Thermal runaway protection circuit, thermal runaway protection method, and energy storage system

Abstract

The application discloses a thermal runaway protection circuit, a thermal runaway protection method and an energy storage system. The environment detection signal of the battery is obtained through the inductive circuit detecting the environment pressure of the battery, and the level of the thermal runaway of the battery is determined by the main control circuit according to the environment detection signal. The corresponding thermal runaway processing signal is generated according to the level of the thermal runaway of the battery. The fire-fighting circuit executes the corresponding fire-fighting action according to the thermal runaway processing signal, so that the fire-fighting system is processed in stages according to the level of the thermal runaway, and the stability of the system fire-fighting is increased.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a thermal runaway protection circuit, a thermal runaway protection method and an energy storage system. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the widespread adoption of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy, energy storage technology has become increasingly important. Energy storage systems can balance energy supply and demand, improve the stability of the power grid, reduce the environmental impact of energy systems, and increase the flexibility of the power system. Among them, lithium-ion batteries are one of the most commonly used energy storage technologies, and are widely used in electric vehicles, home energy storage and industrial energy solutions.

[0003] However, thermal runaway events in energy storage systems can cause fires, battery damage, battery aging and system failure, posing potential threats to personnel safety, the environment and the reliability of the energy storage system. The thermal runaway strategy in the related art has the problem of single control, which reduces the stability of the fire extinguishing system. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a thermal runaway protection circuit, a thermal runaway protection method and an energy storage system, aiming to solve the problem of single control of the thermal runaway strategy in the related art.

[0005] The first aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a thermal runaway protection circuit, which comprises:

[0006] An induction circuit is configured to detect the ambient pressure of the battery and generate a corresponding ambient detection signal;

[0007] A main control circuit is connected to the induction circuit and configured to determine the level of thermal runaway of the battery according to the ambient detection signal and generate a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal;

[0008] A fire extinguishing circuit is connected to the main control circuit and configured to perform a corresponding fire extinguishing action according to the thermal runaway processing signal.

[0009] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, when the battery has thermal runaway, the explosion will cause a large change in the ambient pressure. The induction circuit detects the ambient pressure of the battery to obtain a corresponding ambient detection signal, and the main control circuit determines the level of thermal runaway of the battery according to the ambient detection signal. The thermal runaway processing signal is generated according to the level of thermal runaway of the battery, and the fire extinguishing circuit performs a corresponding fire extinguishing action according to the thermal runaway processing signal. Thus, the fire extinguishing system is processed according to the level of thermal runaway, and the stability of the system fire extinguishing is increased.

[0010] In some embodiments, the main control circuit is used to determine the thermal runaway conditions satisfied by the battery based on the environmental detection signal, and to determine the level of thermal runaway of the battery based on the thermal runaway conditions.

[0011] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the battery includes multiple cells. When a cell experiences thermal runaway and deflagration, the ambient air pressure of the battery will suddenly rise. The main control circuit can determine the thermal runaway conditions met by the battery based on the environmental detection signal. The main control circuit can determine the level of battery thermal runaway based on the thermal runaway conditions. Since the cells in the battery will not all deflagrate at once, there may be multiple deflagrations within the battery. For example, the thermal runaway level of the battery can be determined based on the number of deflagrations within a preset time. Then, a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal is generated based on the level of battery thermal runaway. The fire protection circuit executes corresponding fire protection actions based on the thermal runaway processing signal, thereby classifying the fire protection system according to the level of thermal runaway and increasing the stability of the system's fire protection.

[0012] In some embodiments, the thermal runaway protection circuit further includes:

[0013] A battery management circuit is used to detect battery parameters and generate a battery detection signal based on the battery parameters.

[0014] The main control circuit is used to determine the thermal runaway conditions that the battery meets based on the environmental detection signal and the battery detection signal, and to generate the thermal runaway processing signal based on the corresponding thermal runaway conditions.

[0015] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the state of the battery is judged by the sensing circuit and the battery management circuit. The thermal runaway conditions satisfied by the battery are determined by the combination of environmental detection signals and battery detection signals. Then, the main control circuit generates a thermal runaway processing signal according to the corresponding thermal runaway conditions. The fire protection circuit executes the corresponding fire protection action according to the thermal runaway processing signal. Thus, the fire protection system is classified according to the level of thermal runaway, thereby increasing the stability of the system's fire protection.

[0016] In some embodiments, the battery management circuit is further configured to control the battery to stop discharging based on the thermal runaway processing signal.

[0017] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the main control circuit can send the thermal runaway processing signal to the fire protection circuit at the same time as sending the thermal runaway processing signal to the battery management circuit. The battery management circuit is also used to control the battery to stop discharging according to the thermal runaway processing signal, so as to avoid the problem of the battery discharging in a harsh environment and causing the thermal runaway to worsen. In this way, the fault tolerance rate of the entire fire protection system can be increased.

[0018] In some embodiments, the master control circuit is configured to determine that the battery satisfies a first thermal runaway condition when the rising rate of the ambient pressure of the battery is greater than a first preset pressure rate threshold, and generate a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal according to the first thermal runaway condition.

[0019] In the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells. When a battery cell experiences thermal runaway and explodes, the ambient pressure of the battery will suddenly rise. By detecting the rising rate of the ambient pressure of the battery, it is determined whether the battery cell has exploded. When the rising rate of the ambient pressure is greater than a first preset pressure rate threshold, it is determined that the battery satisfies a first thermal runaway condition, i.e., the battery has experienced a first thermal runaway failure. The master control circuit generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal based on the first thermal runaway condition. The fire control circuit executes a corresponding fire control action according to the thermal runaway processing signal, thereby performing hierarchical processing on the fire control system according to the level of thermal runaway and increasing the stability of the system fire control.

[0020] In some embodiments, the master control circuit is configured to determine that the battery satisfies a second thermal runaway condition when the ambient pressure of the battery is greater than a first preset pressure threshold, and generate a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal according to the second thermal runaway condition.

[0021] In the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells. When a battery cell experiences thermal runaway and explodes, the ambient pressure of the battery will suddenly rise. By detecting the rising rate of the ambient pressure of the battery, it is determined whether the battery cell has exploded. When the rising rate of the ambient pressure is greater than a first preset pressure rate threshold, it is determined that the battery satisfies a first thermal runaway condition, i.e., the battery has experienced a first thermal runaway failure. The master control circuit generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal based on the first thermal runaway condition. The fire control circuit executes a corresponding fire control action according to the thermal runaway processing signal, thereby performing hierarchical processing on the fire control system according to the level of thermal runaway and increasing the stability of the system fire control.

[0022] In some embodiments, the master control circuit is configured to determine that the battery satisfies a third thermal runaway condition when the falling rate of the voltage of the battery cell in the battery is greater than a first preset voltage rate threshold, and generate a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal according to the third thermal runaway condition.

[0023] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the application, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells. When the battery cells have thermal runaway, the voltage of the battery cells may suddenly drop due to liquid leakage and other problems. The thermal runaway of the battery can be determined by detecting the voltage of the battery cells. When the voltage drop rate of the battery cells is greater than a first preset voltage rate threshold, it is determined that the battery satisfies a third thermal runaway condition, that is, the battery has a thermal runaway fault. The main control circuit generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal based on the third thermal runaway condition. The fire control circuit executes corresponding fire control actions according to the thermal runaway processing signal, thereby performing hierarchical processing on the fire control system according to the level of thermal runaway, and increasing the stability of system fire control.

[0024] In some embodiments, the main control circuit determines that the battery satisfies a fourth thermal runaway condition when the temperature rise rate of the battery reaches a first preset temperature rise rate threshold, and generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal according to the fourth thermal runaway condition.

[0025] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the application, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells. When the battery cells have thermal runaway, the temperature of the battery cells may suddenly rise. The thermal runaway of the battery can be determined by detecting the temperature of the battery cells or the battery. When the temperature rise rate of the battery reaches a first preset temperature rise rate threshold, it is determined that the battery satisfies a fourth thermal runaway condition, that is, the battery has a thermal runaway fault. The main control circuit generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal based on the fourth thermal runaway condition. The fire control circuit executes corresponding fire control actions according to the thermal runaway processing signal, thereby performing hierarchical processing on the fire control system according to the level of thermal runaway, and increasing the stability of system fire control.

[0026] In some embodiments, the main control circuit is configured to send a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal to the fire control circuit according to the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered.

[0027] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the application, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells. When the battery cells have thermal runaway, the temperature of the battery cells may suddenly rise. The thermal runaway of the battery can be determined by detecting the temperature of the battery cells or the battery. When the temperature rise rate of the battery reaches a first preset temperature rise rate threshold, it is determined that the battery satisfies a fourth thermal runaway condition, that is, the battery has a thermal runaway fault. The main control circuit generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal based on the fourth thermal runaway condition. The fire control circuit executes corresponding fire control actions according to the thermal runaway processing signal, thereby performing hierarchical processing on the fire control system according to the level of thermal runaway, and increasing the stability of system fire control.

[0028] In some embodiments, the main control circuit is further configured to generate a first-level fire control processing signal when the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered is within a first preset threshold range; and / or

[0029] The master control circuit is further configured to generate a second fire-fighting processing signal when the number of times of triggering the first thermal runaway condition is within a second preset threshold range; and / or

[0030] The master control circuit is further configured to generate a third fire-fighting processing signal when the number of times of triggering the first thermal runaway condition is within a third preset threshold range.

[0031] In the technical scheme of the embodiment, when the battery has thermal runaway, the environment pressure will change greatly due to explosion. The environment detection signal is obtained by detecting the environment pressure of the battery, and the level of the thermal runaway of the battery is determined according to the environment detection signal. The thermal runaway processing signal is generated according to the level of the thermal runaway of the battery. Then, the fire-fighting action is performed according to the thermal runaway processing signal. Thus, the fire-fighting system is processed according to the level of the thermal runaway, and the stability of the system fire-fighting is increased.

[0032] The second aspect of the embodiment further provides a thermal runaway protection method, and the thermal runaway protection method comprises:

[0033] detecting the environment pressure of the battery and generating a corresponding environment detection signal;

[0034] determining the level of the thermal runaway of the battery according to the environment detection signal and generating a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal;

[0035] performing a corresponding fire-fighting action according to the thermal runaway processing signal.

[0036] In the technical scheme of the embodiment, when the battery has thermal runaway, the environment pressure will change greatly due to explosion. The environment detection signal is obtained by detecting the environment pressure of the battery, and the level of the thermal runaway of the battery is determined according to the environment detection signal. The thermal runaway processing signal is generated according to the level of the thermal runaway of the battery. Then, the fire-fighting action is performed according to the thermal runaway processing signal. Thus, the fire-fighting system is processed according to the level of the thermal runaway, and the stability of the system fire-fighting is increased.

[0037] In some embodiments, the determining the level of thermal runaway of the battery according to the environment detection signal comprises:

[0038] determining a thermal runaway condition met by the battery according to the environment detection signal, and determining the level of thermal runaway of the battery based on the thermal runaway condition.

[0039] In the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells. When a battery cell has thermal runaway and explodes, the environment pressure of the battery will suddenly rise. The thermal runaway condition met by the battery can be determined according to the environment detection signal, and the level of thermal runaway of the battery can be determined according to the thermal runaway condition. Since the battery cells in the battery do not explode all at once, there can be multiple battery cell explosions in the battery. For example, the level of thermal runaway of the battery is determined according to the number of explosions within a preset time, and then a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal is generated according to the level of thermal runaway of the battery, and a corresponding fire-fighting action is performed according to the thermal runaway processing signal. Thus, the fire-fighting system is processed in stages according to the level of thermal runaway, and the stability of the system fire-fighting is increased.

[0040] In some embodiments, the thermal runaway protection method further comprises:

[0041] detecting a parameter of the battery, and generating a battery detection signal according to the parameter of the battery;

[0042] determining a thermal runaway condition met by the battery according to the environment detection signal and the battery detection signal, and generating the thermal runaway processing signal according to the corresponding thermal runaway condition.

[0043] In the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the state of the battery is determined, the thermal runaway condition met by the battery is determined according to the combination of the environment detection signal and the battery detection signal, and the thermal runaway processing signal is generated according to the corresponding thermal runaway condition. Then, a corresponding fire-fighting action is performed according to the thermal runaway processing signal. Thus, the fire-fighting system is processed in stages according to the level of thermal runaway, and the stability of the system fire-fighting is increased.

[0044] In some embodiments, the thermal runaway protection method further comprises:

[0045] stopping discharging of the battery according to the thermal runaway processing signal.

[0046] In the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the thermal runaway processing signal is sent to the fire-fighting circuit, and the discharging of the battery is also stopped according to the thermal runaway processing signal. Thus, the problem of exacerbation of thermal runaway caused by discharging of the battery in a harsh environment is avoided, and the fault tolerance of the entire fire-fighting system is increased.

[0047] In some embodiments, the determining the level of battery thermal runaway according to the environment detection signal comprises: determining that the battery meets a first thermal runaway condition when the rising rate of the environment air pressure is greater than a first preset air pressure rate threshold, and generating a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal according to the first thermal runaway condition.

[0048] In the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present application, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells. When a battery cell has thermal runaway and explodes, the environment air pressure of the battery will suddenly rise. By detecting the rising rate of the environment air pressure of the battery, it is determined whether the battery has an explosion phenomenon. When the rising rate of the environment air pressure is greater than a first preset air pressure rate threshold, it is determined that the battery meets a first thermal runaway condition, i.e., the battery has a first thermal runaway failure. The host control circuit generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal based on the first thermal runaway condition, and the fire-fighting circuit executes a corresponding fire-fighting action according to the thermal runaway processing signal, so that the fire-fighting system is processed in stages according to the level of thermal runaway, thereby increasing the stability of the system fire-fighting.

[0049] In some embodiments, the thermal runaway protection method further comprises:

[0050] The corresponding thermal runaway processing signal is sent to the fire-fighting circuit according to the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered.

[0051] In the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present application, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells. When a battery cell has thermal runaway and explodes, the environment air pressure of the battery will suddenly rise. By detecting the rising rate of the environment air pressure of the battery, it is determined whether the battery has an explosion phenomenon. When the rising rate of the environment air pressure is greater than a first preset air pressure rate threshold, it is determined that the battery meets a first thermal runaway condition, i.e., the battery has a first thermal runaway failure. The host control circuit generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal based on the first thermal runaway condition, and the fire-fighting circuit executes a corresponding fire-fighting action according to the thermal runaway processing signal, so that the fire-fighting system is processed in stages according to the level of thermal runaway, thereby increasing the stability of the system fire-fighting.

[0052] In some embodiments, the thermal runaway protection method further comprises:

[0053] In the case where the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered is within a first preset threshold range, a first-level fire-fighting processing signal is generated, and a corresponding fire-fighting action is executed according to the first-level fire-fighting processing signal; and / or

[0054] In the case where the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered is within a second preset threshold range, a second-level fire-fighting processing signal is generated; and / or

[0055] In the case where the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered is within a third preset threshold range, a third-level fire-fighting processing signal is generated.

[0056] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the application, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells. When the battery cells have thermal runaway and explosion, the ambient pressure of the battery will suddenly rise. By detecting the rising rate of the ambient pressure of the battery, it is determined whether the battery has explosion. When the rising rate of the ambient pressure is greater than a first preset pressure rate threshold, it is determined that the battery satisfies a first thermal runaway condition. When the battery satisfies the first thermal runaway condition each time, it indicates that the battery cells in the battery have an explosion once. When the number of times that the first thermal runaway condition is triggered is within a first preset threshold range, a first fire-fighting processing signal is generated, and a first fire-fighting early warning processing is performed. When the number of times that the first thermal runaway condition is triggered is within a second preset threshold range, a second fire-fighting processing signal is generated, and a second fire-fighting early warning processing is performed. When the number of times that the first thermal runaway condition is triggered is within a third preset threshold range, a third fire-fighting processing signal is generated, and a third fire-fighting early warning processing is performed. Therefore, the corresponding thermal runaway processing signal is generated based on the number of times that the first thermal runaway condition is triggered, and the hierarchical fire-fighting action is performed according to the thermal runaway processing signal, so that the fire-fighting system is processed hierarchically according to the level of thermal runaway, and the stability of the system fire-fighting is increased.

[0057] The third aspect of the embodiment of the application further provides an energy storage system, which comprises a container, at least one electric cabinet is arranged in the container, and at least one electric box is arranged in the electric cabinet. The thermal runaway protection circuit described in any one of the embodiments is arranged in at least one of the container, the electric cabinet, or the electric box.

[0058] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the application, the main control circuit comprises a first controller, a second controller, and a third controller.

[0059] The third controller is arranged in the electric box, the second controller is arranged in the electric cabinet, and the first controller is arranged in the container.

[0060] The third controller forwards the environment detection signal sent by the induction circuit in the electric box to the second controller.

[0061] The second controller determines the level of thermal runaway of the battery according to the environment detection signal, and outputs a corresponding fire-fighting alarm signal to the first controller.

[0062] The first controller generates the thermal runaway processing signal according to the fire-fighting alarm signal and sends the thermal runaway processing signal to the fire-fighting circuit.

[0063] In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application, the corresponding controllers are arranged in the container, the electric cabinet and the electric box respectively, so that multi-stage detection of battery thermal runaway can be realized. For example, the inductive circuit transmits the collected environmental detection signals (such as environmental air pressure) to the secondary controller through the tertiary controller by communication mode. The secondary controller can make a graded fire-fighting judgment according to the obtained electrical parameters (cell temperature, voltage data) combined with the environmental detection signals collected by the inductive circuit. If the thermal runaway conditions of air pressure and electrical parameters are met at the same time within a certain time, it can be determined that a thermal runaway fire fault occurs. In this way, a corresponding water fire alarm signal is generated and transmitted to the primary controller, and the primary controller generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal and sends it to the fire-fighting circuit.

[0064] In some embodiments, the electric box is provided with a fire-fighting glass bubble, and the tertiary controller controls the fire-fighting glass bubble to trigger according to the received glass bubble driving signal.

[0065] In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application, the fire-fighting glass bubble is arranged in the electric box, and the tertiary controller controls the fire-fighting glass bubble to spray inert gas or fire-fighting foam liquid, so as to block the explosion of the cell, thereby timely preventing and controlling fire when the cell appears thermal runaway, and reducing safety hazards and economic losses.

[0066] The above description is only a summary of the technical scheme of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, the specific embodiments of the present application can be implemented according to the content of the specification, and in order to make the above and other purposes, characteristics and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the following specific embodiments of the present application are described. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0067] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are intended to only illustrate preferred embodiments and are not considered limiting of the present application. Moreover, like reference numerals designate like parts throughout the several views in the drawings. In the drawings:

[0068] Figure 1 The first structure schematic diagram of the thermal runaway protection circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0069] Figure 2 The second structure schematic diagram of the thermal runaway protection circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0070] Figure 3 The first flow schematic diagram of the thermal runaway protection method provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0071] Figure 4 The second flow schematic diagram of the thermal runaway protection method provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0072] Figure 5 A third flowchart of a thermal runaway protection method according to an embodiment of the present application is provided.

[0073] Figure 6 A fourth flowchart of a thermal runaway protection method according to an embodiment of the present application is provided.

[0074] Figure 7 A first structural diagram of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present application is provided.

[0075] Figure 8 A second structural diagram of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present application is provided.

[0076] Figure 9 A third structural diagram of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present application is provided. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] The embodiments of the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and therefore only serve as examples, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0078] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application; the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of the present application and the above description of drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0079] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.

[0080] Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The phrase is not necessarily used to refer to the same embodiment, nor is it necessarily used to refer to a preferred or alternative embodiment. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that an embodiment described herein can be combined with another embodiment.

[0081] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is only to describe the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent the three cases of A alone, A and B together, and B alone. In addition, the character " / " in this paper generally represents that the front and rear associated objects are a "or" relationship.

[0082] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multi-frame" refers to two or more (including two).

[0083] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0084] In the current energy storage system, thermal runaway events in the energy storage system can cause fire, battery damage, battery aging and system failure, which poses a potential threat to personnel safety, the environment and the reliability of the energy storage system. The thermal runaway strategy in the related art has the problem of single control, which reduces the stability of the fire extinguishing system.

[0085] To solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a thermal runaway protection circuit, which can perform hierarchical fire extinguishing processing when a battery in an energy storage system has a thermal runaway, thereby increasing the stability of the fire extinguishing system. Referring to Figure 1 As shown, the thermal runaway protection circuit in the embodiment includes: an induction circuit 100, a master control circuit 200 and a fire extinguishing circuit 300, wherein the induction circuit 100 is used to detect the environmental pressure of the battery and generate a corresponding environmental detection signal; the master control circuit 200 is connected with the induction circuit 100, and the master control circuit 200 is used to determine the level of the battery thermal runaway according to the environmental detection signal and generate a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal. The fire extinguishing circuit 300 is connected with the fire extinguishing circuit 300, and the fire extinguishing circuit 300 is used to perform a corresponding fire extinguishing action according to the thermal runaway processing signal.

[0086] In the embodiment, when the battery is in thermal runaway, the ambient pressure of the battery changes greatly due to the explosion, the inductive circuit 100 detects the ambient pressure of the battery to obtain a corresponding ambient detection signal, and the host control circuit 200 determines the level of the thermal runaway of the battery according to the ambient detection signal. For example, the host control circuit 200 detects the voltage value of the ambient detection signal in a voltage threshold interval, each voltage threshold interval can correspond to a level of the thermal runaway of the battery, or the host control circuit 200 detects the number of mutations of the ambient detection signal, each number corresponds to a level of the thermal runaway of the battery. After the host control circuit 200 determines the level of the thermal runaway of the battery according to the ambient detection signal, the host control circuit 200 can generate a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal according to the level of the thermal runaway of the battery, the fire-fighting circuit 300 performs a corresponding fire-fighting action according to the thermal runaway processing signal, each level of the thermal runaway of the battery corresponds to outputting a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal, and at least one fire-fighting operation, so that in the energy storage system, the fire-fighting system in the energy storage system can be processed in stages according to the level of the thermal runaway of the battery, and the stability of the system fire-fighting is increased.

[0087] In some embodiments, the thermal runaway protection circuit is applied to an energy storage system, the energy storage system includes a battery and an electric box, the battery and the thermal runaway protection circuit are arranged in the electric box, when the ambient pressure in the electric box changes, the voltage value of the ambient detection signal output by the inductive circuit 100 also changes correspondingly, and the host control circuit 200 can detect the change of the ambient pressure of the battery according to the voltage value change of the ambient detection signal.

[0088] In some embodiments, the inductive circuit 100 includes a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor can detect the ambient pressure of the battery and generate a corresponding ambient detection signal according to the ambient pressure of the battery, the ambient detection signal can be a voltage signal, and the voltage of the ambient detection signal corresponds to the ambient pressure.

[0089] In some embodiments, the host control circuit 200 is configured to determine a thermal runaway condition satisfied by the battery according to the ambient detection signal, and determine a level of the thermal runaway of the battery based on the thermal runaway condition.

[0090] In the embodiment, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells, when the battery cells are in thermal runaway and explosion, the ambient pressure of the battery will suddenly rise, and the host control circuit 200 can determine a thermal runaway condition satisfied by the battery according to the ambient detection signal. The host control circuit 200 can determine the level of the thermal runaway of the battery through the thermal runaway condition. Since the battery cells in the battery will not explode all at once, there may be multiple battery cell explosions in the battery, for example, the level of the thermal runaway of the battery is determined according to the number of explosions in a preset time, and then a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal is generated according to the level of the thermal runaway of the battery, and the fire-fighting circuit 300 performs a corresponding fire-fighting action according to the thermal runaway processing signal, so that the fire-fighting system is processed in stages according to the level of the thermal runaway, and the stability of the system fire-fighting is increased.

[0091] In some embodiments, the main control circuit 200 can determine the level of battery thermal runaway based on the number of times the battery meets the thermal runaway conditions within a certain period of time. For example, the main control circuit 200 detects the number of times the battery meets the thermal runaway conditions within a certain period of time, and each number corresponds to a level of battery thermal runaway.

[0092] In some embodiments, the ambient air pressure of the battery represents the air pressure of the space where the battery is located. The environmental detection signal corresponds to the ambient air pressure of the battery environment. The main control circuit 200 can determine the level of thermal runaway of the battery based on the number of sudden changes in the ambient air pressure of the battery environment. For example, each increase in the number of sudden changes in the ambient air pressure increases the level of thermal runaway by one level.

[0093] In this embodiment, the voltage of the environmental detection signal can be used to characterize the ambient pressure of the battery. Therefore, the ambient pressure of the battery is related to the voltage of the environmental detection signal, and the main control circuit 200 can determine the level of thermal runaway of the battery based on the number of sudden changes in the environmental detection signal. By detecting the number of sudden changes in the environmental detection signal in each detection cycle, or by detecting the difference between the maximum and minimum voltage values ​​of the environmental detection signal within a preset time, it can be determined whether a sudden change has occurred in the ambient pressure of the battery.

[0094] In some embodiments, if the rate of change of the detected environmental signal voltage value is greater than a preset change threshold, it indicates that the ambient air pressure of the battery has changed abruptly. For example, if the ambient air pressure of the battery increases from 1 standard atmosphere to 3 standard atmospheres within 1 second, it indicates that the ambient air pressure of the battery has changed abruptly. The rate of change of the detected environmental signal voltage value reaches the preset change threshold, and it can be determined that the battery meets the thermal runaway conditions.

[0095] In some embodiments, if the difference between the maximum and minimum voltage values ​​of the detected environmental signal within a preset time period is greater than a preset difference threshold, it can be indicated that the ambient air pressure of the battery has changed abruptly. For example, if the maximum ambient air pressure of the battery is 3 standard atmospheres and the minimum ambient air pressure is 1 standard atmosphere within 1 second, it can be indicated that the ambient air pressure of the battery has changed abruptly. If the difference between the maximum and minimum voltage values ​​of the detected environmental signal within a preset time period is greater than a preset difference threshold, it can be determined that the battery meets the thermal runaway conditions.

[0096] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 As shown, the thermal runaway protection circuit also includes a battery management circuit 400, which is used to detect battery parameters and generate a battery detection signal based on the battery parameters. The main control circuit 200 is used to determine the thermal runaway conditions that the battery meets based on the environmental detection signal and the battery detection signal, and generate a thermal runaway processing signal based on the corresponding thermal runaway conditions.

[0097] In the embodiment, the state of the battery is determined by the inductive circuit 100 and the battery management circuit 400, the thermal runaway condition met by the battery is determined by the combination condition of the environmental detection signal and the battery detection signal, the thermal runaway processing signal is generated by the master control circuit 200 according to the corresponding thermal runaway condition, the corresponding fire-fighting action is executed by the fire-fighting circuit 300 according to the thermal runaway processing signal, and the fire-fighting system is processed in a hierarchical manner according to the level of the thermal runaway, thereby increasing the stability of the system fire-fighting.

[0098] In some embodiments, the battery management circuit 400 is further configured to control the battery to stop discharging according to the thermal runaway processing signal.

[0099] In the embodiment, the master control circuit 200 can also send the thermal runaway processing signal to the battery management circuit 400 while sending the thermal runaway processing signal to the fire-fighting circuit 300, and the battery management circuit 400 is further configured to control the battery to stop discharging according to the thermal runaway processing signal, thereby avoiding the problem that the battery discharges in a harsh environment to aggravate the thermal runaway, and thus the fault tolerance of the entire fire-fighting system can be increased.

[0100] In some embodiments, the master control circuit 200 is configured to determine that the battery meets a first thermal runaway condition when the rising rate of the environmental air pressure is greater than a first preset air pressure rate threshold.

[0101] In the embodiment, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells, and when the battery cells appear thermal runaway and explosion, the environmental air pressure of the battery will suddenly rise. By detecting the rising rate of the environmental air pressure of the battery, it is determined whether the battery appears explosion phenomenon. When the rising rate of the environmental air pressure is greater than the first preset air pressure rate threshold, it is determined that the battery meets the first thermal runaway condition, i.e., the battery appears a thermal runaway fault. The master control circuit 200 generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal based on the first thermal runaway condition, and the fire-fighting circuit 300 executes a corresponding fire-fighting action according to the thermal runaway processing signal, thereby processing the fire-fighting system in a hierarchical manner according to the level of the thermal runaway, and increasing the stability of the system fire-fighting.

[0102] In some embodiments, the first thermal runaway condition can be that the air pressure rising rate of the environmental air pressure of the battery is greater than the first preset air pressure rate threshold. △ X1>X1 / t2 kpa / s, i.e., if the change value of the air pressure is greater than X1 within the t2 time period, it indicates that the battery meets the first thermal runaway condition. The ratio of X1 and t2 can be determined according to the space of the battery box 510 and the energy density of the battery in the battery box 510.

[0103] In some embodiments, the master control circuit 200 is configured to determine that the battery meets a second thermal runaway condition when the environmental air pressure is greater than a first preset air pressure threshold.

[0104] In the embodiment, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells. When the battery cells have thermal runaway and explosion, the continuous combustion of the battery cells in the battery can cause the ambient pressure of the battery to rise. The ambient pressure of the battery is detected to determine whether the battery has explosion phenomenon. When the ambient pressure is greater than a first preset pressure threshold, it is determined that the battery satisfies a second thermal runaway condition, that is, the battery has a thermal runaway fault. The main control circuit 200 generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal based on the second thermal runaway condition. The fire-fighting circuit 300 performs a corresponding fire-fighting action according to the thermal runaway processing signal, so as to perform hierarchical processing on the fire-fighting system according to the level of thermal runaway, and increase the stability of the system fire-fighting.

[0105] In some embodiments, the second thermal runaway condition can be X2>X3+N1 Kpa, X2 is the current ambient pressure of the battery, X3 is the ambient pressure value at a time t3 before the current time, and N1 is a constant. N1 and t3 can be determined according to the space of the battery box 510 and the energy density of the battery in the battery box 510.

[0106] In some embodiments, the main control circuit 200 is configured to determine that the battery satisfies a third thermal runaway condition when the voltage drop rate of the battery cell in the battery is greater than a first preset voltage rate threshold.

[0107] In the embodiment, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells. When the battery cells have thermal runaway, the voltage of the battery cells can suddenly drop due to liquid leakage and other problems. The voltage of the battery cell is detected to determine whether the battery has thermal runaway phenomenon. When the voltage drop rate of the battery cell is greater than a first preset voltage rate threshold, it is determined that the battery satisfies a third thermal runaway condition, that is, the battery has a thermal runaway fault. The main control circuit 200 generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal based on the third thermal runaway condition. The fire-fighting circuit 300 performs a corresponding fire-fighting action according to the thermal runaway processing signal, so as to perform hierarchical processing on the fire-fighting system according to the level of thermal runaway, and increase the stability of the system fire-fighting.

[0108] In some embodiments, the third thermal runaway condition can include that the voltage drop rate of the battery cell is △

[0109] V1>V1 / t4, that is, the voltage of the battery cell in the battery drops by V1 within time t4, which indicates that the battery satisfies the third thermal runaway condition.

[0110] In some embodiments, the sensing circuit 100 can also detect the temperature of the battery, and the temperature of the battery can also be detected by the battery management circuit 400. The main control circuit 200 determines that the battery satisfies a fourth thermal runaway condition when the temperature rise rate of the battery reaches a first preset temperature rise rate threshold.

[0111] In the embodiment, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells. When the battery cells have thermal runaway, the temperature of the battery cells increases rapidly. The thermal runaway of the battery cells can be determined by detecting the temperature of the battery cells. When the temperature rising rate of the battery cells reaches a first preset temperature rising rate threshold, it is determined that the battery satisfies a fourth thermal runaway condition, that is, the battery has a thermal runaway fault. The main control circuit 200 generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal based on the fourth thermal runaway condition. The fire-fighting circuit 300 performs a corresponding fire-fighting action according to the thermal runaway processing signal, so that the fire-fighting system is processed in stages according to the level of the thermal runaway, and the stability of the system fire-fighting is increased.

[0112] In some embodiments, the fourth thermal runaway condition includes a temperature rising rate of the battery cells △ T1 > T1 / t5, that is, the temperature of the battery cells in the battery rises by T1 within time t5, which indicates that the battery satisfies the fourth thermal runaway condition.

[0113] In some embodiments, if the battery satisfies at least two of the first thermal runaway condition, the second thermal runaway condition, the third thermal runaway condition, and the fourth thermal runaway condition at the same time, it is determined that the battery has a thermal runaway fire fault. If the number of times of triggering the thermal runaway fire fault of the battery reaches n1+2, the main control circuit 200 generates a corresponding water fire-fighting alarm signal and sends it to the fire-fighting circuit 300. The fire-fighting circuit 300 can perform water fire-fighting operation to extinguish the fire of the battery by spraying water.

[0114] In some embodiments, the main control circuit 200 is configured to send a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal to the fire-fighting circuit 300 according to the number of times of triggering the first thermal runaway condition.

[0115] In the embodiment, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells. When the battery cells have thermal runaway, the temperature of the battery cells increases rapidly. The thermal runaway of the battery cells can be determined by detecting the temperature of the battery cells. When the temperature rising rate of the battery cells reaches a first preset temperature rising rate threshold, it is determined that the battery satisfies a fourth thermal runaway condition, that is, the battery has a thermal runaway fault. The main control circuit 200 generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal based on the fourth thermal runaway condition. The fire-fighting circuit 300 performs a corresponding fire-fighting action according to the thermal runaway processing signal, so that the fire-fighting system is processed in stages according to the level of the thermal runaway, and the stability of the system fire-fighting is increased.

[0116] In some embodiments, the level of the battery thermal runaway can be determined by the number of times of triggering the first thermal runaway condition.

[0117] In some embodiments, the level of the battery thermal runaway can be in a positive proportional relationship with the number of times of triggering the first thermal runaway condition, that is, the more the number of times of triggering the first thermal runaway condition, the higher the level of the battery thermal runaway.

[0118] In some embodiments, the level of the battery thermal runaway can be determined by the number of times of triggering the second thermal runaway condition.

[0119] In some embodiments, the level of the battery thermal runaway can be positively proportional to the number of times of triggering the second thermal runaway condition, i.e., the more the number of times of triggering the second thermal runaway condition, the higher the level of the battery thermal runaway.

[0120] In some embodiments, the level of the battery thermal runaway can be determined by the number of times of triggering the third thermal runaway condition.

[0121] In some embodiments, the level of the battery thermal runaway can be positively proportional to the number of times of triggering the third thermal runaway condition, i.e., the more the number of times of triggering the third thermal runaway condition, the higher the level of the battery thermal runaway.

[0122] In some embodiments, the level of the battery thermal runaway can be determined by the number of times of triggering the fourth thermal runaway condition.

[0123] In some embodiments, the level of the battery thermal runaway can be positively proportional to the number of times of triggering the fourth thermal runaway condition, i.e., the more the number of times of triggering the fourth thermal runaway condition, the higher the level of the battery thermal runaway.

[0124] In some embodiments, the level of the battery thermal runaway can be determined by the number of times of triggering the first thermal runaway condition, the second thermal runaway condition, the third thermal runaway condition, and the fourth thermal runaway condition.

[0125] In some embodiments, the level of the battery thermal runaway can be positively proportional to the number of times of triggering the first thermal runaway condition, the second thermal runaway condition, the third thermal runaway condition, and the fourth thermal runaway condition, i.e., the greater the sum of the number of times of triggering the first thermal runaway condition, the second thermal runaway condition, the third thermal runaway condition, and the fourth thermal runaway condition, the higher the level of the battery thermal runaway.

[0126] In some embodiments, the host control circuit 200 can output a corresponding fire-fighting processing signal according to the level of the battery thermal runaway, to control the fire-fighting circuit 300 to perform a corresponding fire-fighting action.

[0127] In some embodiments, the fire-fighting action performed by the fire-fighting circuit 300 includes a water spraying, a fire-extinguishing gas spraying, or other fire-extinguishing agent releasing action, to suppress the battery from catching fire, or the battery from burning.

[0128] In some embodiments, the fire-fighting circuit 300 can determine the type of the fire-extinguishing agent, the capacity of the fire-extinguishing agent, and the number of times of spraying the fire-extinguishing agent according to the level of the battery thermal runaway, e.g., the higher the level of the battery thermal runaway, the greater the capacity of the fire-extinguishing agent and the number of times of spraying the fire-extinguishing agent.

[0129] In some embodiments, the master control circuit 200 is further configured to generate a first fire-fighting processing signal when the number of times of triggering the first thermal runaway condition is within a first preset threshold range.

[0130] In some embodiments, the master control circuit 200 is further configured to generate a second fire-fighting processing signal when the number of times of triggering the first thermal runaway condition is within a second preset threshold range.

[0131] In some embodiments, the master control circuit 200 is further configured to generate a third fire-fighting processing signal when the number of times of triggering the first thermal runaway condition is within a third preset threshold range.

[0132] In the present embodiment, a plurality of battery cells are included in the battery. When the battery cells have thermal runaway and explosion, the ambient pressure of the battery will suddenly rise. By detecting the rising rate of the ambient pressure of the battery, it is determined whether the battery has explosion phenomenon. When the rising rate of the ambient pressure is greater than a first preset pressure rate threshold, it is determined that the battery satisfies the first thermal runaway condition. When the battery satisfies the first thermal runaway condition each time, it indicates that the battery cells have an explosion once. When the number of times of triggering the first thermal runaway condition is within a first preset threshold range, the master control circuit 200 generates a first fire-fighting processing signal, and the fire-fighting circuit 300 performs a first fire-fighting warning processing. When the number of times of triggering the first thermal runaway condition is within a second preset threshold range, the master control circuit 200 generates a second fire-fighting processing signal, and the fire-fighting circuit 300 performs a second fire-fighting warning processing. When the number of times of triggering the first thermal runaway condition is within a third preset threshold range, the master control circuit 200 generates a third fire-fighting processing signal, and the fire-fighting circuit 300 performs a third fire-fighting warning processing. Therefore, the master control circuit 200 generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal based on the number of times of triggering the first thermal runaway condition, and the fire-fighting circuit 300 performs a hierarchical fire-fighting action according to the thermal runaway processing signal, so as to perform hierarchical processing on the fire-fighting system according to the level of thermal runaway, thereby increasing the stability of the system fire-fighting.

[0133] The present application also provides a thermal runaway protection method, as shown in Figure 3 The thermal runaway protection method in the present embodiment includes steps S100 to S300.

[0134] In step S100, the ambient pressure of the battery is detected, and a corresponding ambient detection signal is generated.

[0135] In the present embodiment, the battery is arranged in a sealed cavity or a certain space. When the battery has thermal runaway, the ambient pressure of the battery will change greatly due to explosion. The ambient pressure of the battery can be detected by arranging a pressure sensor in the sealed cavity.

[0136] In step S200, a level of thermal runaway of the battery is determined according to the environment detection signal, and a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal is generated.

[0137] In step S300, a corresponding fire-fighting action is performed according to the thermal runaway processing signal.

[0138] In the embodiment, the corresponding environment detection signal can be obtained by detecting the environmental pressure of the battery, the level of thermal runaway of the battery is determined according to the environment detection signal, the corresponding thermal runaway processing signal is generated according to the level of thermal runaway of the battery, and the corresponding fire-fighting action is performed according to the thermal runaway processing signal, so that the fire-fighting system is processed in stages according to the level of thermal runaway, and the stability of the system fire-fighting is increased.

[0139] In some embodiments, in step S200, the level of thermal runaway of the battery is determined according to the environment detection signal, including: determining the thermal runaway condition satisfied by the battery according to the environment detection signal, and determining the level of thermal runaway of the battery based on the thermal runaway condition.

[0140] In the embodiment, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells, when the battery cells appear thermal runaway and explosion, the environmental pressure of the battery will suddenly rise, the thermal runaway condition satisfied by the battery can be determined according to the environment detection signal, and the level of thermal runaway of the battery is determined according to the thermal runaway condition, because the battery cells in the battery will not explode all at once, so there may be multiple battery cell explosions in the battery, for example, the level of thermal runaway of the battery is determined according to the number of explosions within a preset time, then the corresponding thermal runaway processing signal is generated according to the level of thermal runaway of the battery, and the corresponding fire-fighting action is performed according to the thermal runaway processing signal, so that the fire-fighting system is processed in stages according to the level of thermal runaway, and the stability of the system fire-fighting is increased.

[0141] In some embodiments, the thermal runaway protection method in the embodiment can be applied to the thermal runaway protection circuit in the above-mentioned embodiments, and the thermal runaway protection circuit in the above-mentioned embodiments can be used to execute the thermal runaway protection method.

[0142] In some embodiments, the sensing circuit 100 in the above-mentioned embodiments can be used to execute step S100, the master control circuit 200 can execute step S200, and the fire-fighting circuit 300 can execute step S300.

[0143] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 4 The thermal runaway protection method in the embodiment further includes steps S410 and S420.

[0144] In step S410, a parameter of the battery is detected, and a battery detection signal is generated according to the parameter of the battery.

[0145] In step S420, a thermal runaway condition met by the battery is determined according to the environment detection signal and the battery detection signal, and the thermal runaway processing signal is generated according to the corresponding thermal runaway condition.

[0146] In the embodiment, the thermal runaway condition met by the battery is determined by the combination of the environment detection signal and the battery detection signal, the thermal runaway processing signal is generated according to the corresponding thermal runaway condition, and then the corresponding fire-fighting action is performed according to the thermal runaway processing signal, so that the fire-fighting system is processed in stages according to the level of thermal runaway, and the stability of the system fire-fighting is increased.

[0147] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 5, Figure 5 The thermal runaway protection method in the embodiment further includes step S500: controlling the battery to stop discharging according to the thermal runaway processing signal.

[0148] In the embodiment, the battery can be controlled to stop discharging according to the thermal runaway processing signal while the thermal runaway processing signal is sent to the fire-fighting circuit, so that the problem of aggravation of thermal runaway caused by discharging of the battery in a harsh environment is avoided, and thus the fault tolerance of the entire fire-fighting system is increased.

[0149] In some embodiments, step S200 further includes: determining that the battery meets a first thermal runaway condition when the rising rate of the environment pressure is greater than a first preset pressure rate threshold, and generating a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal according to the first thermal runaway condition.

[0150] In the embodiment, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells, and when the battery cells appear thermal runaway and explosion, the environment pressure of the battery will suddenly rise. By detecting the rising rate of the environment pressure of the battery, it is determined whether the battery appears explosion phenomenon. When the rising rate of the environment pressure is greater than a first preset pressure rate threshold, it is determined that the battery meets a first thermal runaway condition, i.e., the battery appears a thermal runaway fault. The host circuit generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal based on the first thermal runaway condition, and the fire-fighting circuit performs a corresponding fire-fighting action according to the thermal runaway processing signal, so that the fire-fighting system is processed in stages according to the level of thermal runaway, and the stability of the system fire-fighting is increased.

[0151] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 6, Figure 6 The thermal runaway protection method in the embodiment further includes step S600: sending a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal to the fire-fighting circuit according to the number of times of triggering of the first thermal runaway condition.

[0152] In the embodiment, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells. When the battery cells have thermal runaway and explosion, the ambient pressure of the battery will suddenly rise. By detecting the rising rate of the ambient pressure of the battery, it is determined whether the explosion phenomenon occurs in the battery. When the rising rate of the ambient pressure is greater than a first preset pressure rate threshold, it is determined that the battery satisfies a first thermal runaway condition. The number of times that the first thermal runaway condition is triggered can be used to grade the fire-fighting treatment of the battery. That is, a corresponding thermal runaway treatment signal is sent to the fire-fighting circuit according to the number of times that the first thermal runaway condition is triggered, and a corresponding fire-fighting action is performed according to the thermal runaway treatment signal. Thus, the fire-fighting system is graded according to the level of thermal runaway, and the stability of the system fire-fighting is increased.

[0153] In some embodiments, in step S600, a first-grade fire-fighting treatment signal is generated when the number of times that the first thermal runaway condition is triggered is within a first preset threshold range, and a corresponding fire-fighting action is performed according to the first-grade fire-fighting treatment signal.

[0154] In the embodiment, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells. When the battery cells have thermal runaway and explosion, the ambient pressure of the battery will suddenly rise. By detecting the rising rate of the ambient pressure of the battery, it is determined whether the explosion phenomenon occurs in the battery. When the rising rate of the ambient pressure is greater than a first preset pressure rate threshold, it is determined that the battery satisfies a first thermal runaway condition. When the battery satisfies the first thermal runaway condition each time, it indicates that the battery cells have explosion once. When the number of times that the first thermal runaway condition is triggered is within a first preset threshold range, a first-grade fire-fighting treatment signal is generated, and a first-grade fire-fighting early warning treatment is performed.

[0155] In some embodiments, in step S600, a second-grade fire-fighting treatment signal is generated when the number of times that the first thermal runaway condition is triggered is within a second preset threshold range.

[0156] In the embodiment, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells. When the battery cells have thermal runaway and explosion, the ambient pressure of the battery will suddenly rise. By detecting the rising rate of the ambient pressure of the battery, it is determined whether the explosion phenomenon occurs in the battery. When the rising rate of the ambient pressure is greater than a first preset pressure rate threshold, it is determined that the battery satisfies a first thermal runaway condition. When the battery satisfies the first thermal runaway condition each time, it indicates that the battery cells have explosion once. When the number of times that the first thermal runaway condition is triggered is within a second preset threshold range, a second-grade fire-fighting treatment signal is generated, and a second-grade fire-fighting early warning treatment is performed.

[0157] In some embodiments, in step S600, a third-grade fire-fighting treatment signal is generated when the number of times that the first thermal runaway condition is triggered is within a third preset threshold range.

[0158] In this embodiment, the battery includes multiple cells. When a cell experiences thermal runaway and deflagration, the ambient air pressure inside the battery will suddenly rise. By detecting the rate of increase in the ambient air pressure, it is determined whether deflagration has occurred inside the battery. When the rate of increase in ambient air pressure exceeds a first preset air pressure rate threshold, the battery is deemed to meet the first thermal runaway condition. Each time the battery meets the first thermal runaway condition, it indicates that a cell inside the battery has deflagrated once. If the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered falls within a third preset threshold range, a three-level fire alarm signal is generated, and a three-level fire warning is executed. Therefore, based on the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered, a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal is generated, and graded fire actions are executed according to the thermal runaway processing signal. This allows for graded processing of the fire protection system based on the level of thermal runaway, increasing the stability of the system's fire protection capabilities.

[0159] In some embodiments, primary fire alarm processing, secondary fire alarm processing, and tertiary fire alarm processing may involve injecting nitrogen gas into the battery.

[0160] This application also provides an energy storage system, which participates in... Figure 7 As shown, the energy storage system includes a container 530, which contains at least one electrical cabinet 520 and at least one electrical box 510. At least one of the container 530, the electrical cabinet 520, or the electrical box 510 is provided with a thermal runaway protection circuit according to any embodiment.

[0161] In some embodiments, see Figure 8 As shown, the main control circuit 200 includes a primary controller 210, a secondary controller 220, and a tertiary controller 230. The tertiary controller 230 is located inside the electrical box 510, the secondary controller 220 is located inside the electrical cabinet 520, and the primary controller 210 is located inside the container 530. The tertiary controller 230 forwards the environmental detection signal sent by the sensing circuit 100 inside the electrical box 510 to the secondary controller 220. The secondary controller 220 determines the level of battery thermal runaway based on the environmental detection signal and outputs a corresponding fire alarm signal to the primary controller 210. The primary controller 210 generates a thermal runaway processing signal based on the fire alarm signal and sends it to the fire protection circuit 300.

[0162] In the embodiment, by setting the corresponding controllers in the container 530, the electric cabinet 520 and the electric box 510 respectively, multi-stage detection of battery thermal runaway can be realized. For example, the inductive circuit 100 transmits the collected environmental detection signals (such as environmental air pressure) to the secondary controller 220 through the communication mode by the tertiary controller 230. The secondary controller 220 can make a hierarchical fire-fighting judgment according to the obtained electrical parameters (cell temperature, voltage data) combined with the environmental detection signals collected by the inductive circuit 100. If the thermal runaway conditions of air pressure and electrical parameters are met at the same time within a certain time, it can be determined that the thermal runaway fire fault occurs. Thus, the corresponding water fire alarm signal is generated and transmitted to the primary controller 210, and the primary controller 210 generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal and sends it to the fire-fighting circuit 300.

[0163] In some embodiments, when the primary controller 210 receives the thermal runaway fire fault trigger n1 times, a signal needs to be transmitted to the fire-fighting controller for primary fire-fighting warning processing. When the primary controller 210 receives the thermal runaway fire fault trigger n1+1 times, a signal needs to be transmitted to the fire-fighting controller for secondary fire-fighting warning processing. When the primary controller 210 receives the thermal runaway fire fault trigger n1+2 times, a signal needs to be transmitted to the fire-fighting controller for tertiary fire-fighting warning processing.

[0164] In some embodiments, the primary fire-fighting warning processing can be to spray nitrogen gas for the fire-fighting circuit 300 once, the secondary fire-fighting warning processing can be to spray nitrogen gas for the fire-fighting circuit 300 twice, and the tertiary fire-fighting warning processing can be to spray nitrogen gas for the fire-fighting circuit 300 three times.

[0165] In some embodiments, the electric box 510 is provided with a fire-fighting glass bubble, and the tertiary controller 230 controls the fire-fighting glass bubble trigger according to the received glass bubble driving signal.

[0166] In the embodiment, by setting the fire-fighting glass bubble in the electric box 510, the fire-fighting glass bubble sprays inert gas or fire-fighting foam liquid under the control of the tertiary controller 230, so as to block the cell explosion and timely carry out fire-fighting control when the cell appears thermal runaway, thereby reducing the security risks and economic losses.

[0167] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 9As shown, the inductive circuit 100 can also be arranged in the electric cabinet 520, and the inductive circuit 100 in the electric cabinet 520 detects the ambient pressure in the electric cabinet, and generates a corresponding ambient detection signal to the secondary controller 220. The secondary controller 220 can make a hierarchical fire judgment according to the obtained electrical parameters (cell temperature, voltage data) combined with the ambient detection signal collected by the inductive circuit 100. If the thermal runaway conditions of both pressure and electrical parameters are met at the same time within a certain time, it can be determined that a thermal runaway fire fault occurs. Thus, a corresponding water fire alarm signal is generated and transmitted to the primary controller 210, and the primary controller 210 generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal and sends it to the fire circuit 300.

[0168] In some embodiments, the container 530, the electric cabinet 520, and the electric box 510 can be respectively arranged as a containing cavity. The inductive circuit 100 can be arranged in the electric box 510, the electric cabinet 520, or the container 530. The inductive circuit 100 detects the ambient pressure in each containing cavity to obtain a corresponding ambient detection signal. The corresponding controller processes the ambient detection signal, and the tertiary controller 230 uploads the ambient detection signal to the secondary controller 220. The secondary controller 220 uploads the corresponding ambient detection signal to the primary controller 210. The primary controller 210 can determine the level of battery thermal runaway according to the ambient detection signal and the electrical parameters of the battery, generate a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal according to the level of battery thermal runaway, and the fire circuit 300 executes a corresponding fire action according to the thermal runaway processing signal. Thus, the fire system is processed hierarchically according to the level of thermal runaway, and the stability of the system fire is increased.

[0169] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, only the division of the above functional units and modules is exemplified. In actual applications, the above functions can be completed by different functional units or modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. Each functional unit or module in the embodiment can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. In addition, the specific names of each functional unit or module are only for easy distinction, and do not limit the protection scope of the present application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be described here.

[0170] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. The parts not described or recorded in detail in a certain embodiment can be referred to the related description of other embodiments.

[0171] In the embodiments of the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed device and method can be implemented in other manners. For example, the embodiments of the electronic device described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the modules or units is merely logical function division, and there can be another division manner in actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections between different units, or the logical couplings or communication connections between different units, can be indirect couplings or communication connections through some interfaces, devices or units, and can be electrical, mechanical or in other forms.

[0172] The units described as separated components can or can not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units can or can not be physical units, i.e., can be located in one place, or can be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purposes of the embodiments of the present application.

[0173] In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present application can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically as a separate unit, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware, or in the form of software functional units.

[0174] The above embodiments are merely used to describe the technical solutions of the present application, rather than limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacements to some technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A thermal runaway protection circuit, characterized in that, The thermal runaway protection circuit includes: The sensing circuit is used to detect the ambient air pressure of the battery and generate a corresponding environmental detection signal; The main control circuit, connected to the sensing circuit, is used to determine the level of battery thermal runaway based on the environmental detection signal and generate a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal. The fire protection circuit is connected to the main control circuit and is used to perform corresponding fire protection actions according to the thermal runaway processing signal. The main control circuit is also used to determine that the battery meets the first thermal runaway condition when the rate of increase of the ambient air pressure is greater than the first preset air pressure rate threshold, and to determine the level of thermal runaway of the battery according to the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered, and to classify the fire protection treatment of the battery according to the level of thermal runaway; wherein, the level of thermal runaway of the battery is directly proportional to the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered.

2. The thermal runaway protection circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The main control circuit is used to determine the thermal runaway conditions that the battery meets based on the environmental detection signal, and to determine the level of thermal runaway of the battery based on the thermal runaway conditions.

3. The thermal runaway protection circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal runaway protection circuit also includes: A battery management circuit is used to detect battery parameters and generate a battery detection signal based on the battery parameters. The main control circuit is used to determine the thermal runaway conditions that the battery meets based on the environmental detection signal and the battery detection signal, and to generate the thermal runaway processing signal based on the corresponding thermal runaway conditions.

4. The thermal runaway protection circuit as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The battery management circuit is also used to control the battery to stop discharging based on the thermal runaway processing signal.

5. The thermal runaway protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The main control circuit is used to determine that the battery meets the second thermal runaway condition when the ambient air pressure is greater than the first preset air pressure threshold, and to generate a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal according to the second thermal runaway condition.

6. The thermal runaway protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The main control circuit is used to determine that the battery meets the third thermal runaway condition when the rate of decrease of the cell voltage in the battery is greater than the first preset voltage rate threshold, and to generate a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal according to the third thermal runaway condition.

7. The thermal runaway protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, When the battery's temperature rise rate reaches a first preset temperature rise rate threshold, the main control circuit determines that the battery meets the fourth thermal runaway condition and generates a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal based on the fourth thermal runaway condition.

8. The thermal runaway protection circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The main control circuit is also used to generate a level-one fire-fighting signal when the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered is within a first preset threshold range; and / or The main control circuit is also used to generate a secondary fire suppression signal when the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered is within a second preset threshold range; and / or The main control circuit is also used to generate a level 3 fire-fighting signal when the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered is within the range of a third preset threshold.

9. A method for preventing thermal runaway, characterized in that, The thermal runaway protection method includes: The ambient air pressure of the battery is detected, and a corresponding environmental detection signal is generated. The level of battery thermal runaway is determined based on the environmental detection signal, and a corresponding thermal runaway processing signal is generated; when the rate of increase of the ambient air pressure is greater than a first preset air pressure rate threshold, the battery is determined to meet the first thermal runaway condition. The corresponding fire-fighting action is executed according to the thermal runaway processing signal. The level of battery thermal runaway is determined according to the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered. The fire-fighting treatment of the battery is graded according to the level of thermal runaway. The level of battery thermal runaway is directly proportional to the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered.

10. The thermal runaway protection method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The determination of the level of battery thermal runaway based on the environmental detection signal includes: The thermal runaway conditions satisfied by the battery are determined based on the environmental detection signal, and the level of thermal runaway of the battery is determined based on the thermal runaway conditions.

11. The thermal runaway protection method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The thermal runaway protection method also includes: Detect the parameters of the battery and generate a battery detection signal based on the parameters of the battery; The thermal runaway conditions satisfied by the battery are determined based on the environmental detection signal and the battery detection signal, and the thermal runaway processing signal is generated according to the corresponding thermal runaway conditions.

12. The thermal runaway protection method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The thermal runaway protection method also includes: The battery is controlled to stop discharging based on the thermal runaway processing signal.

13. The thermal runaway protection method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The thermal runaway protection method also includes: If the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered falls within a first preset threshold range, a Level 1 fire-fighting response signal is generated, and corresponding fire-fighting actions are performed based on the Level 1 fire-fighting response signal; and / or If the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered falls within the range of a second preset threshold, a secondary fire suppression signal is generated; and / or If the number of times the first thermal runaway condition is triggered falls within the range of the third preset threshold, a level 3 fire-fighting response signal is generated.

14. An energy storage system, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes a container, which contains at least one electrical cabinet, and the electrical cabinet contains at least one electrical box; at least one of the container, the electrical cabinet, or the electrical box is provided with a thermal runaway protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1-8.

15. The energy storage system as described in claim 14, characterized in that, The main control circuit includes a primary controller, a secondary controller, and a tertiary controller; The third-level controller is located inside the electrical box, the second-level controller is located inside the electrical cabinet, and the first-level controller is located inside the container. The third-level controller forwards the environmental detection signal sent by the sensing circuit in the electrical box to the second-level controller; The secondary controller determines the level of battery thermal runaway based on the environmental detection signal and outputs a corresponding fire alarm signal to the primary controller. The primary controller generates the thermal runaway processing signal based on the fire alarm signal and sends it to the fire protection circuit.

16. The energy storage system as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The electrical box is equipped with a fire-fighting glass bulb, and the three-level controller controls the fire-fighting glass bulb to be triggered according to the received glass bulb drive signal.

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