Two-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device and biomass raw material carbonization system

Abstract

The application discloses a double-section combustion synthesis gas treatment device and a biomass raw material carbonization system. The double-section combustion synthesis gas treatment device comprises a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber. Synthesis gas can be subjected to under-oxygen combustion in the primary combustion chamber and complete combustion in the secondary combustion chamber. The under-oxygen combustion can reduce the combustion temperature, prolong the combustible material residence time and inhibit the generation of thermal NO X x. In combination with the complete combustion, the combustible components in the synthesis gas can be ensured to be completely treated. A cold flue gas inlet is arranged on the secondary combustion chamber, so that the cold flue gas is mixed into the secondary air, which is favorable for controlling the combustion temperature, changing the flow field and temperature distribution of the combustion area and making the combustion more uniform and sufficient. The combustion temperature is maintained at about 1000 DEG C, which is helpful for inhibiting the generation of NO X x and promoting the synthesis gas combustion reaction, so that the synthesis gas can be converted into clean hot flue gas. The hot flue gas can be backflowed into the carbonization furnace to provide heat for the carbonization process, so that a self-sufficient heat supply mode is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of carbonization furnaces, in particular to a double-section combustion synthesis gas treatment device and a biomass raw material carbonization system. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of biomass energy utilization technology, carbonization furnaces are widely used in the production fields of biomass charcoal, activated carbon and clean fuel. In the carbonization process, biomass raw materials (such as wood chips and straw) are pyrolyzed under a high-temperature and oxygen-deficient environment to produce a large amount of synthesis gas (mainly composed of tar, CO, carbon particles and volatile organic compounds). In order to avoid the harm of synthesis gas to the environment, a treatment device is provided to burn the synthesis gas. The traditional treatment device mainly adopts single-section combustion, which has the following problems:

[0003] 1. Low combustion efficiency; uneven oxygen distribution and insufficient residence time of combustible materials in single-section combustion, which easily leads to incomplete combustion of tar and CO, and finally leads to excessive pollutants (such as unburned tar, NO X ) in tail gas.

[0004] 2. Poor temperature control; the temperature in the combustion chamber fluctuates greatly, the generation of NO X is high in the high-temperature zone, and tar is easily condensed and blocked in the pipeline in the low-temperature zone, which affects the maintenance cost of the equipment.

[0005] 3. Poor adaptability; it is difficult to match the synthesis gas characteristics of different raw materials (such as wood chips and straw), and the parameter adjustment lags behind and the combustion stability is poor. SUMMARY

[0006] The application aims to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a double-section combustion synthesis gas treatment device and a biomass raw material carbonization system.

[0007] The application provides a double-section combustion synthesis gas treatment device, which comprises: a primary combustion chamber, the primary combustion chamber being provided with a burner and a primary air blower, and synthesis gas being capable of being subjected to oxygen-deficient combustion in the primary combustion chamber; a secondary combustion chamber, which is connected to the primary combustion chamber and is provided with a secondary air blower, and the remaining combustible components in the synthesis gas subjected to oxygen-deficient combustion being capable of being completely combusted in the secondary combustion chamber; wherein the combustion temperature in the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber is maintained at 1000±50℃; a cold flue gas inlet is arranged on the secondary combustion chamber, cold flue gas is mixed into the secondary combustion chamber through the cold flue gas inlet, the combustion temperature can be adjusted while oxygen is supplemented, and the complete combustion of combustible components is promoted.

[0008] Further, the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber adopt an adiabatic hearth; the adiabatic hearth comprises an outer shell, an inner lining and a sandwich layer, the sandwich layer is arranged between the outer shell and the inner lining, and the sandwich layer is made of a heat preservation material, which can reduce heat loss and improve combustion efficiency.

[0009] Further, the primary combustion chamber and / or the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a temperature sensor; through the temperature sensor, the oxygen supply is controlled in cooperation with the primary air fan, so that the combustion temperature can be effectively controlled; the cold flue gas inlet is communicated with the cold flue gas pipeline, and a proportional regulating valve is arranged on the cold flue gas pipeline; through the temperature sensor, the oxygen supply is controlled in cooperation with the secondary air fan and / or the proportional regulating valve controls the intake amount of the cold flue gas, so that the combustion temperature can be effectively controlled.

[0010] Further, the secondary combustion chamber is further provided with a cold gas inlet, which is adjacent to the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber; through the cold gas inlet, normal temperature or low temperature gas enters the secondary combustion chamber, so that the hot flue gas about to be discharged from the secondary combustion chamber can be cooled, so as to facilitate the utilization of the hot flue gas by the downstream.

[0011] Further, the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber are both provided with an oxygen concentration sensor, which is used to confirm whether the oxygen concentration in the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber meets the corresponding combustion requirements; and / or, a nitrogen oxide detector is arranged at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber, which is used to confirm the cleaning effect of low-nitrogen combustion.

[0012] The application also provides a biomass raw material carbonization system, characterized by comprising the above-mentioned double-section combustion synthesis gas treatment device, and further comprising a carbonization furnace for carbonizing biomass raw material; the carbonization furnace is provided with a synthesis gas outlet and a biomass charcoal outlet; the synthesis gas outlet is communicated with the primary combustion chamber, and the synthesis gas generated by carbonization can enter the double-section combustion synthesis gas treatment device to successively perform under-oxygen combustion and complete combustion, and finally form hot flue gas; the carbonization furnace is further provided with a flue gas backflow port, and the hot flue gas can supply heat for the carbonization furnace through the flue gas backflow port.

[0013] Further, the carbonization furnace is wrapped with a jacket, and the flue gas backflow port is arranged on the jacket, so that the hot flue gas can enter the jacket through the flue gas backflow port to indirectly supply heat for the carbonization of the biomass raw material; the jacket is further provided with a flue gas outlet, and the flue gas discharged through the flue gas outlet still has heat energy, which can be utilized by the downstream.

[0014] Further, after the flue gas is cooled, it can be used as cold flue gas and backflow into the secondary combustion chamber to assist complete combustion.

[0015] Further, the biomass raw material carbonization system further comprises: a waste heat boiler or a dryer arranged downstream of the carbonization furnace, and the flue gas with heat energy can enter the waste heat boiler or the dryer to play a role; and / or a chimney arranged downstream of the carbonization furnace and used for discharging flue gas.

[0016] Further, the biomass raw material carbonization system further comprises: a discharging auger configured to receive the biomass char output through the biomass char outlet; a biomass char collecting cylinder configured to receive the biomass char conveyed through the discharging auger; and a cooling mechanism configured to act on the discharging auger to cool the biomass char therein, wherein the cooling mechanism comprises: a water-cooled jacket wrapped around the discharging auger; and a cooling tower configured to supply cooling water to the water-cooled jacket; in operation, the cooling tower outputs the cooling water, the cooling water enters the water-cooled jacket to cool the biomass char in the discharging auger, and the heated water after heat exchange flows back to the cooling tower to be cooled by the cooling tower, so as to realize recycling of the cooling water.

[0017] The application provides a double-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device, which comprises a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber, synthesis gas can be subjected to under-oxygen combustion in the primary combustion chamber and complete combustion in the secondary combustion chamber, the under-oxygen combustion can reduce the combustion temperature, prolong the residence time of combustible material and inhibit the generation of thermal NO X , and in combination with the complete combustion, the combustible components in the synthesis gas can be ensured to be completely treated; a cold flue gas inlet is arranged on the secondary combustion chamber, so that the cold flue gas is mixed into the secondary air, which is beneficial to controlling the combustion temperature, changing the flow field and temperature distribution of the combustion area and making the combustion more uniform and sufficient; the combustion temperature is maintained at about 1000 DEG C, which is helpful to inhibiting the generation of NO X and promoting the combustion reaction of the synthesis gas, so as to ensure that the synthesis gas is converted into clean hot flue gas.

[0018] The application further provides a biomass raw material carbonization system, which comprises the double-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device and further comprises a carbonization furnace, synthesis gas generated by carbonization enters the double-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device, and hot flue gas generated by combustion flows back to the carbonization furnace to provide heat for the carbonization process, so that the energy is recycled, the carbonization process is not affected by external energy supply, the stability and reliability of the system are improved, and the continuity and stability of the biomass carbonization production are ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic view of a biomass raw material carbonization system provided by the application;

[0020] Figure 2 Fig. 2 is a structural sectional view of a primary combustion chamber provided by the application;

[0021] Figure 3 Fig. 3 is a structural sectional view of a secondary combustion chamber provided by the application;

[0022] Figure 4 Fig. 4 is a structural sectional view of the secondary combustion chamber A-A shown in Fig. 3. Figure 3 DETAILED DESCRIPTION ​

[0023] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0024] This application provides a two-stage combustion syngas treatment device, comprising: a primary combustion chamber 11, which is equipped with a burner 21 and a primary air fan 22, through which syngas can undergo oxygen-deficient combustion; and a secondary combustion chamber 12, which is connected to the primary combustion chamber 11 and is equipped with a secondary air fan 23, through which the remaining combustible components in the syngas after oxygen-deficient combustion can undergo complete combustion; wherein the combustion temperature in the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 is maintained at 1000±50℃; and a cold flue gas inlet is provided on the secondary combustion chamber 12, through which cold flue gas is mixed into the secondary combustion chamber 12, which can adjust the combustion temperature while supplementing oxygen, thereby promoting the complete combustion of combustible components.

[0025] First, let's explain syngas. Syngas is a complex mixture of combustible gases, typically produced from raw materials such as biomass, coal, and organic waste through gasification or pyrolysis reactions. Syngas mainly includes combustible gases (carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane), non-combustible gases (carbon dioxide), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). S， Syngas contains impurities such as tar, benzene compounds, and particulate matter (unreacted carbon particles or ash). Additionally, syngas may contain trace amounts of nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or ammonia; the specific amounts of these impurities depend on the composition of the feedstock.

[0026] Let me explain cold flue gas again. Cold flue gas refers to flue gas that has been cooled and is at a relatively low temperature (below the combustion temperature). The main components of flue gas are water vapor, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides. Because the temperature of cold flue gas is lower than the combustion temperature, and its oxygen content is relatively low (usually <5%), incorporating cold flue gas into the complete combustion process can reduce the oxygen concentration in the combustion zone, decrease the combustion rate and furnace temperature, thereby preventing excessively high local temperatures and inhibiting the reaction of nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) at high temperatures to form thermal nitrogen oxides (NOx). X), and can help to lengthen the flame, make the fuel burn more evenly in the furnace, thereby improving the quality of coke, shortening the coking time, and can also adjust the atmosphere of the combustion area, and for some combustion processes that require a specific atmosphere, the incorporation of cold flue gas helps to achieve the appropriate redox conditions, promote the progress of certain reactions or inhibit adverse reactions, and can also increase the volume of gas in the combustion chamber, further prolonging the residence time of combustible materials in the high-temperature zone, promoting the complete combustion of components such as tar and CO.

[0027] Specifically, the primary combustion chamber 11 is provided with a burner 21 for providing a fire source for combustion, and a primary air blower 22 for delivering air with a low oxygen concentration to the primary combustion chamber 11, so that the synthesis gas undergoes under-oxygen combustion in the primary combustion chamber 11.

[0028] Specifically, reference can be made to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the primary combustion chamber 11 is provided with a synthesis gas inlet, a burner interface, and a primary air inlet. The carbonization furnace 30 operates to produce synthesis gas, which can enter the primary combustion chamber 11 through the pipe and the synthesis gas inlet. The primary combustion chamber 11 is connected to the burner 21 and the primary air blower 22 through the burner interface and the primary air inlet, respectively.

[0029] The secondary combustion chamber 12 is in communication with the primary combustion chamber 11, and the secondary combustion chamber 12 is provided with a secondary air blower 23 and a cold flue gas inlet. The synthesis gas discharged from the primary combustion chamber 11, which has undergone under-oxygen combustion, enters the secondary combustion chamber 12, and the secondary air blower 23 can supplement oxygen, while the cold flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber 12 through the cold flue gas inlet, promoting the complete combustion of the remaining combustible components in the synthesis gas.

[0030] Specifically, reference can be made to Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the secondary combustion chamber 12 is provided with a synthesis gas inlet, and the synthesis gas inlet of the secondary combustion chamber 12 is in communication with the synthesis gas outlet of the primary combustion chamber 11. The secondary combustion chamber 12 is also provided with a secondary air inlet and a cold flue gas inlet, the secondary air inlet is in communication with the secondary air blower 23, and the cold flue gas inlet is in communication with the cold flue gas pipe. The cold flue gas pipe can be connected to a dedicated cold flue gas supply device, or can be connected to the flue gas discharge port on the carbonization furnace 30 (details are described below).

[0031] Continuing to refer to Figure 4The secondary air inlet is arranged opposite to the cold flue gas inlet on the secondary combustion chamber 12. The secondary air and the cold flue gas entering the secondary combustion chamber 12 collide, and the generated turbulence can enhance the mixing effect between the gases, so that the oxygen in the secondary air and the combustible components in the synthesis gas are more fully contacted, the combustion reaction is promoted, and the combustion efficiency is improved; at the same time, the cold flue gas is more evenly dispersed in the high-temperature gas, and the overall temperature is rapidly reduced. Through the collision and mixing, local high-temperature or low-temperature areas can also be avoided in the secondary combustion chamber 12, so that the temperature field is more uniform.

[0032] In use, according to the changes of the composition and flow of the synthesis gas, the collision ratio and speed of the secondary air and the cold flue gas can be flexibly adjusted to control the combustion process. For example, when the combustible components in the synthesis gas increase, the proportion of the secondary air is increased to ensure sufficient combustion; when the flow of the synthesis gas changes, the amount of the cold flue gas is adjusted accordingly to maintain stable combustion conditions.

[0033] The synthesis gas first enters the primary combustion chamber 11 for under-oxygen combustion. In the primary combustion chamber 11, the mixed gas with a low oxygen concentration (oxygen concentration ≤ 12%) supplied by the primary air fan 22 makes the combustion in a state of oxygen deficiency. This combustion method can reduce the combustion temperature, prolong the residence time of combustible materials, and inhibit the generation of thermal NO X Part of the combustion products and incomplete combustion components generated by the under-oxygen combustion enter the secondary combustion chamber 12. In the secondary combustion chamber 12, the secondary air fan 23 supplements oxygen (oxygen concentration ≥ 18%) to ensure that the remaining combustible components such as CO and tar can be completely combusted. At the same time, the cold flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber 12 and mixes with the secondary air. The introduction of the cold flue gas can reduce the temperature of the combustion area, on the one hand, further inhibit the generation of NO X , on the other hand, control the combustion temperature to ensure that the combustion is carried out in a suitable temperature range, and promote the complete combustion of the remaining combustible components. Finally, the synthesis gas is converted into hot flue gas and discharged, and the flue gas is a relatively clean gas that meets environmental protection requirements and can be directly discharged.

[0034] It should be noted that the combustion temperature is controlled at about 1000°C because, for the primary combustion chamber 11, the under-oxygen combustion is carried out to maintain the temperature at about 1000°C, which is mainly based on the dual considerations of inhibiting the generation of NO X and promoting the preliminary reaction of the synthesis gas. In a high-temperature environment, the chemical reaction rate is accelerated, and the tar and CO components in the synthesis gas can begin to decompose and preliminarily combust under the condition of oxygen deficiency. At the same time, the temperature of about 1000°C is not too high, and the reaction between nitrogen and oxygen can be effectively reduced, thereby inhibiting the generation of thermal NO XThe main task of the secondary combustion chamber 12 is to make the remaining combustible components after the insufficient oxygen combustion fully burn, maintain a high temperature of about 1000℃, and provide sufficient energy for the remaining combustible components, such as unburned CO and tar, to react with the supplemented oxygen quickly and fully, so as to realize complete combustion, which not only can improve the combustion efficiency, ensure that the combustible components in the synthesis gas are completely consumed, reduce the emission of pollutants, but also can produce enough high-temperature hot flue gas to provide heat source for the downstream carbonization furnace 30 and other equipment.

[0035] The double-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device provided by the application prolongs the residence time of combustible materials through the insufficient oxygen combustion of the primary combustion chamber 11, and realizes complete combustion through the secondary combustion chamber 12 supplemented with oxygen, thereby solving the problem of insufficient combustion; the incorporation of cold flue gas can effectively control the combustion temperature of the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 at 1000±50℃, change the flow field and temperature distribution of the combustion area, and make the combustion more uniform and sufficient; through staged combustion, the oxygen supply and temperature can be accurately adjusted according to different combustion requirements, and the adaptability of the synthesis gas to different raw material carbonization production is improved.

[0036] The double-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device provided by the application ensures the sufficient combustion of the combustible components such as tar and CO in the synthesis gas through the two-stage combustion design, improves the combustion efficiency, and reduces the content of unburned tar and other pollutants in the tail gas; the primary combustion chamber 11 inhibits the generation of thermal NO X through insufficient oxygen combustion, and the secondary combustion chamber 12 further reduces the generation of NO X through the incorporation of cold flue gas, realizes low-nitrogen combustion, and meets the environmental protection requirements; accurate temperature control and oxygen supply adjustment make the device adapt to the characteristics of synthesis gas of different raw materials, improve the stability of combustion, and reduce the maintenance cost of the equipment.

[0037] In an embodiment, the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 are integrally formed and are two different functional areas in the same furnace body.

[0038] Specifically, the front section of the furnace body is used as the primary combustion chamber 11 and is an insufficient oxygen combustion zone, the rear section is used as the secondary combustion chamber 12 and is a complete combustion zone, and a partition plate is arranged in the furnace body, the partition plate is located between the insufficient oxygen combustion zone and the complete combustion zone, the partition plate divides the furnace cavity into front and rear sections, and realizes physical isolation of the insufficient oxygen combustion and the complete combustion. The partition plate is provided with flow-through holes for facilitating the passage of gas.

[0039] Optionally, the partition plate is made of high-temperature resistant material to withstand the high-temperature environment in the furnace. The surface of the partition plate is also coated with an oxidation-resistant coating (such as an Al2O3 ceramic coating) to improve the oxidation resistance of the partition plate and prolong its service life.

[0040] Optionally, the opening degree of the flow-through hole on the partition plate can be adjusted, and the opening degree of the flow-through hole can be controlled by a servo motor, a hydraulic device or other automatic driving structure, so that the flow of gas from the under-oxygen combustion zone to the complete combustion zone can be regulated.

[0041] More specifically, the under-oxygen combustion zone is provided with a burner 21 and a primary air blower 22, and the primary air blower 22 is used to inject mixed gas with a low oxygen concentration into the under-oxygen combustion zone to maintain an under-oxygen environment. Such an under-oxygen environment and a specific temperature can prolong the residence time of the combustible in the region, thereby effectively inhibiting the generation of nitrogen oxides NO X .

[0042] Part of the combustion products and incomplete combustion components generated by under-oxygen combustion enter the complete combustion zone through the flow-through hole on the partition plate. According to the combustion condition and process requirements, the residence time of the synthesis gas in the under-oxygen combustion zone can be assisted to be controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the flow-through hole, and the gas flow in the complete combustion zone can be controlled to ensure the realization of complete combustion.

[0043] The complete combustion zone is provided with a secondary air blower 23, and the secondary air blower 23 is used to inject mixed gas with a high oxygen concentration into the complete combustion zone. At the same time, the synthesis gas treatment device further includes an FGR flue gas recirculation system, and cold flue gas can be introduced into the complete combustion zone and mixed with the secondary air. By supplementing oxygen and mixing in cold flue gas, it can be ensured that the remaining combustible components such as CO and tar from the under-oxygen combustion zone are completely combusted. The mixing of cold flue gas can also reduce the flame temperature, thereby further reducing the generation of NO X .

[0044] Optionally, an emergency pressure relief valve is further arranged on the furnace body. In the case of abnormal working conditions such as deflagration, the emergency pressure relief valve can timely release the pressure in the furnace to prevent equipment damage and accidents, and ensure the safety of operators and equipment.

[0045] In other embodiments, the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 are two independent furnace bodies, and are connected through a pipeline.

[0046] In order to ensure that the gas stays in the combustion chamber for a sufficient time, the combustion chamber often has a certain length. In order to reduce the space layout of the equipment in one direction, the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 can be arranged side by side, and the two are connected through a bent pipeline.

[0047] The present application does not limit the specific configuration of the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12.

[0048] Optionally, the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 adopt an adiabatic hearth; the adiabatic hearth includes an outer shell, an inner lining and a sandwich layer, the sandwich layer is arranged between the outer shell and the inner lining, and the sandwich layer is made of thermal insulation material, which can reduce heat loss and improve combustion efficiency.

[0049] In detail, refer to Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the furnace wall of the primary combustion chamber 11 is a multi-layer structure. The outer shell is usually made of metal material, such as carbon steel, which mainly plays a mechanical protection role, can prevent the internal structure from being damaged by external force, and can also block the influence of the external environment on the inside of the hearth, such as preventing the heat preservation layer from being damp. The inner lining needs to be made of high-temperature-resistant metal materials, such as stainless steel, heat-resistant alloy or refractory bricks, because it directly contacts the high-temperature combustion area, in order to ensure the structural strength and prevent it from deforming or melting at high temperatures. The outer shell and the inner lining are separated, and the space between them is filled with heat preservation materials such as aluminum silicate fiber or ceramic fiber to form a sandwich. The thickness of the sandwich is usually 50-100mm. Because the heat preservation material has very low thermal conductivity ≤0.15W / (m・K), it can effectively reduce heat loss to the outside.

[0050] When the primary combustion chamber 11 is working, the high temperature generated by combustion is blocked by the inner lining, most of the heat is confined inside the hearth, and the heat preservation material of the sandwich further prevents heat transfer to the outer shell, thereby maintaining a high temperature environment inside the hearth, reducing heat loss and ensuring combustion efficiency.

[0051] Continuing to refer to Figure 3 The furnace wall of the secondary combustion chamber 12 is also a multi-layer structure, which is similar to the primary combustion chamber 11 and is also composed of an outer shell, an inner lining and a sandwich, and details are not repeated.

[0052] The remaining combustible components after the insufficient oxygen combustion continue to burn in the secondary combustion chamber 12. The adiabatic hearth can ensure that the heat generated by combustion is fully utilized, and by reducing heat emission to the surrounding environment, it can ensure the stability of the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 12 and provide a good environment for complete combustion.

[0053] In the synthesis gas combustion process, the adiabatic hearth can effectively reduce heat loss to maintain a high temperature in the furnace. In the primary combustion chamber 11, the high temperature environment helps the synthesis gas to react under insufficient oxygen conditions and can prolong the residence time of the combustible material and inhibit the generation of NO X In the secondary combustion chamber 12, the high temperature environment is conducive to the complete combustion of the remaining combustible components. Stable hearth temperature makes the combustion process more controllable, which helps to reduce fluctuations and abnormal conditions in the combustion process, helps to ensure that the synthesis gas follows the predetermined reaction path in the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12, and improves the reliability and safety of the combustion. At the same time, due to less heat loss, it does not need to consume too much energy to maintain the combustion temperature, which can reduce the amount of fuel used and reduce production costs, making the combustion process more energy-efficient.

[0054] Optionally, the primary combustion chamber 11 is provided with a temperature sensor; by cooperating with the primary air fan 22 to control the oxygen supply, the combustion temperature can be effectively controlled.

[0055] Optionally, the secondary combustion chamber 12 is configured with a temperature sensor; through the temperature sensor, the oxygen supply is controlled in cooperation with the secondary air fan 23, so that the combustion temperature can be effectively controlled.

[0056] Take the temperature sensor configured in the primary combustion chamber 11 as an example for description. The temperature sensor is installed at a suitable position inside the primary combustion chamber 11, such as the furnace wall, the air flow channel, etc. The temperature sensor is in close contact or close to the combustion area inside the combustion chamber, so as to accurately monitor the real-time temperature. The temperature sensor can convert the temperature data into an electrical signal or other transmittable signal form, and transmit it to the control system through a line. The primary air fan 22 is connected with the primary combustion chamber 11 and is responsible for delivering oxygen-containing gas to the primary combustion chamber 11. After the temperature sensor monitors the temperature in the primary combustion chamber 11, the signal is transmitted to the control system, and the control system adjusts the rotating speed or gas supply of the primary air fan 22 according to the preset temperature range, so as to maintain the combustion temperature of the primary combustion chamber 11 at 1000±50℃.

[0057] Specifically, when the temperature in the primary combustion chamber 11 is higher than the set upper limit, the control system reduces the oxygen supply of the primary air fan 22, so as to reduce the temperature by reducing the intensity of the combustion reaction. When the temperature in the primary combustion chamber 11 is lower than the set lower limit, the oxygen supply of the primary air fan 22 is increased, so as to promote the combustion by enhancing the combustion reaction.

[0058] Similarly, when the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 12 is higher than the set upper limit, the oxygen supply of the secondary air fan 23 is reduced, so as to slow down the combustion reaction speed; when the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 12 is lower than the set lower limit, the oxygen supply of the secondary air fan 23 is increased, so as to promote the combustion.

[0059] Optionally, the cold flue gas inlet is communicated with a cold flue gas pipeline, and a proportional regulating valve is arranged on the cold flue gas pipeline; through the temperature sensor, the cold flue gas inlet is controlled in cooperation with the proportional regulating valve, so that the combustion temperature can be effectively controlled.

[0060] The cold flue gas is delivered to the cold flue gas inlet through the cold flue gas pipeline, and can be mixed with the secondary air and act on the secondary combustion chamber 12 through the cold flue gas inlet. The proportional regulating valve is installed on the cold flue gas pipeline. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 12 is higher than the set upper limit, the control system increases the opening degree of the proportional regulating valve, so that more cold flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber 12, and the temperature of the combustion area can be reduced by using the low-temperature characteristics of the cold flue gas. Conversely, when the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 12 is lower than the set lower limit, the control system reduces the opening degree of the proportional regulating valve, so as to reduce the amount of cold flue gas entering, and the temperature of the combustion area can be increased.

[0061] If necessary, the oxygen supply of the primary and secondary air fans 22 and 23 and the opening degree of the cold flue gas proportional regulating valve are adjusted simultaneously, which can more accurately and quickly control the temperature of the combustion chamber.

[0062] As can be easily understood, the supply amount of oxygen and the mixing amount of cold flue gas directly affect the intensity of the combustion reaction and the heat release during the combustion process. Increasing the supply amount of oxygen will make the combustion more intense and release more heat, resulting in an increase in temperature; reducing the supply amount of oxygen will reduce the combustion intensity and lower the temperature. The mixing of cold flue gas is equivalent to introducing low-temperature substances, which can lower the temperature of the combustion area and play a cooling role by absorbing the heat generated by combustion. By adjusting these two key factors, efficient regulation and control of the combustion temperature can be achieved.

[0063] In traditional combustion devices for syngas treatment, the combustion conditions cannot be accurately controlled in real time, and the temperature in the combustion chamber is prone to large fluctuations. High temperature can lead to the generation of a large amount of NO X , increasing environmental pollution; low temperature can cause incomplete combustion of syngas, reducing combustion efficiency, and possibly causing condensation and blockage of pipelines by components such as tar. The present application uses temperature sensors to collect temperature information of the combustion chamber in real time to form a closed-loop feedback control system, and then automatically adjusts the oxygen supply of the primary and secondary air fans 22 and 23 and / or the opening degree of the cold flue gas proportional regulating valve according to the deviation between the preset temperature value and the actual monitored temperature, to achieve accurate control of the combustion temperature.

[0064] In a specific embodiment, an adjustable air door is provided on the primary air fan 22 to adjust the oxygen supplement into the primary combustion chamber 11, and the primary air fan 22 has a speed regulation function to adjust according to the combustion state and oxygen concentration feedback. The secondary air fan 23 is also equipped with an adjustable air door and has a speed regulation function to dynamically adjust the oxygen supply according to the combustion demand of the secondary combustion chamber 12.

[0065] Further, in this embodiment, the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 are both equipped with oxygen concentration sensors for real-time monitoring of the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber and feeding back the data to the control system. The secondary combustion chamber 12 is also equipped with a nitrogen oxide detector, which is arranged at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 12 to monitor the nitrogen oxide content in the hot flue gas in real time, providing a basis for adjusting the air door opening degree of the secondary air fan 23. The primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 are also both equipped with temperature sensors for real-time monitoring of the combustion temperature in the combustion chamber and feeding back the temperature data to the control system. A proportional regulating valve is provided on the cold flue gas pipeline to adjust the mixing proportion of cold flue gas according to the temperature feedback information.

[0066] In operation, according to the combustion state of the primary combustion chamber 11, the control system automatically adjusts the damper opening of the primary air fan 22 to preliminarily adjust the oxygen amount entering the primary combustion chamber 11 to meet the basic requirement of oxygen-deficient combustion. The oxygen concentration sensor monitors the oxygen concentration in the primary combustion chamber 11 in real time. When the detected oxygen concentration is higher than the set value (e.g., 6%-12%), the control system reduces the rotation speed of the primary air fan 22 to reduce the oxygen supply; when the oxygen concentration is lower than the set value, the control system increases the rotation speed of the primary air fan 22 to supplement oxygen, so as to maintain the oxygen concentration in the primary combustion chamber 11 within the set range, realize oxygen-deficient combustion, and inhibit the generation of NO X .

[0067] In the secondary combustion chamber 12, the oxygen concentration sensor and the NOx detector feed back data in real time. According to the oxygen concentration and the NOx detection value, the control system dynamically adjusts the damper opening of the secondary air fan 23 to ensure that the oxygen concentration in the secondary combustion chamber meets the set value (e.g., 18%-24%) and guarantees that the remaining combustible components, such as CO and tar, can be completely combusted. At the same time, according to the NOx detection value, the control system optimizes the oxygen supplement strategy to avoid an increase in the generation of NOx due to excessive oxygen. X X X

[0068] The temperature sensor monitors the combustion temperature in the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 in real time. When the temperature exceeds the set upper limit (e.g., 1050℃), the control system can, as needed, link the primary air fan 22, the secondary air fan 23, and / or the proportional regulating valve to control the oxygen supplement amount or the amount of cold flue gas mixed in to regulate the combustion temperature, so as to ensure that the oxygen-deficient combustion in the primary combustion chamber 11 and the complete combustion in the secondary combustion chamber 12 are stably and efficiently performed at about 1000℃.

[0069] Optionally, the secondary combustion chamber 12 is further provided with a cold gas inlet, which is adjacent to the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 12. The cold gas inlet is used to make normal-temperature or low-temperature gas enter the secondary combustion chamber 12, so as to cool the hot flue gas about to be discharged from the secondary combustion chamber 12, thereby facilitating the utilization of the hot flue gas by the downstream.

[0070] For details, please refer to Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the secondary combustion chamber 12 is provided with a cold gas inlet at the rear section adjacent to the hot flue gas outlet. The cold gas inlet is connected to an external cold gas supply pipeline, and the cold gas supply pipeline is provided with an adjustable valve for adjusting the amount of cold gas entering. The cold gas can be low-temperature gas (e.g., cold flue gas) or normal-temperature gas (e.g., air). Mixing cold gas into the hot flue gas can quickly cool it down.

[0071] ​​​After the complete combustion of the synthesis gas in the secondary combustion chamber 12, the generated hot flue gas will flow to the outlet. At this time, the cold gas is introduced through the cold gas inlet, and the cold gas meets and mixes with the hot flue gas in the area near the outlet. The cold gas can rapidly reduce the temperature of the hot flue gas, so that the temperature of the hot flue gas is reduced from nearly 1000°C to the required temperature of the downstream equipment (such as a waste heat boiler, a dryer, etc.).

[0072] In a specific embodiment, the hot flue gas is returned to the carbonization furnace 30 for heating the carbonization furnace 30. The carbonization temperature of the carbonization furnace 30 is 900°C. In order to ensure that the hot flue gas is cooled to nearly 900°C, a temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 12 or the inlet of the carbonization furnace 30. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the hot flue gas is higher or lower than 900°C, the gas inlet amount of the cold gas inlet is adjusted according to the temperature difference.

[0073] By introducing the cold gas near the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 12 to cool the hot flue gas, the temperature of the hot flue gas can be adjusted to a range suitable for use by downstream equipment, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0074] Optionally, the secondary combustion chamber 12 is provided with a tertiary air fan, and the tertiary air fan is connected to the cold gas inlet for introducing the cold gas into the secondary combustion chamber 12 and mixing with the hot flue gas. At this time, the control system can control the cold gas inlet amount by adjusting the rotating speed or the damper opening degree of the tertiary air fan.

[0075] Optionally, the secondary air fan 23 has two gas supply paths, the first gas supply path is connected to the secondary air inlet, and the second gas supply path is connected to the cold gas inlet and is provided with an adjustable valve. When it is necessary to cool the hot flue gas, the adjustable valve on the second gas supply path is opened to facilitate the mixing of the cold gas into the hot flue gas. When the temperature of the hot flue gas is higher than the required value of the downstream, the opening degree of the adjustable valve is increased to introduce more cold gas for cooling. When the temperature of the hot flue gas is lower than the required value of the downstream, the opening degree of the adjustable valve is reduced to reduce the cold gas inlet amount.

[0076] Optionally, the cold flue gas pipeline has two flow paths, the first flow path is connected to the cold flue gas, and the second flow path is connected to the cold gas inlet and is provided with an adjustable valve. At this time, the cold flue gas can mix into the secondary air to participate in the complete combustion, and can also mix into the hot flue gas to cool it.

[0077] Optionally, the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 are each provided with an oxygen concentration sensor for confirming whether the oxygen concentration in the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 meets the corresponding combustion requirements.

[0078] Specifically, oxygen concentration sensors are installed at appropriate locations inside the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12, such as in the airflow channel near the combustion zone or on the furnace wall. The oxygen concentration sensors are in direct contact with the combustion environment inside the combustion chamber, ensuring that the oxygen concentration information inside the combustion chamber can be accurately obtained in real time.

[0079] The oxygen concentration sensor is connected to the primary air fan 22, the secondary air fan 23, and the control system.

[0080] In the primary combustion chamber 11, the oxygen concentration sensor transmits the detected oxygen concentration signal to the control system. The control system adjusts the oxygen supply of the primary air fan 22 based on the preset oxygen concentration standard for anaerobic combustion and other factors (such as temperature). If the oxygen concentration sensor detects that the oxygen concentration is too high, the control system can reduce the oxygen supply by decreasing the speed of the primary air fan 22 or reducing its damper opening; conversely, it increases the oxygen supply to ensure that the syngas undergoes anaerobic combustion in a suitable oxygen concentration environment.

[0081] In the secondary combustion chamber 12, the oxygen concentration sensor feeds data back to the control system. The control system then determines the oxygen concentration based on a preset complete combustion oxygen concentration standard and other factors (such as temperature, NO). X The system dynamically adjusts the oxygen supply of the secondary air blower 23 based on the detected values. When the oxygen concentration is lower than the target value, the control system increases the oxygen supply of the secondary air blower 23; when the oxygen concentration is higher than the target value, the oxygen supply is appropriately reduced to ensure that the remaining combustible components are completely burned in a suitable oxygen concentration environment.

[0082] Optionally, a nitrogen oxide detector is provided at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 12 to confirm the cleanliness of low-NOx combustion.

[0083] During combustion, NO X There are three main types of nitrogen oxides (NOx) generation: thermal, fuel-based, and rapid. Thermal NOxes are generated at high temperatures from the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen in the air; the higher the temperature and oxygen concentration, the greater the amount generated. Fuel-based NOxes are generated by the oxidation of nitrogen-containing compounds in fuel during combustion. Rapid NOxes are generated in the early stages of combustion from the reaction of hydrocarbons with nitrogen. The two-stage combustion syngas treatment device provided in this application effectively reduces the generation of these three types of NOxes through oxygen-deficient combustion in the primary combustion chamber 11 and complete combustion in the secondary combustion chamber 12.

[0084] The nitrogen oxide detector is installed at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 12 so that the detector can directly contact the flue gas that is about to be discharged after two stages of combustion, thereby accurately obtaining information on the nitrogen oxide content in the flue gas.

[0085] The nitrogen oxide detector is connected with the control system through a signal line. The detector transmits the real-time detected nitrogen oxide concentration data to the control system, which analyzes and judges according to the preset nitrogen oxide emission standard or target value, and then adjusts adaptively through the primary air fan 22, the secondary air fan 23 and the proportional regulating valve on the cold flue gas pipeline. For example, if the nitrogen oxide detector detects that the nitrogen oxide concentration exceeds the standard value, the control system can reduce the oxygen supply of the primary air fan 22, suppress the high-temperature combustion of the primary combustion chamber 11, and reduce the generation of NO X ; or increase the cold flue gas intake, reduce the combustion temperature, and reduce the generation of NO X .

[0086] The application also provides a biomass raw material carbonization system, which comprises the above-mentioned double-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device and further comprises a carbonization furnace 30 for carbonizing biomass raw material; the carbonization furnace 30 is provided with a synthesis gas outlet 31 and a biomass char outlet 32; the synthesis gas outlet 31 is communicated with the primary combustion chamber 11, and the carbonization generated synthesis gas can enter the double-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device to successively perform under-oxygen combustion and complete combustion, and finally form hot flue gas; the carbonization furnace 30 is further provided with a flue gas backflow port 33, and the hot flue gas can heat the carbonization furnace 30 through the flue gas backflow port 33.

[0087] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the biomass raw material carbonization system mainly comprises the carbonization furnace 30 and the double-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device. The left side of the carbonization furnace 30 is provided with a material inlet, and the biomass raw material can be put into the carbonization furnace 30 through the material inlet; the right side of the carbonization furnace 30 is provided with the synthesis gas outlet 31 and the biomass char outlet 32; as the carbonization proceeds, the biomass raw material is converted into synthesis gas and biomass char; the synthesis gas outlet 31 is communicated with the primary combustion chamber 11, and the synthesis gas generated by the carbonization furnace 30 can be discharged to the double-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device through the synthesis gas outlet 31 to realize gas purification; the biomass char is discharged through the biomass char outlet 32 for subsequent collection and utilization.

[0088] Continuing to refer to Figure 1 The carbonization furnace 30 is further provided with the flue gas backflow port 33, which is communicated with the secondary combustion chamber 12. The hot flue gas generated after two-stage combustion acts on the carbonization furnace 30 through the flue gas backflow port 33. The hot flue gas carries a large amount of heat energy, which can provide sustained heat for the carbonization process of the biomass raw material.

[0089] In a specific embodiment, the carbonization temperature of the carbonization furnace 30 is 900°C, and the combustion temperature of the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 is 1000°C. After the synthesis gas is combusted in the secondary combustion chamber 12, it is converted into hot flue gas, and the temperature of the hot flue gas is close to 1000°C. To avoid the high-temperature flue gas from flowing back and damaging the carbonization temperature, the cold gas inlet on the secondary combustion chamber 12 is activated, and the hot flue gas is cooled to a temperature close to 900°C by mixing cold gas into the hot flue gas. The hot flue gas flows back to the carbonization furnace 30, and the carbonization furnace 30 no longer needs additional heating.

[0090] The synthesis gas generated by the carbonization furnace 30 is transported to the double-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device for combustion, and the hot flue gas generated by the combustion flows back to the carbonization furnace 30 to provide heat for the carbonization process. This energy recycling mode realizes efficient utilization of energy within the system and reduces the input of external energy. The self-sufficient heating mode makes the carbonization process not affected by the supply of external energy, improves the stability and reliability of the system, and guarantees the continuity and stability of the biomass carbonization production. In addition, a stable heating environment helps to improve the quality and yield of biomass carbon.

[0091] In an embodiment, the hot flue gas is introduced into the carbonization furnace 30 and directly contacts the biomass raw material.

[0092] At this time, the hot flue gas discharged from the double-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device is directly introduced into the carbonization furnace 30 through the connecting pipeline, and the flue gas directly contacts the biomass raw material in the carbonization furnace 30, transfers the heat carried by itself to the raw material, and makes the raw material heat up and carbonize.

[0093] The direct-contact heating mode has high heat transfer efficiency and can accelerate the carbonization speed, but the impurities in the hot flue gas may adhere to the biomass raw material, affecting the quality of the biomass carbon. If the oxygen content in the hot flue gas is high, it may also cause an explosion in the furnace.

[0094] In another embodiment, the carbonization furnace 30 is wrapped with a jacket 30a, and the flue gas backflow port 33 is arranged on the jacket 30a. The hot flue gas can enter the jacket 30a through the flue gas backflow port 33 to indirectly heat the carbonization of the biomass raw material. The jacket 30a is also provided with a flue gas discharge port, and the flue gas discharged through the flue gas discharge port still has heat energy and can be used by downstream devices.

[0095] For details, please refer to Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the furnace body of the carbonization furnace 30 extends transversely and is generally cylindrical. A jacket 30a is arranged outside the furnace body, and a relatively independent space is formed between the jacket 30a and the carbonization furnace 30 for accommodating the hot flue gas. The design of the jacket 30a matches the shape of the carbonization furnace 30 to ensure that the hot flue gas can fully surround the carbonization furnace 30 and achieve efficient heat transfer.

[0096] For details, please refer to Figure 1, the flue gas backflow port 33 is arranged on the jacket 30a, and the hot flue gas generated by the double-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device enters the jacket 30a through the pipeline and the flue gas backflow port 33. After the hot flue gas enters the jacket 30a, due to the temperature difference with the outer wall of the carbonization furnace 30, according to the heat conduction principle, heat is transferred from the hot flue gas at high temperature to the carbonization furnace 30 at low temperature, and the carbonization furnace 30 further conducts heat to the biomass raw material inside, so that the biomass raw material is heated to reach the temperature condition required for carbonization.

[0097] With reference to the foregoing Figure 1 , the jacket 30a is further provided with a flue gas discharge port located away from the flue gas backflow port 33; the flue gas discharge port is arranged opposite to the flue gas backflow port 33, so that the hot flue gas can flow through the outer wall of the carbonization furnace 30 comprehensively, and each part of the carbonization furnace 30 is uniformly heated. The hot flue gas has a sufficient flow path in the jacket 30a, and after fully releasing heat, the hot flue gas is discharged from the flue gas discharge port.

[0098] It is easy to understand that the carbonization furnace 30 always maintains a carbonization temperature, so even if the temperature decreases after heat exchange, the flue gas discharged from the flue gas discharge port still has a certain heat energy, which can be transported to downstream equipment (such as a preheater, a drying device, etc.) for cascade utilization.

[0099] In a specific embodiment, the hot flue gas is cooled after backflow and heat exchange with the carbonization furnace 30 to form cold flue gas; the flue gas discharge port is connected to a cold flue gas pipeline, and the cold flue gas can backflow to the secondary combustion chamber 12 through the cold flue gas pipeline and a cold flue gas inlet to assist complete combustion.

[0100] In this embodiment, the carbonization furnace 30 works to generate synthesis gas, the synthesis gas enters the double-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device, the hot flue gas is generated after two-stage combustion, and the hot flue gas backflows and is used as a heat source of the carbonization furnace 30. The flue gas is continuously cooled in the process of heat exchange and flow, and finally the temperature of the flue gas is inevitably lower than the combustion temperature of the double-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device. The flue gas backflowing to the secondary combustion chamber 12 after the carbonization furnace 30 can mix with the secondary air to play a role in regulating the combustion temperature.

[0101] If the temperature of the flue gas after passing through the carbonization furnace 30 is higher than the set value of the cold flue gas temperature, a cooling device can also be arranged downstream of the carbonization furnace 30, which can adopt air cooling, water cooling, etc. and can cool the flue gas entering the cooling device. The cooling device is connected to the flue gas discharge port and the cold flue gas pipeline, and the flue gas cooled again by the cooling device is input into the secondary combustion chamber 12, mixed with the oxygen supplemented by the secondary air fan 23 and the remaining combustible components from the primary combustion chamber 11.

[0102] The carbonization furnace 30 works to produce synthesis gas, and the two-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device works to convert the synthesis gas into hot flue gas, which is returned to the carbonization furnace 30 and can be used as a carbonization heat source, and the hot flue gas is cooled and returned to the secondary combustion chamber 12 and can be mixed into the secondary air to regulate the oxygen content and the combustion temperature. In this way, efficient internal circulation of synthesis gas from generation to conversion to recycling is achieved. This process reduces dependence on external energy, improves energy utilization, reduces energy costs during production, and makes the entire system more sustainable in terms of energy utilization.

[0103] Optionally, the biomass raw material carbonization system provided by the present application further comprises a waste heat boiler 51 or a dryer, which is arranged downstream of the carbonization furnace 30, and the flue gas with heat can enter the waste heat boiler 51 or the dryer to play a role.

[0104] For details, please refer to Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the waste heat boiler 51 is arranged downstream of the carbonization furnace 30, and the waste heat boiler 51 is connected to the flue gas outlet. The flue gas that has passed through the carbonization furnace 30 and has been heat exchanged can enter the waste heat boiler 51, transfer heat to the water in the boiler, and convert the water into steam by heating. The steam can be used for power generation, heating, and other industrial or civilian fields.

[0105] When the waste heat utilization equipment such as the waste heat boiler 51 or the dryer is arranged downstream of the carbonization furnace 30, the flue gas can enter the heating area of the dryer along the pipeline to provide heat for the material to be dried, thereby achieving drying of the material.

[0106] The flue gas that has passed through the waste heat boiler 51 or the dryer and the like downstream waste heat utilization equipment is further cooled and can be returned to the secondary combustion chamber 12.

[0107] Optionally, the biomass raw material carbonization system provided by the present application further comprises a chimney 52 arranged downstream of the carbonization furnace 30 for discharging flue gas.

[0108] It is easy to understand that the flue gas that has passed through the carbonization furnace 30 and has been heat exchanged can be directly discharged through the chimney 52 or can be discharged after waste heat recycling.

[0109] For details, please refer to Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the waste heat boiler 51 is arranged downstream of the carbonization furnace 30, and the chimney 52 is arranged downstream of the waste heat boiler 51. The hot flue gas generated by the two-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device first flows to the carbonization furnace 30 to be used as a heat source of the carbonization furnace 30, is heat exchanged once, then enters the waste heat boiler 51 to be used as a heat source of the waste heat boiler 51, is heat exchanged twice, and then is discharged to the outside through the chimney 52 after the temperature of the flue gas is greatly reduced.

[0110] The chimney 52 utilizes the principle of hot air rising for flue gas emission. Since the flue gas temperature is often higher than the ambient air temperature, the flue gas has a smaller density and will naturally flow upward. At the same time, the height and ventilation structure design of the chimney 52 can enhance this upward suction force, allowing the flue gas to be smoothly discharged from the system, thereby reducing the impact on the surrounding environment. In addition, a reasonable chimney 52 design can also reduce the resistance of the flue gas during emission, ensuring that the flue gas in the system can flow smoothly and maintain normal operation of the system.

[0111] In an embodiment, a cold flue gas pipeline is arranged downstream of the waste heat boiler 51.

[0112] For details, please refer to Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the flue gas emission pipeline downstream of the waste heat boiler 51 branches off to form two flue gas flow channels, the first flue gas flow channel is connected to the chimney 52, and the second flue gas flow channel serves as a cold flue gas pipeline and is connected to the cold flue gas inlet of the secondary combustion chamber 12.

[0113] In this embodiment, the hot flue gas first passes through carbonization heat exchange and boiler heat exchange, and its temperature drops significantly, so it can be used as cold flue gas. According to the combustion conditions of the double-section combustion synthesis gas treatment device, it is determined whether to mix in cold flue gas and the delivery amount of cold flue gas (an opening valve and a flow meter are arranged on the cold flue gas pipeline). Excess cold flue gas is discharged through the chimney 52.

[0114] Optionally, the biomass raw material carbonization system provided in the present application further comprises: a discharge auger 41 configured to receive the biomass char output through the biomass char discharge outlet 32; a carbon collection cylinder 42 configured to receive the biomass char conveyed through the discharge auger 41; and a cooling mechanism acting on the discharge auger 41 and configured to cool the biomass char therein, wherein the cooling mechanism comprises: a water-cooled jacket 43 wrapped around the discharge auger 41; and a cooling tower 44 configured to supply cooling water to the water-cooled jacket 43; during operation, the cooling tower 44 outputs cooling water, the cooling water enters the water-cooled jacket 43 to cool the biomass char in the discharge auger 41, and the heated water after heat exchange flows back to the cooling tower 44 to be cooled by the cooling tower 44, so as to recycle the cooling water.

[0115] For details, please refer to Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, two groups of discharge augers 41 are arranged downstream of the biomass char discharge outlet 32 of the carbonization furnace 30, the first group of discharge augers is connected to the biomass char discharge outlet 32, the first group of discharge augers extends horizontally in the left-right direction, the second group of discharge augers is arranged downstream of the first group of discharge augers, the inlet of the second group of discharge augers is connected to the outlet of the first group of discharge augers, the outlet of the second group of discharge augers is connected to the carbon collection cylinder 42, and the second group of discharge augers extends obliquely upward from left to right.

[0116] The first group of discharge augers first receives the biomass char discharged from the carbonization furnace 30. The horizontally extending form allows the biomass char to be preliminarily transported, dispersed, or simply mixed in a relatively gentle state, preparing for subsequent processes. Subsequently, the biomass char enters the second group of discharge augers extending upward at an inclination, which is upwardly transported to facilitate further lifting, screening, or reverse contact reaction with other media (such as gas, etc.) to achieve the processing goal of biomass char at different stages.

[0117] In actual plant equipment, the carbonization furnace 30 is often arranged on the ground, so that the first group of discharge augers extends horizontally, facilitating the docking with the carbonization furnace 30 with a low drop. The carbon collection cylinder 42 often has a large volume, so the height is not low, so that the second group of discharge augers extends upward at an inclination, which can lift the biomass char to meet the feeding requirements of the inlet height position of the rear-end carbon collection cylinder 42, realizing the material connection of the entire system.

[0118] The two groups of discharge augers 41 are arranged, and the positions, rotation speeds, and other parameters of the two groups of discharge augers 41 are reasonably designed to facilitate more uniform discharge of biomass char, which can avoid problems such as uneven accumulation of material near the discharge port or blockage caused by poor local discharge, and ensure the stability and continuity of discharge. If necessary, the two groups of discharge augers 41 can adopt different spiral directions or rotation speeds to produce a specific flow pattern in the conveying process, which is helpful to further promote the full contact of the material with the cooling medium or other processing media. Especially in the biomass char cooling process, the biomass char forms a rolling or stirring effect between the two groups of discharge augers 41, which can increase the contact area of the biomass char with the coolant and improve the cooling efficiency.

[0119] It needs to be explained that the biomass char discharged from the carbonization furnace 30 is at a high temperature close to the carbonization temperature, which is not conducive to transportation and collection. Therefore, the biomass raw material carbonization system provided by the present application further comprises a cooling mechanism for cooling the biomass char discharged from the carbonization furnace 30.

[0120] Specifically, refer to Figure 1The outer wall of each of the two groups of discharge augers 41 is provided with a water cooling jacket 43, which tightly wraps the discharge auger 41 and forms a relatively closed cooling space between the water cooling jacket 43 and the discharge auger 41. A cooling tower 44 is connected to the water cooling jacket 43 through a pipeline, and the cooling tower 44 can input cooling water into the cooling space. The cooling water can reduce the temperature of the biomass charcoal in the discharge auger 41 through heat exchange. It is easy to understand that the two groups of discharge augers 41 can also prolong the transmission path of the biomass charcoal, thereby prolonging the time of heat exchange between the biomass charcoal and the cooling water and promoting the cooling of the biomass charcoal. After heat exchange, the cooling water becomes hot, and the hot liquid can enter the cooling tower 44 along the return pipeline to be cooled by the cooling tower 44. In this way, the cooling water can be recycled.

[0121] Specifically, the high-temperature biomass charcoal is discharged from the biomass charcoal discharge port 32 and falls into the first group of discharge augers. The two groups of discharge augers 41 push the biomass charcoal forward through the rotation of the screw shaft. At the same time, the cooling tower 44 delivers low-temperature or room-temperature cooling water into the water cooling jacket 43. The cooling water flows in the water cooling jacket 43 and exchanges heat with the high-temperature biomass charcoal in the discharge auger 41 to absorb heat and reduce the temperature of the biomass charcoal. The hot water after absorbing heat returns to the cooling tower 44, which uses air or other cooling media to cool the hot water to a lower temperature. Then, the cooling water can be delivered to the water cooling jacket 43 for use again. In this way, a cooling water circulation system is formed to continuously cool the biomass charcoal in the discharge auger 41 by the cooling mechanism.

[0122] The cooled biomass charcoal has an appropriate temperature, which reduces the risk of fire caused by high temperature during storage and transportation, ensuring the safety of the production process. Proper cooling can also prevent the biomass charcoal from secondary reaction or deterioration due to high temperature, ensuring the quality and performance of the biomass charcoal and improving the market competitiveness of the product. At the same time, the recycling of cooling water reduces the consumption of water resources and reduces production costs.

[0123] The above embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description is more specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which are within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A two-stage combustion syngas treatment apparatus, characterized by, The application relates to a double-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device, which comprises the following parts: a first combustion chamber (11) which is provided with a burner (21) and a primary air blower (22) and in which synthesis gas can be subjected to under-oxygen combustion; a second combustion chamber (12) which is connected with the first combustion chamber (11) and is provided with a secondary air blower (23) and in which the remaining combustible components in the synthesis gas subjected to under-oxygen combustion can be subjected to complete combustion; wherein the combustion temperature in the first combustion chamber (11) and the second combustion chamber (12) is maintained at 1000+ / -50 DEG C; the second combustion chamber (12) is provided with a cold flue gas inlet, cold flue gas is mixed into the second combustion chamber (12) through the cold flue gas inlet, the combustion temperature can be adjusted while oxygen is supplemented, so that the complete combustion of the combustible components is promoted; the first combustion chamber (11) and the second combustion chamber (12) adopt an adiabatic hearth; the adiabatic hearth comprises an outer shell, an inner lining and a sandwich layer, the sandwich layer is arranged between the outer shell and the inner lining, and is made of heat preservation material, so that heat loss is reduced and combustion efficiency is improved; the first combustion chamber (11) and / or the second combustion chamber (12) are provided with a temperature sensor; the oxygen supply amount is controlled by the temperature sensor in cooperation with the primary air blower (22), so that the combustion temperature can be effectively controlled; the cold flue gas inlet is connected with a cold flue gas pipeline, and the cold flue gas pipeline is provided with a proportional adjusting valve; the oxygen supply amount and / or the intake amount of the cold flue gas is controlled by the temperature sensor in cooperation with the secondary air blower (23) and the proportional adjusting valve, so that the combustion temperature can be effectively controlled; the second combustion chamber (12) is further provided with a cold gas inlet, and the cold gas inlet is adjacent to the outlet of the second combustion chamber (12); normal temperature or low temperature gas enters the second combustion chamber (12) through the cold gas inlet, so that the hot flue gas to be discharged from the second combustion chamber (12) is cooled, and the hot flue gas is conveniently utilized downstream; the first combustion chamber (11) and the second combustion chamber (12) are both provided with an oxygen concentration sensor, the oxygen concentration sensor is used for confirming whether the oxygen concentration in the first combustion chamber (11) and the second combustion chamber (12) meets the corresponding combustion requirement, and / or the outlet of the second combustion chamber (12) is provided with a nitrogen oxide detector, the nitrogen oxide detector is used for confirming the cleaning effect of low-nitrogen combustion.

2. A biomass feedstock carbonization system, characterized by, The double-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device in claim 1 further comprises a carbonization furnace (30) which is used for carbonizing biomass raw materials; the carbonization furnace (30) is provided with a synthesis gas discharge outlet (31) and a biomass carbon discharge outlet (32); the synthesis gas discharge outlet (31) is connected with the first combustion chamber (11), and the synthesis gas generated by carbonization can enter the double-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device, is subjected to under-oxygen combustion and complete combustion in sequence, and finally forms hot flue gas. The carbonization furnace (30) is further provided with a flue gas backflow port (33), and hot flue gas can heat the carbonization furnace (30) through the flue gas backflow port (33).

3. A biomass feedstock carbonization system according to claim 2, wherein The carbonization furnace (30) is wrapped with a jacket (30a), and the flue gas backflow port (33) is arranged on the jacket (30a), so that hot flue gas can enter the jacket (30a) through the flue gas backflow port (33) to indirectly heat the carbonization of the biomass raw material. The jacket (30a) is further provided with a flue gas discharge port, and the flue gas discharged through the flue gas discharge port still has heat energy and can be used downstream.

4. The biomass feedstock carbonization system of claim 2, wherein After the flue gas is cooled, it can be returned to the secondary combustion chamber (12) through the cold flue gas inlet to assist complete combustion.

5. The biomass feedstock carbonization system of claim 2, wherein, Further comprising: a waste heat boiler (51) or a dryer arranged downstream of the carbonization furnace (30), and the flue gas with heat energy can enter the waste heat boiler (51) or the dryer to play a role; and / or, a chimney (52) arranged downstream of the carbonization furnace (30) for discharging flue gas.

6. The biomass feedstock carbonization system of claim 2, wherein, Further comprising: a discharge auger (41) for receiving the biomass charcoal output through the biomass charcoal discharge port (32); a charcoal collecting cylinder (42) for receiving the biomass charcoal conveyed through the discharge auger (41); a cooling mechanism acting on the discharge auger (41) for cooling the biomass charcoal therein, and the cooling mechanism comprises: a water-cooled jacket (43) wrapped outside the discharge auger (41); a cooling tower (44) for supplying cooling water to the water-cooled jacket (43); During operation, the cooling tower (44) outputs cooling water, the cooling water enters the water-cooled jacket (43) for cooling the biomass charcoal in the discharge auger (41), and the heated water after heat exchange is returned to the cooling tower (44) and is cooled by the cooling tower (44) so as to recycle the cooling water.

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