leakage condition;

[0029] S4. Start the data acquisition system and control the corresponding airflow branch solenoid valve switch through the data storage control system to form a flow path and simulate hydrogen leakage through the leakage port;

[0030] S5. Collect hydrogen leakage concentration data in the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle through a data acquisition system, and transmit the data to the data storage and control system for storage and analysis.

[0031] Preferably, step S1 is specifically as follows:

[0032] If a hydrogen leakage test is conducted on a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle pipeline connector, and the leakage flow rate is 8mL / min-400mL / min, the first air flow branch is selected, the corresponding solenoid valves on other air flow branches are controlled to close, and the corresponding flow controllers are used to control the leakage flow rate;

[0033] If a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle cockpit hydrogen leakage test is conducted and the leakage flow rate is between 400 mL / min and 20 L / min, the second air flow branch is selected, the corresponding solenoid valves on other air flow branches are controlled to close, and the corresponding flow controller is used to control the leakage flow rate;

[0034] If a hydrogen leakage test of a low-pressure hydrogen transmission pipeline of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle or a hydrogen leakage test of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle cockpit is conducted, and the leakage flow rate is 20L / min-1000L / min, the third air flow branch is selected, the leakage pressure of the third air flow branch is controlled by the gas control valve, and the corresponding solenoid valves on other air flow branches are controlled to close;

[0035] If a hydrogen leakage test is conducted on a high-pressure hydrogen transmission pipeline of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and the leakage flow rate is higher than 1000 L / min, the fourth air flow branch is selected, the leakage pressure of the fourth air flow branch is controlled by the gas control valve, and the corresponding solenoid valves on other air flow branches are controlled and closed;

[0036] The fourth air flow branch leakage mass flow satisfies the function:

[0037]

[0038] Where d is the equivalent diameter of the leak port, P is the leak pressure, and T is the ambient temperature.

[0039] Preferably, the step further includes S6: during the test, when nitrogen needs to be introduced into the integrated box, the second solenoid valve is opened and the gas supply pressure is adjusted to the required pressure range; after the test is completed, the residual hydrogen is removed by nitrogen purge.

[0040] Beneficial effects:

[0041] (1) The present invention is conducive to testing and analyzing the diffusion characteristics of hydrogen after leakage of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles by rationally constructing a hydrogen leakage and diffusion test platform for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and a complete data acquisition and data storage control system. The research results can assist in formulating and implementing emergency response plans for hydrogen leakage accidents of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, prevent and avoid the occurrence of hydrogen leakage fire and explosion accidents, and are of great value to the safe application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0042] (2) The hydrogen leakage diffusion concentration monitoring test device for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles of the present invention has the advantages of being able to simulate different hydrogen leakage conditions of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, remote control, and safe experimental process. In addition, the experimental system and data acquisition process are clear and easy to operate for experimental research. It has high reliability and is easy to promote and apply.

[0043] (3) The data acquisition units of the present invention are distributed at various measured points of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. The layout of the data acquisition points is mainly based on the actual body structure design of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, covering the key points that need to be monitored for four typical leakage types. The use of this monitoring point design scheme can monitor the hydrogen diffusion process after hydrogen leakage, fully measure the hydrogen data after leakage, and avoid the uniform setting of data acquisition points. It provides a reference for the layout of hydrogen sensors by automobile companies in the actual vehicle manufacturing process, and provides a reference for the design of emergency response plans for fire rescue personnel after a traffic accident. This can improve the utilization rate of the data acquisition unit to a certain extent, thereby reducing the testing cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] The drawings and descriptions that constitute part of this application are intended to provide a further understanding of this application. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of this application are intended to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation on this application. Among them:

[0045] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of hydrogen sensor collection points of the data acquisition system of the present invention;

[0047] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. Gas supply system; 11. Hydrogen cylinder; 12. Nitrogen cylinder; 13. First pressure reducing valve; 14. Second pressure reducing valve; 15. First solenoid valve; 16. Second solenoid valve; 17. Third solenoid valve; 18. Pipeline; 2. Integrated box; 21. Fourth solenoid valve; 22. Fifth solenoid valve; 23. Sixth solenoid valve; 24. Seventh solenoid valve; 25. First flow controller; 26. Second flow controller; 27. Flow meter; 28. Eighth solenoid valve; 29. ​​Exhaust valve; 3. Data storage and control system; 31. Data cable; 4. Data acquisition system; 5. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; 51. First leakage port; 52. Second leakage port; 53. Purge nozzle; 6. First air flow path; 7. Second air flow path. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] A hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen leakage diffusion concentration monitoring test device 100 includes: a hydrogen storage system, a flow control system, a leakage port simulation device, a data acquisition system 4, and a data storage control system 3;

[0049] The hydrogen storage system is a gas supply system 1 for providing hydrogen, which includes a hydrogen cylinder 11 and a gas control valve. The gas control valve includes a first pressure reducing valve 13 for adjusting the hydrogen pressure and a first solenoid valve 15 for controlling the on-off of the pipeline connected to the hydrogen cylinder 11. The hydrogen cylinder 11, the first pressure reducing valve, and the first solenoid valve are all connected by a pipeline.

[0050] The flow control system comprises a plurality of parallel airflow passages, one end of each airflow passage being connected to the hydrogen storage system and the other end being connected to a corresponding leakage port. A plurality of airflow branches are arranged in parallel on each airflow passage, each airflow branch being provided with a corresponding fluid control mechanism for controlling the on / off of the pipeline, and different airflow branches regulating the leakage gas flow rate through different leakage control methods. The leakage control methods include: setting a gas flow control component, the pressure in the pipeline, and the size of the leakage port connected to one end of the corresponding airflow branch;

[0051] The fluid control mechanism is a solenoid valve correspondingly provided on each air flow branch, and the gas flow control component is a flow controller provided on the corresponding air flow branch;

[0052] This solution preferably uses two parallel airflow paths. In actual operation, setting up two airflow paths is simpler, requiring only two pipes to be connected, making transportation and assembly easier. In this solution, the airflow paths include a first airflow path 6 and a second airflow path 7 arranged in parallel. The first airflow path and the second airflow path are connected in parallel as the first airflow path, and the third airflow path and the fourth airflow path are connected in parallel as the second airflow path.

[0053] Specifically:

[0054] The first air flow passage 6 is provided with two parallel-connected first air flow branches and a second air flow branch; the first air flow branch and the second air flow branch correspond to different hydrogen leakage conditions respectively;

[0055] The first air flow branch includes a fourth solenoid valve 21 and a first flow controller 25 connected in series, and the second air flow branch includes a fifth solenoid valve 22 and a second flow controller 26 connected in series; wherein the pressure range of the first flow controller 25 and the second flow controller 26 are both 0MPa-3MPa, and the inlet and outlet pressure differences do not exceed 0.5MPa. The flow ranges of the hydrogen leakage simulation conditions applicable to the first and second air flow branches are relatively small. The flow ranges controlled by the first flow controller 25 and the second flow controller 26 are different, and match the flow ranges of the hydrogen leakage conditions adapted by the corresponding air flow branches; the first and second air flow branches can control the leakage gas flow through the corresponding flow controllers;

[0056] Two parallel third air flow branches and fourth air flow branches are set on the second air flow path 7. The third air flow branch includes a flow meter 27 for detecting flow, a sixth solenoid valve 23 and an eighth solenoid valve 28 connected in series and arranged upstream of the flow meter 27. The pressure range of the flow meter 27 is 0MPa-10MPa, and the pipeline 18 is 70MPa. In addition to the sixth solenoid valve 23 on the third air flow branch, the device is also provided with an eighth solenoid valve 28 for safety protection downstream of the flow meter 27. The eighth solenoid valve 28 is used to separate the third air flow branch from the fourth air flow branch to prevent the flow meter of the third air flow branch from being crushed when the high-pressure gas transmission pipeline of the fourth air flow branch is working. When the third air flow branch is selected for testing, the sixth solenoid valve 23 and the eighth solenoid valve 28 need to be opened at the same time.

[0057] The fourth air flow branch is independently controlled by the seventh solenoid valve 24. No flow meter or flow controller is involved on the fourth air flow branch to avoid the flow controller / flow meter from being crushed when the pipeline pressure is too high. When the fourth air flow branch is selected for testing, the seventh solenoid valve 24 needs to be opened and the sixth solenoid valve 23 and the eighth solenoid valve 28 need to be closed at the same time to avoid the flow meter on the third air flow branch from being crushed. The flow rate can be controlled on the third and fourth air flow branches by adjusting the gas pressure in the pipeline and the leakage diameter of the corresponding air flow branch connection. The design of this solution is more reasonable to avoid the flow controller / flow meter from being crushed and causing a large amount of hydrogen to leak out.

[0058] On the basis of this solution, the gas supply system 1 also includes a nitrogen storage system for providing nitrogen, which includes a nitrogen cylinder 12, a second solenoid valve 16 and a second pressure reducing valve 14 for adjusting the nitrogen supply pressure. The nitrogen cylinder 12, the second solenoid valve 16 and the second pressure reducing valve 14 are connected by a pipeline. The nitrogen cylinder 12 is also connected to a purge pipeline. A third solenoid valve 17 is provided on the purge pipeline. A purge nozzle 53 is provided at the end of the purge pipeline. The device is provided with a nitrogen storage system and a nitrogen purge nozzle. When the hydrogen concentration at the test site is high or after the test is completed, nitrogen is purged through the purge nozzle 53 to remove hydrogen to prevent explosion.

[0059] On the basis of this solution, an integrated box 2 is also provided. One end of the two air flow paths and each air flow branch are located in the integrated box 2. The other end of the two air flow paths extends to the outside of the integrated box 2 and is connected to a leakage port corresponding to the leakage port simulation device. The integrated box 2 is also connected to the hydrogen storage system and the nitrogen storage system through a pipeline. The second solenoid valve 16 of the nitrogen storage system is connected to the first solenoid valve 15 of the hydrogen storage system. When the first solenoid valve 15 is closed, the data storage control system 3 controls the second solenoid valve 16 to open, and nitrogen can be introduced into the air flow branch as needed. The second pressure reducing valve 14 of the nitrogen storage system is also connected to the lower part of the integrated box 2 through a pipeline 18. The integrated box 2 is also connected to an exhaust valve 29. During the hydrogen leakage test , the second pressure reducing valve 14 maintains the nitrogen supply pressure to be adjusted to an appropriate range. In this solution, more connectors are placed in the integrated box 2, correspondingly, fewer connectors are required on the integrated box 2, and the connectors in parallel with the air flow branches are inside the box. There is a nitrogen atmosphere inside the box, which can prevent hydrogen leakage from occurring in places with more connectors, that is, avoid hydrogen leakage accidents caused by loose connectors, and configure the exhaust valve 29 to adjust the exhaust pressure to an appropriate range, so that the air pressure in the integrated box 2 always remains positive and the gas is discharged from the upper part of the integrated box 2, and the nitrogen ejected through the exhaust valve 29 can ensure the nitrogen atmosphere around the operator, and the nitrogen purging the nozzle can further ensure the nitrogen atmosphere at the leakage port, further ensuring the safety of the experiment.

[0060] The leakage port simulation device includes a leakage port correspondingly connected to the other end of the airflow path, thereby simulating various hydrogen leakage conditions of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle 5; the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle 5 includes hydrogen fuel cell vehicles with seven seats or less and hydrogen fuel cell buses with more than seven seats.

[0061] The leakage port simulation device includes: a first leakage port 51 and a second leakage port 52, wherein the first leakage port 51 is connected to the first air flow path, and the second leakage port 52 is connected to the second air flow path;

[0062] The leakage port simulation device simulates different hydrogen leakage conditions by adjusting the corresponding leakage port structure. The hydrogen leakage conditions include: micro-leakage caused by loose hydrogen pipeline connectors in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, leakage from the cockpit air conditioning outlet, and leakage from low-pressure or high-pressure hydrogen pipeline ruptures; among which the low pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen pipeline rupture leakage is 0.8-1.3MPa, and the high pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline rupture leakage is higher than 1.3MPa, up to 70MPa.

[0063] The hydrogen transmission pipeline connector has a micro-leakage: the corresponding leakage port can be set to: a connector connected to the pipeline of the first airflow path, and loosening the connector can simulate the hydrogen leakage caused by the loose pipeline connector.

[0064] Cockpit hydrogen leakage: Make a nozzle that simulates the air conditioner leakage, and connect it to the pipe of the first air flow path to simulate the air conditioner sucking external hydrogen into the car;

[0065] When conducting a hydrogen leakage test in the cockpit of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, the doors and windows may all be closed. The leakage port and corresponding nitrogen purge pipeline in this solution can enter the cockpit through the window (lower the window by about 1 cm, insert the pipeline, and then use tape to seal the window to achieve the cockpit window-closed test condition). After the experiment, nitrogen can be sprayed to reduce the hydrogen concentration in the vehicle to below the explosion limit before opening the door to ensure experimental safety.

[0066] Hydrogen leakage from rupture of low-pressure or high-pressure hydrogen pipelines: Nozzles of different diameters are connected to the hydrogen pipelines of the second gas flow path to simulate such leakage orifices.

[0067] Select the corresponding airflow path based on the hydrogen leakage working condition of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. Each airflow path meets different flow ranges. The specific settings are as follows:

[0068] When hydrogen leakage occurs due to loose connections of the hydrogen transmission pipeline, the flow rate range of the first air flow branch corresponding to the micro-leakage of the hydrogen transmission pipeline connection is 8mL / min-400mL / min. This avoids the situation where the hydrogen leakage flow rate is too small and the hydrogen leakage speed is lower than the hydrogen diffusion speed, and the hydrogen sensor cannot detect the leaked hydrogen. In addition, the setting is more reasonable by fully combining the ratio of the maximum flow rate to the minimum flow rate controlled by the flow controller.

[0069] The second air flow branch corresponding to the cockpit hydrogen leakage condition meets the flow range of 400mL / min-20L / min, which fully combines the flow range of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle's onboard air conditioning (10L / min-20L / min) with the ratio of the maximum flow to the minimum flow controlled by the flow controller;

[0070] The hydrogen leakage flow rate range of the low-pressure hydrogen transmission pipeline rupture is 20L / min-1000L / min, which fully combines the internal pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen transmission pipeline (1.3MPa), the leakage diameter (minimum 0.5mm) and the ratio of the maximum flow rate to the minimum flow rate controlled by the flow meter;

[0071] When a high-pressure hydrogen transmission pipeline ruptures and hydrogen leaks, the pipeline is not equipped with a flow meter or flow controller. The leakage flow is controlled only by the pressure inside the pipeline and the corresponding leakage diameter. This is to avoid damage to the flow meter or flow controller when the leakage flow and the pressure inside the pipeline are extremely large, which may lead to a hydrogen leakage accident. Under this working condition, the specific leakage flow calculation method is as follows:

[0072]

[0073] Where d is the equivalent diameter of the leak port, P is the leak pressure, and T is the ambient temperature.

[0074] In summary, each airflow path is suitable for hydrogen leakage simulation in different flow ranges as follows:

[0075] First air flow split: 8 mL / min–400 mL / min;

[0076] Second air flow split: 400 mL / min–20 L / min;

[0077] The third air flow branch: 20L / min–1000L / min;

[0078] Fourth air flow branch: higher than 1000L / min.

[0079] The minimum flow rate or maximum flow rate limit designed for the above-mentioned flow range of each pipeline ensures the continuity of the designed flow rate of the test platform to adapt to more hydrogen leakage conditions.

[0080] The data acquisition system 4 includes at least 20 data acquisition units, each of which uses a high-precision hydrogen concentration sensor. Multiple data acquisition units are arranged according to the hydrogen leakage test requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and distributed at various tested points of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle 5 for collecting data;

[0081] Specifically, the hydrogen concentration sensor is set at the following locations:

[0082] The working condition is a slight leakage of the hydrogen pipeline connector:

[0083] Corresponding hydrogen concentration sensors are installed at each bottle valve, pressure reducing valve, and connector in the vehicle chassis to monitor hydrogen leakage. This can effectively monitor hydrogen leakage caused by wear or damage to the bottle valve and pressure reducing valve due to frequent opening and closing during vehicle operation.

[0084] The working condition is hydrogen leakage in the cockpit:

[0085] Ten sensors are arranged at equal intervals on the cockpit ceiling along the leakage direction, which are set as sensor array 1 and named SA1-SA10 in sequence.

[0086] Set up sensor array 2 at any point between SA1 and SA4 (preferably SA1). Sensor array 2 is perpendicular to sensor array 1. Sensor array 2 has 9 sensors arranged at equal intervals, which are named SA11-SA19 in sequence.

[0087] A sensor array 3 is set at any one of SA5-SA10 (preferably SA5). The sensor array 3 is perpendicular to the sensor array 1. Nine sensors are arranged at equal intervals in the sensor array 3 and are named SA20-SA28 in sequence.

[0088] The 28 sensors can effectively monitor the hydrogen diffusion process on the roof after hydrogen leakage, providing experimental data reference for the optimal design of sensor layout points for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0089] Ten sensors are arranged at equal intervals along the leakage direction under the cockpit seat headrests, forming sensor array 4, and are named SA41-SA50 in sequence.

[0090] A sensor array 5 is set at any one of SA41-SA44 (preferably SA44). The sensor array 5 is perpendicular to the sensor array 4. Nine sensors are arranged at equal intervals in the sensor array 5 and are named SA51-SA59 in sequence.

[0091] A sensor array 6 is set at any one of SA45-SA50 (preferably SA50). The sensor array 6 is perpendicular to the sensor array 4. Nine sensors are arranged at equal intervals in the sensor array 6 and are named SA60-SA68 in sequence.

[0092] 28 sensors can effectively monitor the hydrogen diffusion process under the seat headrest after hydrogen leakage. The experimental data obtained can provide data reference for whether hydrogen leakage from hydrogen fuel cells will cause suffocation risks to drivers and passengers.

[0093] Ten sensors are arranged at equal intervals from the top of the cockpit to the bottom of the cockpit at SA3 in the vertical direction of the front seats and the vertical direction of the rear seats, setting it as sensor array 7, and are named SA71-SA80 in sequence.

[0094] At SA7, 10 sensors are arranged at equal intervals from the top to the bottom of the cockpit, forming sensor array 8, and are named SA81-SA90 in sequence.

[0095] The 20 sensors can effectively monitor the vertical distribution of hydrogen concentration in the cockpit after a hydrogen leak. The obtained experimental data can provide data reference for whether hydrogen leakage from a hydrogen fuel cell will pose a suffocation hazard to the driver and passengers.

[0096] The working condition is hydrogen leakage from a rupture in a low-pressure / high-pressure hydrogen transmission pipeline:

[0097] Based on the layout of hydrogen sensors for chassis micro-leakage conditions, corresponding sensors also need to be arranged outside the vehicle.

[0098] Left side of the vehicle:

[0099] The distances are 0.1m from the vehicle to 0.1m from the ground, 0.1m from the vehicle to 0.5m from the ground, 0.1m from the vehicle to 1m from the ground, 0.1m from the vehicle to 1.5m from the ground, 0.1m from the vehicle to 2m from the ground, 0.5m from the vehicle to 0.1m from the ground, 0.5m from the vehicle to 0.5m from the ground, 0.5m from the vehicle to 1m from the ground, 0.5m from the vehicle to 1.5m from the ground, 0.5m from the vehicle to 2m from the ground, 1m from the vehicle to 0.1m from the ground, 1m from the vehicle to 0.5m from the ground, 1m from the vehicle to 1m from the ground, 1m from the vehicle to 1.5m from the ground, and 1m from the vehicle to 0.1m from the ground. Ten sensors are arranged parallel to the left side of the vehicle from the front to the rear at 1m from the vehicle to 2m from the ground, 1.5m from the vehicle to 0.1m from the ground, 1.5m from the vehicle to 0.5m from the ground, 1.5m from the vehicle to 1m from the ground, 1.5m from the vehicle to 1.5m from the ground, 1.5m from the vehicle to 2m from the ground, 2m from the vehicle to 0.1m from the ground, 2m from the vehicle to 0.5m from the ground, 2m from the vehicle to 1m from the ground, 2m from the vehicle to 1.5m from the ground, and 2m from the vehicle to 2m from the ground. These sensors can effectively monitor the hydrogen diffusion pattern on the left side of the vehicle after hydrogen leakage from a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, providing a reference for the design of emergency response plans.

[0100] The layout of hydrogen sensors on the front, rear and right side of the vehicle is the same as that on the left side of the vehicle.

[0101] This monitoring point design scheme covers the key points that need to be monitored for four typical leakage types. It can monitor the hydrogen diffusion process after hydrogen leakage, fully measure the hydrogen data after the leakage, and avoid the uniform distribution of data collection points. It provides a reference for automobile companies to arrange hydrogen sensors in the actual vehicle manufacturing process, and provides a reference for the design of emergency response plans for fire rescue personnel after traffic accidents. This can improve the utilization rate of data acquisition units to a certain extent, thereby reducing testing costs.

[0102] The data storage and control system 3 is a control device having a storage module, a display module, an analysis module, a processing module, etc. The data storage and control system 3 can not only be used to store and analyze the data collected by the data acquisition system 4, but also can be used to control the on and off of the pipelines on each air flow branch by controlling the switch of the fluid control mechanism. The data storage and control system 3 is respectively connected to the data acquisition system 4 and the corresponding solenoid valves and flow controllers on each air flow branch in the flow control system through data lines 31.

[0103] A hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen leakage diffusion concentration monitoring test method, using the above-mentioned test device, specifically includes the following steps:

[0104] S1. Select the corresponding air flow path according to the hydrogen leakage working condition of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle;

[0105] Specifically in S1:

[0106] If a hydrogen micro-leakage test is conducted on a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle pipeline connector, and the leakage flow rate is 8 mL / min-400 mL / min, the first air flow branch is selected, the corresponding solenoid valves on the other air flow branches are controlled to close, and the leakage flow rate is controlled by the first flow controller 25;

[0107] If a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle cockpit hydrogen leakage test is conducted and the leakage flow rate is 400 mL / min-20 L / min, the second air flow branch is selected, the corresponding solenoid valves on other air flow branches are controlled to close, and the second flow controller 26 is used to control the leakage flow rate;

[0108] If a cockpit hydrogen leakage test is conducted (in the case of a vehicle structure damage caused by a car accident, etc., and the flow rate is relatively large) or a hydrogen leakage test of a low-pressure hydrogen transmission pipeline of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, when the leakage flow rate is 20L / min-1000L / min, the third air flow branch is selected, and the leakage pressure of the third air flow branch is controlled by the first pressure reducing valve 13. When the third air flow branch is selected for the test, the sixth solenoid valve 23 and the eighth solenoid valve 28 need to be opened at the same time;

[0109] If a hydrogen leakage test is conducted on a high-pressure hydrogen transmission pipeline for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, and the leakage flow rate is higher than 1000 L / min, the fourth air flow branch is selected, and the leakage pressure of the fourth air flow branch is controlled by the first pressure reducing valve 13. When the fourth air flow branch is selected for the test, the seventh solenoid valve 24 must be opened and the sixth solenoid valve 23 and the eighth solenoid valve 28 must be closed at the same time to prevent the extremely high gas pressure in the pipeline from damaging the flow meter 27.

[0110] S2. According to the hydrogen leakage working condition requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, the gas supply pressure is adjusted to a required reasonable pressure range by controlling the first pressure reducing valve 13 in the hydrogen supply system;

[0111] S3. According to the hydrogen leakage working condition requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, the leakage port structure of the leakage port simulation device is adjusted to match the leakage point, leakage size, and leakage angle of the hydrogen leakage working condition;

[0112] S4. Based on the hydrogen leakage working condition requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, reasonably arrange the layout points of each data acquisition unit in the data acquisition system, start the data acquisition system 4, and control the corresponding airflow shunt solenoid valve switch through the data storage control system to form a flow path, and simulate hydrogen leakage through the leakage port;

[0113] S5. Collect hydrogen leakage concentration data of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle through the data acquisition system 4 and transmit the data to the data storage and control system for storage and analysis;

[0114] S6. During the test, when nitrogen needs to be introduced into the integrated box 2, the second solenoid valve 16 is opened, and the second pressure reducing valve 14 is adjusted to adjust the supply pressure to the required pressure range; after the test is completed, the residual hydrogen is removed by nitrogen purge.

[0115] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with specific embodiments. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the present application and does not limit the present application. In fact, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present application without departing from the scope or spirit of the present application. For example, a feature shown or described as part of one embodiment can be used in another embodiment to produce yet another embodiment. Based on the embodiments in the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art should fall within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0116] Example 1

[0117] When simulating a hydrogen leakage condition caused by loosening of the hydrogen pipeline connector of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, this embodiment places the hydrogen pipeline of the first air flow path in the chassis of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, and connects the hydrogen pipeline of the first air flow path to the connector. Loosening the connector can form a first leakage port 51, and the leakage angle can be controlled by adjusting the angle of the connector as needed.

[0118] At this time, the hydrogen leakage flow range is: 8-400mL / min. The first air flow branch is selected, and according to the pressure range of the first flow controller 0-3MPa and the left and right pressure difference range 0-0.5MPa, the hydrogen pressure supplied by the hydrogen cylinder 11 is adjusted by controlling the first pressure reducing valve 13.

[0119] The data storage control system 3 opens the first solenoid valve 15 through the data line 31 to control the hydrogen storage system to start supplying gas, and controls the first flow controller 25 to adjust the flow rate of leaked hydrogen.

[0120] The data storage control system 3 opens the fourth electromagnetic valve 21 through the data line 31 , the pipeline is connected, and hydrogen leaks from the first leakage port 51 .

[0121] The data storage control system 3 is controlled to start the data acquisition system 4 , and the data acquisition system 4 collects hydrogen leakage concentration data of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in real time and transmits it back to the data storage control system 3 .

[0122] In order to improve the accuracy of the experiment and avoid accidental errors, the experiment can be repeated 2-3 times and the average value can be taken as the measurement value.

[0123] Adjust the experimental parameters according to the experimental content requirements to conduct the next set of experiments and repeat the above steps.

[0124] Example 2

[0125] If a hydrogen leakage accident occurs in a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, when the cockpit air conditioning is in the external circulation state, the leaked hydrogen will be sucked into the vehicle. When simulating a leakage at the cockpit air conditioning outlet, a nozzle simulating the air conditioning leakage outlet is made, which is the first leakage outlet 51 of this embodiment, connected to the hydrogen transmission pipeline of the first air flow path, and placed at the cockpit air conditioning outlet to simulate the hydrogen leakage condition of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle cockpit. The leakage angle is controlled by adjusting the nozzle angle as needed. At this time, the flow range is 400mL / min-20L / min, so the second air flow branch is selected, and the hydrogen pressure supplied by the hydrogen cylinder 11 is adjusted by controlling the first pressure reducing valve 13 according to the pressure range of the first flow controller 0-3MPa and the left and right pressure difference range 0-0.5MPa.

[0126] The data storage control system 3 opens the first solenoid valve 15 through the data line 31 to control the hydrogen storage system to start supplying gas, and controls the second flow controller 26 to adjust the flow rate of leaked hydrogen.

[0127] The data storage control system 3 opens the fifth solenoid valve 22 through the data line 31 , the pipelines are connected, and hydrogen leaks from the first leakage port 51 .

[0128] The data storage control system 3 is controlled to start the data acquisition system 4 , and the data acquisition system 4 collects hydrogen leakage concentration data of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in real time and transmits it back to the data storage control system 3 .

[0129] In order to improve the accuracy of the experiment and avoid accidental errors, the experiment can be repeated 2-3 times and the average value can be taken as the measurement value.

[0130] Adjust the experimental parameters according to the experimental content requirements to conduct the next set of experiments and repeat the above steps.

[0131] Example 3

[0132] When rupture occurs in the low-pressure hydrogen transmission pipeline of a simulated hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, a nozzle of corresponding caliber is connected to the hydrogen transmission pipeline of the second air flow path to simulate such a leakage orifice, and it is placed at the rupture of the hydrogen transmission pipeline in the chassis to match the situation where the hydrogen transmission pipeline rupture causes hydrogen leakage. The leakage angle can be controlled by adjusting the nozzle angle.

[0133] At this time, the flow range will reach 20L / min-1000L / min, so the third air flow branch is selected, and the pressure of the hydrogen supplied by the hydrogen cylinder 11 is adjusted by controlling the first pressure reducing valve 13 according to the flow meter pressure range of 0-10MPa.

[0134] The data storage control system 3 opens the first solenoid valve 15 via the data line 31 to control the hydrogen supply system to start supplying gas.

[0135] The data storage control system 3 opens the sixth solenoid valve 23 and the eighth solenoid valve 28 through the data line 31 , the pipelines are connected, and hydrogen leaks from the second leakage port 52 .

[0136] The data storage control system 3 is controlled to start the data acquisition system 4 , and the data acquisition system 4 collects hydrogen leakage concentration data of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in real time and transmits it back to the data storage control system 3 .

[0137] In order to improve the accuracy of the experiment and avoid accidental errors, the experiment can be repeated 2-3 times and the average value can be taken as the measurement value.

[0138] Adjust the experimental parameters according to the experimental content requirements to conduct the next set of experiments and repeat the above steps.

[0139] Example 4

[0140] When simulating the operating condition of a rupture in the high-pressure hydrogen transmission pipeline of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, this embodiment connects a nozzle of corresponding caliber to the hydrogen transmission pipeline of the second air flow path to simulate such a leakage orifice, and places it at the rupture of the hydrogen transmission pipeline in the chassis to match the situation where the hydrogen transmission pipeline rupture causes hydrogen leakage. The leakage angle can be controlled by adjusting the nozzle angle.

[0141] At this time, the flow range will reach more than 1000L / min, so the fourth air flow branch is selected, and the hydrogen pressure supplied by the hydrogen cylinder 11 is adjusted by controlling the first pressure reducing valve 13 according to the working conditions of the hydrogen leakage experiment of the hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen vehicle.

[0142] The data storage control system 3 opens the first solenoid valve 15 via the data line 31 to control the hydrogen supply system to start supplying gas.

[0143] The data storage control system 3 opens the seventh solenoid valve 24 through the data line 31 , the pipeline is connected, and hydrogen leaks from the second leakage port 52 .

[0144] The data storage control system 3 is controlled to start the data acquisition system 4 , and the data acquisition system 4 collects hydrogen leakage concentration data of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in real time and transmits it back to the data storage control system 3 .

[0145] In order to improve the accuracy of the experiment and avoid accidental errors, the experiment can be repeated 2-3 times and the average value can be taken as the measurement value.

[0146] Adjust the experimental parameters according to the experimental content requirements to conduct the next set of experiments and repeat the above steps.

[0147] In the above embodiments, the test devices can also be provided with a nitrogen storage system for providing nitrogen and serving as a safety measure. The nitrogen storage system includes a nitrogen cylinder 12, a second solenoid valve 16, and a second pressure reducing valve 14 for adjusting the nitrogen supply pressure. The nitrogen cylinder 12 sprays nitrogen from the lower part of the integrated box into the integrated box 2 through the second pressure reducing valve 14 and the pipeline 18; the exhaust valve 29 at the upper part of the integrated box controls the discharge of gas in the integrated box 2 and maintains a positive pressure state in the integrated box 2 at all times, thereby preventing hydrogen leakage due to loose pipe connections in the integrated box, which leads to hydrogen accumulation and further fire and explosion accidents.

[0148] The nitrogen cylinder 12 is also connected to a purge pipeline, which is provided with a third solenoid valve 17, and a purge nozzle 53 is provided at the end of the purge pipeline; the nitrogen cylinder 12 controls the nitrogen purge state of the purge nozzle 53 through the second pressure reducing valve 14 and the third solenoid valve 17. When the data storage and control system 3 successfully stores the required hydrogen concentration data, the test environment is purged through the purge nozzle 53. After the purge is completed, all valves are closed, and the hydrogen leakage test of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is completed.

[0149] Therefore, based on the hydrogen leakage test device for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle provided in Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4, if an uncontrolled hydrogen leakage accident occurs, the specific emergency measures are as follows:

[0150] The second pressure reducing valve 14 adjusts the nitrogen pressure to an appropriate range; the first solenoid valve 15 is closed, cutting off the hydrogen supply pipeline of the hydrogen cylinder 11; the second solenoid valve 16, the third solenoid valve 17, and the fourth solenoid valve 21 are opened, and the pipeline is connected to the nitrogen cylinder 12, and the high-pressure nitrogen is ejected through the exhaust valve 29, the first leakage port 51, and the purge nozzle 53, thereby achieving the purpose of diluting the hydrogen concentration in the test environment and reducing the possibility of fire and explosion.

[0151] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0152] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations are readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen leakage and diffusion concentration monitoring test device, comprising a hydrogen storage system, a flow control system, a leakage port simulation device, a data acquisition system, and a data storage control system, characterized in that: Hydrogen storage system, including hydrogen cylinders and gas control valves; The flow control system comprises multiple airflow paths arranged in parallel, one end of each airflow path being connected to the hydrogen storage system via a pipeline, and the other end of each airflow path being connected to a corresponding leakage port of a leakage port simulation device, for simulating various hydrogen leakage conditions of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Multiple airflow branches are arranged in parallel on each airflow path, and each airflow branch is provided with a corresponding fluid control mechanism for controlling the on / off of the pipeline. Different airflow branches regulate the leakage gas flow rate through different leakage control methods. The leakage control methods include: providing a gas flow control component, and controlling the pressure in the pipeline in combination with the size of the leakage port connected to one end of the corresponding airflow branch. The fluid control mechanism is a solenoid valve corresponding to each air flow branch, and the gas flow control assembly is a flow controller provided on the corresponding air flow branch. The multi-way air flow path includes a first air flow path and a second air flow path provided in parallel. Each air flow path corresponding to the first air flow path regulates the leakage gas flow through the corresponding flow controller, and each air flow path corresponding to the second air flow path regulates the leakage gas flow by controlling the air pressure in the pipeline and the size of the leakage port connected to one end of the corresponding air flow path. The first air flow passage is provided with two parallel-connected first air flow branches and a second air flow branch, the first air flow branch and the second air flow branch corresponding to different hydrogen leakage working conditions respectively; The second air flow path is provided with two parallel third air flow branches and a fourth air flow branch. The third air flow branch includes a sixth solenoid valve, a flow meter for detecting flow, and an eighth solenoid valve connected in series. The fourth air flow branch is independently controlled by the seventh solenoid valve. The data acquisition system includes multiple data acquisition units, which are distributed at various measured points of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle to collect hydrogen leakage concentration data; The data storage and control system is used to store and analyze the data collected by the data acquisition system, and to control the on and off of the pipelines on each air flow branch by controlling the switch of the fluid control mechanism. The data storage and control system is connected to the data acquisition system, the fluid control mechanism on each air flow branch in the flow control system, and the gas flow control component through data lines.

2. The hydrogen leakage and diffusion concentration monitoring test device for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas control valve includes a first pressure reducing valve for adjusting the hydrogen pressure, a first solenoid valve for controlling the on-off of the pipeline connected to the hydrogen cylinder, and the first solenoid valve is connected to the data storage control system through a data line.

3. The hydrogen leakage and diffusion concentration monitoring test device for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first air flow branch includes a fourth solenoid valve and a first flow controller connected in series, and the second air flow branch includes a fifth solenoid valve and a second flow controller connected in series. Among them, the flow control ranges of the first flow controller and the second flow controller are different, which match the flow range of the hydrogen leakage working condition adapted to the corresponding air flow branch. The pressure range of the first flow controller and the second flow controller are both 0MPa-3MPa, and the inlet and outlet pressure difference does not exceed 0.5MPa.

4. The hydrogen leakage and diffusion concentration monitoring test device for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow meter has a pressure range of 0MPa-10MPa, and the pipeline has a pressure range of 70MPa. The eighth solenoid valve is located downstream of the flow meter. When the third air flow branch is selected for testing, the sixth and eighth solenoid valves must be opened at the same time. When the fourth air flow branch is selected for hydrogen leakage test, the seventh solenoid valve needs to be opened and the sixth and eighth solenoid valves need to be closed at the same time. The pipeline connecting the third air flow branch and the fourth air flow branch needs to be disconnected through the sixth and eighth solenoid valves to avoid excessive pressure that may cause the flow meter to explode and be damaged.

5. The hydrogen leakage and diffusion concentration monitoring test device for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leakage port simulation device includes: a first leakage port and a second leakage port, and the air flow path includes a first air flow path and a second air flow path arranged in parallel, the first leakage port is connected to the first air flow path, and the second leakage port is connected to the second air flow path; The leakage port simulation device simulates different hydrogen leakage conditions by adjusting the leakage port structure. The hydrogen leakage conditions include: leakage caused by loose hydrogen pipeline connectors, leakage from the cockpit air-conditioning outlet, and leakage from low-pressure or high-pressure hydrogen pipeline ruptures. The low pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen pipeline rupture leakage is 0.8-1.3MPa, and the high pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline rupture leakage is higher than 1.3MPa, and the highest is 70MPa.

6. The hydrogen leakage and diffusion concentration monitoring test device for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device further comprises an integrated box, wherein one end of the plurality of air flow paths and each air flow branch are located in the integrated box, and the other ends of the plurality of air flow paths extend to the outside of the integrated box and are respectively connected to the corresponding leakage ports in the leakage port simulation device; The integrated box is also connected to a nitrogen storage system, which includes a nitrogen cylinder, a second solenoid valve and a second pressure reducing valve for adjusting the nitrogen supply pressure. The nitrogen cylinder, the second solenoid valve and the second pressure reducing valve are all connected through pipelines, and the second solenoid valve is connected to the data storage control system through a data line; the second pressure reducing valve also transports nitrogen into the integrated box through a pipeline, and an exhaust valve for adjusting the exhaust pressure is also provided on the integrated box, so that the air pressure in the integrated box always remains positive and the gas is discharged from the upper part of the integrated box.

7. The hydrogen leakage and diffusion concentration monitoring test device for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that: The nitrogen cylinder is also connected to a purge pipeline, which is provided with a third solenoid valve. A purge nozzle is provided at the end of the purge pipeline, and nitrogen is sprayed through the purge nozzle to prevent the hydrogen concentration at the test site from being too high.

8. A hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen leakage diffusion concentration monitoring test method, characterized by: Using the test device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprises the following steps: S1. Select the corresponding air flow path according to the hydrogen leakage working condition of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; S2. Adjust the gas control valve in the hydrogen storage system to adjust the gas supply pressure to the required range; S3. Simultaneously adjust the leakage port simulation device to match the leakage point, leakage size, and leakage angle of the hydrogen leakage condition; S4. Start the data acquisition system and control the corresponding airflow branch solenoid valve switch through the data storage control system to form a flow path and simulate hydrogen leakage through the leakage port; S5. Collect hydrogen leakage concentration data in the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle through the data acquisition system, and transmit the data to the data storage and control system for storage and analysis.

9. The hydrogen leakage diffusion concentration monitoring test method for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step S1 is specifically as follows: If a hydrogen leakage test is conducted on a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle pipeline connector, and the leakage flow rate is 8mL / min-400mL / min, the first air flow branch is selected, the corresponding solenoid valves on other air flow branches are controlled to close, and the corresponding flow controllers are used to control the leakage flow rate; If a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle cockpit hydrogen leakage test is conducted and the leakage flow rate is between 400 mL / min and 20 L / min, the second air flow branch is selected, the corresponding solenoid valves on other air flow branches are controlled to close, and the corresponding flow controller is used to control the leakage flow rate; If a hydrogen leakage test is conducted on a low-pressure hydrogen transmission pipeline of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle or a hydrogen leakage test is conducted on a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle cockpit, when the leakage flow rate is 20L / min-1000L / min, the third air flow branch is selected, the leakage pressure of the third air flow branch is controlled by the gas control valve, and the corresponding solenoid valves on other air flow branches are controlled and closed; If a hydrogen leakage test is conducted on a high-pressure hydrogen transmission pipeline of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and the leakage flow rate is higher than 1000 L / min, the fourth air flow branch is selected, the leakage pressure of the fourth air flow branch is controlled by the gas control valve, and the corresponding solenoid valves on other air flow branches are controlled and closed; The leakage mass flow rate of the fourth air flow branch satisfies the function Where d is the equivalent diameter of the leak port, P is the leak pressure, and T is the ambient temperature.

10. The hydrogen leakage and diffusion concentration monitoring test method for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that: The steps also include S6. During the test, when nitrogen needs to be introduced into the integrated box, the second solenoid valve is opened and the gas supply pressure is adjusted to the required pressure range; after the test is completed, the residual hydrogen is removed by nitrogen purge.

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