Temporary protection scheme for protecting safety of operating personnel in unstable slope construction process

Abstract

The invention discloses a temporary protection scheme for protecting the safety of operators in an unstable slope construction process. According to the scheme, a rigid anti-impact structure capable of resisting rockfall impact and providing a refuge space for operating personnel is constructed on the side, facing an upslope, of a pre-built protective project within the range of a preset distance from the pre-built protective project. The temporary protection scheme is mainly applied to some areas with unstable side slopes, when a protection project is built below the side slopes, the rigid anti-impact structure can be built in advance according to the temporary protection scheme, and if the situation that hillstones fall off suddenly on the side slopes above during construction of the protection project occurs, the rigid anti-impact structure can be constructed according to the temporary protection scheme. Therefore, constructors can quickly escape to the rigid anti-impact structure and then hide in the rigid anti-impact structure, so that the constructors are prevented from being hit by falling rocks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of slope protection engineering, and particularly relates to a temporary protection scheme for protecting the safety of operators during the construction of unstable slopes. Background Art

[0002] China has a vast territory and complex terrain. Hidden dangers of falling rocks can be seen everywhere in mountainous areas, transportation arteries, etc., and the distribution range is extremely wide. Due to the sudden occurrence and high frequency of falling rock disasters, they pose a serious threat to human activities. The prevention and control of falling rock disasters is particularly important for the operation safety of transportation lines. During the construction of unstable slopes, due to the instability of the rock mass above the working surface, there is a risk of falling rocks or landslides, which poses a certain threat to the lives of construction workers below.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a temporary protection scheme that can be quickly assembled, quickly disassembled, reused, and adapted to slope adjustments, and apply it to unstable slopes to achieve the purpose of protecting the lives of construction workers below during the construction process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a temporary protection scheme for protecting the safety of operators during the construction of unstable slopes, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting the lives of construction workers below during the construction process.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: providing a temporary protection scheme for protecting the safety of operators during the construction of unstable slopes, the scheme includes: constructing a rigid impact-resistant structure on one side of the uphill surface of the pre-built protection project and within a predetermined distance from the pre-built protection project, which can resist the impact of falling rocks and provide a shelter space for operators;

[0006] Wherein, the predetermined distance is 10m to 30m;

[0007] Within the above-mentioned predetermined distance range, the best setting position of the rigid impact-resistant structure is determined according to the following steps:

[0008] S1. Establish a three-dimensional model of the mountain body of the cross-section where the pre-built protection project is located;

[0009] S2. Through the established three-dimensional model of the mountain body, conduct a falling rock analysis to obtain an envelope diagram of the bounce height of falling rocks at different falling positions and a statistical chart of the landing points of falling rocks at different falling positions;

[0010] S3. According to the above-mentioned envelope diagram of the bounce height of falling rocks at different falling positions and the statistical chart of the landing points of falling rocks at different falling positions, select the position with the best protection from falling rock impacts within the above-mentioned predetermined distance range as the best setting position of the rigid impact-resistant structure.

[0011] Furthermore, the side of the rigid anti-impact structure facing the uphill surface and its top side are both provided with a protective structure for resisting the impact of falling rocks, and the side of the rigid anti-impact structure away from the uphill surface is an open structure to facilitate workers to hide in the rigid anti-impact structure.

[0012] The temporary protection scheme of the present invention is mainly used in areas with unstable slopes. When constructing protection projects below such slopes (such as building passive protection nets), the rigid anti-impact structure can be built in advance according to the temporary protection scheme. If a sudden rock slide occurs on the upper slope during the construction of the protection project, the construction workers can quickly escape to the rigid anti-impact structure and then hide in the rigid anti-impact structure to avoid being hit by falling rocks. Thus, the temporary protection scheme of the present invention achieves the purpose of protecting the lives of construction workers below during the construction process.

[0013] Furthermore, a guide device is constructed on the side of the rigid anti-impact structure facing the uphill surface; the distance between the guide device and the rigid anti-impact structure is between 0.5m and 3.5m, and the upper part of the guide device is a saddle surface structure for diverting and guiding falling rocks.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S3, when selecting the position that is best protected from rockfall impact as the optimal location for the rigid impact-proof structure, the selection is made in the following manner:

[0015] First, define the coordinate value of the falling position as x, then count the maximum bouncing height of the falling rock counted at the x position as a, and count the number of falling rock points counted at the x position as b;

[0016] Afterwards, the coordinate corresponding to the minimum b value is found within the predetermined distance range, and the coordinate is located in the first coordinate interval;

[0017] Then, the coordinate corresponding to the minimum a value is found in the first coordinate interval, and is positioned in the second coordinate interval; the second coordinate interval is the optimal setting position of the rigid anti-impact structure.

[0018] The installation position selected according to the above steps can minimize the possibility of the rigid impact-proof structure being hit by falling rocks or by falling rocks with large kinetic energy, thereby further ensuring the safety of construction workers taking shelter under the rigid impact-proof structure.

[0019] Furthermore, the rigid impact-proof structure includes columns, beams, energy dissipation devices and column bases;

[0020] Each of the upright columns and each of the cross beams form a foldable and storable frame structure;

[0021] A damping device is provided at the bottom of each of the columns, and the damping device uses damping fluid for energy dissipation;

[0022] The bottom of each of the damping devices can be fixed in the mountain body through a column base;

[0023] The protection structure is a wire mesh or a steel plate, and a first buffer material for buffering the impact force of falling rocks is provided on the outer surface of the protection structure.

[0024] Furthermore, the damping device includes a cylinder body and a piston rod;

[0025] The cylinder body includes a first chamber and a second chamber; damping fluid is provided in the first chamber; the second chamber is located above the first chamber and communicates with the first chamber;

[0026] The top end of the piston rod is inserted into the first chamber from bottom to top, and the outer wall of the piston rod is sealed with the inner wall of the first chamber through a sealing ring.

[0027] Furthermore, the damping device further includes a connecting plate and a first ear plate;

[0028] The connecting plate is connected to the bottom of the column, and the lower surface is fixed to the top of the cylinder body;

[0029] The first ear plate is fixed to the bottom of the piston rod.

[0030] Furthermore, the column base includes a second ear plate, a base plate, and a tapered anchor;

[0031] The second ear plate can be connected to the first ear plate through a pin shaft, and after connection, the second ear plate is located below the first ear plate;

[0032] The base plate is fixed below the second ear plate;

[0033] The tapered anchors are used to be anchored into the mountain body, and the number of them is multiple; and each of the tapered anchors is evenly distributed and connected below the base plate, and the outer diameter of the tapered anchor gradually increases from top to bottom.

[0034] Furthermore, the saddle surface structure is made of a rigid material, and a second buffer material for buffering the impact force of falling rocks is provided on the surface of the saddle surface structure. Description of the Drawings

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the temporary protection plan for protecting the safety of operators during the construction of the unstable slope of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 is Figure 1Frame structure diagram of medium-rigid impact-resistant structure;

[0037] Figure 3 is Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the rigid impact-resistant structure after folding and storage;

[0038] Figure 4 is Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the X-shaped folding member of the medium-rigid impact-resistant structure. Among them, the left figure is the schematic diagram when the X-shaped folding member is folded and stored, and the right figure is the schematic diagram when the X-shaped folding member is unfolded;

[0039] Figure 5 is Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the rigid impact-resistant structure after setting the protection structure;

[0040] Figure 6 is Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the guiding device in;

[0041] Figure 7 is Figure 2 Schematic diagram when the column, energy dissipation device and column foot are connected to each other in;

[0042] Figure 8 is Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the energy dissipation device in;

[0043] Figure 9 Envelope diagram of the bounce height of the falling rock at different falling positions in the example;

[0044] Figure 10 Statistical chart of the landing points of the falling rock at different falling positions in the example. Specific implementation mode

[0045] The present invention will be further introduced in detail below in combination with specific embodiments, but the implementation mode of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0046] The present invention provides a temporary protection scheme for protecting the safety of operators during the construction of unstable slopes. Refer to Figure 1 , this scheme includes: constructing a rigid impact-resistant structure 100 that can resist the impact of falling rocks and provide a shelter space for operators on one side of the uphill surface of the pre-built protection project and within a predetermined distance from the pre-built protection project.

[0047] Generally, refer to Figure 5, on one side of the rigid impact protection structure 100 facing the uphill slope and on its top side, a protection structure 160 for resisting the impact of falling rocks is provided, while the side of the rigid impact protection structure 100 facing away from the uphill slope is an open structure, so as to facilitate the operators to take shelter in the rigid impact protection structure 100. That is, the rigid impact protection structure 100 constructs a temporary shelter space, which can provide temporary protection for the operators.

[0048] The pre-built protection project mentioned above refers to the protection project that has completed relevant measurements and is expected to be built. This protection project includes, but is not limited to, the passive protection net built beside highways or railways for intercepting falling rocks.

[0049] The temporary protection solution of the present invention is mainly applied to some areas with unstable slopes. When building a protection project (such as building a passive protection net) below such slopes, the rigid impact protection structure 100 can be erected in advance according to the above temporary protection solution. If a sudden rockfall occurs on the upper slope during the construction of the protection project, the construction workers can quickly escape to the rigid impact protection structure 100 and then take shelter in the temporary shelter space of the rigid impact protection structure 100 to avoid being hit by the falling rocks.

[0050] Preferably, in order to reduce the impact of falling rocks on the rigid impact protection structure 100, in some embodiments, a guiding device 200 is further constructed on one side of the rigid impact protection structure 100 facing the uphill slope. See Figure 1 . Generally, the distance between the guiding device 200 and the rigid impact protection structure 100 is between 0.5 m and 3.5 m, and about 2 m is the optimal setting distance.

[0051] The upper part of the guiding device 200 is a saddle surface structure 210, and this saddle surface structure 210 can be used to divert and guide the falling rocks. Specifically, the saddle surface is also called a hyperbolic paraboloid. See Figure 6 , which has the shape that the front and back surfaces are upturned and the left and right surfaces are respectively bent downward. This saddle surface structure 210 can adapt to different slopes, that is, the upturned arc structure on its front side can adapt to and be close to slopes with different gradients. In the present invention, the saddle surface structure 210 is made of high-strength steel, and a second buffer material 220 for buffering the impact force of falling rocks is also provided on its surface. Preferably, polyurethane material is usually used as the second buffer material 220.

[0052] When installing the guiding device 200, make the side of the saddle surface structure 210 facing the slope (that is, Figure 6 the front side in Figure 6At the same time, a support rod 230 needs to be provided at the bottom of the saddle surface structure 210 to support it. The upper end of the support rod 230 is connected to the bottom of the saddle surface structure 210, and the lower end is fixed relative to the mountain. When a rock falls onto the saddle surface structure 210, if the kinetic energy of the rock is large, after hitting the upper surface of the saddle surface structure 210, the rock may bounce up to a certain height and then continue to fall to the next landing point. During this process, since the side of the saddle surface structure 210 that is away from the slope is upwardly tilted, it helps to block the rockfall and can make the rockfall rebound in the opposite direction as much as possible to avoid hitting the rigid anti-impact structure 100 below. If the kinetic energy of the rockfall that hits the saddle surface structure 210 is small, the rockfall may not be able to bounce up. At this time, since the two sides of the saddle surface structure 210 are bent downward, the rockfall will slide along the left or right side of the saddle surface structure 210. The saddle surface structure 210 plays a role in diverting and guiding the rockfall, which can prevent the rigid anti-impact structure 100 from being hit too hard.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the predetermined distance mentioned above is 10m to 30m. That is, when constructing the rigid impact-proof structure 100, the distance between the rigid impact-proof structure 100 and the pre-built protection project should be between 10m and 30m.

[0054] In a more preferred embodiment, in order to reduce the possibility of the rigid impact-proof structure 100 being hit by falling rocks as much as possible, within the above-mentioned predetermined distance range, the optimal setting position of the rigid impact-proof structure 100 is determined according to the following steps:

[0055] S1. Establish a three-dimensional model of the mountain section where the pre-built protection project is located;

[0056] S2. Perform rockfall analysis by using the established three-dimensional mountain model to obtain an envelope diagram of rockfall bounce heights at different falling positions and a statistical diagram of rockfall landing points at different falling positions;

[0057] S3. Based on the envelope diagram of the rock bounce heights at different falling positions and the statistical diagram of the rock landing points at different falling positions, the position best protected from rock impact within the predetermined distance range is selected as the optimal setting position of the rigid impact-proof structure 100.

[0058] More specific.

[0059] In the above step S1, a three-dimensional model of the mountain can be established by using technologies such as airborne laser radar (Light Detection And Ranging, LiDAR), unmanned aerial vehicle terrain simulation flight or three-dimensional laser scanning.

[0060] In the above step S2, rockfall analysis can be carried out through existing software (for example, two-dimensional rockfall analysis software Rockfall, three-dimensional rockfall analysis software CRSP) to obtain the envelope diagram of the rockfall bounce height at different falling positions and the statistical chart of the rockfall landing points at different falling positions.

[0061] In the step S3, when selecting the position with the best protection against rockfall impact as the best setting position of the rigid anti-impact structure 100, it is selected in the following manner:

[0062] First, define the coordinate value of the falling position as x. Then, record the maximum bounce height of the rockfall statistically at the x position as a, and record the number of rockfall landing points statistically at the x position as b;

[0063] After that, find the coordinate corresponding to the minimum b value within the above-mentioned predetermined distance range, and position it as the first coordinate interval;

[0064] Then, find the coordinate corresponding to the minimum a value within the above first coordinate interval, and position it as the second coordinate interval; this second coordinate interval is the best setting position of the rigid anti-impact structure 100.

[0065] For example, in a certain pre-built protection project, the x coordinate of the pre-built protection project is at the -15m position. Since the distance between the rigid anti-impact structure 100 and the above protection project should be between 10m and 30m, the rigid anti-impact structure 100 should be constructed within the range of x coordinate from -25m to -45m; after establishing the three-dimensional model of the mountain body of the cross-section where the pre-built protection project is located in step S1, through the rockfall analysis in step S2, the envelope diagram of the rockfall bounce height at different falling positions is as Figure 9 shown, and the statistical chart of the rockfall landing points at different falling positions is as Figure 10 shown; within the range of x coordinate from -25m to -45m, according to Figure 9 it can be seen that the maximum bounce height a of the rockfall is relatively high within the range of x coordinate value from -25m to -37m (including), and is close to 0 within the range of x coordinate value from -37m (excluding) to -45m; according to Figure 10It can be seen that the statistical value b of the rockfall landing points has a relatively large number in the range where the x - coordinate value is from - 25m to - 30m (inclusive), and is close to 0 in the range where the x - coordinate value is from - 30m (exclusive) to - 45m. Therefore, according to the above - mentioned method, the coordinate corresponding to the minimum value of the b value is from - 30m (exclusive) to - 45m. That is, at this time, the first coordinate interval is (-30m, - 45m]. After that, within the first coordinate interval, the coordinate corresponding to the minimum value of the a value can be found to be (-37m, - 45m]. That is, at this time, the second coordinate interval is (-37m, - 45m]. Therefore, the coordinate interval (-37m, - 45m] is the optimal installation position of the rigid anti - impact structure 100. That is to say, in this example, the optimal installation position of the rigid anti - impact structure 100 is: constructed on one side of the uphill surface of the pre - built protection project and at a position 22m (exclusive) to 30m away from the pre - built protection project.

[0066] It can be seen that according to the installation position selected by the above steps, the possibility that the rigid anti - impact structure 100 is hit by rockfalls or rockfalls with a large kinetic energy can be reduced as much as possible, thereby further ensuring the safety of construction workers taking shelter under the rigid anti - impact structure 100.

[0067] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 2 , the rigid anti - impact structure 100 includes columns 110, cross - beams 120, energy - dissipating devices 130, and column feet 140.

[0068] Each of the columns 110 and each of the cross - beams 120 form a foldable and retractable frame structure.

[0069] A said energy - dissipating device 130 is provided at the bottom of each of the columns 110, and the energy - dissipating device 130 uses damping fluid for energy dissipation.

[0070] The bottom of each of the energy - dissipating devices 130 can be fixed in the mountain through a said column foot 140.

[0071] Referring to Figure 5 , the protection structure 160 is a wire mesh or a steel plate, and a first buffer material (not shown in the figure) for buffering the impact force of rockfalls is further provided on the outer surface of the protection structure 160. Preferably, polyurethane material is usually used as the first buffer material.

[0072] In the above structure, the protective structure 160 provided on one side and the top side of the uphill surface of the rigid impact protection structure 100 can effectively resist the impact of falling rocks. Especially after adding the first buffer material, it can reduce the impact kinetic energy to a certain extent and protect the rigid impact protection structure 100. Of course, the protective structure 160 and the first buffer material can also be provided on the left and right sides of the rigid impact protection structure 100. However, generally, it is only necessary to provide the protective structure 160 and the first buffer material on the uphill surface side and the top side that are directly impacted.

[0073] In the above structure, the purpose of setting the energy dissipation device 130 is to consume the impact kinetic energy of falling rocks and protect the rigid impact protection structure 100.

[0074] In the above structure, each column 110 and each cross beam 120 form a foldable and retractable frame structure, specifically as follows: Refer to Figures 2 to Figure 4 , the number of columns 110 is four, and the number of cross beams 120 is also four; among the four columns 110, an X-shaped folding member 150 is provided between the two left columns 110 and between the two right columns 110 respectively. Among them, the X-shaped folding member 150 is composed of two plate members 151 that are hinged to each other in the middle. The two ends of the two plate members 151 are respectively hinged to the two columns 110. Corresponding pin holes 1511 are also provided near the middle hinge point of the two plate members 151 to lock the state of the X-shaped folding member 150 when it is unfolded; the four cross beams 120 are respectively connected between the vertices of adjacent columns 100 as four horizontal sides. Among them, the left and right cross beams 120 are provided with V-shaped hinge structures 121 in the middle position. When the above frame structure needs to be unfolded, first separate the two front columns 110 from the two rear columns 110 to unfold the X-shaped folding member 150 and the V-shaped hinge structure 121. After the X-shaped folding member 150 is completely unfolded, insert a pin into the pin hole 1511 to lock the X-shaped folding member 150 in the unfolded state, and the unfolded state is as shown in Figure 2 Figure [the corresponding figure number]. When the above frame structure needs to be folded and retracted, first remove the pin in the pin hole 1511, and then make the two front columns 110 approach the two rear columns 110 to retract the above frame structure. The folded and retracted state is as shown in Figure 3 Figure [the corresponding figure number].

[0075] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 8 , the energy dissipation device 130 includes a cylinder block 131 and a piston rod 132.

[0076] The cylinder block 131 includes a first chamber 1311 and a second chamber 1312. A damping liquid 133 is provided in the first chamber 1311. The second chamber 1312 is located above the first chamber 1311 and communicates with the first chamber 1311 through a connecting hole 1313.

[0077] The piston rod 132 is made of a material with a negative Poisson's ratio. The top end of the piston rod 132 is inserted into the first chamber 1311 from bottom to top, and the outer wall of the piston rod 132 is sealed with the inner wall of the first chamber 1311 through a sealing ring 134. The sealing ring 134 is arranged at the opening of the bottom area of the first chamber 1311 to prevent the damping liquid 133 in the first chamber 1311 from leaking.

[0078] Further, the lower region of the first chamber 1311 is columnar, and the upper region is conical with a diameter gradually decreasing from bottom to top. The top of the piston rod 132 is conical and matches the shape of the upper region of the first chamber 1311.

[0079] Based on the above structure, the energy dissipation device 130 composed of the piston rod 132 and the cylinder block 131 belongs to a viscous damping device. When the rigid anti-impact structure 100 is impacted by a falling rock, the load of the falling rock causes the cylinder block 131 to move downward relative to the piston rod 132. During this process, affected by the viscosity of the damping liquid 133, the relative movement between the piston rod 132 and the first chamber 1311 can achieve the purpose of buffering and energy dissipation, and the damping liquid will be pushed into the second chamber 1312 by the piston rod 132, and at the same time, the air pressure in the second chamber 1312 will increase. When the load of the falling rock is removed, under the action of the high air pressure in the second chamber 1312, the damping liquid that entered the second chamber 1312 before will be pressed back into the first chamber 1311, and the cylinder block 131 will move upward relative to the piston rod 132 and return to the initial state for continued use.

[0080] Further, referring to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the energy dissipation device 130 further includes a connecting plate 135 and a first ear plate 136. The connecting plate 135 is connected to the bottom plate 111 at the bottom of the column 110 through bolts, and the lower surface is welded and fixed to the top of the cylinder block 131. The first ear plate 136 is fixed to the bottom of the piston rod 132.

[0081] Referring to Figure 7, the column base 140 includes a second ear plate 141, a base plate 142, and a tapered anchor 143. The second ear plate 141 can be connected to the first ear plate 136 through a pin shaft, and after connection, the second ear plate 141 is located below the first ear plate 136. The base plate 142 is fixed below the second ear plate 141. The tapered anchors 143 are used to be anchored into the mountain body, and the number of them is multiple. Each tapered anchor 143 is evenly distributed and connected below the base plate 142, and the outer diameter of the tapered anchor 143 gradually expands from top to bottom to increase the contact area with the foundation and improve the column base anchoring force.

[0082] When constructing the rigid anti-impact structure 100, first embed the tapered anchors 143 of each column base 140 in the foundation of the mountain body, then set the energy dissipation device 130 above the column base 140 through the connection between the first ear plate 136 and the second ear plate 141. After that, expand the frame structure formed by each column 110 and each cross beam 120 and lock the expanded state through a pin shaft. Then hoist the frame structure to the installation position, and then connect the bottom plate 111 of each column 110 and the connecting plate 135 at the top of the corresponding energy dissipation device 130 with bolts, and the construction of the rigid anti-impact structure 100 can be completed. Subsequently, install the guiding device 200 above the rigid anti-impact structure 100 at a position about 2 m away from the rigid anti-impact structure 100.

[0083] When the protection project below the rigid anti-impact structure 100 is completed, the rigid anti-impact structure 100 and the guiding device 200 can be removed, and then transported to the next construction area where the slope is unstable and temporary protection is needed, and installed again in the same way to continue to ensure the safety of the construction workers in the next construction area.

[0084] In summary, the temporary protection solution of the present invention has the advantages of being able to be quickly assembled, quickly disassembled, reusable, and adaptable to slope adjustment. When applied to unstable slopes, it can ensure the life safety of the construction workers below during the construction process.

[0085] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temporary protection scheme for protecting workers during construction of unstable slopes, characterized by: A rigid anti-impact structure (100) capable of withstanding the impact of falling rocks and providing a refuge space for workers is constructed on the side of the pre-built protection project facing the upslope and within a predetermined distance from the pre-built protection project; Wherein, the predetermined distance is 10m to 30m; Within the above-mentioned predetermined distance range, the optimal setting position of the rigid anti-impact structure (100) is determined according to the following steps: S1. Establish a three-dimensional model of the mountain section where the pre-built protection project is located; S2. Perform rockfall analysis by using the established three-dimensional mountain model to obtain an envelope diagram of rockfall bounce heights at different falling positions and a statistical diagram of rockfall landing points at different falling positions; S3. Based on the envelope diagram of the bounce heights of rocks at different falling positions and the statistical diagram of the landing points of rocks at different falling positions, the position that is best protected from the impact of rocks falling is selected within the predetermined distance range as the optimal setting position of the rigid impact-proof structure (100).

2. The temporary protection scheme for protecting the safety of workers during unstable slope construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The side of the rigid impact-proof structure (100) facing the upslope surface and the top side thereof are both provided with a protective structure (160) for resisting the impact of falling rocks, and the side of the rigid impact-proof structure (100) facing away from the upslope surface is an open structure, so that workers can hide in the rigid impact-proof structure (100).

3. The temporary protection scheme for protecting the safety of workers during unstable slope construction according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A guide device (200) is also constructed on the side of the rigid impact-proof structure (100) facing the uphill surface; the distance between the guide device (200) and the rigid impact-proof structure (100) is between 0.5 m and 3.5 m, and the upper part of the guide device (200) is a saddle surface structure (210) for diverting and guiding falling rocks.

4. The temporary protection scheme for protecting the safety of workers during unstable slope construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step S3, when selecting the position that is best protected from rockfall impact as the optimal installation position of the rigid impact-proof structure (100), the selection is made in the following manner: First, define the coordinate value of the falling position as x, then count the maximum bouncing height of the falling rock counted at the x position as a, and count the number of falling rock points counted at the x position as b; Afterwards, the coordinate corresponding to the minimum b value is found within the predetermined distance range, and the coordinate is located in the first coordinate interval; Then, the coordinate corresponding to the minimum a value is found in the first coordinate interval, and is positioned in the second coordinate interval; the second coordinate interval is the optimal setting position of the rigid anti-impact structure (100).

5. The temporary protection scheme for protecting the safety of workers during unstable slope construction according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The rigid impact-proof structure (100) comprises a column (110), a crossbeam (120), an energy dissipation device (130) and a column foot (140); Each of the upright columns (110) and each of the cross beams (120) form a foldable and storable frame structure; The bottom of each of the upright columns (110) is provided with an energy dissipation device (130), and the energy dissipation device (130) uses damping fluid to dissipate energy; The bottom of each energy dissipation device (130) can be fixed in the mountain through a column foot (140); The protective structure (160) is a steel mesh or a steel plate, and the outer surface of the protective structure (160) is also provided with a first buffer material for buffering the impact force of falling rocks.

6. The temporary protection scheme for protecting the safety of workers during unstable slope construction according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The energy dissipation device (130) comprises a cylinder body (131) and a piston rod (132); The cylinder body (131) comprises a first chamber (1311) and a second chamber (1312); a damping fluid (133) is arranged in the first chamber (1311); the second chamber (1312) is located above the first chamber (1311) and is in communication with the first chamber (1311); The top end of the piston rod (132) is inserted into the first chamber (1311) from bottom to top, and the outer wall of the piston rod (132) and the inner wall of the first chamber (1311) are sealed by a sealing ring (134).

7. The temporary protection scheme for protecting the safety of workers during unstable slope construction according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The energy dissipation device (130) further comprises a connecting plate (135) and a first ear plate (136); The connecting plate (135) is connected to the bottom of the column (110), and the lower surface is fixed to the top of the cylinder (131); The first ear plate (136) is fixed to the bottom of the piston rod (132).

8. The temporary protection scheme for protecting the safety of workers during unstable slope construction according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The column foot (140) comprises a second ear plate (141), a base plate (142) and a conical anchor (143); The second ear plate (141) can be connected to the first ear plate (136) via a pin, and after the connection, the second ear plate (141) is located below the first ear plate (136); The base plate (142) is fixed below the second ear plate (141); The conical anchors (143) are used to be anchored into a mountain, and there are a plurality of them; each of the conical anchors (143) is evenly connected below the base plate (142), and the outer diameter of the conical anchors (143) gradually increases from top to bottom.

9. The temporary protection scheme for protecting the safety of workers during unstable slope construction according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The saddle surface structure (210) is made of a rigid material, and a second buffer material (220) for buffering the impact of falling rocks is also provided on the surface of the saddle surface structure (210).

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