Cutting fine control method and device based on laser energy and light spot regulation and control

Abstract

The invention relates to an image data analysis technology, and discloses a cutting fine control method and device based on laser energy and light spot regulation, and the method comprises the steps: calculating the laser energy density according to the physical parameters of a cutting material, and obtaining the incision image data of cutting the material according to the laser energy density and the preset light spot width, calculating the cut uniformity according to the cut image data, judging whether the cut uniformity is greater than a preset uniformity threshold, and if the cut uniformity is less than or equal to the preset uniformity threshold, adjusting the light spot width according to the laser energy density, the light spot width and the cut uniformity, and after obtaining notch image data when the material is cut according to the laser energy density and the adjusted light spot width, returning to the step of calculating the notch uniformity, otherwise, confirming that the notch uniformity meets the requirement, and finely cutting the material to be cut based on the laser energy density, the light spot width and a preset cutting path. The laser cutting quality can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of image data analysis, and in particular, to a fine cutting control method and device based on laser energy and spot regulation. Background Art

[0002] In the field of modern industrial manufacturing, laser cutting technology is widely used in many key industries such as aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and electronic equipment production due to its significant advantages such as high precision, non-contact processing, and flexible cutting of complex shapes.

[0003] However, the current laser cutting technology still faces many problems to be solved urgently in achieving fine cutting. On the one hand, it is difficult to accurately regulate the laser energy. For materials to be cut with different materials, due to the huge differences in physical properties such as hardness, thermal conductivity, melting point, and absorption rate of laser wavelength, it is difficult to accurately match the appropriate laser energy density during the cutting process. If the energy density is too low, it may cause incomplete cutting of the material, such as incision adhesion; if the energy density is too high, it will cause excessive melting of the material, resulting in rough incisions and large heat-affected areas, seriously affecting the cutting quality and processing accuracy. On the other hand, the regulation of the spot width is not accurate and efficient enough. As a key factor determining the area size of the laser acting on the material, the spot width has a direct and important impact on the cutting effect. The existing spot regulation methods are difficult to quickly and accurately adjust according to the physical parameters of the material and the real-time cutting situation, and cannot meet the fine cutting requirements of different cutting materials. In addition, during the actual cutting process, there is a lack of a systematic and perfect method to comprehensively consider the synergistic effect of laser energy and spot width to achieve fine control of the cutting process, resulting in the cutting efficiency and quality being difficult to be effectively improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a fine cutting control method, system, device, and medium based on laser energy and spot regulation, and its main purpose is to solve the problem that the existing laser cutting method cannot regulate the laser energy density and spot width in real time according to the physical parameters of the material, thereby resulting in low cutting quality.

[0005] To achieve the above object, a fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation provided by the present invention includes: Optionally, calculating the laser energy density according to the physical parameters includes: Obtaining the hardness data, thermal conductivity data, melting point data, and absorption rate data included in the physical parameters; Calculating the main term of the energy density according to the hardness data, the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data, the absorption rate data, and the preset first calibration index and second calibration index; Perform a logarithmic operation based on the hardness data, the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data, and a preset weight parameter to obtain a logarithmic correction term; Perform an exponential operation based on the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data, the absorption rate data, and a preset growth control parameter to obtain an exponential coupling factor; Calculate the square root of the ratio of the hardness data and the thermal conductivity data, and calculate an intensity suppression term based on the square root and a preset intensity suppression parameter; Calculate the ratio of the exponential coupling factor to the intensity suppression term to obtain an energy density suppression term; Perform a multiplication operation based on the main energy density term, the logarithmic correction term, the energy density suppression term, and a preset proportionality constant to obtain the laser energy density.

[0006] Optionally, the calculation formula of the laser energy density is as follows: wherein, is the laser energy density, is a preset proportionality constant, is the hardness data, is the melting point data, is the absorption rate data, is the thermal conductivity data, is a first calibration index calculated in advance, is a second calibration index calculated in advance, is a preset weight parameter, is a preset growth control parameter, is a preset intensity suppression parameter.

[0007] Optionally, the obtaining of the cut image data when cutting a test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and a preset spot width includes: Obtain the initial cut image data of the material to be cut; Obtain the cut thermal imaging data of the material to be cut; Perform filtering processing on the initial cut image data according to the laser wavelength data obtained in advance to obtain filtered image data; Extract the cut edge data of the cut thermal imaging data based on threshold segmentation; Perform weighted fusion on the cut edge data and the filtered image data to obtain the cut image data.

[0008] Optionally, the calculating of the cut neatness according to the cut image data includes: Convert the incision image data into coordinate data based on a preset two-dimensional coordinate system to obtain first incision edge coordinate data and second incision edge coordinate data; Calculate the average ordinate of the first incision edge coordinate data and the second incision edge coordinate data to obtain a first average ordinate and a second average ordinate; Calculate the incision neatness according to the first incision edge coordinate data, the second incision edge coordinate data, the first average ordinate, and the second average ordinate.

[0009] Optionally, the calculation formula for the incision neatness is as follows: Wherein, is the incision neatness, is the sample number of the first incision edge coordinate data, represents the ordinate of the th coordinate data in the first incision edge coordinate data, is the first average ordinate, represents the ordinate of the th coordinate data in the second incision edge coordinate data, is the second average ordinate.

[0010] Optionally, the calculating the adjustment step according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the incision neatness includes: Calculate a neatness deviation value according to the incision neatness and the neatness threshold value; Perform a logarithmic operation on the neatness deviation value, calculate the ratio of the result of the logarithmic operation to the incision neatness to obtain a neatness deviation weight term; Perform an exponential operation on the spot width according to the difference between the incision neatness and the neatness threshold value to obtain an exponential operation result; Calculate the sum of the exponential operation result and the spot width, calculate the ratio of the sum result to the laser energy density, and multiply the calculated ratio by a preset step constraint weight to obtain an exponential weight term; After summing the neatness deviation weight term and the exponential weight term, obtain the adjustment step.

[0011] Optionally, the calculation formula for the adjustment step is as follows: Wherein, is the adjustment step, is the incision neatness, is the neatness threshold value, is the spot width, is the laser energy density, is a preset step constraint weight.

[0012] Optionally, adjusting the spot width according to the adjustment step includes: Calculating a ratio of the laser energy density to the spot width to obtain a ratio factor; Determining whether the ratio factor is greater than a preset ratio threshold; If the ratio factor is greater than the ratio threshold, adding the spot width to the adjustment step to obtain an adjusted spot width; If the ratio factor is less than or equal to the ratio threshold, subtracting the adjustment step from the spot width to obtain an adjusted spot width.

[0013] To solve the above problems, the present invention further provides a fine cutting control device based on laser energy and spot regulation, the device includes: A laser energy density calculation module, configured to obtain physical parameters of a material to be cut, and calculate the laser energy density according to the physical parameters; An image data acquisition module, configured to acquire incision image data when cutting a test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and a preset spot width; An incision neatness calculation module, configured to calculate the incision neatness according to the incision image data; A parameter adjustment module, configured to determine whether the incision neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold. If the incision neatness is less than or equal to the preset neatness threshold, calculate an adjustment step according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the incision neatness, adjust the spot width according to the adjustment step, and after acquiring the incision image data when cutting the test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the adjusted spot width, return to the step of calculating the incision neatness according to the incision image data in the incision neatness calculation module; A fine cutting module, configured to determine whether the incision neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold. If the incision neatness is greater than the preset neatness threshold, confirm that the incision neatness of the cutting material meets the requirements, and perform fine cutting on the material to be cut based on the laser energy density, the spot width, and a preset cutting path.

[0014] In an embodiment of the present invention, the physical parameters of the material to be cut are obtained, the laser energy density is calculated according to the physical parameters, the incision image data when cutting a test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and a preset spot width is obtained, the incision neatness is calculated according to the incision image data, and it is determined whether the incision neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold. If the incision neatness is less than or equal to the preset neatness threshold, the adjustment step size is calculated according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the incision neatness, the spot width is adjusted according to the adjustment step size, and after obtaining the incision image data when cutting the test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the adjusted spot width, the step of calculating the incision neatness according to the incision image data is returned. If the incision neatness is greater than the preset neatness threshold, it is confirmed that the incision neatness of the cut material meets the requirements, and the material to be cut is finely cut based on the laser energy density, the spot width, and a preset cutting path. Therefore, the fine cutting control method and device based on laser energy and spot regulation proposed by the present invention can solve the problem that the existing laser cutting method cannot adjust the laser energy density and spot width in real time according to the physical parameters of the material, resulting in low cutting quality. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of a fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a functional module diagram of a fine cutting control device based on laser energy and spot regulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] The realization, functional characteristics, and advantages of the purpose of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments with reference to the drawings. Detailed Embodiments

[0017] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0018] An embodiment of the present application provides a fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation. The execution subject of the fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation includes, but is not limited to, at least one of electronic devices such as a server, a terminal, etc. that can be configured to execute the method provided by the embodiment of the present application. In other words, the fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation can be executed by software or hardware installed on a terminal device or a server device, and the software can be a blockchain platform. The server includes, but is not limited to: a single server, a server cluster, a cloud server, or a cloud server cluster, etc. The server can be an independent server or a cloud server that provides basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communications, middleware services, domain name services, security services, Content Delivery Network (CDN), and big data and artificial intelligence platforms.

[0019] Referring to Figure 1 As shown, it is a schematic flow chart of a fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation includes: S1. Obtain the physical parameters of the material to be cut, and calculate the laser energy density according to the physical parameters.

[0020] In the embodiment of the present invention, the physical parameters may include hardness, thermal conductivity, melting point, and absorption rate.

[0021] Specifically, hardness directly affects the difficulty of laser penetration and cutting. Harder materials may require higher energy density to achieve effective cutting.

[0022] Specifically, thermal conductivity determines the speed of heat transfer of the material under the action of laser. For materials with high thermal conductivity, it is relatively difficult to accumulate laser energy in the cutting area. During cutting, the energy density needs to be accurately matched to prevent incomplete cutting caused by excessive heat dissipation.

[0023] Specifically, the determination of the melting point helps to set the upper limit of laser energy and prevent problems such as incision adhesion and roughness caused by excessive melting of the material.

[0024] Specifically, the absorption rate refers to the absorption ability of the material to be cut for the laser wavelength. Different materials have different absorption rates for different wavelength lasers.

[0025] In the embodiment of the present invention, the calculating the laser energy density according to the physical parameters includes: Obtain the hardness data, thermal conductivity data, melting point data, and absorption rate data included in the physical parameters; Calculate the main term of energy density based on the hardness data, the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data, the absorption rate data, and the preset first calibration index and second calibration index; Perform a logarithmic operation based on the hardness data, the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data, and the preset weight parameter to obtain a logarithmic correction term; Perform an exponential operation based on the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data, the absorption rate data, and the preset growth control parameter to obtain an exponential coupling factor; Calculate the square root of the ratio of the hardness data and the thermal conductivity data, and calculate an intensity suppression term based on the square root and the preset intensity suppression parameter; Calculate the ratio of the exponential coupling factor to the intensity suppression term to obtain an energy density suppression term; Perform a multiplication operation based on the main term of energy density, the logarithmic correction term, the energy density suppression term, and the preset proportionality constant to obtain the laser energy density.

[0026] In the embodiment of the present invention, the calculation formula of the laser energy density is as follows: Wherein, is the laser energy density, is the preset proportionality constant, is the hardness data, is the melting point data, is the absorption rate data, is the thermal conductivity data, is the first calibration index calculated in advance, is the second calibration index calculated in advance, is the preset weight parameter, is the preset growth control parameter, is the preset intensity suppression parameter.

[0027] Specifically, both the first calibration index and the second calibration index are indexes calculated in advance through experiments. The first calibration index can take 0.6, and the second calibration index can take 1.2. Specifically, the preset weight parameter can take 0.1.

[0028] Specifically, the growth control parameter can play a role in controlling the growth rate when calculating the laser energy density corresponding to materials with high reflectivity but extremely high melting points (such as tungsten).

[0029] Specifically, the intensity suppression parameter can play a role in suppressing the laser energy density when calculating the laser energy density corresponding to materials with high hardness but poor thermal conductivity (such as ceramics).

[0030] S2. Obtain the incision image data when cutting the test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the preset spot width.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present invention, the test area refers to the area pre-delineated in the material to be cut, which is usually not in the main area of the post-cutting. Without affecting the subsequent cutting, the incision generated according to the current laser energy density and spot width can be previewed.

[0032] In the embodiment of the present invention, the spot width is the diameter of the laser spot on the material surface, and the spot width determines the area of the region where the laser acts on the material.

[0033] In the embodiment of the present invention, the obtaining of the incision image data when cutting the test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the preset spot width includes: Obtain the initial incision image data of the material to be cut; Obtain the incision thermal imaging data of the material to be cut; Perform filtering processing on the initial incision image data according to the pre-obtained laser wavelength data to obtain filtered image data; Extract the incision edge data of the incision thermal imaging data based on threshold segmentation; Perform weighted fusion on the incision edge data and the filtered image data to obtain the incision image data.

[0034] Specifically, a thermal imaging sensor can be used to obtain the incision thermal imaging data of the material to be cut.

[0035] Specifically, the performing of filtering processing on the initial incision image data according to the pre-obtained laser wavelength data to obtain filtered image data means filtering the part with the same wavelength as the laser wavelength data in the initial incision image data.

[0036] In the embodiment of the present invention, the extracting of the incision edge data of the incision thermal imaging data based on threshold segmentation means extracting the part with a temperature greater than the preset temperature threshold in the incision thermal imaging data as the incision edge data.

[0037] In the embodiment of the present invention, the performing of weighted fusion on the incision edge data and the filtered image data to obtain the incision image data means fusing the incision edge data and the filtered image data according to a certain weight, and the weight can be determined through prior experiments to obtain the weight with the best fusion effect.

[0038] In the embodiment of the present invention, by obtaining the incision image data when cutting the test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the preset spot width, the efficiency of calculating the incision neatness subsequently can be improved.

[0039] S3. Calculate the incision neatness according to the incision image data.

[0040] In the embodiment of the present invention, the incision neatness is a parameter reflecting the smoothness of the incision of the material to be cut.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present invention, the calculating the incision neatness according to the incision image data includes: Converting the incision image data into coordinate data based on a preset two-dimensional coordinate system to obtain first incision edge coordinate data and second incision edge coordinate data; Calculating the average ordinate of the first incision edge coordinate data and the second incision edge coordinate data to obtain a first average ordinate and a second average ordinate; Calculating the incision neatness according to the first incision edge coordinate data, the second incision edge coordinate data, the first average ordinate and the second average ordinate.

[0042] In the embodiment of the present invention, since there are two edges of the incision of the material to be cut, two sets of data can be obtained when converting the incision image data into coordinate data.

[0043] In the embodiment of the present invention, the converting the incision image data into coordinate data based on a preset two-dimensional coordinate system is performed by taking the direction of the incision in the incision image data as the abscissa for conversion.

[0044] Specifically, the calculation formula of the incision neatness is as follows: Wherein, is the incision neatness, is the sample number of the first incision edge coordinate data, represents the ordinate of the th coordinate data in the first incision edge coordinate data, is the first average ordinate, represents the ordinate of the th coordinate data in the second incision edge coordinate data, is the second average ordinate.

[0045] S4. Determine whether the incision neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold.

[0046] If the incision neatness is less than or equal to a preset neatness threshold, then perform S5: Calculate an adjustment step according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the incision neatness.

[0047] In an embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment step is a parameter representing the size of a single adjustment to the spot width.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present invention, the calculating the adjustment step according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the incision neatness includes: Calculate a neatness deviation value according to the incision neatness and the neatness threshold; Perform a logarithmic operation on the neatness deviation value, calculate the ratio of the result of the logarithmic operation to the incision neatness, and obtain a neatness deviation weight term; Perform an exponential operation on the spot width according to the difference between the incision neatness and the neatness threshold to obtain an exponential operation result; Calculate the sum of the exponential operation result and the spot width, calculate the ratio of the sum result to the laser energy density, and multiply the calculated ratio by a preset step constraint weight to obtain an exponential weight term; After summing the neatness deviation weight term and the exponential weight term, obtain the adjustment step.

[0049] Specifically, the calculation formula of the adjustment step is as follows: Wherein, is the adjustment step, is the incision neatness, is the neatness threshold, is the spot width, is the laser energy density, is the preset step constraint weight.

[0050] In an embodiment of the present invention, when the incision neatness is less than or equal to the preset neatness threshold, by calculating the adjustment step according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the incision neatness, the accuracy of adjusting the spot width can be improved.

[0051] S6: Adjust the spot width according to the adjustment step. After obtaining the incision image data when cutting a test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the adjusted spot width, return to S3: Calculate the incision neatness according to the incision image data.

[0052] In an embodiment of the present invention, the adjusting the spot width according to the adjustment step includes: Calculate the ratio of the laser energy density to the spot width to obtain a ratio factor; Determine whether the ratio factor is greater than a preset ratio threshold; If the ratio factor is greater than the ratio threshold, add the spot width to the adjustment step length to obtain an adjusted spot width; If the ratio factor is less than or equal to the ratio threshold, subtract the adjustment step length from the spot width to obtain an adjusted spot width.

[0053] In the embodiment of the present invention, by adjusting the spot width according to the adjustment step length, the neatness of the subsequent cut of the material to be cut can be improved.

[0054] If the cut neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold, execute S7, confirm that the cut neatness of the cutting material meets the requirements, and perform fine cutting on the material to be cut based on the laser energy density, the spot width, and a preset cutting path.

[0055] In the embodiment of the present invention, when the cut neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold, it indicates that the cut neatness meets the requirements, and the parameter sizes of the current laser energy density and the current spot width match the physical parameters of the material to be cut.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present invention, when the cut neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold, the laser energy density, the spot width, and the physical parameters are stored, which is convenient for directly calling the laser energy density and the spot width when cutting the same material or materials with similar physical parameters later.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present invention, by obtaining physical parameters such as the hardness, thermal conductivity, melting point, and absorption rate of the material to be cut, and based on these parameters, preset exponents, and parameters, the laser energy density is calculated through a specific formula. In a pre - delimited test area of the material to be cut, cutting is performed according to the laser energy density and a preset spot width to obtain initial cut image data and cut thermal imaging data. After processing such as filtering, edge extraction, and weighted fusion, cut image data is obtained. The cut image data is converted into coordinate data, the average ordinate of the edge coordinate data is calculated, and then the cut neatness is calculated according to the formula. The cut neatness is compared with a preset threshold. If it is less than or equal to the threshold, the adjustment step length is calculated based on the laser energy density, the spot width, and the cut neatness, and then the spot width is adjusted according to the rule, and the cut image data is re - obtained and the neatness is calculated; if it is greater than the threshold, it is confirmed that the cut neatness meets the requirements, and fine cutting is performed according to the current laser energy density, the spot width, and the preset path, greatly improving the quality of laser cutting.

[0058] Such as Figure 2As shown in the figure, it is a functional module diagram of a cutting fine control device based on laser energy and spot regulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] The cutting fine control device 100 based on laser energy and spot regulation of the present invention can be installed in an electronic device. According to the functions achieved, the cutting fine control device 100 based on laser energy and spot regulation can include a laser energy density calculation module 101, an image data acquisition module 102, a cut neatness calculation module 103, a parameter adjustment module 104, and a fine cutting module 105. The modules of the present invention can also be referred to as units, which refer to a series of computer program segments that can be executed by the processor of an electronic device and can complete fixed functions, and are stored in the memory of the electronic device.

[0060] In this embodiment, the functions of each module / unit are as follows: The laser energy density calculation module 101 is used to obtain the physical parameters of the material to be cut and calculate the laser energy density according to the physical parameters; The image data acquisition module 102 is used to obtain the cut image data when cutting the test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the preset spot width; The cut neatness calculation module 103 is used to calculate the cut neatness according to the cut image data; The parameter adjustment module 104 is used to judge whether the cut neatness is greater than the preset neatness threshold. If the cut neatness is less than or equal to the preset neatness threshold, the adjustment step size is calculated according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the cut neatness, and the spot width is adjusted according to the adjustment step size. After obtaining the cut image data when cutting the test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the adjusted spot width, return to the step of calculating the cut neatness according to the cut image data in the cut neatness calculation module 103; The fine cutting module 105 is used to judge whether the cut neatness is greater than the preset neatness threshold. If the cut neatness is greater than the preset neatness threshold, it is confirmed that the cut neatness of the cutting material meets the requirements, and the material to be cut is finely cut based on the laser energy density, the spot width, and the preset cutting path.

[0061] Specifically, each module in the cutting fine control device 100 based on laser energy and spot regulation in the embodiment of the present invention adopts the same technical means as those Figure 1 in the cutting fine control method based on laser energy and spot regulation described above, and can produce the same technical effects, which will not be elaborated here.

[0062] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the modules is only a logical function division, and there can be other division methods in actual implementation.

[0063] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical units, that is, they can be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0064] In addition, in each embodiment of the present invention, the functional modules can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The above integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a combination of hardware and software functional modules.

[0065] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention, the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms.

[0066] Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be embraced by the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claimed rights.

[0067] The embodiments of the present application can acquire and process relevant data based on artificial intelligence technology. Among them, artificial intelligence (AI) is the theory, method, technology, and application system that uses a digital computer or a machine controlled by a digital computer to simulate, extend, and expand human intelligence, perceive the environment, acquire knowledge, and use knowledge to obtain the best results.

[0068] In addition, obviously, the term "including" does not exclude other units or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. The multiple units or apparatuses stated in the system claims can also be implemented by one unit or apparatus through software or hardware. The terms such as "first" and "second" are used to represent names and do not indicate any specific order.

[0069] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cutting fine control method based on laser energy and spot regulation, characterized in that: The method comprises: Acquiring physical parameters of the material to be cut, and calculating the laser energy density according to the physical parameters; Acquire incision image data when the test area of ​​the material to be cut is cut according to the laser energy density and the preset spot width; Calculating the incision regularity according to the incision image data; Determining whether the incision regularity is greater than a preset regularity threshold; If the incision regularity is less than or equal to a preset regularity threshold, the adjustment step length is calculated according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the incision regularity; The spot width is adjusted according to the adjustment step, and after obtaining the incision image data when the test area of ​​the material to be cut is cut according to the laser energy density and the adjusted spot width, returning to the step of calculating the incision regularity according to the incision image data; If the cut uniformity is greater than a preset uniformity threshold, it is confirmed that the cut uniformity of the cut material meets the requirements, and the material to be cut is finely cut based on the laser energy density, the spot width and the preset cutting path.

2. The cutting fine control method based on laser energy and spot regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calculating the laser energy density according to the physical parameters comprises: Acquiring hardness data, thermal conductivity data, melting point data and absorptivity data included in the physical parameters; Calculate the energy density main item according to the hardness data, the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data, the absorption rate data, and the preset first calibration index and second calibration index; Performing a logarithmic operation according to the hardness data, the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data and a preset weight parameter to obtain a logarithmic correction term; Performing exponential operation according to the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data, the absorptivity data and a preset growth control parameter to obtain an exponential coupling factor; Calculating a square root of a ratio of the hardness data to the thermal conductivity data, and calculating a strength suppression term according to the square root and a preset strength suppression parameter; Calculating the ratio of the exponential coupling factor to the intensity suppression term to obtain an energy density suppression term; The output laser energy density is obtained by performing a product operation based on the energy density main term, the logarithmic correction term, the energy density suppression term and a preset proportional constant.

3. The cutting fine control method based on laser energy and spot regulation as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the laser energy density is as follows: in, is the laser energy density, is the preset proportional constant, is the hardness data, For the melting point data, is the absorbance data, is the thermal conductivity data, is the pre-calculated first calibration index, is the pre-calculated second calibration index, is the preset weight parameter, is the preset growth control parameter, is the preset intensity suppression parameter.

4. The cutting fine control method based on laser energy and spot regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of incision image data when the test area of ​​the material to be cut is cut according to the laser energy density and the preset spot width includes: Acquiring initial incision image data of the material to be cut; Acquiring thermal imaging data of the cut of the material to be cut; Performing filtering processing on the initial incision image data according to the laser wavelength data acquired in advance to obtain filtered image data; Extracting incision edge data of the incision thermal imaging data based on threshold segmentation; The incision edge data and the filtered image data are weightedly fused to obtain the incision image data.

5. The cutting fine control method based on laser energy and spot regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculating the incision regularity according to the incision image data comprises: The incision image data is converted into coordinate data based on a preset two-dimensional coordinate system to obtain first incision edge coordinate data and second incision edge coordinate data; Calculating the average ordinate of the first incision edge coordinate data and the second incision edge coordinate data to obtain a first average ordinate and a second average ordinate; The incision uniformity is calculated according to the first incision edge coordinate data, the second incision edge coordinate data, the first average vertical coordinate and the second average vertical coordinate.

6. The cutting fine control method based on laser energy and spot regulation as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the incision uniformity is as follows: in, is the incision uniformity, is the number of samples of the first cut edge coordinate data, Indicates the first incision edge coordinate data The vertical coordinate of the coordinate data, is the first average ordinate, Indicates the first The vertical coordinate of the coordinate data, is the second average ordinate.

7. The cutting fine control method based on laser energy and spot regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calculating the adjustment step size according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the cut uniformity comprises: Calculating a regularity deviation value according to the incision regularity and the regularity threshold; Performing a logarithmic operation on the regularity deviation value, calculating a ratio of the logarithmic operation result to the incision regularity, and obtaining a regularity deviation weight item; Performing an exponential operation on the light spot width according to the difference between the cut regularity and the regularity threshold to obtain an exponential operation result; Calculating the sum of the index budget result and the spot width, calculating the ratio of the sum result to the laser energy density, and multiplying the calculated ratio by a preset step size constraint weight to obtain an index weight term; The adjustment step length is obtained by summing the uniformity deviation weight term and the exponential weight term.

8. The cutting fine control method based on laser energy and spot regulation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the adjustment step length is as follows: in, is the adjustment step size, is the incision uniformity, is the neatness threshold, is the spot width, is the laser energy density, is the preset step size constraint weight.

9. The cutting fine control method based on laser energy and spot regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of adjusting the light spot width according to the adjustment step size includes: Calculating the ratio of the laser energy density to the spot width to obtain a ratio factor; Determining whether the ratio factor is greater than a preset ratio threshold; If the ratio factor is greater than the ratio threshold, the light spot width is added to the adjustment step to obtain an adjusted light spot width; If the ratio factor is less than or equal to the ratio threshold, the adjusted spot width is obtained by subtracting the adjustment step from the spot width.

10. A cutting precision control device based on laser energy and spot regulation, characterized in that: The device comprises: A laser energy density calculation module, used to obtain physical parameters of the material to be cut and calculate the laser energy density according to the physical parameters; An image data acquisition module, used for acquiring incision image data when the test area of ​​the material to be cut is cut according to the laser energy density and the preset spot width; An incision regularity calculation module, used for calculating the incision regularity according to the incision image data; a parameter adjustment module, used for judging whether the incision regularity is greater than a preset regularity threshold value; if the incision regularity is less than or equal to the preset regularity threshold value, calculating an adjustment step length according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the incision regularity; adjusting the spot width according to the adjustment step length; obtaining incision image data when the test area of ​​the material to be cut is cut according to the laser energy density and the adjusted spot width; and returning to the step of calculating the incision regularity according to the incision image data in the incision regularity calculation module; The fine cutting module is used to determine whether the cut uniformity is greater than a preset uniformity threshold. If the cut uniformity is greater than the preset uniformity threshold, it is confirmed that the cut uniformity of the cut material meets the requirements, and the material to be cut is finely cut based on the laser energy density, the spot width and the preset cutting path.

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