Laser dissimilar metal self-adaptive welding method and device based on blue light surrounding swing

Abstract

The invention provides a laser dissimilar metal self-adaption welding method and device based on blue light surrounding swing, and the method comprises the steps that welding material attributes and a laser welding technology needed in the composite laser welding process are obtained, and the welding material attributes and the laser welding technology are obtained based on laser welding power, a heat source acting position and the material attributes; the energy input quantity of red-blue composite laser absorbed by different metals in the welding process is calculated, the total melting quantity of dissimilar metal materials in the welding process is obtained based on the attribute characteristics of welding materials, the width of a composite laser welding pool is solved based on the laser welding swing amplitude, and the depth of the pool formed when a welded plate is infinite in thickness is calculated based on the width. And comparing the thickness with the actual thickness of the welded plate, determining the actual shape in the laser welding process, and predicting the appearance of the composite laser welding seam in combination with related shape parameters. The method solves the problems of poor welding joint forming quality, low mechanical property and the like caused by laser absorptivity difference of dissimilar metals and overlarge difference of thermophysical parameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dissimilar alloy laser welding, and particularly to a laser dissimilar metal adaptive welding method and device based on blue light surrounding swing. Background Technique

[0002] With the rapid development of the new manufacturing industry, the structural construction of single materials can no longer meet the industrial development needs of the new manufacturing industry. Dissimilar metal composite structures have attracted much attention due to their advantages such as low cost, light weight, and high performance. However, the thermal physical properties of two dissimilar metals vary greatly, and their absorption rates of laser energy are also different. It is difficult to achieve high-quality connection by traditional welding methods or empirical trial-and-error methods. Therefore, how to achieve high-quality and high-strength connection of dissimilar materials has become one of the problems faced in promoting dissimilar metal composite materials.

[0003] To address the above problems, CN 109570763 B authorized in 2019 records a dissimilar metal laser swing method and dissimilar metal welding equipment, which realizes the connection of dissimilar metals by using a swinging laser with a certain offset, but cannot accurately predict the welding quality of multiple materials. CN 113001024 B authorized in 2023 records a laser welding method for dissimilar materials, which realizes stable connection between dissimilar materials by using a prefabricated intermediate layer. However, the prefabricated intermediate layer will cause other elements to be added to the molten pool, which is not conducive to the application requirements in special environments. Therefore, it is very necessary to design a laser dissimilar metal adaptive welding method and device based on blue light surrounding swing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser dissimilar metal adaptive welding method and device based on blue light surrounding swing.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions: The present invention provides a laser dissimilar metal adaptive welding method based on blue light surrounding swing, including: Obtain the welding material properties and laser welding process required for the composite laser welding process, and read relevant data from the database; Based on the laser welding power, the position of the heat source action, and the material properties, calculate the input amount of red-blue composite laser energy W absorbed by different metals during the welding process; Based on the characteristics of the welding material properties, obtain the total melting amount V of the dissimilar metal materials during the welding process; Solve the width B of the composite laser welding molten pool based on the laser welding swing amplitude A, calculate the depth C of the molten pool formed when the welded plate is infinitely thick based on this, compare it with the actual thickness H of the welded plate, determine the actual shape during laser welding, and combine relevant shape parameters to predict the composite laser welding weld appearance.

[0006] Preferably, based on the laser welding power, the heat source action position, and the material properties, calculate the red-blue composite laser energy input W absorbed by different metals during the welding process, specifically: Based on the laser welding power, the heat source action position, and the material properties, calculate the red-blue composite laser energy input W absorbed by different metals during the welding process, which is: In the formula, W is the red-blue composite laser energy input absorbed by different metals during the welding process, that is, the total absorbed energy during the composite laser welding process, W H1 、W H2 is the total red light energy input to the two metals, W L1 、W L2 is the total blue light energy input to the two metals, 、 is the absorption rate of the first metal to red light and blue light, 、 is the absorption rate of the second metal to red light and blue light, is the energy loss rate of the first metal, is the energy loss rate of the second metal; Among them, the total blue light energy input W L1 、W L2 is: In the formula, W L is the total blue light energy, d is the offset distance to the first metal, r is the light source action radius of the flat-top blue light; Among them, the total red light energy input W H1 、W H2 is: In the formula, W H is the total blue light energy, t 1 is the action time on the first metal, t 2 is the action time on the second metal, t 总is the total welding duration.

[0007] Preferably, based on the characteristics of the welding material properties, the total amount of dissimilar metal materials melted V during the welding process is obtained, specifically as follows: Based on the characteristics of the welding material properties, the total amount of dissimilar metal materials melted V during the welding process is: In the formula, V 1 is the total amount of the first metal melted, V 2 is the total amount of the second metal melted, C 1 is the specific heat capacity of the first metal, C 2 is the specific heat capacity of the second metal, T 1 is the melting point of the first metal, T 2 is the melting point of the second metal, k 1 is the average temperature coefficient of the molten pool of the first metal, k 2 is the average temperature coefficient of the molten pool of the second metal.

[0008] Preferably, based on the laser welding swing amplitude A, the width B of the composite laser welding molten pool is solved, and based on this, the depth C of the molten pool formed when the welding plate is infinitely thick is calculated, specifically as follows: Based on the laser welding swing amplitude A, the width B of the composite laser welding molten pool is solved, and based on the width B of the composite laser welding molten pool, the melting depth on the first metal side, the melting depth on the second metal side, and the depth of the molten pool near the second metal side are calculated, as follows: In the formula, x is the difference between the width of the oscillating welding track and the actual weld width, and this value is approximately equal to 0 when the welding power is less than 1000W, C 1 is the melting depth on the first metal side, C 2 is the melting depth on the second metal side, D is the depth of the molten pool near the second metal side.

[0009] Preferably, compare it with the actual thickness of the welding plate H to determine the actual shape during the laser welding process, and combine the relevant shape parameters to predict the weld morphology of the composite laser welding, specifically as follows: If D and C 2If a certain value between them exceeds 1.3 times of another value, the offset distance is adjusted in advance. d ; After meeting the above conditions, if C 1 and C 2 are both greater than the weld thickness H , then the weld shape is predicted. The specific prediction method is as follows: When C 1 and C 2 are 1 - 1.3 times of the weld thickness H , the shape of the molten pool presented is wine - glass - shaped; When C 1 and C 2 exceed 1.3 times of the weld thickness H , the molten pool will be penetrated and no molten pool can be formed; If C 1 is greater than the weld thickness H , then the weld shape is predicted. The specific prediction method is as follows: When C 1 is 1 - 1.3 times of the weld thickness H , the shape of the molten pool presented is wine - glass - shaped; When C 1 exceeds 1.3 times of the weld thickness H , the molten pool will be penetrated and no molten pool can be formed; If C 2 is greater than the weld thickness H , C 1 is less than the weld thickness H , then the weld quality in this case is poor and the offset distance needs to be adjusted d ; If C 1 and C 2 are both less than the weld thickness H , then the molten pool is arc - shaped, and increase the power or maintain the current state is selected according to the actual welding requirements.

[0010] The present invention also provides a laser dissimilar metal adaptive welding device based on blue light circumferential swing, comprising: a blue light laser welding system, a fiber laser welding system and a monitoring system during welding. The blue light laser welding system is used to output flat-top blue light for welding workpieces. The fiber laser welding system is used to output fiber laser for welding workpieces. The monitoring system during welding is used to obtain the weld appearance before welding, monitor the welding molten pool in real time, and adjust the swing trajectory and welding parameters.

[0011] Preferably, the blue light laser welding system includes a blue light laser generator, a blue light lens and a reflecting lens. The blue light laser generator generates a blue light beam, which passes through the blue lens to the reflecting lens and is output to the workpiece after reflection through a unidirectional lens.

[0012] Preferably, the fiber laser welding system includes a fiber laser generator, a fiber lens and a remote galvanometer. The fiber laser generator generates a fiber laser beam, which is output to the workpiece through the fiber lens, the remote galvanometer and a unidirectional lens.

[0013] Preferably, the monitoring system during welding includes an intelligent control device, a real-time monitoring device and a signal processor. The blue light laser generator and the fiber laser generator are connected to the signal processor through a signal bus. The real-time monitoring device is arranged opposite to the workpiece. The real-time monitoring device is connected to the signal processor, and the signal processor is connected to the intelligent control device.

[0014] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the following technical effects are disclosed: The present invention provides a laser dissimilar metal adaptive welding method and device based on blue light circumferential swing. The method includes obtaining the welding material properties and laser welding process required for the composite laser welding process, reading relevant data from a database, calculating the input amount W of red-blue composite laser energy absorbed by different metals during the welding process based on the laser welding power, the heat source action position and the material properties, obtaining the total melting amount V of the dissimilar metal materials during the welding process based on the characteristics of the welding material properties, solving the width B of the composite laser welding molten pool based on the swing amplitude A of the laser welding, calculating the depth C of the molten pool formed when the welding plate is infinitely thick based on this, comparing it with the actual thickness H of the welding plate to determine the actual shape during the laser welding process, predicting the composite laser welding weld appearance in combination with relevant shape parameters. The system includes a blue light laser welding system, a fiber laser welding system and a monitoring system during welding. The present invention improves the absorption rate of laser energy by dissimilar metals by adopting the red-blue composite swing welding method, and solves the problems of poor weld joint forming quality and low mechanical properties caused by the difference in laser absorption rate and large difference in thermal physical parameters between dissimilar metals through the rapid prediction of the weld shape after welding dissimilar metals. Description of the Drawings

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0016] Figure 1 Schematic flow chart of the laser dissimilar metal adaptive welding method based on blue light surrounding swing provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic structural diagram of the laser dissimilar metal adaptive welding device based on blue light surrounding swing provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Reference numerals: 1, blue light laser welding system; 10, blue light laser generator; 11, blue light lens; 12, blue light beam; 13, reflection mirror; 2, fiber laser welding system; 20, fiber laser generator; 21, fiber lens; 22, remote galvanometer; 23, fiber beam; 24, unidirectional lens; 3, in-process monitoring system; 30, intelligent control device; 31, real-time monitoring device; 32, signal bus; 33, signal processor; 4, workpiece. Detailed implementation manners

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser dissimilar metal adaptive welding method based on blue light surrounding swing, which improves the absorption rate of laser energy by dissimilar metals by means of red-blue composite swing welding, and solves the problems of poor weld joint forming quality and low mechanical properties caused by the difference in laser absorption rate and the large difference in thermal physical parameters of dissimilar metals through the rapid prediction of the weld shape after welding dissimilar metals.

[0020] To make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0021] Figure 1 For the method flow chart provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 shown, the present invention provides a laser dissimilar metal adaptive welding method based on blue light surrounding swing, including: In step 100, obtain the welding material properties and laser welding process required for the composite laser welding process, and read the relevant data from the database; In step 200, based on the laser welding power, the position of the heat source, and the material properties, calculate the input amount of red-blue composite laser energy W absorbed by different metals during the welding process; In step 300, based on the characteristics of the welding material properties, obtain the total melting amount V of dissimilar metal materials during the welding process; In step 400, solve the width B of the composite laser welding molten pool based on the laser welding swing amplitude A. Based on this, calculate the depth C of the molten pool formed when the welding plate is infinitely thick, compare it with the actual thickness H of the welding plate, determine the actual shape during the laser welding process, and combine the relevant shape parameters to predict the composite laser welding weld appearance.

[0022] The workpiece can be dissimilar difficult-to-weld metals such as aluminum, magnesium, and copper. The thickness of the plate is 1-4 mm and it is made of two metals, namely metal No. 1 and metal No. 2.

[0023] In step 200, based on the laser welding power, the position of the heat source, and the material properties, calculate the input amount of red-blue composite laser energy W absorbed by different metals during the welding process. Specifically: Based on the laser welding power, the position of the heat source, and the material properties, calculate the input amount of red-blue composite laser energy W absorbed by different metals during the welding process, which is: In the formula, W is the input amount of red-blue composite laser energy absorbed by different metals during the welding process, that is, the total absorbed energy during the composite laser welding process. W H1 、W H2 is the total sum of the red light energy input to the two metals. W L1 、W L2 is the total sum of the blue light energy input to the two metals. 、 is the absorption rate of the first metal to red light and blue light. 、 is the absorption rate of the second metal to red light and blue light. is the energy loss rate of the first metal. is the energy loss rate of the second metal; Among them, the total sum of the blue light energy W L1 、W L2 input to the two metals is: In the formula, W L is the total blue light energy, which is a known quantity. d is the offset distance to the first metal.r The acting radius of the light source for flat-top blue light; Among them, the total energy of red light W H1 、W H2 input to the two metals is: In the formula, W H is the total energy of blue light and is also a known quantity, t 1 is the acting time on the first metal, t 2 is the acting time on the second metal, t 总 is the total welding duration.

[0024] In step 300, based on the characteristics of the welding material properties, the total amount of dissimilar metal materials melted V during the welding process is obtained, specifically: Based on the characteristics of the welding material properties, the total amount of dissimilar metal materials melted V during the welding process is: In the formula, V 1 is the total amount of melting of the first metal, V 2 is the total amount of melting of the second metal, C 1 is the specific heat capacity of the first metal, C 2 is the specific heat capacity of the second metal, T 1 is the melting point of the first metal, T 2 is the melting point of the second metal, k 1 is the average temperature coefficient of the molten pool of the first metal, k 2 is the average temperature coefficient of the molten pool of the second metal.

[0025] In step 400, based on the laser welding swing amplitude A, the width B of the composite laser welding molten pool is solved, and based on this, the depth C of the molten pool formed when the welding plate is infinitely thick is calculated, specifically: Based on the laser welding swing amplitude A, the width B of the composite laser welding molten pool is solved, and based on the width B of the composite laser welding molten pool, the melting depth on the first metal side, the melting depth on the second metal side, and the depth of the molten pool near the second metal side are calculated, as: In the formula, xis the difference between the swing welding track width and the actual weld width, and this value is approximately equal to 0 when the welding power is lower than 1000W. C 1 is the melting depth on the first metal side. C 2 is the melting depth on the second metal side. D is the molten pool depth near the second metal side.

[0026] In step 400, compare it with the actual thickness of the welded plate H to determine the actual shape during the laser welding process. Combine relevant shape parameters to predict the composite laser welding weld appearance, specifically: If D and C 2 there is a value that exceeds 1.3 times of the other value, then pre-adjust the offset distance d ; After meeting the above conditions, if C 1 and C 2 are both greater than the weld thickness H , then predict the weld shape. The specific prediction method is: When C 1 and C 2 are 1 - 1.3 times of the weld thickness H , the molten pool shape presented is wine glass shape; When C 1 and C 2 exceed 1.3 times of the weld thickness H , the molten pool will be penetrated and no molten pool can be formed; If C 1 is greater than the weld thickness H , then predict the weld shape. The specific prediction method is: When C 1 are 1 - 1.3 times of the weld thickness H , the molten pool shape presented is wine glass shape; When C 1 exceed 1.3 times of the weld thickness H , the molten pool will be penetrated and no molten pool can be formed; If C 2 is greater than the weld thickness H , C 1Less than the weld thickness H , in this case, the weld quality is poor and the offset distance needs to be adjusted d ; If C 1 and C 2 are both less than the weld thickness H , then the molten pool is arc-shaped, and increase the power or maintain the status quo according to the actual welding requirements

[0027] As Figure 2 shown, the present invention also provides a laser dissimilar metal adaptive welding device based on blue light surrounding swing, including: a blue light laser welding system 1, an optical fiber laser welding system 2 and a welding monitoring system 3. The blue light laser welding system 2 is used to output flat-top blue light to weld the workpiece 4. The optical fiber laser welding system 3 is used to output optical fiber laser to weld the workpiece 4. The welding monitoring system 3 is used to obtain the weld appearance before welding and monitor the welding molten pool in real time, and adjust the swing trajectory and welding parameters

[0028] The blue light laser welding system 1 includes a blue light laser generator 10, a blue light lens 11 and a reflection lens 13. The blue light laser generator 10 generates a blue light beam 12, which passes through the blue lens 11 to the reflection lens 13 and is output to the workpiece after reflection

[0029] The optical fiber laser welding system 2 includes an optical fiber laser generator 20, an optical fiber lens 21 and a remote galvanometer 22. The optical fiber laser generator 20 generates an optical fiber beam 23, which passes through the optical fiber lens 21, the remote galvanometer 22 and the single lens 24 and is output to the workpiece 4

[0030] The welding monitoring system 3 includes an intelligent control device 30, a real-time monitoring device 31 and a signal processor 32. The blue light laser generator 10 and the optical fiber laser generator 20 are connected to the signal processor 33 through a signal bus 32. The real-time monitoring device 31 is arranged opposite to the workpiece 4. The real-time monitoring device 31 is connected to the signal processor 32, and the signal processor 32 is connected to the intelligent control device 30

[0031] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is the difference from other embodiments. The same and similar parts between each embodiment can be referred to each other

[0032] In this article, specific examples are used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser dissimilar metal adaptive welding method based on blue light surround swing, characterized in that: include: Obtain the welding material properties and laser welding process required for the hybrid laser welding process, and read the relevant data from the database; Based on the laser welding power, the location of the heat source and the material properties, the energy input W of the red-blue composite laser absorbed by different metals during the welding process is calculated; Based on the characteristics of welding material properties, the total amount of dissimilar metal materials melted during welding V is obtained; The width B of the composite laser welding molten pool is solved based on the laser welding swing amplitude A. Based on this, the molten pool depth C formed when the welding plate is infinitely thick is calculated. It is compared with the actual welding plate thickness H to determine the actual shape during the laser welding process. Combined with relevant shape parameters, the composite laser welding weld morphology is predicted.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Based on the laser welding power, the location of the heat source and the material properties, the energy input W of the red-blue composite laser absorbed by different metals during the welding process is calculated as follows: Based on the laser welding power, the location of the heat source and the material properties, the energy input W of the red-blue composite laser absorbed by different metals during the welding process is calculated as: Where W is the energy input of the red-blue composite laser absorbed by different metals during the welding process, that is, the total absorbed energy during the composite laser welding process, W H1 , W H2 is the total red light energy input to the two metals, W L1 , W L2 is the total blue light energy input to the two metals, , is the absorption rate of metal No. 1 to red light and blue light, , is the absorption rate of metal No. 2 to red light and blue light, is the energy loss rate of metal No. 1, is the energy loss rate of metal No. 2; Among them, the total blue light energy input to the two metals is W L1 , W L2 for: In the formula, W L is the total energy of blue light, d is the offset distance to metal No. 1, r is the light source effect radius of the flat top blue light; Among them, the total red light energy input to the two metals is W H1 , W H2 for: In the formula, W H is the total energy of red light, t 1 is the action time on metal No. 1, t 2 is the action time on metal No. 2, t 总 is the total welding time.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Based on the characteristics of welding material properties, the total amount of dissimilar metal material melted during welding V is obtained, specifically: Based on the characteristics of welding material properties, the total amount of dissimilar metal material melted during welding is obtained as: In the formula, V 1 is the total amount of metal No. 1 melted, V 2 is the total amount of metal No. 2 melted, C 1 is the specific heat capacity of metal No. 1, C 2 is the specific heat capacity of metal No. 2, T 1 is the melting point of metal No. 1, T 2 is the melting point of metal No. 2, k 1 is the average temperature coefficient of the No. 1 metal molten pool, k 2 is the average temperature coefficient of the No. 2 metal molten pool.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that Based on the laser welding swing amplitude A, the composite laser welding molten pool width B is solved, and based on this, the molten pool depth C formed when the welding plate is infinitely thick is calculated, specifically: Based on the laser welding swing amplitude A, the composite laser welding molten pool width B is solved. Based on the composite laser welding molten pool width B, the melting depth on the No. 1 metal side, the melting depth on the No. 2 metal side, and the molten pool depth close to the No. 2 metal side are calculated as follows: In the formula, x It is the difference between the swing welding track width and the actual weld width. When the welding power is lower than 1000W, this value is approximately equal to 0. C 1 is the melting depth of the No. 1 metal side, C 2 is the melting depth of the second metal side, D It is the molten pool depth close to the No. 2 metal side.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that Compare it with the actual welding plate thickness H By comparison, the actual shape during laser welding is determined, and the morphology of the hybrid laser welding weld is predicted by combining relevant shape parameters, specifically: like D and C 2 If one value is more than 1.3 times of the other value, the offset distance is adjusted in advance. d ; After the above conditions are met, if C 1 and C 2 Greater than the weld thickness H , the weld shape is predicted, and the specific prediction method is: when C 1 and C 2 is the weld thickness H If the melting point is 1-1.3 times of that of the original, the shape of the molten pool will be a wine glass shape; when C 1 and C 2 Exceeding the weld thickness H 1.3 times of that, the molten pool will be broken down and no molten pool can be formed; like C 1 Greater than weld thickness H , the weld shape is predicted, and the specific prediction method is: when C 1 is the weld thickness H If the melting point is 1-1.3 times of that of the original, the shape of the molten pool will be a wine glass shape; when C 1 Exceeding the weld thickness H 1.3 times of that, the molten pool will be broken down and no molten pool can be formed; like C 2 Greater than weld thickness H , C 1 Less than weld thickness H , then the weld quality is poor in this case and the offset distance needs to be adjusted d ; like C 1 and C 2 Less than the weld thickness H , the molten pool is in an arc shape. Choose to increase the power or maintain the status quo according to actual welding requirements.

6. A laser dissimilar metal adaptive welding device based on blue light surround swing, characterized in that: include: A blue laser welding system, a fiber laser welding system and a welding monitoring system. The blue laser welding system is used to output a flat-top blue light to weld the workpiece. The fiber laser welding system is used to output a fiber laser to weld the workpiece. The welding monitoring system is used to obtain the weld morphology before welding, monitor the welding molten pool in real time, and adjust the swing trajectory and welding parameters. The blue laser welding system comprises a blue laser generator, a blue lens and a reflective lens. The blue laser generator generates a blue light beam, which passes through the blue lens to the reflective lens, and is output to the workpiece through a one-way lens after reflection. The fiber laser welding system comprises a fiber laser generator, a fiber lens and a remote galvanometer. The fiber laser generator generates a fiber beam, which is output to a workpiece via the fiber lens, the remote galvanometer and the one-way lens.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that The welding monitoring system includes an intelligent control device, a real-time monitoring device and a signal processor. The blue light laser generator and the fiber laser generator are connected to the signal processor via a signal bus. The real-time monitoring device is arranged facing the workpiece. The real-time monitoring device is connected to the signal processor, and the signal processor is connected to the intelligent control device.

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