High-flexibility high-temperature-resistant leading-out cable and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cables, and particularly provides a high-flexibility high-temperature-resistant leading-out cable and a preparation method thereof. The high-flexibility high-temperature-resistant leading-out cable structurally comprises a conductor cable core, a composite insulating layer wrapping the outer side of the conductor cable core, a flexible supporting framework filled between the conductor cable core and the composite insulating layer and an outer sheath on the outermost layer, the composite insulating layer comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer is mica tape composite ceramic silicone rubber, and the outer layer is mica tape composite ceramic silicone rubber. Through the collaborative design of the mica tape composite ceramic silicone rubber inner layer and the radiation crosslinking soluble polytetrafluoroethylene outer layer, and in combination with the preformed nylon skeleton and the nano modified outer sheath, collaborative improvement of high temperature resistance and high flexibility is realized; and meanwhile, the framework is filled with liquid silicone rubber to enhance the compressive strength, and the key contradiction between insufficient temperature resistance of silicone rubber and poor flexibility of polytetrafluoroethylene in a traditional cable is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cables, and particularly to a highly flexible and high-temperature resistant lead-out cable and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Existing high-temperature resistant lead-out cables mostly rely on a single insulating material, resulting in an imbalance in their key properties. For example, silicone rubber insulated cables, although they have good flexibility, their long-term temperature resistance upper limit is only 180°C, and they are prone to thermal aging in high-temperature environments, leading to insulation failure. Polytetrafluoroethylene insulated cables have excellent temperature resistance and can be used for a long time in an environment of 250°C, but their texture is hard and brittle and they cannot adapt to high-frequency bending scenarios.

[0003] In order to improve the compressive and electromagnetic interference resistance performance, traditional cables use multiple layers of rigid shielding or metal skeletons, resulting in an increase in cable weight and deterioration of flexibility. In addition, when power cores and signal cores share a cable, the existing technology reduces crosstalk by adding an independent shielding layer or increasing the core spacing, but significantly sacrifices space utilization.

[0004] Therefore, existing lead-out cables generally have the problem that it is difficult to balance high temperature resistance and flexibility. A single material cannot meet the requirements of extreme working conditions. At the same time, the compressive and shielding designs make the cable heavy and reduce its flexibility, and it is difficult to integrate multiple performances. There is a need for a technical solution for a lead-out cable with good compatibility between mechanical strength and high temperature resistance under high flexibility. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a highly flexible and high-temperature resistant lead-out cable and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows: The present invention provides a highly flexible and high-temperature resistant lead-out cable, including: a conductor core, a composite insulating layer coated on the outer side of the conductor core, a flexible support skeleton filled between the conductor core and the composite insulating layer, and an outer sheath on the outermost layer. The composite insulating layer includes an inner layer and an outer layer. The inner layer is a mica tape composite ceramicized silicone rubber, and the outer layer is a soluble polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0007] In some embodiments, the conductor core is formed by stranding multiple tinned soft copper wires. The diameter of a single tinned soft copper wire is 0.05 - 0.1 mm, the stranding pitch ratio is 8 - 10 times, and the surface is coated with a nano-aluminum oxide coating with a thickness of 2 - 5 μm.

[0008] In some embodiments, the inner layer of the composite insulating layer is a chemical cross-linking composite structure of mica tape and ceramicized silicone rubber. The thickness of the mica tape is 0.03 - 0.07 mm, and the silicone content in the ceramicized silicone rubber is ≥40%, preferably 40 - 60 wt%.

[0009] In some embodiments, the preparation method of the inner layer of the composite insulating layer includes: mixing ceramicized silicone rubber and dicumyl peroxide to obtain a base material, calendering the base material into a tape with a thickness of 0.1 - 0.2 mm, and the addition amount of dicumyl peroxide is 1 - 3% of the ceramicized silicone rubber. Coating the surface of the mica tape with a silane coupling agent, preferably KH-550, with a coating amount of 0.5 - 1.5 g / m 2 , then alternately winding the mica tape coated with the silane coupling agent and the base material tape around the outer side of the flexible support skeleton, and performing hot pressing treatment with a hot pressing roller. The temperature of the hot pressing roller is 160 - 170 °C, the pressure is 5 - 8 MPa, the hot pressing time is 30 - 60 s, the winding speed is 15 m / min, and the winding overlap rate ≥ 30%; after winding is completed, first co-extrude a soluble polytetrafluoroethylene film, and then put the cable into a flat vulcanizer for secondary vulcanization, with a temperature of 200 - 220 °C and a time of 2 - 4 h, under normal pressure vulcanization.

[0010] In the above embodiments, the layer ratio of the base material tape to the mica tape coated with the silane coupling agent is 2:1.

[0011] In some embodiments, the outer layer of the composite insulating layer is a soluble polytetrafluoroethylene film with a thickness of 0.1 - 0.3 mm, which is treated by a radiation cross-linking process, and the long-term heat resistance ≥ 200 °C.

[0012] In some embodiments, the radiation dose of the radiation cross-linking treatment is 50 - 80 kGy, and after irradiation, it is annealed at 150 °C for 30 min.

[0013] In some embodiments, the outer sheath is a halogen-free thermoplastic polyurethane material added with nano-modified kaolin, the particle size of the modified kaolin ≤ 50 nm, and the addition amount is 12 - 18 wt% of the halogen-free thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0014] In some embodiments, the flexible support skeleton is a preformed nylon skeleton, and a main cavity and a secondary cavity are provided inside the flexible support skeleton. The main cavity accommodates the conductor cable core, and the secondary cavity accommodates the signal line.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned lead-out cable, including the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Stranding tinned soft copper wires according to a pitch ratio of 8 - 10 times and coating with a nano-aluminum oxide coating;

[0017] Step 2: Assembling the preformed skeleton and the conductor cable core, and successively performing inner layer winding, outer layer PFA film layer extrusion, and TPU outer sheath co-extrusion;

[0018] Step 3: Placing the cable obtained in Step 2 in a vacuum chamber, injecting liquid silicone rubber into the preformed skeleton and curing it;

[0019] Step 4: Treat the outer sheath with a UV-curable waterborne coating, and the curing temperature is 70 - 90°C.

[0020] In some embodiments, in Step 2, the extrusion temperature of the PFA film layer is 310 - 330°C, the extrusion temperature of the TPU outer sheath layer is 190 - 210°C, and the co-extrusion pressure is 8 - 10 MPa.

[0021] In some embodiments, in Step 3, when injecting liquid silicone rubber, the vacuum degree ≤ 0.1 MPa, the viscosity of the liquid silicone rubber is 500 - 800 cps, the curing temperature is 50 - 70°C, and the filling rate ≥ 95%.

[0022] In some embodiments, the radiation wavelength of the UV-curable waterborne coating is 2 - 5 μm, the curing time ≤ 30 s, and the VOC emission ≤ 10 mg / m 3 .

[0023] The present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0024] Through the collaborative design of the mica tape composite ceramized silicone rubber inner layer and the radiation-crosslinked soluble polytetrafluoroethylene outer layer, combined with the preformed nylon skeleton and the nano-modified outer sheath, the present invention realizes the synergistic improvement of high temperature resistance and high flexibility. At the same time, by filling the skeleton with liquid silicone rubber to enhance the compressive strength, the key contradiction of insufficient heat resistance of silicone rubber and poor flexibility of polytetrafluoroethylene in traditional cables is solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the lead-out cable of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: 1 - conductor core, 2 - flexible support skeleton, 3 - composite insulation layer, 4 - outer sheath. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the embodiments of the present invention belong. If the definitions stated in this section are contrary to or otherwise inconsistent with the definitions stated in the patents, patent applications, published patent applications, and other publications incorporated herein by reference, the definitions listed in this section shall prevail over the definitions incorporated herein by reference.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the methods used in the following embodiments are all conventional methods. The materials, reagents, and instruments used, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional materials, reagents, and instruments in this field, and those skilled in the art can obtain them through commercial channels.

[0031] When an equivalent, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, a preferred range, or a range defined by a series of upper preferred values and lower preferred values, it should be understood that all ranges formed by any pairing of any upper range limit or preferred value with any lower range limit or preferred value are specifically disclosed, regardless of whether the range is separately disclosed. For example, when the range "1 to 5" is disclosed, the described range should be interpreted as including the ranges "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2", "1 to 2 and 4 to 5", "1 to 3 and 5", etc. When a numerical range is described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include its endpoint values and all integers and fractions within the range. In the specification and claims of this application, range limitations may be combined and / or interchanged, and if not otherwise stated, these ranges include all sub-ranges contained therein.

[0032] As Figure 1 shown, the highly flexible high-temperature resistant lead-out cable of the present invention includes: a conductor core, a composite insulation layer coated on the outer side of the conductor core, a flexible support skeleton filled between the conductor core and the composite insulation layer, and an outer sheath on the outermost layer. The composite insulation layer includes an inner layer and an outer layer. The inner layer is a mica tape composite ceramicized silicone rubber, and the outer layer is a soluble polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Preparation of Conductor Core

[0035] Materials: Tinned soft copper wire (diameter 0.08 mm, tin content 2%);

[0036] Stranding process: Pitch ratio 9 times, stranding direction is left-handed;

[0037] Surface treatment: Spraying a nano-aluminum oxide coating (thickness 3 μm), drying at 150 °C for 30 min.

[0038] Preparation of the Inner Layer of the Composite Insulation Layer

[0039] Pretreatment of mica tape:

[0040] Mica tape specifications: Muscovite tape, thickness 0.05 mm, K value ≥ 0.9;

[0041] Surface activation: Immersed in 3 wt% KH-550 silane coupling agent ethanol solution for 5 min, dried at 80 °C for 30 min, coating amount 1.0 g / m 2 。

[0042] Preparation of ceramized silicone rubber:

[0043] Base rubber compound: Methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ, vinyl content 0.2 mol%);

[0044] Additives: Silica powder (40 wt%, particle size 3 μm), glass fiber powder (15 wt%, aspect ratio 10:1), zinc borate (8 wt%);

[0045] Crosslinking agent: DCP 2 phr (dicumyl peroxide).

[0046] Mixing: Internal mixer at 80 °C × 20 min, the mixed rubber is calendered into a tape with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

[0047] Wrapping and hot pressing:

[0048] Wrapping method: The mica tape and the tape are alternately wrapped in a layer ratio of 1:2 (wrapping speed 15 m / min, overlap rate 35%);

[0049] Hot pressing process: Pre-pressing stage (90 °C × 10 min, 1.5 MPa) → Final pressing stage (170 °C × 30 min, 6 MPa).

[0050] Preparation of the outer layer of the composite insulation layer

[0051] PFA film extrusion: Thickness 0.2 mm, extrusion temperature 320 °C, co-extrusion pressure 9 MPa;

[0052] Radiation crosslinking: Electron beam irradiation dose 70 kGy, annealed at 150 °C for 30 min after irradiation.

[0053] Vacuum injection molding and sheath forming

[0054] Skeleton assembly: Preformed nylon skeleton (main cavity diameter 2 mm, sub-cavity diameter 1 mm);

[0055] Vacuum injection molding: Liquid silicone rubber (viscosity 600 cps, vacuum degree 0.08 MPa), cured at 60 °C for 1 h, filling rate 98%;

[0056] TPU sheath co-extrusion: Modified kaolin (particle size 40 nm, 15 wt%), extrusion temperature 200 °C, water cooling (25 °C);

[0057] UV curing: wavelength 3 μm, 80 °C × 30 s, VOC emission 8 mg / m 3 .

[0058] The performance test results of Example 1 are as follows in the table:

[0059] Test Item Result Test Standard Long-term Temperature Resistance (220℃ * 1000h) <![CDATA[Insulation resistance ≥ 1 × 10 14 Ω·m]]> GB / T 3048.3-2007 Bending Radius (Dynamic Bending Life) 4D (≥ 100,000 times without damage) IEC 61156-5 Interface Peel Strength 4.5N / mm GB / T 2791-1995 Flame Retardancy UL 94V-0, Oxygen Index 34% UL 94, GB / T 2406-2008 Partial Discharge Quantity ≤ 5pC IEC 60270

[0060] Example 2

[0061] Technical parameters and preparation steps

[0062] Inner layer of composite insulation layer:

[0063] Mica tape thickness 0.03 mm, silicone content 40 wt%, DCP added 1 phr;

[0064] Hot pressing conditions: pre-pressing (80 °C × 10 min, 1 MPa) → final pressing (160 °C × 20 min, 5 MPa).

[0065] PFA outer layer:

[0066] Extrusion temperature 310 °C, radiation dose 50 kGy.

[0067] Other parameters: the same as Example 1.

[0068] The performance test results are as follows:

[0069] Test Item Result Voltage Withstanding Strength 6.8kV / mm Bending Radius 5D High-temperature Stability (200℃ × 1000h) <![CDATA[Volume resistivity ≥ 1×10 13 Ω·m]]>

[0070] Comparative Example 1

[0071] Technical parameters and preparation steps Insulation layer: single silicone rubber layer (thickness 0.5 mm, no mica tape composite); Sheath: ordinary TPU (no modified kaolin);

[0072] Process: step-by-step extrusion, no vacuum injection molding and plasma treatment.

[0073] The performance test results are as follows:

[0074] Test Item Result Long-term Temperature Resistance (180℃ × 500h) <![CDATA[Insulation failure (resistance < 1×10 6 Ω·m)]]> Bending Radius 6D (Dynamic Bending Life ≤ 30,000 times) Flame Retardancy UL 94HB, Oxygen Index 26%

[0075] Comparative Example 2

[0076] Technical parameters and preparation steps

[0077] The same as Example 1, but the mica tape plasma treatment step is omitted.

[0078] The performance test results are as follows:

[0079] Test Item Result Interface Peel Strength 1.2N / mm (Example 1 is 4.5N / mm) Dynamic Bending Life Lamination after 50,000 times

[0080] Comparative Example 3

[0081] Technical parameters and preparation steps

[0082] Insulating layer preparation: Inner and outer layers are extruded step by step (with a 2-hour interval), not co-extruded; Vacuum injection molding: Vacuum environment is not used, and the filling rate is 75%.

[0083] The performance test results are as follows:

[0084] Test Item Result Interface Peel Strength 1.8N / mm Partial Discharge Quantity ≥ 20pC Production Efficiency 2m / min (Example 1 is 5m / min)

[0085] Example 3

[0086] Technical parameters and preparation steps

[0087] Inner layer of the composite insulating layer:

[0088] The thickness of the mica tape is 0.07 mm, the silicone content is 60 wt%, and 3 phr of DCP is added;

[0089] Hot pressing conditions: Pre-pressing (100 °C × 10 min, 2 MPa) → Final pressing (180 °C × 40 min, 8 MPa). PFA outer layer:

[0090] Extrusion temperature is 330 °C, and the radiation dose is 80 kGy.

[0091] Other parameters: The same as in Example 1.

[0092] The performance test results are as follows:

[0093] Test Item Result Voltage Withstanding Strength 8.5kV / mm Bending Radius 4.5D High-temperature Stability (230℃ × 1000h) <![CDATA[Insulation resistance ≥ 1×10 14 Ω·m]]>

[0094] Example 4

[0095] Test conditions

[0096] Damp heat aging: In an environment of 85 °C / 85% RH for 1000 hours;

[0097] Thermal cycling: -40 °C (30 min) → 200 °C (30 min), cycling 1000 times.

[0098] The performance test results are as follows:

[0099] Test Item Result Insulation Resistance after Damp Heat Aging Drop Rate ≤ 10% (Traditional Cable ≥ 50%) Appearance after Thermal Cycling No Lamination or Cracking (Traditional Cable fails after 300 times)

[0100] Comparative Example 4

[0101] Technical parameters and preparation steps

[0102] The silicone content is 30 wt%, and the others are the same as in Example 1.

[0103] The performance test results are as follows:

[0104] Test Item Result Porosity after Sintering at 500℃ > 30% (Example 1 ≤ 15%) Insulation Resistance (500℃) <![CDATA[< 1 × 10 12 Ω·m]]>

[0105] Example 5

[0106] Technical parameters and test conditions

[0107] Application scenario: high-temperature and high-vibration environment of new energy vehicle battery packs;

[0108] Test items:

[0109] High-temperature vibration: Apply 20G vibration acceleration (frequency 10 - 2000Hz) at 200°C for 500 hours;

[0110] Chemical corrosion: Immerse in 85°C electrolyte (LiPF6 / EC-DMC) for 168 hours.

[0111] The performance test results are as follows:

[0112]

[0113]

[0114] Example 6

[0115] Technical parameters

[0116] Outer diameter of the cable: 1.5mm (traditional cable ≥ 2.5mm);

[0117] Inner layer of the composite insulation layer: mica tape thickness 0.03mm, ceramicized silicone rubber thickness 0.1mm; PFA outer layer: thickness 0.1mm.

[0118] The performance test results are as follows:

[0119] Test Item Result Comparative Example 5 (Traditional Ultra-thin Cable) Voltage Withstanding Strength 5.5kV / mm 3.0kV / mm (PTFE Insulation) Bending Radius 3D (Dynamic Bending Life ≥ 80,000 times) 6D (Life ≤ 20,000 times)

[0120] Comparative example 5

[0121] Technical parameters

[0122] Siloxane content 70wt% (exceeding the scope of the claims), others are the same as in Example 1.

[0123] The performance test results are as follows:

[0124] Test Item Result Comparison with Example 1 Room Temperature Elastic Modulus 1.2MPa (Example 1 is 3.0MPa) Compressive Strength Drops to 6kN / m Dynamic Bending Life ≤ 30,000 times (Example 1 ≥ 100,000 times) Flexibility Deterioration is Significant

[0125] Comparative example 6

[0126] Technical parameters

[0127] The crosslinking agent is replaced with BIPB (1,3-bis(tert-butylperoxy)cumene), and the addition amount is 2 phr, others are the same as in Example 1.

[0128] The performance test results are as follows:

[0129] Test Item Result Comparison with Example 1 (DCP) Elongation at Break 150％ 200％ High-temperature Aging Resistance Resistance Drops by 40% after 200℃ × 500h Resistance Drop ≤ 10%

[0130] Comparative Example 7

[0131] Technical parameters

[0132] The vacuum injection molding was cancelled, and atmospheric pressure injection molding was adopted. Other conditions were the same as those in Example 1.

[0133] The performance test results are as follows:

[0134] Test Item Result Comparison with Example 1 Filling Rate 75％ 98％ Partial Discharge Quantity ≥ 25pC ≤ 5pC Compressive Strength 8kN / m 12kN / m

[0135] Comparative Example 8

[0136] Technical parameters

[0137] The silane coupling agent was replaced with KH-560 (epoxy group), and the coating amount was 1.0 g / m 2 , and other conditions were the same as those in Example 1.

[0138] The performance test results are as follows:

[0139] Test Item Result Comparison with Example 1 (KH-550) Interface Peel Strength 2.8N / mm 4.5N / mm Damp Heat Resistance (85℃ / 85%RH) Resistance Drops by 30% after 500h Resistance Drop ≤ 10%

[0140] Example 7

[0141] Test conditions

[0142] Instantaneous high temperature: Burned with a 500°C flame for 30 seconds (simulating a short circuit fault).

[0143] The performance test results are as follows:

[0144] Test Item Result Traditional Cable (Comparative Example 1) Carbonization Depth of Insulation Layer ≤ 0.1mm (Ceramic Protection) ≥ 0.5mm (Silicone Rubber Completely Ablated) Insulation Resistance after Short Circuit <![CDATA[≥1×10 10 Ω·m]]> <![CDATA[≤1×10 6 Ω·m]]>

[0145] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly flexible and high temperature resistant lead-out cable, characterized in that: include: A conductor cable core, a composite insulation layer wrapped around the outside of the conductor cable core, a flexible support frame filled between the conductor cable core and the composite insulation layer, and an outer sheath as an outermost layer. The composite insulation layer includes an inner layer and an outer layer. The inner layer is a mica tape composite ceramic silicone rubber, and the outer layer is a soluble polytetrafluoroethylene.

2. The high-flexibility, high-temperature-resistant lead-out cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductor cable core is formed by twisting a plurality of tinned soft copper wires, wherein the diameter of a single tinned soft copper wire is 0.05-0.1 mm, the twisting pitch ratio is 8-10 times, and the surface is coated with a nano-aluminum oxide coating with a thickness of 2-5 μm.

3. The high-flexibility, high-temperature-resistant lead-out cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner layer of the composite insulating layer is a chemically cross-linked composite structure of mica tape and ceramic silicone rubber, the thickness of the mica tape is 0.03-0.07 mm, and the content of siloxane in the ceramic silicone rubber is ≥40%.

4. The high-flexibility, high-temperature-resistant lead-out cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer layer of the composite insulation layer is a soluble polytetrafluoroethylene film with a thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm. It is treated by a radiation cross-linking process and has a long-term temperature resistance of ≥200°C.

5. The high-flexibility, high-temperature-resistant lead-out cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer sheath is made of halogen-free thermoplastic polyurethane material added with nano-modified kaolin, the particle size of the modified kaolin is ≤50nm, and the added amount is 12-18wt% of the halogen-free thermoplastic polyurethane.

6. The high-flexibility, high-temperature-resistant lead-out cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible support frame is a preformed nylon frame, and a main cavity and a sub-cavity are provided inside the flexible support frame. The main cavity accommodates the conductor cable core, and the sub-cavity accommodates the signal line.

7. The method for preparing the high-flexibility and high-temperature-resistant lead-out cable according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: twist the tinned soft copper wires at a pitch ratio of 8-10 times and coat them with a nano-aluminum oxide coating; Step 2: Assemble the preformed skeleton and the conductor cable core, and sequentially wrap the inner layer, extrude the outer PFA film layer, and co-extrude the TPU outer sheath; Step 3: placing the cable obtained in step 2 in a vacuum chamber, injecting liquid silicone rubber into the preformed frame and curing it; Step 4: Use UV curing water-based paint to treat the outer sheath, and the curing temperature is 70-90°C.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 2, the extrusion temperature of the mica tape composite layer is 170-190° C., the extrusion temperature of the PFA film layer is 310-330° C., the extrusion temperature of the TPU outer jacket layer is 190-210° C., and the co-extrusion pressure is 8-10 MPa.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step three, when injecting liquid silicone rubber, the vacuum degree is ≤0.1MPa, the viscosity of the liquid silicone rubber is 500-800cps, the temperature is 50-70°C, and the filling rate is ≥95%.

10. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The radiation wavelength of the UV curable water-based coating is 2-5 μm, the curing time is ≤30 s, and the VOC emission is ≤10 mg / m 3 .

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