Current measurement method and device based on magnetic aggregation NV color center and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a current measurement method and device based on a magnetic aggregation NV color center and a medium. The method comprises the steps that a plurality of to-be-measured magnetic field components of a magnetic field generated by a to-be-measured wire are obtained through an NV color center quantum measurement system, and a magnetic flux collector is arranged around an NV color center in the NV color center quantum measurement system; the environment temperature of the NV color center quantum measurement system and the distance between the NV color center and the wire to be measured are collected; and determining a predicted current value of the to-be-measured wire according to the plurality of to-be-measured magnetic field components, the environment temperature, the distance and a pre-trained current prediction model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electromagnetic field measurement and metrology technology, and more specifically, to a current measurement method, device and medium based on magnetically concentrated NV color centers. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of electronic devices and power systems, the demand for accurate current measurement is growing. Traditional current measurement methods, such as Hall effect sensors and ammeters, are limited by factors such as sensitivity, accuracy and size, and are difficult to meet the measurement needs of weak currents or in complex environments.

[0003] NV color centers have become a research hotspot for the new generation of quantum sensors due to their high sensitivity to magnetic fields and high spatial resolution at room temperature. However, the sensitivity of NV color center probes is limited by the strength of the magnetic field at the probe location. In some application scenarios, the magnetic field generated by the current to be measured is weak and difficult to be directly detected by the NV color center.

[0004] In order to enhance the detection capability of NV color center probes, some studies have tried to use flux concentrators to increase the magnetic field strength at the probe. However, the introduction of flux concentrators makes the magnetic field distribution complicated, and it is impossible to accurately calculate it through Maxwell's equations combined with the topological structure of the sensor, which brings challenges to the quantitative measurement of current. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a current measurement method, device and medium based on magnetically aggregated NV color centers.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a current measurement method based on magnetically concentrated NV color centers is provided, comprising:

[0007] An NV color center quantum measurement system is used to obtain multiple magnetic field components to be measured generated by the magnetic field of the conductor to be measured, wherein a magnetic flux concentrator is arranged around the NV color center in the NV color center quantum system;

[0008] Collect the ambient temperature of the NV color center quantum measurement system and the distance between the NV color center and the conductor to be measured;

[0009] The predicted current value of the conductor to be tested is determined according to multiple magnetic field components to be tested, ambient temperature, distance and a pre-trained current prediction model.

[0010] Optionally, the NV color center quantum measurement system includes: an NV color center, an optical system, a microwave system, and a signal processing unit, and the NV color center quantum measurement system is used to obtain multiple magnetic field components to be measured generated by the magnetic field of the conductor to be measured, including:

[0011] Under the preset microwave sweep parameters and laser excitation conditions, the fluorescence signal emitted by the NV color center is collected;

[0012] After processing the fluorescence signal by a lock-in amplifier, an optically detected magnetic resonance spectrum line is obtained;

[0013] Extract the resonance frequency of the optically detected magnetic resonance spectrum line, and determine the splitting frequency according to the frequency difference between the two resonance frequencies;

[0014] Calculate multiple magnetic field components to be measured according to the splitting frequency and the gyromagnetic ratio of electrons.

[0015] Optionally, the calculation formula for the magnetic field component B to be measured is:

[0016]

[0017] In the formula, Δf is the splitting frequency, and γ e is the gyromagnetic ratio of electrons.

[0018] Optionally, determining the predicted current value of the wire to be measured according to multiple magnetic field components to be measured, the ambient temperature, the distance, and a pre-trained current prediction model includes:

[0019] Normalize multiple magnetic field components to be measured respectively to obtain multiple normalized magnetic field components to be measured;

[0020] Input the multiple normalized magnetic field components to be measured, the ambient temperature, and the distance into the current prediction model, and output the predicted current value of the wire to be measured.

[0021] Optionally, the expression for normalization is:

[0022]

[0023] In the formula, B is the magnetic field component to be measured, and B norm is the normalized magnetic field component to be measured, and μ and σ are respectively the mean and standard deviation of the magnetic field component to be measured.

[0024] Optionally, the current prediction model adopts a multi-layer perceptron structure, and the loss function of the current prediction model is:

[0025]

[0026] In the formula, L(θ) is the loss function, and f θ is a neural network model with parameters θ, B N,i is the magnetic field measurement data, N is x, y, and z, T i is the temperature, D i is the distance between the NV color center and the wire to be measured, b i is the bias, and i is the number of data.

[0027] Optionally, it further includes: evaluating the prediction accuracy of the current prediction model using the mean squared error.

[0028] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a current measurement device based on magnetically focused NV centers, comprising:

[0029] An acquisition module, configured to acquire a plurality of magnetic field components to be measured of a magnetic field generated by a wire to be measured by using an NV center quantum measurement system, wherein a magnetic flux concentrator is arranged around the NV centers in the NV center quantum system;

[0030] A collection module, configured to collect the ambient temperature of the NV center quantum measurement system and the distance between the NV centers and the wire to be measured;

[0031] A determination module, configured to determine a predicted current value of the wire to be measured according to the plurality of magnetic field components to be measured, the ambient temperature, the distance, and a pre-trained current prediction model.

[0032] According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the method according to any one of the above aspects of the present invention.

[0033] According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electronic device, comprising: a processor; a memory for storing executable instructions executable by the processor; the processor is configured to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the method according to any one of the above aspects of the present invention.

[0034] Thus, the present invention indirectly improves the sensitivity of the probe by introducing a magnetic flux concentrator, and uses an MLP neural network model to fit the mapping relationship between the magnetic field and the current, so as to achieve high-precision measurement of the current to be measured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] By referring to the following drawings, the exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be more completely understood:

[0036] Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of a current measurement method based on magnetically focused NV centers provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic field generated by measuring single-phase current by an NV center ensemble provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a probe provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a trapezoidal magnetic flux concentrator and a single NV center probe provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the NV - center quantum measurement system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the optical fiber optical path system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the multi - layer perceptron model provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the ODMR curve provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the current measurement device based on magnetically - aggregated NV - centers provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 10 It is the structure of the electronic device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0046] Next, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited by the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0047] It should be noted that: Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangements of components and steps, numerical expressions and values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0048] Those skilled in the art can understand that terms such as "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to distinguish different steps, devices or modules, etc., and neither represent any specific technical meaning nor indicate an inevitable logical order between them.

[0049] It should also be understood that in the embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality of" may refer to two or more, and "at least one" may refer to one, two or more.

[0050] It should also be understood that for any component, data or structure mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention, in the absence of a clear definition or contrary indication in the context, it can generally be understood as one or more.

[0051] In addition, the term "and / or" in the present invention is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in the present invention generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after.

[0052] It should also be understood that the descriptions of the various embodiments of the present invention emphasize the differences between the various embodiments, and their similarities or resemblances can be referred to each other. For the sake of brevity, they will not be elaborated one by one.

[0053] Meanwhile, it should be understood that, for the sake of description convenience, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship.

[0054] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way a limitation on the present invention, its application or use.

[0055] Technologies, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the technologies, methods, and devices should be regarded as part of the specification.

[0056] It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters indicate like items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0057] Embodiments of the present invention can be applied to electronic devices such as terminal devices, computer systems, servers, etc., which can operate together with numerous other general or special computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well-known terminal devices, computing systems, environments, and / or configurations suitable for use with terminal devices, computer systems, servers, etc. include, but are not limited to: personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thick clients, handheld or laptop devices, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network personal computers, small computer systems, large computer systems, and distributed cloud computing technology environments including any of the above systems, and so on.

[0058] Terminal devices, computer systems, servers, etc. can be described in the general context of computer system executable instructions (such as program modules) executed by a computer system. Generally, program modules can include routines, programs, object programs, components, logics, data structures, etc., which perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. The computer system / server can be implemented in a distributed cloud computing environment where tasks are executed by remote processing devices linked through a communication network. In a distributed cloud computing environment, program modules can be located on local or remote computing system storage media including storage devices.

[0059] Exemplary method

[0060] Figure 1It is a schematic flow chart of a current measurement method based on magnetically focused NV centers provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment can be applied to electronic devices, such as Figure 1 As shown, the current measurement method 100 based on magnetically focused NV centers includes the following steps:

[0061] Step 101, using an NV center quantum measurement system to obtain multiple magnetic field components to be measured of the magnetic field generated by the wire to be measured, where a magnetic flux concentrator is arranged around the NV centers in the NV center quantum system;

[0062] Step 102, collecting the ambient temperature of the NV center quantum measurement system and the distance between the NV centers and the wire to be measured;

[0063] Step 103, determining the predicted current value of the wire to be measured according to the multiple magnetic field components to be measured, the ambient temperature, the distance, and a pre-trained current prediction model.

[0064] Specifically, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring a current to be measured using an NV center probe. By introducing a magnetic flux concentrator, the sensitivity of the probe is indirectly improved, and an MLP neural network model is used to fit the mapping relationship between the magnetic field and the current, so as to achieve high-precision measurement of the current to be measured.

[0065] It mainly includes the following parts:

[0066] NV center probe: used to detect the magnetic field change in the area to be measured, and obtain the local magnetic field intensity information by monitoring the spin state response of the NV centers.

[0067] Magnetic flux concentrator: installed around the NV center probe, used to concentrate and enhance the magnetic flux in the area to be measured, thereby improving the magnetic field measurement sensitivity of the NV center measuring device.

[0068] Data acquisition module: used to collect the magnetic field data measured by the NV center measuring device, including each component of the magnetic field (for example, B x , B y , B z ).

[0069] Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network model: used to fit the relationship between the complex magnetic field distribution caused by the magnetic flux concentrator and the current to be measured. This model learns the mapping relationship from magnetic field data to predict current by training a data set of known currents and corresponding magnetic fields.

[0070] Control and processing unit: includes functional modules such as data preprocessing, model training and prediction, result output, etc., to realize the automatic operation of the entire measurement system.

[0071] Disadvantages of the prior art:

[0072] 1. Limited sensitivity of the NV - center probe: As a quantum measuring device, the NV - center probe has the advantage of high sensitivity to magnetic fields. However, its detection ability is physically limited by its own characteristics. When the current to be measured is small, the generated magnetic field is also correspondingly weak, making it difficult for the NV - center probe to effectively detect a strong enough signal. This limits the application of the NV - center probe in the field of weak current measurement and cannot meet the high - precision measurement requirements for smaller currents.

[0073] 2. Difficulty in analyzing the complex magnetic field distribution introduced by the magnetic flux concentrator: To enhance the magnetic field strength at the NV - center probe, a magnetic flux concentrator (MFC) is introduced to converge the magnetic flux near the probe. Although the MFC can effectively increase the magnetic field strength at the probe, it makes the magnetic field distribution complex and non - linear, and it is difficult for traditional Maxwell's equations and analytical methods to accurately calculate the relationship between the enhanced magnetic field and the current. This calculation difficulty leads to the inability to directly establish a quantitative relationship model between the magnetic field and the current, restricting the improvement of measurement accuracy.

[0074] 3. Limited overall detection ability of the measurement system: Due to the limited detection sensitivity of the NV - center probe to weak magnetic fields and the inability to effectively analyze the magnetic field distribution containing the MFC, the existing measurement systems have deficiencies in overall detection ability. Even with the introduction of the MFC, there is still a lack of an effective method to accurately measure smaller excitation currents and cannot meet the measurement requirements of high sensitivity and high precision.

[0075] In view of this, the present invention proposes a current measurement method, which mainly includes the following components:

[0076] NV - center measurement module: As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 2 in Figure 1, reference numeral 1 is the NV - center, and there are 4 NV - centers in the figure, forming a system, and 2 is the current in the wire to be measured.

[0077] NV - centers in a high - purity diamond crystal are arranged in the central region of the magnetic flux concentrator. Through laser excitation and microwave control, precise regulation and reading of the spin state of the NV - centers are achieved.

[0078] Magnetic flux concentrator, as shown in Figure 4 :

[0079] It is made of a high - magnetic - permeability material (such as ferromagnetic material) to gather and enhance the magnetic flux in the area to be measured. Considering the influence of temperature factors on the performance of NV - centers and magnetic flux concentrators, the environmental parameter T is added to the input data when necessary to enhance the robustness of the model.

[0080] Data acquisition and processing module:

[0081] As shown Figure 5 in the figure, it includes an optical system (for laser excitation and fluorescence detection), a microwave system (for spin state control), and a data acquisition system (for collecting magnetic field data).

[0082] Principle of operation: Under the action of an external magnetic field, the electron spin state of the NV color center will undergo the Zeeman effect, resulting in the splitting of its energy levels; through the technique of Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR), this energy level splitting can be measured, thereby obtaining information about the external magnetic field.

[0083] Optical system: A laser (usually a 532 nm green laser) is used to excite the NV color center to make it in an excited state; the fluorescence signal of the NV color center is collected through a fluorescence detector (such as a photomultiplier tube or APD).

[0084] Microwave system: A microwave field is applied to the NV color center through a microwave antenna, and the frequency range covers the electron spin resonance frequency of the NV color center; by using the method of microwave frequency sweeping, the ODMR spectrum line is obtained.

[0085] Data acquisition system: As shown in Figure 6 the figure, the host computer sends control instructions to set the microwave frequency sweeping parameters and laser excitation conditions. The lock-in amplifier synchronously collects the fluorescence signal, filters out high-frequency and low-frequency noises. The host computer receives the signal processed by the lock-in amplifier, conducts further data analysis, acquires the ODMR spectrum line, records the change curve of the fluorescence intensity with the microwave frequency, extracts the ODMR resonance frequency, as shown in Figure 7 the figure, and calculates the magnitude of the magnetic field; a temperature sensor is equipped to monitor the environmental temperature parameter T in real time. The relationship between the energy level splitting of the NV color center and the external magnetic field B is:

[0086]

[0087] where, Δf is the splitting frequency, and γ e is the gyromagnetic ratio of the electron.

[0088] Data processing flow: The collected ODMR spectrum line data undergoes preprocessing such as filtering and noise reduction; curve fitting (such as Lorentz function fitting) is used to accurately determine the resonance frequency position; the value of the external magnetic field B is calculated according to the above formula, and real-time temperature, the distance data between the probe and the wire are obtained through the data acquisition and processing module.

[0089] Neural network calculation module: Based on the structure of a multi-layer perceptron (MLP), as shown in Figure 8As shown, a neural network model for fitting the relationship between magnetic field and current is built. The magnitude of the magnetic field calculated by the data acquisition and processing module is used to predict the current value corresponding to the input magnetic field data. The data set is divided into a training set, a validation set, and a test set. Through iterative training, the loss function is minimized to find the optimal model parameters. After training is completed, new magnetic field data is input into the model to predict the corresponding current value in real time.

[0090] Host computer control and display unit: It provides a friendly graphical user interface (GUI), which is convenient for users to operate and view the results, and supports parameter adjustment and manual intervention to meet different measurement requirements; the host computer interface displays the measured magnetic field value and the predicted current value in real time, and provides data storage and export functions for subsequent analysis. It automatically executes the loop process of data acquisition, processing, and prediction, monitors the system status, and alarms or adjusts parameters in a timely manner.

[0091] Operation process:

[0092] NV color centers in a high-purity diamond crystal are arranged in the central region of the flux concentrator. Through laser excitation and microwave control, precise regulation and reading of the spin state of the NV color centers are achieved.

[0093] In the whole experiment, a full-fiber optical path design is adopted. First, after the 532nm laser is output by the laser, the optical signal is split into two paths by an optical fiber beam splitter with a splitting ratio of 99:1:

[0094] Main optical path: One path of the main power optical fiber signal passes through the input port 1 (Input Port 1) of the optical fiber coupler and exits from the output port 1 (Output Port 1), and directly irradiates the NV color center. After being irradiated by the excited light, the NV color center emits fluorescence with a central wavelength of about 637nm. This fluorescence signal is then coupled back into the optical fiber through the input port 2 (Input Port 2) of the optical fiber coupler and outputs from the output port 2 (Output Port 2). Subsequently, the fluorescence signal enters the photodetector after passing through a filter (used to filter out the residual components of the excitation light).

[0095] Reference optical path: The other low-power 532nm reference beam split from the beam splitter is directly input into the same photodetector as a reference signal to achieve common-mode noise cancellation.

[0096] With this design, the same detector simultaneously receives the fluorescence signal and the reference laser signal, thus effectively reducing the common-mode interference caused by environmental and light source fluctuations. Further phase-locked amplification processing is performed on the obtained detector output signal, and a clear ODMR (Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance) curve can be obtained. Finally, according to the resonance frequency shift of the ODMR curve, the magnitude B′ of the magnetic field to be measured after being concentrated by the magnetic flux concentrator can be calculated, and then the neural network that has been trained is used to invert the value of the current to be measured.

[0097] Data acquisition and model training:

[0098] Data acquisition:

[0099] Prepare a set of known currents I i and the corresponding magnetic field measurement data B N,i , where B N,i includes each component of the magnetic field (such as B x，i , B y,i , B z，i ), temperature T i , the distance D between the probe and the current-carrying wire i and the bias b i . Therefore, the total number of input features is 5.

[0100] Input features = {B x，i , B y,i , B z，i , T i , D i , b i}

[0101] Data preprocessing:

[0102] Perform normalization processing on the magnetic field data to meet the input requirements of the neural network:

[0103]

[0104] where X is the original magnetic field data, and μ and σ are the mean and standard deviation of the magnetic field data respectively.

[0105] Model construction:

[0106] Adopt a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) structure, including an input layer, several hidden layers, and an output layer. The input layer receives 6 normalized features: three magnetic field components, temperature, distance, and bias. The hidden layer uses the ReLU activation function, and the output layer uses the linear activation function. To prevent overfitting, only 2 hidden layers are adopted, and the number of neurons in each layer is 64.

[0107] Model training:

[0108] Using a known training set (B N，i , T i , D i , b i , I i ), minimize the mean squared error (MSE) loss function:

[0109]

[0110] where L(θ) is the loss function and f θ is a neural network model with parameters θ.

[0111] Adopt the Adam optimizer for parameter update, iterate and apply early stopping to monitor the loss of the validation set, add an L2 regularization term to the loss function, and iterate the training until the loss function converges or reaches the preset number of training iterations.

[0112] Model validation and testing:

[0113] Divide the dataset into a training set, a validation set, and a test set, and evaluate the prediction accuracy of the model by calculating the mean squared error (MSE).

[0114]

[0115] Current measurement process:

[0116] Magnetic field measurement:

[0117] The NV color center sensor measures the magnetic field of the area to be measured to obtain the components of the magnetic field, the temperature, and the distance between the probe and the current-carrying wire.

[0118] Data preprocessing:

[0119] Perform the same standardization process on the measured magnetic field data, temperature, distance, and bias data as in the training phase:

[0120]

[0121] where X new is the new magnetic field measurement data (including magnetic field components, temperature, distance).

[0122] Current prediction:

[0123] Input the preprocessed magnetic field data into the trained MLP model to obtain the current prediction value:

[0124]

[0125] where θ * is the optimal model parameter obtained from training.

[0126] Result output.

[0127] This application has the following beneficial effects:

[0128] 1. Improve the detection sensitivity of the NV - color - center probe to weak currents: Introduce a magnetic - flux concentrator (MFC): By installing an MFC near the NV - color - center probe, the magnetic flux generated by the current to be measured is concentrated in the probe area. The role of the MFC significantly increases the magnetic - field strength at the probe. Even though the detection ability of the NV - color - center probe itself remains unchanged, due to the enhanced magnetic field, the probe can detect smaller currents. This is equivalent to improving the overall sensitivity of the measurement system.

[0129] 2. Establish the mapping relationship between the magnetic field and the current: Limitations of traditional methods: Due to the introduction of the MFC, the magnetic - field distribution becomes complex, and traditional analytical methods (such as directly applying Maxwell's equations) cannot accurately calculate the relationship between the enhanced magnetic field and the current.

[0130] 3. Adopt a neural - network model: This application proposes using a neural - network model (such as MLP) to fit the complex non - linear relationship between the magnetic field and the current. By collecting the magnetic - field measurement data of the NV - color - center probe under known current conditions, constructing a training data set, and training the neural - network model, the mapping relationship between the magnetic field and the current is established.

[0131] 4. Improve the overall detection ability of the measurement system: Comprehensively utilize the MFC and the neural - network: The magnetic - flux aggregation effect of the MFC increases the magnetic - field strength at the probe, and the introduction of the neural - network model solves the problem that the complex magnetic - field distribution cannot be analytically calculated. The combination of the two improves the overall detection ability of the measurement system, realizes high - sensitivity and high - precision measurement of weak currents. At the same time, the degree of automation of the data - processing and current - prediction processes is high, the user operation is simple, and it is easy to be integrated into the existing measurement system.

[0132] Exemplary device

[0133] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of a current - measurement device based on a magnetic - aggregation NV - color - center provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 9 shown, the device 900 includes:

[0134] An acquisition module 910, configured to acquire multiple measured magnetic - field components of the magnetic field generated by a wire to be measured by using an NV - color - center quantum measurement system, wherein a magnetic - flux concentrator is arranged around the NV - color - center in the NV - color - center quantum system;

[0135] A collection module 920, configured to collect the ambient temperature of the NV - color - center quantum measurement system and the distance between the NV - color - center and the wire to be measured;

[0136] A determination module 930, configured to determine a predicted current value of a wire to be measured according to multiple magnetic field components to be measured, the ambient temperature, the distance, and a pre-trained current prediction model.

[0137] Optionally, the NV center quantum measurement system includes: an NV center, an optical system, a microwave system, and a signal processing unit, and the acquisition module 910 includes:

[0138] An acquisition sub-module, configured to acquire the fluorescence signal emitted by the NV center under pre-set microwave sweep parameters and laser excitation conditions;

[0139] A processing sub-module, configured to obtain an optically detected magnetic resonance spectrum line after processing the fluorescence signal by a lock-in amplifier;

[0140] An extraction sub-module, configured to extract the resonance frequency of the optically detected magnetic resonance spectrum line and determine the splitting frequency according to the frequency difference between two resonance frequencies;

[0141] A calculation sub-module, configured to calculate multiple magnetic field components to be measured according to the splitting frequency and the gyroratio of electrons.

[0142] Optionally, the calculation formula for the magnetic field component B to be measured is:

[0143]

[0144] In the formula, Δf is the splitting frequency, γ e is the gyroratio of electrons.

[0145] Optionally, the determination module 930 includes:

[0146] A normalization sub-module, configured to perform normalization processing on multiple magnetic field components to be measured respectively to obtain multiple normalized magnetic field components to be measured;

[0147] An output sub-module, configured to input the multiple normalized magnetic field components to be measured, the ambient temperature, and the distance into the current prediction model and output the predicted current value of the wire to be measured.

[0148] Optionally, the expression for the normalization processing is:

[0149]

[0150] In the formula, B is the magnetic field component to be measured, B norm is the normalized magnetic field component to be measured, and μ and σ are respectively the mean and standard deviation of the magnetic field component to be measured.

[0151] Optionally, the current prediction model adopts a multi-layer perceptron structure, and the loss function of the current prediction model is:

[0152]

[0153] where L(θ) is the loss function, f θ is a neural network model with parameters θ, B N,i is the magnetic field measurement data, N is x, y, and z, T i is the temperature, D i is the distance between the NV color center and the wire to be measured, b i is the bias, and i is the number of data.

[0154] Optionally, the device 900 further includes an evaluation module for evaluating the prediction accuracy of the current prediction model using the mean square error.

[0155] Exemplary electronic device

[0156] Figure 10 is the structure of an electronic device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 10 shown, the electronic device 100 includes one or more processors 101 and a memory 102.

[0157] The processor 101 may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other form of processing unit having data processing capabilities and / or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions.

[0158] The memory 102 may include one or more computer program products, and the computer program products may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory, etc. The non-volatile memory may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc. One or more computer program instructions may be stored on the computer-readable storage media, and the processor 101 may run the program instructions to implement the methods of the software programs of the various embodiments of the present invention described above and / or other desired functions. In one example, the electronic device may further include: an input device 103 and an output device 104, and these components are interconnected through a bus system and / or other forms of connection mechanisms (not shown).

[0159] In addition, the input device 103 may further include, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, etc.

[0160] The output device 104 may output various information to the outside. The output device 104 may include, for example, a display, a speaker, a printer, and a communication network and its connected remote output devices, etc.

[0161] Of course, for simplicity, Figure 10Only some of the components related to the present invention in the electronic device are shown, and components such as buses, input / output interfaces, etc. are omitted. In addition, according to specific application scenarios, the electronic device may further include any other appropriate components.

[0162] Exemplary computer program product and computer-readable storage medium

[0163] In addition to the above methods and devices, an embodiment of the present invention may also be a computer program product, which includes computer program instructions that, when run by a processor, cause the processor to execute the steps in the methods according to various embodiments of the present invention described in the above "Exemplary Methods" section of this specification.

[0164] The computer program product may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages for programming code to perform the operations of the embodiments of the present invention. The programming languages include object-oriented programming languages such as Java, C++, etc., and also include conventional procedural programming languages such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The program code may be executed entirely on the user's computing device, partially on the user's device, executed as a stand-alone software package, partially on the user's computing device and partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server.

[0165] Furthermore, an embodiment of the present invention may also be a computer-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon that, when run by a processor, cause the processor to execute the steps in the methods according to various embodiments of the present invention described in the above "Exemplary Methods" section of this specification.

[0166] The computer-readable storage medium may employ any combination of one or more readable media. The readable media may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. The readable storage medium may, for example, include but is not limited to an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the above. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of the readable storage medium include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the above.

[0167] The basic principles of the present invention have been described in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, effects, etc. mentioned in the present invention are only examples and not limitations. It cannot be considered that these advantages, benefits, effects, etc. are essential for each embodiment of the present invention. Additionally, the specific details disclosed above are only for illustrative and facilitating understanding purposes, rather than limitations. The above details do not limit the present invention to necessarily implement using the above specific details.

[0168] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. For the same or similar parts among the embodiments, reference can be made to each other. For system embodiments, since they basically correspond to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple. For related parts, reference can be made to the corresponding parts of the method embodiments.

[0169] The block diagrams of the devices, systems, equipment, and systems involved in the present invention are only illustrative examples and do not intend to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, and configured in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As those skilled in the art will recognize, these devices, systems, equipment, and systems can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner. Words such as "including", "comprising", "having", etc. are open-ended terms, meaning "including but not limited to", and can be used interchangeably with each other. The word "or" and "and" used herein refer to the word "and / or", and can be used interchangeably with each other, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The word "such as" used herein refers to the phrase "such as but not limited to", and can be used interchangeably with each other.

[0170] The methods and systems of the present invention can be implemented in many ways. For example, the methods and systems of the present invention can be implemented through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination of software, hardware, and firmware. The above order of the steps for the methods is only for illustration purposes. The steps of the methods of the present invention are not limited to the specific order described above, unless otherwise specifically stated in other ways. Additionally, in some embodiments, the present invention can also be implemented as a program recorded in a recording medium, and these programs include machine-readable instructions for implementing the methods according to the present invention. Therefore, the present invention also covers the recording medium storing the programs for executing the methods according to the present invention.

[0171] It should also be noted that in the systems, devices, and methods of the present invention, each component or each step can be decomposed and / or recombined. These decompositions and / or recombinations should be regarded as equivalent solutions of the present invention. The above description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0172] The above description has been given for purposes of illustration and description. In addition, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention to the forms disclosed herein. Although multiple example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and subcombinations thereof.

Claims

1. A current measurement method based on magnetically concentrated NV color centers, characterized in that: include: A NV color center quantum measurement system is used to obtain multiple magnetic field components to be measured generated by the magnetic field of the conductor to be measured, wherein a magnetic flux concentrator is arranged around the NV color center in the NV color center quantum system; Collecting the ambient temperature of the NV color center quantum measurement system and the distance between the NV color center and the conductor to be measured; The predicted current value of the conductor to be measured is determined according to the plurality of magnetic field components to be measured, the ambient temperature, the distance and a pre-trained current prediction model.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The NV color center quantum measurement system comprises: an NV color center, an optical system, a microwave system and a signal processing unit, and uses the NV color center quantum measurement system to obtain multiple magnetic field components to be measured generated by the magnetic field of the conductor to be measured, including: Under preset microwave sweep parameters and laser excitation conditions, collecting the fluorescence signal emitted by the NV color center; The fluorescence signal is processed by a phase-locked amplifier to obtain a light detection magnetic resonance spectrum line; Extracting the resonance frequency of the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrum line, and determining the splitting frequency according to the frequency difference between two of the resonance frequencies; A plurality of magnetic field components to be measured are calculated according to the splitting frequency and the cyclotron ratio of the electrons.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The calculation formula of the magnetic field component B to be measured is: Where Δf is the splitting frequency, γ e is the cyclotron ratio of the electron.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the predicted current value of the conductor to be measured according to the plurality of magnetic field components to be measured, the ambient temperature, the distance, and a pre-trained current prediction model includes: Standardizing the plurality of magnetic field components to be measured respectively to obtain a plurality of standardized magnetic field components to be measured; The plurality of standardized magnetic field components to be measured, the ambient temperature and the distance are input into the current prediction model, and the predicted current value of the conductor to be measured is output.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The expression of the standardization process is: Where, B is the magnetic field component to be measured, B norm is to standardize the magnetic field component to be measured, μ and σ are the mean and standard deviation of the magnetic field component to be measured, respectively.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The current prediction model adopts a multi-layer perceptron structure, and the loss function of the current prediction model is: Where L(θ) is the loss function, f θ is a neural network model with parameter θ, B N,i is the magnetic field measurement data, N is x, y and z, T i is temperature, D i is the distance between the NV color center and the conductor to be tested, b i is the bias, and i is the number of data.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that Also includes: The mean square error is used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the current prediction model.

8. A current measurement device based on magnetically concentrated NV color centers, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module, used for acquiring a plurality of magnetic field components to be measured generated by the magnetic field of the conductor to be measured by using an NV color center quantum measurement system, wherein a magnetic flux concentrator is arranged around the NV color center in the NV color center quantum system; An acquisition module, used for acquiring the ambient temperature of the NV color center quantum measurement system and the distance between the NV color center and the conductor to be measured; The determination module is used to determine the predicted current value of the conductor to be measured according to the multiple magnetic field components to be measured, the ambient temperature, the distance and a pre-trained current prediction model.

9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that The NV color center quantum measurement system includes: an NV color center, an optical system, a microwave system and a signal processing unit, and an acquisition module, including: A collection submodule, used to collect the fluorescence signal emitted by the NV color center under preset microwave sweep parameters and laser excitation conditions; A processing submodule, used for processing the fluorescence signal through a phase-locked amplifier to obtain a light detection magnetic resonance spectrum line; An extraction submodule, used for extracting the resonance frequency of the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrum line, and determining the splitting frequency according to the frequency difference between the two resonance frequencies; The calculation submodule is used to calculate a plurality of magnetic field components to be measured according to the splitting frequency and the cyclotron ratio of the electron.

10. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that Identify modules, including: A standardization submodule, used for respectively standardizing the plurality of magnetic field components to be measured to obtain a plurality of standardized magnetic field components to be measured; The output submodule is used to input the plurality of standardized magnetic field components to be measured, the ambient temperature and the distance into the current prediction model, and output the predicted current value of the conductor to be measured.

11. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

12. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises: processor; a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor; The processor is used to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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