Template system for lining of tunnel with extra-small section

Abstract

The invention discloses a formwork system for extra-small section tunnel lining, and relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, the formwork system comprises a top plate mechanism, a side plate mechanism, a supporting mechanism and a walking mechanism; the top plate mechanism comprises an arc-shaped top plate panel assembly. The side plate mechanism comprises two side plate panel assemblies which are rotationally connected with the two side edges of the top plate panel assembly correspondingly. The supporting mechanism comprises a top plate supporting assembly, inclined struts and a transverse strut, the top plate supporting assembly is fixedly connected with the top plate mechanism, the two inclined struts are rotatably connected between the top plate supporting assembly and the two side plate and panel assemblies, and the transverse strut is telescopically connected between the two side plate and panel assemblies; the walking mechanism is detachably connected to the bottom of the side plate mechanism. The formwork system can be directly installed in the tunnel by unfolding the formwork system, the operation time of constructors in the narrow space of the extra-small section tunnel is effectively shortened, the construction period is effectively shortened while the construction safety is improved, and the construction efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a formwork system for lining a super-small cross-section tunnel. Background Art

[0002] The construction of super-small cross-section tunnels is relatively common in water conservancy and hydropower projects and transportation projects. It is characterized by small cross-sectional dimensions and narrow construction space, so higher requirements are imposed on construction equipment and construction techniques. In the construction of super-small cross-section tunnels, a formwork system needs to be used for lining construction. However, due to the limitation of the construction space, traditional formwork systems have problems such as difficult formwork installation and removal, low construction efficiency, and difficulty in rapid adjustment in the construction of super-small cross-section tunnels. Moreover, since traditional formwork systems need to be processed in factories or workshops, on-site installation and removal are time-consuming and laborious.

[0003] In order to solve the above problems existing in traditional formwork systems, various new formwork technologies have emerged in recent years, such as non-dismantling assembled formwork, precast block assembled lining, combined steel formwork and formwork trolley; for example, the Chinese patent application with publication number CN117868903A discloses a rapid concrete lining device and construction method for a small cross-section tunnel. Its technical solution includes a support frame, a support mechanism and a formwork. The formwork includes a top formwork and an end formwork. The support mechanism is located between the support frame and the top formwork, and the support mechanism is used to drive the top formwork to move towards or away from the top of the tunnel. The top formwork includes two layers of elastic plates and a support plate located between the two layers of elastic plates. The support plate includes multiple mounting plates. The length direction of the mounting plate is parallel to the length direction of the tunnel. Adjacent mounting plates are hinged to each other, and the hinge axis of the mounting plate is parallel to the length direction of the tunnel. The elastic plate and the mounting plate are slidably connected. The support plate further includes a fixing member, and the fixing member is used to fix the support plate after the support plate abuts against the top of the tunnel. The elastic plate close to the support mechanism is slidably arranged on the support mechanism, and the sliding direction of the elastic plate is parallel to the tunnel face. The technical solution of this application can improve the efficiency of concrete lining in the construction of small cross-section tunnels. However, in its technical solution, a support frame needs to be used in cooperation with multiple hydraulic cylinders to support the formwork, and during construction, a driving member needs to be used to drive a push rod to rotate the ratchet pawl and cooperate with the ratchet to realize the adjustment of the mounting plate. The support structure and the adjustment structure are both relatively complex, and the overall construction cost is relatively high. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a formwork system for lining a super-small cross-section tunnel with a relatively simple structure and convenient construction.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: A formwork system for lining a super-small cross-section tunnel includes a roof mechanism, a side plate mechanism, a support mechanism, and a traveling mechanism; the roof mechanism includes an arc-shaped roof panel assembly, and the side plate mechanism includes two groups of side plate panel assemblies respectively rotatably connected to both sides of the roof panel assembly; the support mechanism includes a roof support assembly, inclined braces, and cross braces, the roof support assembly is fixedly connected to the roof mechanism, two inclined braces are rotatably connected between the roof support assembly and the two groups of side plate panel assemblies, and the cross brace is telescopically connected between the two groups of side plate panel assemblies; the traveling mechanism is detachably connected to the bottom of the side plate mechanism.

[0006] As an improvement of the above solution: The roof panel assembly of the roof mechanism is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped roof panels connected in sequence, and the roof mechanism further includes at least two roof stiffeners fixedly connected to the plurality of roof panels, and the at least two roof stiffeners are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the roof panel.

[0007] As an improvement of the above solution: The side plate panel assembly of the side plate mechanism is composed of a plurality of side plates connected in sequence in the vertical direction, and the side plate mechanism further includes at least two side plate stiffeners fixedly connected to the plurality of side plates, and the at least two side plate stiffeners are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the side plate. The side plate at the top of the side plate panel assembly and the upper ends of the side plate stiffeners are both bent into an arc shape, and the upper ends of the side plate stiffeners are rotatably connected to the roof panel assembly.

[0008] As an improvement of the above solution: The support assembly in the support mechanism includes at least two connecting cross bars and at least two support longitudinal bars; both ends of the connecting cross bar are fixedly connected to both sides of the roof panel assembly, and the at least two connecting cross bars are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the roof panel assembly; both ends of the support longitudinal bar are fixedly connected to the roof panel assembly and the connecting cross bar respectively, and the at least two support longitudinal bars are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the connecting cross bar.

[0009] As an improvement of the above solution: The cross brace in the support mechanism includes a connecting pipe, a lead screw, and an ear plate. The connecting pipe is provided with internal threads and both ends of the connecting pipe are respectively threadedly connected to the two lead screws. The ends of the two lead screws not connected to the connecting pipe are respectively rotatably connected to the two groups of side plate panel assemblies through the ear plates.

[0010] As an improvement of the above solution: The traveling mechanism includes a mounting seat, traveling wheels, a track, and support pads; the mounting seat is fixedly connected to the bottom of the side plate mechanism, the traveling wheels are rotatably arranged on the mounting seat and are in rolling cooperation with the track; the bottom of the support pad is a ground support portion adapted to the tunnel ground, the top of the support pad is a side plate support portion adapted to the bottom of the side plate mechanism, and an attachment portion detachably connected to the mounting seat is also fixedly provided on the support pad.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention improves the formwork system used for lining in the construction of ultra-small section tunnels, and realizes the folding and unfolding of the entire formwork system through the rotatable cooperation between the top plate mechanism and the side plate mechanism and the rotatable diagonal brace and the retractable horizontal brace in the support mechanism. When the tunnel is constructed, the entire formwork system can be assembled on site and then transported to the tunnel as a whole through the walking mechanism. The installation of the formwork system in the tunnel can be directly completed by unfolding the formwork system, and there is no need to install and dismantle the various components of the formwork system in the tunnel, thereby effectively reducing the working time of construction personnel in the narrow space of the ultra-small section tunnel, optimizing the construction environment of construction personnel, reducing the labor input of construction personnel, and reducing labor costs. While improving construction safety, it effectively shortens the construction period and improves construction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention during the installation process;

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention after installation is completed;

[0014] Figure 3 It is a bottom view of the structure of the top plate mechanism in the present invention;

[0015] Figure 4 It is a structural front view of the top plate structure in the present invention;

[0016] Figure 5 It is a structural side view of the side plate mechanism in the present invention;

[0017] Figure 6 It is a structural front view of the side panel mechanism in the present invention;

[0018] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cross brace in the present invention.

[0019] Marked in the figure: 100-top plate mechanism, 110-top plate panel assembly, 111-top plate panel, 120-top plate reinforcement, 200-side plate mechanism, 210-side plate panel assembly, 211-side plate panel, 220-side plate reinforcement, 300-support mechanism, 310-top plate support assembly, 311-connecting transverse ribs, 312-supporting longitudinal ribs, 320-oblique braces, 330-transverse braces, 331-connecting pipes, 332-screw rods, 333-ear plates, 400-travel mechanism, 410-mounting seat, 420-travel wheels, 430-tracks, 440-support pads, 500-tunnels. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "inner", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0022] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the formwork system for lining a super-small cross-section tunnel disclosed in the present invention is composed of a top plate mechanism 100, a side plate mechanism 200, a support mechanism 300, and a traveling mechanism 400; the top plate mechanism 100 serves as the formwork for the lining construction at the top of the tunnel 500, the side plate mechanism 200 serves as the formwork for the lining construction on both sides of the tunnel 500, the support mechanism 300 is used to support and connect the top plate mechanism 100 and the side plate mechanism 200, and the overall formwork system can be unfolded and folded through the support mechanism 300, and the traveling mechanism 400 is used to move the formwork system so as to integrally send the formwork system into the tunnel 500. In the present invention, the top plate mechanism 100 and the side plate mechanism 200 are connected in a hinged manner so that a rotatable fit is formed between the top plate mechanism 100 and the side plate mechanism 200, and the top plate mechanism 100 and the side plate mechanism 200 are supported by the support mechanism 300. The connection between the top plate mechanism 100 and the side plate mechanism 200 can be adjusted by the rotatable diagonal brace 320 and the telescopic cross brace 330 in the support mechanism 200. When the top plate mechanism 100 and the side plate mechanism 200 rotate relative to each other, the entire formwork system can be unfolded or folded, thereby enabling the integral installation and disassembly of the formwork system in the tunnel 500.

[0023] Specifically, as Figures 1 to 4 shown, the main structure of the top plate mechanism 100 adopted in the present invention is a top plate panel assembly 110, and the top plate panel assembly 110 is an arc-shaped panel structure as a whole; the top plate panel assembly 110 can adopt an integral structure or a combined structure composed of multiple top plates 111; when multiple top plates 111 are used to assemble the top plate panel assembly 110, each top plate 111 is an arc-shaped plate, and multiple top plates 111 are connected in sequence to form an arc-shaped panel structure as the top plate panel assembly 110. In addition, in order to improve the strength of the entire top plate mechanism 100, the present invention also provides a top plate stiffener 120 to strengthen the top plate panel assembly 110, as Figure 4As shown in the figure, the top plate reinforcing rib 120 is fixed on the inner side of the top plate panel assembly 110 and extends along the connection direction of the plurality of top plate panels 111, that is, the width direction of each top plate panel 111, so as to connect the plurality of top plate panels 111 in series. The top plate reinforcing rib 120 should adopt an arc structure so that the top plate reinforcing rib 120 can be closely attached to the top plate panel assembly 110; the number of the top plate reinforcing ribs 120 can be set according to actual construction requirements. In order to ensure the balance of force, at least two top plate reinforcing ribs 120 should be adopted, and when installing, at least two top plate reinforcing ribs 120 should be arranged at intervals along the length direction of the top plate panel 111.

[0024] Specifically, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, the main structure of the side plate mechanism 200 adopted in the present invention is the side plate panel assembly 210. The number of the side plate panel assemblies 210 is two groups. The two groups of side plate panel assemblies 210 are respectively rotatably connected to the two side edges of the top plate panel assembly 110. In actual implementation, a hinge structure can be adopted to realize the connection between the side plate panel assembly 210 and the top plate panel assembly 110. The side plate panel assembly 210 can adopt an integral structure or a combined structure composed of a plurality of side plates 211; when assembling the side plate panel assembly 210 with a plurality of side plates 211, the plurality of side plates 211 are connected in sequence in the vertical direction to form the side plate panel assembly 210, and the upper end of the side plate 211 located at the topmost is bent into an arc shape. This side plate 211 with an arc bending section is used as the connecting part between the side plate panel assembly 210 and the top plate panel assembly 110. By bending the upper end of this side plate 211, an arc transition at the connection section between the side plate panel assembly 210 and the top plate panel assembly 110 is realized. In addition, in order to improve the strength of the entire side plate mechanism 200, side plate reinforcing ribs 220 are also provided in the present invention to strengthen the side plate panel assembly 210. As Figure 6 shown, the side plate reinforcing rib 220 is fixed on the inner side of the side plate panel assembly 210 and extends along the connection direction of the side plates 211, that is, the width direction of each side plate 211, so as to connect the plurality of side plates 211 in series; the upper end of the side plate reinforcing rib 220 is bent in the same way as the side plate 211 at the topmost to form an arc section, so that the side plate reinforcing rib 220 can be closely attached to the side plate panel assembly 210, and the upper end of the side plate reinforcing rib 220 serves as the connecting part of the rotational cooperation between the side plate mechanism 200 and the top plate mechanism 100. The side plate reinforcing rib 220 and the top plate reinforcing rib 120 are hinged; the number of the side plate reinforcing ribs 220 can be set according to actual construction requirements. In order to ensure the balance of force, at least two side plate reinforcing ribs 220 should be adopted, and when installing, at least two side plate reinforcing ribs 220 should be arranged at intervals along the length direction of the side plates 211.

[0025] Specifically, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the support mechanism 300 adopted in the present invention is composed of a top plate support assembly 310, inclined braces 320 and cross braces 330; the top plate support assembly 310 is used to directly support the top plate mechanism 100, the inclined braces 320 are used to connect the top plate support assembly 310 and two groups of side plate panel assemblies 210, and the cross braces 330 are used to connect the two groups of side plate panel assemblies 210. The two inclined braces 320 are rotatably connected between the top plate support assembly 310 and the two groups of side plate panel assemblies 210, and the cross braces 330 are telescopically connected between the two groups of side plate panel assemblies 210; when relative rotation occurs between the top plate mechanism 100 and the side plate mechanism 200, the inclined braces 320 can be adapted and adjusted through the rotatable connections at both ends of themselves with the top plate support assembly 310 and the side plate panel assemblies 210, and the cross braces 330 can be adapted and adjusted through the telescopic adjustment of their own lengths. As Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, the top plate support assembly 310 includes connecting cross ribs 311 and supporting longitudinal ribs 312. The numbers of the connecting cross ribs 311 and the supporting longitudinal ribs 312 are both at least two. At least two connecting cross ribs 311 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the top plate panel assembly 110, at least two supporting longitudinal ribs 312 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the connecting cross ribs 311, and both ends of the supporting longitudinal ribs 312 are fixedly connected to the top plate panel assembly 110 and the connecting cross ribs 311 respectively, so that the connecting cross ribs 311 and the supporting longitudinal ribs 312 are arranged in a staggered manner. The present invention forms a high-strength and reasonable support system by arranging the support mechanism 300, which can better bear the pressure during concrete pouring and ensure the forming quality of the lining structure.

[0026] Specifically, as Figure 7 shown, the cross brace 330 in the support mechanism 300 is composed of a connecting pipe 311, two lead screws 332 and two ear plates 333. The connecting pipe 311 is provided with internal threads. One ends of the two lead screws 332 are respectively threadedly connected to both ends of the connecting pipe 311, and the other ends of the two lead screws 332 are respectively fixedly connected to the two ear plates 333. The two ear plates 333 are then rotatably connected to the two groups of side plate panel assemblies 210 through rotating shafts respectively. The overall length of the entire cross brace 330 can be adjusted through the threaded connection between the lead screws 332 and the connecting pipe 311. Since the cross brace 330 is connected between the two groups of side plate panel assemblies 210, when relative rotation occurs between the side plate mechanism 200 and the top plate mechanism 100, the cross brace 330 can correspondingly adjust its own length, so as to support the side plate mechanism 200 whether the entire formwork system is in the unfolded state or the folded state.

[0027] Specifically, as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, the traveling mechanism 400 adopted in the present invention is composed of a mounting base 410, traveling wheels 420, a track 430, and support pads 440; the mounting base 410 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the side plate mechanism 200, the traveling wheels 420 are rotatably arranged on the mounting base 410, the track 430 is fixed on the ground of the tunnel 500, the traveling wheels 420 are in rolling cooperation with the track 430, and the entire formwork system is moved by the rolling of the traveling wheels 420 on the track 430, so as to facilitate the movement of the formwork system into the tunnel 500. The support pads 440 are fixed in the tunnel 500, and one support pad 440 is fixedly arranged on each side of the bottom of the tunnel 500. The bottom of the support pad 440 is a ground support part that matches the ground of the tunnel 500, the top of the support pad 440 is a side plate support part that matches the bottom of the side plate mechanism 200, and an attachment connection part that detachably connects with the mounting base 410 is also fixedly arranged on the support pad 440; after the formwork system is sent into the tunnel 500 through the traveling mechanism 400, the side plate mechanism 200 can be supported by the support pads 440 to lift the entire formwork system, and the traveling wheels 420 can be connected to the support pads 440 after being lifted to avoid contacting the ground.

[0028] When using the above formwork system for lining construction of a super-small cross-section tunnel described in the present invention, first assemble the entire formwork system outside the tunnel 500, then move the formwork system into the tunnel 500 through the traveling mechanism 400, fix the formwork system and then carry out lining construction. After the lining operation is completed, move the formwork system outside the tunnel 500 through the traveling mechanism 400 for disassembly and loading, and transport it to the next tunnel 500 for repeated use.

[0029] Specifically, the above construction process is carried out according to the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: Place the channel steel

[0031] Place the Q235 channel steel stably on both sides of the tunnel center line at a distance of 426 mm as the track, and use short reinforcing bars to weld at intervals to limit the displacement of the channel steel.

[0032] Step 2: Install the traveling wheels

[0033] Install the traveling wheels on the rib beams of the side plate mechanism through pins. Install two traveling wheels at the front and rear of each 2 m formwork system. After checking and ensuring it is correct, tighten the connection bolts of the traveling wheels with a wrench; place a reinforced concrete pad on each side of the tunnel as a support pad, and support the side plate mechanism through the reinforced concrete pad to prevent it from deforming due to uneven longitudinal stress.

[0034] Step 3: Install the side plate mechanism

[0035] First, assemble the side panel assembly, and then connect the cross brace between two sets of side panel assemblies through pin shafts and bolts. Adjust the cross brace to keep the two sets of side panel assemblies stable.

[0036] Step 4. Install the top plate mechanism

[0037] Hinge-connect the tops of two sets of side plate mechanisms with both side edges of the top plate mechanism through pin shafts, and connect other components of the support mechanism with the top plate mechanism and the side plate mechanism. After the two side plate mechanisms are placed in position, tighten the bolts to fix the top plate mechanism and the side plate mechanism. Then use a truck crane to lift the entire formwork system so that the walking wheels fall smoothly into the track.

[0038] Step 5. Inspection and adjustment

[0039] After the formwork system is installed and fixed in the tunnel, after self-inspection by the project department is qualified and reported to the supervision unit for acceptance and passing, reconfirm whether the bolts at each connection part are tightened, whether the joints are tight, and whether the supports are firm. Only after all are correct can the next process be carried out.

[0040] Step 6. Demolish the formwork

[0041] After the lining construction is completed, follow the principle of "install first and demolish later, install later and demolish first", and gradually demolish the formwork system according to the reverse process of the installation process.

Claims

1. Formwork system for ultra-small section tunnel lining, characterized by: The invention comprises a top plate mechanism (100), a side plate mechanism (200), a support mechanism (300) and a walking mechanism (400); the top plate mechanism (100) comprises an arc-shaped top plate panel assembly (110), and the side plate mechanism (200) comprises two groups of side plate panel assemblies (210) which are rotatably connected to the two side edges of the top plate panel assembly (110); the support mechanism (300) comprises a top plate support assembly (310), an oblique brace (320) and a transverse brace (330); the top plate support assembly (310) is fixedly connected to the top plate mechanism (100), the two oblique braces (320) are rotatably connected between the top plate support assembly (310) and the two groups of side plate panel assemblies (210), and the transverse brace (330) is telescopically connected between the two groups of side plate panel assemblies (210); and the walking mechanism (400) is detachably connected to the bottom of the side plate mechanism (200).

2. The formwork system for ultra-small section tunnel lining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roof panel assembly (110) of the roof mechanism (100) is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped roof panels (111) connected in sequence, and the roof mechanism (100) further comprises at least two roof reinforcement ribs (120) fixedly connected to the plurality of roof panels (111), and the at least two roof reinforcement ribs (120) are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the roof panels (111).

3. The formwork system for ultra-small section tunnel lining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side panel assembly (210) of the side panel mechanism (200) is composed of a plurality of side panel panels (211) connected in sequence in a vertical direction. The side panel mechanism (200) further comprises at least two side panel reinforcing ribs (220) fixedly connected to the plurality of side panel panels (211). The at least two side panel reinforcing ribs (220) are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the side panel panels (211). The side panel panels (211) at the top end of the side panel assembly (210) and the upper ends of the side panel reinforcing ribs (220) are bent into an arc shape. The upper ends of the side panel reinforcing ribs (220) are rotatably connected to the top panel assembly (110).

4. The formwork system for ultra-small section tunnel lining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top plate support assembly (310) in the support mechanism (300) comprises at least two connecting transverse ribs (311) and at least two supporting longitudinal ribs (312); the two ends of the connecting transverse ribs (311) are respectively fixedly connected to the two side edges of the top plate panel assembly (110), and the at least two connecting transverse ribs (311) are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the top plate panel assembly (110); the two ends of the supporting longitudinal ribs (312) are respectively fixedly connected to the top plate panel assembly (110) and the connecting transverse ribs (311), and the at least two supporting longitudinal ribs (312) are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the connecting transverse ribs (311).

5. The formwork system for ultra-small section tunnel lining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross brace (330) in the support mechanism (300) comprises a connecting tube (331), a screw rod (332) and an ear plate (333); an internal thread is provided in the connecting tube (331) and both ends of the connecting tube (331) are respectively threadedly connected to two screw rods (332); the ends of the two screw rods (332) not connected to the connecting tube (331) are rotatably connected to the two sets of side panel assemblies (210) through the ear plates (333).

6. The formwork system for ultra-small section tunnel lining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The walking mechanism (400) comprises a mounting seat (410), a walking wheel (420), a track (430) and a support pad (440); the mounting seat (410) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the side plate mechanism (200), and the walking wheel (420) is rotatably arranged on the mounting seat (410) and rollingly cooperates with the track (430); the bottom of the support pad (440) is a ground support portion that cooperates with the tunnel ground, and the top of the support pad (440) is a side plate support portion that cooperates with the bottom of the side plate mechanism (200); and a mounting seat connecting portion that is detachably connected to the mounting seat (410) is also fixedly arranged on the support pad (440).

Images