A method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of material performance testing, and discloses a method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials, comprising the following steps: Step 1, setting a sample A and a sample B; the sample A is made of a tool material to be tested, and is provided with a prism; the sample B is made of a material to be ground against the tool material to be tested, and is provided with a cylindrical area; Step 2, fixing the sample A and the sample B on a machine tool having at least one rotating spindle and two translation axes, and controlling the machine tool so that the sample A performs multi-stage motion relative to the sample B along a preset trajectory; Step 3, analyzing the force data measured by a force measuring device and obtaining the wear resistance of the tool material. The present invention can be used to solve the technical problems of existing wear resistance testing methods, such as high testing cost, low test result reliability, and small test range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of material performance testing, and in particular to a method for testing the wear resistance of cutting tool materials. Background Art

[0002] Wear is one of the main forms of material failure, and it is even more common for cutting tools. Therefore, testing the wear resistance of cutting tools has always been one of the indispensable basic tests in the cutting tool industry. The wear resistance refers to the ability of the cutting tool material to resist the wear of the cutting tool material itself, which is mainly caused by friction, when there is a certain pressure between the cutting tool material and other materials and relative movement occurs. For the wear resistance test, the existing test methods can generally be divided into two types: one is the cutting life test. The essence of this test is to test the life of the cutting tool when the cutting edge wears to a certain extent during actual processing. Of course, even though the purpose of testing the life of the cutting tool is very different from testing the wear resistance of the cutting tool, this method has become a common means for many cutting tool businesses to indirectly characterize the wear resistance of the cutting tool because of its simplicity, convenience and the fact that no additional equipment needs to be purchased.

[0003] The second method is to use a tribometer for testing. A tribometer is a relatively standardized wear testing device, typically a complete set of modular equipment. It features a wide variety of wear types, including ball-on-disc, disk-on-disc, pin-on-disc, four-ball, and block-on-ring. Its operating principle is relatively simple and can be summarized as follows: It simulates the friction and wear process under different operating conditions by applying a certain load and relative motion. Finally, a microscope or other equipment is used to observe and calculate the wear volume.

[0004] Analyzing these two existing detection methods, the disadvantage of the first type is that wear under actual cutting conditions is actually extremely complex and is determined by a large number of nonlinear factors. This result is affected by chipping and micro-chipping, the vibration caused by cutting force, the superposition of vibrations caused by insufficient machine tool rigidity, the limited range of optional cutting parameters, and the different heat-affected zones, air exchange zones, and cutting force distribution zones where the cutting edge is located during cutting. Therefore, for the indicator of wear resistance, the characterization ability of this method is relatively limited.

[0005] While the second method, friction and wear testing machines, provides relatively stable parameters and avoids the many issues caused by the interplay of multiple factors, still present some significant drawbacks. For example, friction and wear testing systems are less suitable for testing tool wear resistance. For tool substrates or coatings, the commonly used friction and wear test method involves point-to-surface contact, using a silicon carbide or stainless steel ball to perform reciprocating wear on a tool plate (or disc). This method is too limited for a tool with a wide range of contact surfaces and cannot represent the wear resistance of a material subjected to friction with other materials. However, manufacturing high-precision small balls made of various steel, aluminum, and titanium alloys for testing is impractical. Furthermore, friction and wear testing machines are generally expensive, leading manufacturers to opt for them rather than purchasing them and instead outsource testing to testing agencies. This creates a complex selection process for testing clients. For example, many testing agencies have domestic friction and wear instruments with limited wear types available. High-temperature wear testing is relatively rare, and equipment capable of fretting wear testing is even more sophisticated and scarce. While large-scale wear instruments from abroad can meet these requirements, the testing costs are exponentially higher. These issues further lengthened R&D cycles, increased various costs, and significantly reduced convenience and practicality. Furthermore, for single-crystal diamond and some R&D products, the sample size and structure required for friction and wear testing cannot be manufactured, making testing impossible and limiting its scope of application.

[0006] In addition, some methods proposed in existing patents for testing wear resistance using dynamometers and machine tools also have defects:

[0007] Specifically, firstly, the uneven distribution of contact area and stress caused by surface-to-surface contact affects the accuracy and repeatability of the test results. Most existing patents (such as the material friction and wear performance testing device and test method disclosed in the patent with publication number CN105352834B) use the surface-to-surface contact method. Under this method, when conducting wear resistance tests, because there is no ideal plane in reality, the contact area between the contact surfaces is difficult to determine, and the angle between the contact surfaces is also difficult to guarantee. This leads to uneven stress distribution on the contact surfaces during wear, with high-stress areas wearing first and low-stress areas less likely to wear. The final measured force will be unknown in both directions of area and stress, resulting in an inability to obtain effective results when analyzing wear resistance. In addition, when comparing different material groups, because there are errors in surface flatness and parallelism, the contact area and stress magnitude cannot be unified, which will make it impossible to compare the wear resistance analysis values ​​horizontally. Taking a step back, even if a certain error is allowed, using samples with surface flatness reaching the micron level after fine processing for wear capacity testing, and carefully adjusting the accuracy of sample clamping, will introduce the problem of changes in the contact surface morphology of the sample after each wear test and changes in the physical properties of the sample surface. The sample needs to be re-ground and re-clamped, doubling the workload. The sample preparation in the entire test process is complicated and inefficient. This is also a problem existing in many non-surface contact wear test methods.

[0008] Secondly, the test time is too long, and the counter-grinding material has a significant impact on the test, making it difficult to effectively analyze the wear resistance of the tool material. Because tool materials are generally very wear-resistant, the time required to measure effective tool wear in surface-to-surface contact is also very long. Moreover, under such working conditions, the wear rate of the material grinding against the tool material often has the greatest impact on the force curve. Therefore, it is unrealistic to analyze effective data from the force curve obtained in this process.

[0009] Third, unclear test conditions lead to distorted results and inability to compare horizontally. Existing patents (such as the patent with publication number CN105136597B, which discloses a method and device for measuring the friction and wear properties of materials) mostly suffer from unclear conditions, undefined processes, and incomplete disclosure. This is because the force data obtained from different contact paths also contains different information, and different contact morphologies will also lead to different results. Therefore, if nothing is specified, there are no requirements for accuracy, no requirements for fit, and no requirements for contact surface treatment methods. All of the contents described in the first item will cause distortion of the results. As a result, the measured results can only be used for simple friction coefficient calculations, but not for the subsequent wear resistance analysis described therein. Even if a result is calculated, it cannot be compared horizontally due to the error in the result, making it difficult to generate the value of comparing different materials for wear resistance analysis. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The present invention aims to provide a method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials, which is used to solve the technical problems of existing wear resistance testing methods, such as high testing cost, low reliability of test results, and small testing range.

[0011] The basic scheme provided by the present invention is:

[0012] A method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials comprises the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Set up sample A and sample B. Sample A is made of a tool material used for testing and has a prism formed thereon. The prism is composed of two intersecting planes and a convex edge formed by the intersecting planes. The convex edge is a straight line. Sample B is made of a material used for grinding with the tool material used for testing and has a cylindrical area formed thereon. The cylindrical area has only one cylindrical surface, and the cylindricity of the cylindrical surface is less than 1 mm.

[0014] Step 2: Fix sample A and sample B on a machine tool with at least one rotary spindle and two translation axes, so that the straight edge of sample A is perpendicular to the central axis of the cylindrical surface of sample B, and the two intersecting planes of the prism each form an angle θ1 and an angle θ2 with the central axis that are greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees; drive sample B at a speed of 1 mm / min~ The machine rotates around the central axis at a linear speed of mm / min, and controls the machine tool so that sample A moves relative to sample B along a preset trajectory in multiple stages:

[0015] The first stage is the contact stage. In this stage, there is a movement X generated by sample A relative to sample B. At the beginning of the movement X, the straight edge is not in contact with the cylindrical surface. The distance from the straight edge to the central axis is R1, and the distance from the maximum diameter of the cylindrical surface to the central axis is R2. At the end of the movement X, the straight edge comes into contact with the cylindrical surface, and at this time, The spatial position of the straight edge relative to the cylindrical area at the end of motion X is regarded as the initial contact state;

[0016] The second stage is the wear stage. In this stage, there is one or more movements Y between sample A and sample B. After the movement Y ends, the relative positions of samples A and B do not change and continue for T hours, causing the two samples to wear. ; The motion Y, when the motion starts, the straight line edges are in the initial contact state, and when the motion Y ends, In the motion Y, the speed of each motion is 0.001 mm / min~ mm / min, and each movement makes sample A and sample B contact and generate relative pressure;

[0017] During this phase, the velocity vector of motion Y at any moment lies within plane R, which is a set of planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Force data generated during this phase is recorded using force measuring equipment.

[0018] Step 3: Analyze the force data measured by the force measuring device and obtain the wear resistance of the tool material.

[0019] Furthermore, when the cylinder of the sample B rotates around the central axis, its cylindricity is less than 0.1 mm.

[0020] Furthermore, the straight edges of the sample A are provided with fillets or chamfers; the fillet radius or chamfer width is less than 0.05 mm and greater than 0.001 m.

[0021] Furthermore, the directions of the movement X and the movement Y are both perpendicular to the straight line edge.

[0022] Furthermore, the length s of each motion segment in motion X and motion Y satisfies: .

[0023] Furthermore, the length s of each motion segment in motion X and motion Y satisfies: .

[0024] Furthermore, a groove group or slots are provided on the cylindrical area of ​​the sample B.

[0025] Furthermore, the angle θ1 and the angle θ2 satisfy: .

[0026] Furthermore, the angle θ1 and the angle θ2 satisfy: .

[0027] Furthermore, during the exercise X, a force measuring device is used for real-time monitoring.

[0028] The working principle and advantages of the present invention are:

[0029] The present invention provides a method for testing the wear resistance of cutting tool materials, which provides a new testing route with low testing cost, reliable test results and a wide range of test applications. It can effectively solve various problems existing in the prior art, with the key points being:

[0030] First, the present invention has high testing convenience, short testing time, low testing cost, and reliable test results. The present invention selects CNC machine tools that are generally available when producing or using tool materials as the main carrier, which facilitates testers to test and adjust tool materials in a timely manner. In terms of material preparation, the present invention only requires a cylinder and a prism to meet the test requirements, and the shape is convenient to make; secondly, compared with the existing technology, the present invention has lower requirements for the accuracy of the sample, and ordinary machine tools can be used to complete the sample processing. The processed cylindrical sample only produces one annular cutting line for each test. The wear area of ​​a single experiment is small, the time is short, and the entire cylindrical surface can be reused many times to produce multiple wear performance test results. Compared with the existing technology, the complex sample preparation process, the reprocessing process for each test, and the repeated clamping process are eliminated, thereby greatly improving the convenience. In addition, through the specific relative motion trajectory constraint during wear, the present invention can provide a more effective and controllable wear path, so that the test results are stable and reliable.

[0031] Second, the present invention has a wide range of testing applications. It is applicable to virtually any tool material, and the tool material can be ground against almost any desired material. Furthermore, the present invention can control the contact stress during wear by adjusting the feed rate when the prism wears the cylinder. The wear zone temperature can also be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the cylinder's rotation speed, cooling conditions, and contact area, providing high testing flexibility.

[0032] Third, this solution offers strong test controllability. The testing process is conducted on machine tools, which can typically measure shaft displacements in micrometers. Displacement directions and lengths are also more diverse than with traditional wear resistance testing methods (as described in the background). Therefore, the data obtained from force measurement can be used to specifically reverse-engineer a large number of wear test trajectories, thereby determining the wear resistance of the tested material.

[0033] In summary, the present invention is different from the wear resistance test characterized by the traditional life test. It can eliminate many factors that affect the wear results, such as cracks, strength limits, morphological changes, large impact loads, complex vibration superposition, etc., and only retains the working conditions of friction and wear of materials under pressure, which greatly improves the stability and reliability of the results measured by the single-factor wear test. Secondly, it is also different from the test based on the friction and wear tester. It can provide a fast, convenient, easy to control, universal and extremely low-cost reliable testing method for the personnel who produce, develop and use cutting tool materials. In addition, since the testing method of the present invention is to simulate the wear test of the cutting edge and contact characteristics of the cutting tool itself when it is used, and the testing environment is also inside the machine tool, it is closer to the actual working conditions than the traditional testing method, and the reliability of the test results is also higher.

[0034] In particular, compared to the existing patents described in the background, while the present invention also utilizes force measuring equipment and machine tools, it offers enhanced operability, higher testing accuracy and reliability, higher testing efficiency, and greater testing consistency. Furthermore, it does not suffer from the defects found in the existing patents described in the background.

[0035] The present invention specifically adopts a line contact form, realizing an innovation in the geometric contact form, and strictly defines the mode and path of line contact (corresponding to the specially made samples A and B, and the motion X and motion Y generated by the relative motion). Combined with multi-stage relative motion testing, it can systematically solve the problems of contact uncertainty, long cycle, and data incomparability in existing wear testing.

[0036] Specifically, firstly, the prism convex edge of sample A forms line contact with the cylindrical surface of sample B (rather than traditional surface contact), and the geometric contact area is simplified to a straight line. By precisely controlling the straightness of the convex edge and the roundness of the cylinder, the certainty of the contact line length s can be ensured (s = effective contact length of the cylinder). The contact length of the line contact is uniquely determined by the geometric dimensions of the cylinder, avoiding the problem of uncontrollable contact area caused by flatness in surface contact. In addition, the contact stress under line contact follows the Hertz contact theory, and the stress distribution is semi-elliptical, avoiding the problem of local high stress concentration in surface contact. In addition, the theoretical contact pressure can be directly calculated based on the existing Hertz formula, which improves the comparability of the data.

[0037] Secondly, under line contact conditions, the contact pressure is high, which can effectively accelerate the wear process of the tool material and improve testing efficiency. During the loading of the motion Y, the contact line between the prism convex edge and the rotating cylinder forms a moving friction pair, which can accurately simulate the tool cutting speed and break the speed limit of traditional reciprocating friction testers.

[0038] Third, the sample preparation of the present invention is simplified. The convex edge of the prism only needs to ensure straightness, and the roundness error of the cylinder is controllable, which is convenient for repeated testing. In addition, during the test process, the continuous rotation of sample B makes the contact line evenly distributed along the circumference of the cylinder. The dynamic update of the contact area in a single test can reduce the interference of local morphological changes on the data and reduce test errors. Through the detailed definition of multiple dimensions such as contact path, contact morphology, contact accuracy, and contact stage, the present invention can accurately control test variables, reduce interference factors, improve test accuracy, and ensure that the test results have high consistency and horizontal comparability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a method flow in Example 1 of a method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the relationship between sample A, sample B, straight edge L1 and plane R in Example 1 of a method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of perspective No. 1;

[0042] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of perspective No. 2;

[0043] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the relationship between sample A and sample B in Example 2 of a method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram from another perspective;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of sample B in Example 4 of a method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials according to the present invention;

[0046] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the relationship between sample A and sample B in Example 5 of a method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Schematic diagram from another perspective;

[0048] Figure 10 This is a schematic structural diagram of sample B in Example 8 of a method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials according to the present invention;

[0049] Figure 11 for Figure 10 Schematic diagram from another perspective.

[0050] The symbols in the drawings of the specification include: A——sample A, B——sample B, R——plane R, L1——linear edge L1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following is a further detailed description through specific implementation methods:

[0052] Example 1

[0053] A method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials comprises the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: Set up sample A and sample B.

[0055] Sample A is made of tool material used for testing. This refers to commonly used hard materials for cutting, including high-hardness materials such as high-speed steel, cermets, high-entropy alloys, cubic boron nitride, and diamond. Sample A is also provided with a prism composed of two intersecting planes and a convex edge formed by the intersecting planes; the convex edge is a straight edge. The two intersecting planes have an included angle of less than 180 degrees and greater than 0 degrees, and the specific angle can be adjusted as needed. A plane P lies between the two intersecting planes, and the two intersecting planes are symmetrical about plane P.

[0056] The sample B is made of a material used for grinding with a tool material to be tested, and is provided with at least one cylinder having a cylindrical surface.

[0057] In this embodiment, when setting sample A and sample B, it specifically includes:

[0058] A carbide insert was used as the tool material for the test. The carbide insert was pressed into a 10mm*10mm*5mm rectangular insert, and the six flat surfaces were ground on a surface grinder to obtain a rectangular sample with a relatively smooth surface. This rectangular sample was used as sample A. At this time, the insert had 12 straight edges that could be used for testing. Because only flat surface grinding was performed, the straight edges formed could not be said to be ideal sharp corners, but in engineering terms, they could be considered too sharp without filleting or chamfering.

[0059] GCr15 bearing steel was used as the material for grinding against the tool material being tested. A cylindrical bar with a height of 50 mm and a diameter of 20 mm was processed into this steel, designated Sample B. The cylindrical surface of Sample B exhibited a cylindricity of less than 0.05 mm when rotating about the central axis of the cylinder. Under these conditions, this small cylindricity prevented the discontinuous impact of the cylindrical surface on the straight edge and alternating thermal stresses, which could introduce additional wear effects when the straight edge came into contact with the cylindrical surface.

[0060] Step 2: Test using a machine tool with at least one rotary spindle and two translational axes. Place samples A and B on the machine tool so that the straight edge of sample A is perpendicular to the central axis of the cylindrical surface of sample B, and the two intersecting planes of the prism each form an angle θ1 and an angle θ2 with the central axis that are greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees. In this embodiment, the angles θ1 and θ2 satisfy the following conditions: Drive sample B at 1mm / min~ The machine tool rotates around the central axis at a linear speed of mm / min, and controls the machine tool so that sample A moves relative to sample B along a preset trajectory in multiple stages.

[0061] Specifically, in this embodiment, a CNC machine tool equipped with a worktable and a three-axis machining center was used for testing, with the X, Y, and Z axes orthogonal. Sample B was clamped directly to the spindle toolholder of the three-axis machining center, with one end of Sample B clamped and the other end free. The clamping length was set to 25 mm. The machine's spindle was responsible for Z-direction movement; the centerline of Sample B was parallel to the Z-axis of the machine's spindle; and the machine's worktable was responsible for X- and Y-direction movement. After adjusting the clamping of Sample B, the measured circular runout of any axis on cylindrical surface 1 was less than 0.01 mm.

[0062] Use flat-nose pliers to clamp the two sides of sample A and adjust their angles so that one straight edge serves as the straight edge L1 for testing, as shown in the figure. Figure 2 As shown, the angle between the two intersecting planes forming the straight edge L1 is 90 degrees, and the angle between the two planes and the central axis of the bar (sample B) is 45 degrees, that is, θ1=θ2=45°, as shown Figure 3 、 Figure 4 As shown, R is plane R. In this embodiment, plane R coincides with plane P. After the blade (sample A) angle is adjusted, fix the flat-nose pliers on the workbench so that the parallelism between the blade's straight edge and the machine tool's X-axis is less than 2 .

[0063] Keeping the sample B in continuous rotation, the sample A is controlled to perform multi-stage relative motion along a preset trajectory. The multi-stage relative motion includes:

[0064] The first stage is the contact stage. In this stage, there is a movement X generated by sample A relative to sample B. At the beginning of the movement X, the straight edge is not in contact with the cylindrical surface. The distance from the straight edge to the central axis is R1, and the distance from the maximum diameter of the cylindrical surface to the central axis is R2. At the end of the movement X, the straight edge comes into contact with the cylindrical surface, and at this time, The spatial position of the straight edge relative to the cylindrical area at the end of motion X is regarded as the initial contact state;

[0065] In this embodiment, the force measuring device is a tool holder that clamps one end of the sample B, which can measure the XYZ three-axis forces and the torque exerted on the sample B.

[0066] Keep the spindle holding sample B rotating in one direction at 2000 rpm. Move the workbench and feed sample A in the positive direction along the Y axis toward sample B at a feed rate of 10 mm / min. Each movement is a 0.01 mm displacement. Observe the force curve displayed by the force measuring device during each movement. If a movement causes the straight edge to come into contact with the cylindrical surface and changes the force data, while the previous movements did not, this movement is considered Movement X. All feeds are stopped for ten seconds after the movement ends. Furthermore, during Movement X, the force measuring device is used for real-time monitoring. This method allows the experimenter to determine whether Movement X has occurred at this stage even when the contact amount is very small, one micron or even less. This provides a more precise experimental process to ensure the stability and accuracy of the test.

[0067] The second stage is the wear stage. In this stage, there is one or more movements Y between sample A and sample B. After the movement Y ends, the relative positions of samples A and B do not change and continue for T hours, causing the two samples to wear. ; The motion Y, when the motion starts, the straight line edges are in the initial contact state, and when the motion Y ends, In the motion Y, the speed of each motion is 0.001 mm / min~ mm / min, and each movement makes sample A and sample B contact and generate relative pressure;

[0068] During this phase, the velocity vector of motion Y at any moment lies within plane R, which is a set of planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Force data generated during this phase is recorded using force measuring equipment.

[0069] In this embodiment, sample A is continuously fed in the positive direction along the Y axis to approach sample B. Each feeding motion is referred to as motion Y. After each motion Y is completed, the sample is stopped for a period of T hours, with a total of five motions Y performed. The duration of T hours after each motion Y is determined based on the rate of change of force measured by the dynamometer after the completion of that motion Y. When the rate of change is less than 2 Newtons per minute, the T hours are considered complete and the next motion Y begins. During this stage, a force measuring device is used to record the force data generated during each motion Y segment and its duration of T hours.

[0070] In the aforementioned multi-stage relative motion, the directions of both motion X and motion Y are perpendicular to the linear edge. Under these conditions, feeding perpendicular to the linear edge allows the stress generated by contact on the prism during motion to be dominated by compressive stress, largely preventing tensile stress from causing fracture of the linear edge. This, in turn, minimizes the effects of wear on the force curve measured during motion Y.

[0071] The length s of each motion segment in motion X and motion Y satisfies: Under these limited conditions, the feed length of each displacement segment is relatively short, and the maximum stress borne by the prism during the entire test process is relatively small, thereby eliminating the strength limit problem that is easily caused by high stress conditions. In addition, when the single feed displacement length is relatively small, the volume of the stress-affected zone is also relatively small, which greatly reduces the probability of the existence of microcracks, thereby preventing cracks from affecting the test results.

[0072] Furthermore, the two intersecting planes of the prism each form an angle θ1 and an angle θ2 with the central axis, both greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees. In this step, θ1 and θ2 are equal and both equal to 45 degrees. Under these conditions, when the prism performs motions X and Y, the forces generated by each individual motion substantially cancel each other out in a direction perpendicular to plane P, preventing the generation of tensile stress. This also ensures that the contact stresses at most locations on the prism are similar when force is applied, improving test stability and facilitating test analysis. Furthermore, the 45-degree angle is neither too large to reduce the strength of the prism and reduce the risk of bending and fracture due to the sharpness of the straight edge, nor too small to increase the residual contact area and prolong the test time.

[0073] Step 3: Analyze the force data measured by the force measuring device and obtain the wear resistance of the tool material.

[0074] The force measurement data and the morphologies of samples A and B after the test are analyzed. By analyzing the relationship between contact area, wear amount, force and stress, an estimate of the ability of sample A to resist the wear of sample B can be obtained. For example, the wear volume per unit time can be used for judgment, and the average value, maximum value and force change rate of the force measurement data within a certain period of time can be used for judgment. The valuation method can adopt various existing mathematical calculation methods, so they are not described in detail.

[0075] The present embodiment provides a method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials, which is convenient and cost-effective, and has reliable test results and a wide range of test applications.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] A method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials is provided, based on Example 1, with the following adjustments.

[0078] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the included angles θ1 and θ2 between the two intersecting planes forming the straight edge are equal to 55° and 75° respectively.

[0079] in addition, Figure 6 L1 in represents the straight line L1, Figure 5 The cross section of sample A represents the shape of any part except the prism. The cross sections of sample B at the top and bottom represent the shape of any part except the contact area between sample A and sample B, which must be a cylinder and a prism.

[0080] This embodiment provides a method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials. Compared with the first embodiment, it adopts a different sample A-sample B layout. When θ1 and θ2 take different values, different contact force conditions can be simulated to meet diverse testing needs.

[0081] Example 3

[0082] A method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials is provided, based on Example 1, with the following adjustments.

[0083] The force measuring device used in this embodiment is a plate-type force gauge for unidirectional force measurement, and the force gauge is clamped and fixed on sample A. Moreover, when clamping sample A, the force measuring direction of the force gauge is fixed to be perpendicular to the central axis of sample B and perpendicular to the direction of the straight edge L1. The other steps of the test are the same as those in Example 1. This embodiment illustrates that the clamping position of the force gauge is not fixed, and it can be clamped to sample A or sample B, and there is no limitation on the clamping position. In addition, this embodiment illustrates that the measurement freedom of the force gauge is not limited, and it is different from the force gauge used in Example 1. At least one measurement direction is required to meet the requirements.

[0084] Example 4

[0085] A method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials is provided, based on Example 1, with the following adjustments.

[0086] In this embodiment, a groove group is provided on the cylindrical surface of the sample B, and the groove group should ensure that it does not affect the stability of the cylinder during the test. Figure 7 The other steps of the test are the same as those in Example 1.

[0087] Compared with the first embodiment, the present embodiment provides a method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials. By adding a groove group, it is advantageous to controllably introduce thermal cycles and small impacts when testing wear, thereby simulating wear resistance under more working conditions.

[0088] Example 5

[0089] A method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials is provided, based on Example 1, with the following adjustments.

[0090] The straight edges of the sample A are chamfered or rounded.

[0091] In this embodiment, the straight edge L1 is rounded with a rounding radius of 0.02 mm, thereby obtaining a sample A different from that of the first embodiment. The relationship between sample A and sample B is as follows: Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the other steps of the test are the same as those of Example 1. The rounding adopted in this embodiment greatly improves the strength of the straight edge, avoids the occurrence of contact chipping caused by excessive sharpness, and improves the stability of the test.

[0092] This embodiment provides a method for testing the wear resistance of cutting tool materials. By setting a fillet of a defined size, the contact edge between sample A and sample B is transformed into a gradual transition zone. This smoothes the distribution of contact stress from maximum to zero, avoids theoretical stress singularities, and achieves a more uniform stress distribution. Furthermore, the fillet setting more closely resembles actual tool operating conditions (e.g., simulating tool edge blunting), more realistically reflecting the contact state of the tool during service, and improving the correlation between test data and cutting performance.

[0093] Example 6

[0094] A method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials is provided, based on Example 1, with the following adjustments.

[0095] In this embodiment, the second stage of step 2 is adjusted as follows:

[0096] Sample A is fed 0.05mm in the positive direction along the Y axis while simultaneously being fed 0.2mm in the positive direction along the X axis to bring it closer to sample B. The combined motion of each X-axis and Y-axis movement is Movement Y. After each Movement Y, the sample is held stationary for T hours, for a total of two Movement Y cycles. The T-hour duration after each Movement Y cycle is determined based on the force measured by the dynamometer after the completion of that Movement Y cycle. When the value returns to below 4 Newtons, the T-hour duration is considered complete, and the next Movement Y cycle begins. During this phase, a force measuring device is used to record the force generated during each Movement Y cycle and its duration of T hours.

[0097] The other steps of the test are the same as those in Example 1.

[0098] This embodiment provides a method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials. Compared with the first embodiment, on the one hand, the feed direction of motion Y is changed. This feeding method is conducive to extending the total feed time used for the overall movement when the feed amount of motion Y on the Y axis is small enough, so that the amount of data in the feed stage of motion Y during data analysis is larger and more stable. On the other hand, the feed amount of motion Y is greater than 0.01 mm. This method is more suitable for simulating the high stress wear conditions during actual cutting of tool materials, that is, by changing the feed, the wear resistance of tool materials under different high stress states can be tested.

[0099] Example 7

[0100] A method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials is provided, based on Example 1, with the following adjustments.

[0101] In this embodiment, step 2 includes:

[0102] Testing was conducted on a two-axis CNC lathe. Sample B was clamped directly to the machine's spindle chuck, with one end of the cylindrical rod (sample B) secured by the chuck and the other end by a push-on clamp. The machine's worktable moved in the Y and Z directions, with the center axis of sample B parallel to the Z direction. After adjusting the clamping position of sample B, the measured runout on any cylindrical surface was less than 0.002 mm.

[0103] Use the turret on the machine table to clamp the two sides of the sample A, and adjust the angle of the sample A so that a straight edge of the blade is used as the straight edge L1 for testing. The parallelism of the straight edge L1 and the orthogonal X direction of the machine tool is less than 5 , the straight line side L1 of sample A is perpendicular to and intersects the central axis of the cylinder. Figure 2 As shown, the angle between the two intersecting planes forming the straight edge L1 is 90 degrees, and the angle between the two planes and the central axis of the bar is 45 degrees.

[0104] Keep the sample B rotating continuously and control the sample A to perform multi-stage relative motion along the preset trajectory.

[0105] The remaining stages 1 and 2 of this step and other steps are the same as those in Example 1. This example illustrates an expanded usage scenario, proving that the test method can be tested on a two-axis lathe and has strong adaptability.

[0106] Example 8

[0107] A method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials is provided, based on Example 1, with the following adjustments.

[0108] In this embodiment, the cylindrical surface of the sample B is provided with a groove, and the sample B is as follows Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the other steps of the test are the same as those in Example 1.

[0109] This embodiment provides a method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials, which can measure the wear condition of sample A under two impacts per revolution.

[0110] Embodiment 9

[0111] A method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials is provided, based on Example 1, with the following adjustments.

[0112] In this embodiment, the angle θ1 and the angle θ2 satisfy: . And further, θ1=θ2=75°.

[0113] This embodiment provides a method for testing the wear resistance of cutting tool materials. Under the aforementioned limited conditions, the convex edge formed by the two planes has a symmetrical wedge-shaped structure. The symmetrical angle ensures symmetrical force distribution on both sides of the cutting edge, avoiding unilateral stress concentration caused by an asymmetrical angle. Furthermore, the increase in the wedge angle (from 45° to 75° compared to Example 1) improves the edge's compressive strength and balances frictional heat. Furthermore, the planes on either side of the cutting edge form symmetrical inclination angles with the cylindrical axis, ensuring that the relative motion trajectory of sample A within plane R (perpendicular to the rotation axis) is strictly controlled, avoiding axial movement caused by angular deviation. This results in excellent contact stability and controllable motion trajectory, contributing to improved testing accuracy.

[0114] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. Common knowledge such as the specific structure and characteristics of the scheme is not described in detail here. Ordinary technicians in the relevant field are aware of all common technical knowledge in the technical field of the invention before the application date or priority date, can obtain all existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental means before that date. Ordinary technicians in the relevant field can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own abilities under the guidance of this application. Some typical well-known structures or well-known methods should not become obstacles for ordinary technicians in the relevant field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several variations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention. These will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. A method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Set up sample A and sample B. Sample A is made of a tool material used for testing and has a prism formed thereon. The prism is composed of two intersecting planes and a convex edge formed by the intersecting planes. The convex edge is a straight line. Sample B is made of a material used for grinding with the tool material used for testing and has a cylindrical area formed thereon. The cylindrical area has only one cylindrical surface, and the cylindricity of the cylindrical surface is less than 1 mm. Step 2: Fix sample A and sample B on a machine tool with at least one rotary spindle and two translation axes, so that the straight edge of sample A is perpendicular to the central axis of the cylindrical surface of sample B, and the two intersecting planes of the prism each form an angle θ1 and an angle θ2 with the central axis that are greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees; drive sample B at a speed of 1 mm / min~ The linear speed of the sample B rotates around the central axis at a speed of mm / min, and the cylindricity of the cylinder of the sample B is less than 0.1mm when rotating around the central axis; and the machine tool is controlled so that the sample A performs multi-stage motion relative to the sample B along the preset trajectory: The first stage is the contact stage. In this stage, there is a movement X generated by sample A relative to sample B. At the beginning of the movement X, the straight edge is not in contact with the cylindrical surface. The distance from the straight edge to the central axis is R1, and the distance from the maximum diameter of the cylindrical surface to the central axis is R2. At the end of the movement X, the straight edge comes into contact with the cylindrical surface, and at this time, The spatial position of the straight edge relative to the cylindrical area at the end of motion X is regarded as the initial contact state; The second stage is the wear stage. In this stage, there is one or more movements Y between sample A and sample B. After the movement Y ends, the relative positions of samples A and B do not change and continue for T hours, causing the two samples to wear. ; The motion Y, when the motion starts, the straight line edges are in the initial contact state, and when the motion Y ends, In the motion Y, the speed of each motion is 0.001 mm / min~ mm / min, and each movement makes sample A and sample B contact and generate relative pressure; During this phase, the velocity vector of motion Y at any moment lies within plane R; plane R is a set of planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation; a force measuring device is used to record the force data generated during this phase; the directions of motion X and motion Y are both perpendicular to the straight edge; Step 3: Analyze the force data measured by the force measuring device and obtain the wear resistance of the tool material.

2. A method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straight edge of the sample A is provided with a fillet or chamfer; the fillet radius or chamfer width is less than 0.05mm and greater than 0.001m.

3. The method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length s of each motion segment in motion X and motion Y satisfies: .

4. A method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length s of each motion segment in motion X and motion Y satisfies: .

5. The method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylindrical area of ​​the sample B is provided with a groove group or slots.

6. A method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle θ1 and the angle θ2 satisfy: .

7. A method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle θ1 and the angle θ2 satisfy: .

8. A method for testing the wear resistance of tool materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: During exercise X, real-time monitoring is performed using force measuring equipment.

Images