Coal crushing device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a coal block crushing device; the present invention relates to the field of coal mine processing technology; it includes a crushing mechanism, which consists of two main parts: a first crushing group and a second crushing group. The first crushing group is formed by a circular array of several retractable crushing assemblies with extendable and retractable jaws. These jaws can squeeze and crush coal blocks like a jaw crusher under hydraulic or mechanical drive. The second crushing group is composed of a circular array of hammer assemblies with extendable or retractable hammers. When these hammers rotate or reciprocate at high speed; the present invention realizes efficient movement and uniform force of coal blocks during the crushing process through the synergistic effect of the rotating module and the retractable crushing assembly. The rotating table drives the jaws to rotate, and the jaws can be telescoped and adjusted as needed. This multi-dimensional movement mode causes the coal blocks to be subjected to more uniform and continuous force, thereby improving the crushing efficiency and uniformity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine processing, in particular to a technology for uniformly crushing coal blocks, and in particular to a coal block crushing device. Background Art

[0002] As an important energy source and industrial raw material, the particle size of coal directly affects its use effect and value. Different users and process flows have different requirements for coal particle size. For example, power generation, industrial fuel, domestic heating and other fields require coal with moderate particle size. Coal lumps are mainly crushed by mechanical methods. According to the particle size of the crushed products, the crushing operation can be divided into coarse crushing (crushing the material to more than 50mm), medium crushing (crushing to 256mm), fine crushing (crushing to 61mm), and pulverizing (below 1mm). Commonly used coal lumps crushing equipment includes jaw crushers and four-roll crushers. Their principles are to squeeze, split and crush the material, such as:

[0003] (1) Chinese invention patent CN118904484A discloses a crushing and processing device for coal block processing (publication date 2024-11-08). When processing coal blocks, the coal blocks that need to be crushed are subjected to preliminary crushing processing, and the fine coal particles in the preliminary crushing process can be collected by falling through the filter screen; the larger coal blocks that fall through the discharge port installed in the device can be crushed for a second time by the installed crushing teeth and auxiliary rods. Although this double crushing mode can finely crush the coal blocks entering from the feed frame, during the crushing process, the pressure direction and angle of the crushing components relative to the coal blocks are static. The uneven pressure distribution leads to uneven crushing of the coal blocks, and some parts are more easily crushed, while other parts are relatively difficult.

[0004] (2) Chinese invention patent CN118384978A discloses a coal crusher for coal mining (publication date 2024-07-26). During crushing, the coal blocks at the edge can be pushed to the center for further crushing, thereby increasing the number of crushing times and improving the efficiency and quality of crushing. Although this technical solution is based on the position adjustment of the coal block itself, and realizes the dynamic adjustment of the pressure direction and angle of the coal block relative to the crushing component, it cannot make the coal block be subjected to more uniform and continuous force during the crushing process, resulting in local overload or stress concentration of the coal block during the crushing process, thereby limiting the uniformity of crushing.

[0005] To this end, the present invention proposes a coal crushing device. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a coal crushing device to solve or alleviate the technical problems existing in the prior art, namely, how to dynamically adjust the pressure direction and angle during the crushing process, and on this basis continuously change the position of the coal, and apply a more uniform and continuous force during the crushing process to avoid local overload or stress concentration of the coal during the crushing process. The technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0007] The coal crushing device, including a crushing mechanism, consists of two main parts: a first crushing group and a second crushing group. The first crushing group is formed by a circular array of retractable crushing assemblies with extendable and retractable jaws. These jaws, driven hydraulically or mechanically, can crush the coal lumps like a jaw crusher. The second crushing group is composed of a circular array of hammer assemblies with extendable and retractable hammers. These hammers, when rotating or reciprocating at high speeds, impact and crush the coal lumps like a hammer crusher. A screening mechanism is connected to the crushing mechanism to receive the crushed coal lumps. The screening mechanism uses vibration to screen the coal lumps based on size, ensuring that coal lumps of different particle sizes can be effectively separated.

[0008] In one embodiment, the core component of the crushing mechanism is the first cylinder, which has a feed port on the top for receiving the coal blocks to be crushed. A material guide port is provided at the bottom, which is connected to the screening mechanism. The first cylinder houses a contraction crushing assembly and a hammer assembly, both of which are arranged in a circular array to ensure all-round and uniform crushing of the coal blocks. A filter plate is provided above the feed port of the first cylinder. This filter plate has a specific aperture that can support coal blocks that have not been crushed small enough, while allowing coal particles that meet the aperture size to pass through. When the coal blocks are crushed to a size less than or equal to the aperture of the filter plate by the contraction crushing assembly and the hammer assembly, these coal particles will fall through the filter plate into the screening mechanism below under the action of gravity.

[0009] In one embodiment, a single expansion and contraction crushing assembly is composed of a first plate body, a second plate body, a jaw plate, a second hydraulic cylinder, a slider, a first hinge arm, and a second hinge arm. The first plate body serves as a fixed support, one end of which is hinged to the second plate body, and the other end of the second plate body is hinged to the jaw plate. The non-planar portion of the jaw plate is in the shape of an array of teeth, which is used to face and crush coal blocks. The second hydraulic cylinder is installed on the outside of the first plate body, and its piston rod is connected to the slider. The slider is in sliding cooperation with the first plate body and can move along the first plate body under the action of the hydraulic cylinder. The slider is hinged to one end of the first hinge arm, and the other end of the first hinge arm is hinged to one end of the second hinge arm. The other end of the second hinge arm is hinged to the flat portion of the jaw plate. When in use, the second hydraulic cylinder extends or retracts, pushing or pulling the slider to move. The movement of the slider is transmitted through the first hinge arm and the second hinge arm, and converted into the extension or retraction action of the jaw plate.

[0010] In one embodiment, the inner wall of the first cylinder is designed as a gradient portion that gradually shrinks from top to bottom. This design allows the coal blocks to be subjected to a gradually increasing extrusion effect during the crushing process. At the same time, crushing teeth are evenly arranged on the surface of the gradient portion. These crushing teeth can produce shearing and friction effects during the sliding of the coal blocks, further enhancing the crushing effect. The jaw plates in the expansion and contraction crushing assembly are arranged approximately parallel to the gradient portion, that is, the jaw plates are arranged at an angle, and the jaw plates of all the expansion and contraction crushing assemblies in the entire annular array form an inverted cone. This arrangement allows the coal blocks to be squeezed while also being able to slide down the conical surface due to gravity, subjecting them to shearing and friction effects.

[0011] The retractable crushing assembly features an extendable and retractable jaw plate, meaning the angle of the jaw plate facing the gradient can be adjusted back and forth. This design overcomes the limitations of a fixed jaw plate angle in traditional jaw crushers, allowing different areas of the coal block to be subjected to varying degrees and directions of compression.

[0012] In one embodiment, from a planar perspective, the gradient portion presents a shape formed by the tangency of two upper and lower arcs. The center of the upper arc is located inside the first cylinder, while the center of the lower arc is located outside the first cylinder. This design makes the inner wall surface of the gradient portion present an uneven curvature change, providing a more complex and uneven pressure distribution for the coal block during the crushing process. The jaw plate in the retractable crushing assembly can not only extend and retract, but also dynamically adjust its inclination angle and the distance from the inner wall of the gradient portion. This dynamic adjustment function allows the extrusion direction of the coal block to change with the inclination angle of the jaw plate when it is squeezed, thereby generating stress in different directions inside the coal block.

[0013] In one embodiment, the hammer assembly includes a hammer body connected to a first hydraulic cylinder and a piston rod thereof. The first hydraulic cylinder serves as a power source, and drives the hammer body to perform a rapid striking action by extending the piston rod. When the coal block is squeezed by the jaw plate, it is mainly subjected to the squeezing force at both ends. In order to further improve the crushing effect, the hammer assembly provides an instantaneous striking force on the upper part of the coal block. This striking force, combined with the squeezing force of the jaw plate, causes the coal block to be subjected to a more complex and multi-dimensional mechanical action, thereby promoting the formation and expansion of cracks. In addition, during the dynamic cyclic adjustment process of the jaw plate, when the distance between the jaw plate and the inner wall of the gradient portion is at the maximum space, that is, when the coal block moves and rearranges in a larger space, the hammer assembly also provides an instantaneous striking force on the upper part of the coal block. This striking force helps the coal block to further extend, break and rearrange, creating conditions for subsequent squeezing and shearing.

[0014] In one embodiment, the crushing mechanism includes a rotating module, the core of which is a rotatable turntable. The turntable is cleverly arranged in the first cylinder, below the feed port and above the telescopic crushing assembly. A plurality of telescopic crushing assemblies and hammer assemblies are arranged in a circular array at its lower part, forming an efficient crushing working area. The rotating module is driven by a first servo motor, and the smooth rotation of the turntable is achieved through the meshing transmission of the gear and the ring gear. The ring gear is fixedly connected to the turntable to ensure the reliability and stability of the transmission. The turntable is designed to be a hollow structure, so that when the coal block falls from the feed port, it can smoothly fall into the first cylinder and enter the crushing working area.

[0015] In one embodiment, the layout features of the expansion and contraction crushing assembly enable another action: when a piece of coal falls onto the filter plate, the second hydraulic cylinders of all expansion and contraction crushing assemblies retract, driving the jaws to rise, leaving space for the coal to pass through and approach the transition zone. The rotary table then rotates, driving the jaws to rotate, while the second hydraulic cylinders extend, "moving" the coal to the transition zone. This "moving" action not only allows the coal to enter the crushing work area smoothly but also increases relative motion between the coal pieces, facilitating the crushing process.

[0016] In one embodiment, in the screening mechanism, a plurality of screening plates are arranged from top to bottom in the second cylinder, and further divided into different chambers; all the screening plates are arranged in a gradient manner according to the size of the mesh, with the upper screening plate having the smallest mesh size and the lower screening plate having the largest mesh size; each chamber is connected to a slanted discharge port;

[0017] A spring group is arranged at the bottom of the second cylinder, the spring group is connected to the base, the base is grounded, and a vibration exciter is arranged at the bottom of the second cylinder.

[0018] After the crushed coal enters the second drum, the vibrator is activated, causing the second drum to vibrate and screen. Coal of different sizes is filtered through multiple chambers; finally, each chamber opens its inclined discharge door to discharge coal of different specifications.

[0019] In one embodiment, in the crushing mechanism, the upper end of the feed inlet of the first cylinder is connected to an intermittent mechanism for pouring coal into the first cylinder in batches. The intermittent mechanism includes a transmission belt driven by a second servo motor, which drives a rotating cross wheel. The cross wheel rotates and engages a sleeve with openings at both top and bottom. The lower opening of the sleeve is connected to the feed inlet of the first cylinder. As the cross wheel rotates, coal entering through the top opening of the sleeve is sequentially introduced into the first cylinder to prevent excessive accumulation of coal.

[0020] In one embodiment, the feeding conveyor pours the transported coal blocks into the intermittent mechanism.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. Efficiency and Uniformity: This invention achieves efficient movement and uniform force distribution during the coal crushing process through the synergistic effect of the rotating module and the expansion and contraction crushing assembly. The rotating table drives the jaws to rotate, while the jaws can be adjusted to expand and contract as needed. This multi-dimensional movement provides a more uniform and continuous force on the coal, improving crushing efficiency and uniformity.

[0023] Dynamic Adjustability: This invention incorporates a dynamic adjustment mechanism. By controlling the extension and retraction of the jaws and the rotation of the rotary table via hydraulic cylinders, the direction, angle, and force of pressure can be adjusted in real time. This dynamic adjustability allows the equipment to adapt to varying coal qualities and crushing requirements, enhancing its flexibility and applicability.

[0024] 3. Avoiding Local Overload and Stress Concentration: Due to the rotation and telescopic movement of the jaws, the curved surface design of the gradient section, and the grinding action of the crushing teeth, the coal blocks are subjected to forces from different directions and angles during the crushing process, effectively avoiding local overload and stress concentration. This can extend the service life of the equipment and reduce maintenance costs.

[0025] 4. Reduce coal accumulation and clogging: The "swivel" action design of the jaw plate and the rotation of the rotary table can effectively prevent coal accumulation on the filter plate, avoiding clogging, and continuously move coal accumulated on the outer edge to the crushing area, further improving crushing uniformity. This improves the continuous working capacity and stability of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the crushing mechanism, screening mechanism and intermittent mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the intermittent mechanism of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the crushing mechanism and screening mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a half-cutaway perspective schematic diagram of the crushing mechanism and screening mechanism of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the enlarged viewing angle (1:4) of area A;

[0033] Figure 7 A half-cutaway perspective schematic diagram of the crushing mechanism of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the rotating module of the crushing mechanism of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 A schematic perspective view of the layout of the rotary module, hammer assembly and retractable crushing assembly of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the expansion and contraction crushing assembly of the present invention.

[0037] Description of the drawings: 1. Crushing mechanism; 101. First cylinder; 1011. Feeding port; 1012. Feeding port; 102. Rotating module; 1021. First servo motor; 1022. Gear; 1023. Ring gear; 1024. Rotating table; 103. Hammer assembly; 1031. First hydraulic cylinder; 1032. Hammer; 104. Retractable crushing assembly; 1041. First plate; 1042. Second plate; 1043. Jaw plate; 1044. Second Hydraulic cylinder; 1045, slider; 1046, first hinge arm; 1047, second hinge arm; 105, gradient portion; 106, crushing tooth; 107, filter plate; 2, screening mechanism; 201, second cylinder; 202, screening plate; 203, oblique discharge port; 204, vibrator; 205, base; 206, spring group; 3, intermittent mechanism; 301, second servo motor; 302, transmission belt; 303, cross wheel; 304, sleeve; 4, feeding conveyor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following description sets forth many specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0039] It should be pointed out that if Figures 5 to 8 The cross-sectional views shown are not cross-hatched because cross-sectional lines would affect the neatness of the drawings.

[0040] Example: Figures 1 to 10 As shown, this embodiment discloses a coal crushing device, comprising:

[0041] A crushing mechanism 1 for crushing coal lumps, comprising a first crushing group formed by a circular array of retractable crushing assemblies 104 with extendable and retractable jaws 1043, for crushing the coal lumps. The crushing mechanism 1 also comprises a second crushing group formed by a circular array of hammer assemblies 103 with extendable and retractable hammer bodies 1032, for crushing the coal lumps.

[0042] The screening mechanism 2 is connected to the crushing mechanism 1 and vibrates to screen the coal lumps crushed by the crushing mechanism 1 according to their sizes.

[0043] Specifically: The working principle of the expansion and contraction crushing assembly 104 is based on the principle of a jaw crusher. Through the extension and retraction of the jaw plate 1043, an extrusion force is applied to the coal block to crush it. This crushing method is suitable for larger coal blocks and can effectively crush them into smaller particles. The working principle of the hammer assembly 103 is based on the principle of a hammer crusher. Through the high-speed rotation or reciprocating motion of the hammer body 1032, an impact force is applied to the coal block to crush it. This crushing method is suitable for medium-sized coal blocks and can further crush them into finer particles. The principle of the screening mechanism 2 is to use vibration force to screen the crushed coal blocks. By adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the vibration, effective separation of coal blocks of different particle sizes can be achieved.

[0044] It is understood that in the above scheme, this coal crushing device combines both extrusion and impact crushing methods, achieving efficient and uniform coal crushing. The annular array design of the expansion and contraction crushing assembly 104 and hammer assembly 103 ensures more uniform force distribution during the crushing process, avoiding localized overload or stress concentration. The provision of the screening mechanism 2 allows for effective separation of crushed coal according to particle size, meeting the coal particle size requirements of different users.

[0045] To achieve the above technical goals, please refer to Figure 1 : The feeding conveyor 4 pours the transported coal blocks into the intermittent mechanism 3.

[0046] See later Figures 2 and 3In the crushing mechanism 1, the upper end of the feed inlet 1011 of the first cylinder 101 is connected to an intermittent mechanism 3 for pouring coal into the first cylinder 101 in batches. The intermittent mechanism 3 includes a transmission belt 302 driven by a second servo motor 301. The transmission belt 302 drives a rotating cross wheel 303, which rotates and engages with a sleeve 304 with openings at both the top and bottom. The lower opening of the sleeve 304 is connected to the feed inlet 1011 of the first cylinder 101. As the cross wheel 303 rotates, the coal entering through the top opening of the sleeve 304 is sequentially introduced into the first cylinder 101 to prevent excessive accumulation of coal.

[0047] When the coal blocks can be fed into the crushing mechanism 1 in batches, please refer to Figures 4 and 5 The crushing mechanism 1 includes a first cylinder 101 with a feed inlet 1011 and a guide port 1012 respectively opened at the top and bottom, and the screening mechanism 2 includes a second cylinder 201, and the first cylinder 101 is connected to and placed on the upper part of the second cylinder 201;

[0048] The expansion and contraction crushing assembly 104 and the hammer assembly 103 are both located within the first cylinder 101. A filter plate 107 is located above the material inlet 1012 within the first cylinder 101 to support the coal. Once the coal is crushed to a size that is sufficient for the filter plate 107 to pass through, i.e., the maximum size for the current crushing task, it can then enter the screening mechanism 2 by gravity.

[0049] Specifically, the first cylinder 101 is designed to provide a closed crushing chamber, ensuring that coal does not splash or cause environmental pollution during the crushing process. The circular array arrangement of the telescoping crushing assembly 104 and the hammer assembly 103 is based on mechanical principles, achieving uniform coal crushing through multi-angle and multi-directional force application. The filter plate 107 utilizes the principle of physical screening to initially separate the crushed coal by size. Only coal particles that meet the aperture of the filter plate 107 pass through and enter the next screening process.

[0050] It is understood that in the above scheme, the design of the feed port 1011 and the guide port 1012 ensures smooth input and output of coal. The combined use of the expansion and contraction crushing assembly 104 and the hammer assembly 103 improves crushing efficiency and quality, enabling the coal to be quickly and evenly crushed to the desired size.

[0051] Based on the above layout and the technical solution provided in this embodiment, please refer to Figures 7-10: A single expansion and contraction crushing assembly 104 includes a first plate body 1041 and a second plate body 1042 hinged to one end thereof, the other end of the second plate body 1042 is hinged to a jaw plate 1043, a second hydraulic cylinder 1044 is provided on the outside of the first plate body 1041, the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 1044 is connected to a slider 1045, the slider 1045 is slidably fitted in the first plate body 1041, the slider 1045 is hinged to one end of a first hinge arm 1046, the other end of the first hinge arm 1046 is hinged to one end of a second hinge arm 1047, the other end of the second hinge arm 1047 is hinged to the planar part of the jaw plate 1043; the non-planar part of the jaw plate 1043 is in the shape of an array of teeth, which is used to face and crush coal blocks. When in use, the second hydraulic cylinder 1044 of each retractable crushing assembly 104 extends, and based on the movement of the slider 1045, pushes or pulls the first hinge arm 1046. After contributing an optimized angle of rotational freedom, the first hinge arm 1046 further pushes or pulls the jaw plate 1043 to extend or retract based on the second hinge arm 1047; and the jaw plate 1043 can now function like a traditional jaw crusher to crush the coal blocks.

[0052] Specifically: The working principle of the extension and retraction crushing assembly 104 is based on the principle of hydraulic transmission and leverage. The second hydraulic cylinder 1044 serves as a power source, driving the slider 1045 to slide along the first plate 1041 by extending or retracting the piston rod. The movement of the slider 1045 is converted into a push-pull force on the jaw plate 1043 through the hinge connection of the first hinge arm 1046 and the second hinge arm 1047. Due to the presence of the first hinge arm 1046 and the second hinge arm 1047, the jaw plate 1043 can rotate at an optimized angle to achieve extension or retraction. The array tooth design of the jaw plate 1043 increases its contact area with the coal block and the crushing efficiency. When the jaw plate 1043 is extended, its toothed portion can penetrate into the interior of the coal block and crush the coal block.

[0053] It is understood that in the above-described solution, the design of the retractable crushing assembly 104 enables more efficient and uniform coal crushing. Through the combined use of hydraulic transmission and lever principles, the jaws 1043 can be quickly and accurately extended and retracted. The array of teeth in the jaws 1043 increases their contact area with the coal and improves crushing efficiency, enabling rapid and uniform coal crushing. The annular array arrangement of the retractable crushing assembly 104 (as described above) further improves crushing efficiency and quality. This design is suitable for various coal processing sites and can meet the coal particle size and processing efficiency requirements of different users.

[0054] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, please refer to Figure 7: The inner wall of the first cylinder 101 is provided with a gradual transition portion 105 which gradually decreases from top to bottom, and crushing teeth 106 are evenly provided on the surface of the gradual transition portion 105; in the expansion and contraction crushing assembly 104, the jaw plate 1043 is arranged approximately parallel to the gradual transition portion 105, that is, the jaw plate 1043 is arranged at an angle, and the jaw plates 1043 of all the expansion and contraction crushing assemblies 104 in the entire annular array arrangement form an inverted cone.

[0055] During crushing, the coal blocks are not only squeezed under the oblique pressure, but also, due to the structural characteristics of the gradient section 105, they slide down the conical surface under gravity, generating shear and friction. Furthermore, if the jaws 1043 are arranged non-parallel, some areas of the coal block will experience greater pressure, while others will experience less pressure. This uneven pressure distribution leads to uneven crushing of the coal blocks, making some areas more susceptible to breaking than others. Therefore, under normal conditions, the jaws 1043 should be arranged in the aforementioned approximately parallel arrangement.

[0056] However, the retractable crushing assembly 104 of this solution can extend and retract the jaw plate 1043. In other words, the angle of the jaw plate 1043 facing the gradient portion 105 can be controlled and adjusted back and forth, and is no longer limited to the above-mentioned "uneven pressure" limitation. Instead, different sizes and directions of extrusion forces can be cyclically applied to different areas of the coal block, and combined with shear and friction effects, a better crushing effect can be achieved.

[0057] Specifically, the design principle of the gradient section 105 and crushing teeth 106 is based on the physical properties of coal during the crushing process. Through gradually increasing extrusion, shearing, and friction, efficient coal crushing is achieved. The principle of the nearly parallel arrangement of the jaws 1043 is to ensure that the coal is evenly stressed when squeezed, avoiding uneven crushing due to uneven pressure distribution. The extendable and retractable design principle of the retractable crushing assembly 104 is based on hydraulic transmission and mechanical principles. By controlling the angle and position of the jaws 1043, cyclic extrusion of different areas of the coal is achieved, combined with shearing and friction effects, to improve the crushing effect and uniformity.

[0058] It should be noted that the principle behind the aforementioned "cyclic application of compressive forces of varying magnitude and orientation to different regions of the coal lump, combined with shear and friction effects to achieve a better crushing effect" lies in the fact that the angle of the jaw plate 1043 facing the transition portion 105 is reciprocally adjustable. This means that by controlling the extension and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder, the relative position of the jaw plate 1043 and the transition portion 105 can be adjusted, thereby varying the angle at which the jaw plate 1043 applies pressure to the coal lump. This angle adjustment allows the jaw plate 1043 to contact the coal lump at varying angles, thereby applying compressive forces in different directions. This multi-angle pressure application method achieves comprehensive crushing of the coal lump. Furthermore, because the angle and position of the jaw plate 1043 can be reciprocally adjusted, compressive forces of varying magnitude and orientation can be cyclically applied to different regions of the coal lump. For example, at one moment, the jaw plate 1043 may apply a greater compressive force to one region of the coal lump, while at the next moment, it may apply a lesser force to another region, or even change the direction of pressure. This cyclic pressure method helps to evenly crush the coal blocks, avoid local overload or stress concentration, and improve crushing efficiency.

[0059] It should be further noted that while jaw plate 1043 applies a compressive force to the coal, the coal is also subject to shearing and friction. This is because jaw plate 1043 and the coal move relative to each other during extension and retraction, generating shearing forces. Furthermore, the coal is also subject to friction as it slides on transition portion 105.

[0060] It can be understood that in the above scheme: the above embodiment makes the coal block crushing process more efficient and uniform. The design of the gradient portion 105 and the crushing teeth 106 enhances the crushing effect of the coal block and improves the crushing efficiency. The approximately parallel arrangement of the jaw plates 1043 ensures that the coal block can be evenly stressed when squeezed, avoiding the problem of uneven crushing. The extendable and retractable design of the retractable crushing assembly 104 allows different areas of the coal block to cyclically apply extrusion forces of different sizes and directions, combined with shear and friction effects, to achieve better crushing effect and uniformity. This design not only improves the crushing efficiency of the coal block, but also improves the utilization rate and economic benefits of coal, and is suitable for various coal processing sites.

[0061] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, please refer to Figures 7 and 8From a planar perspective, the gradient section 105 appears as a tangent arc, with the center of the upper arc located within the first cylinder 101 and the center of the lower arc located outside. In this structure, when the coal is squeezed by the jaws 1043, it experiences a more complex and uneven pressure distribution, resulting in greater stress differences within the coal, which promotes the formation and propagation of cracks. Dynamic adjustment of the jaws 1043's tilt angle and spacing based on the expansion-extension crushing assembly 104 further enhances this squeezing and shearing effect. This is because as the jaws 1043's tilt angle changes, the direction of squeezing the coal also changes, generating stresses in different directions within the coal, promoting multi-dimensional crack propagation. The dynamically adjusted spacing between the jaws 1043 and the inner wall of the gradient section 105 controls the degree of abrasion during the sliding process. When the spacing decreases, the abrasion between the coal pieces increases; when the spacing increases, the coal pieces are more easily moved and rearranged within a larger space, creating conditions for subsequent squeezing and shearing. The dynamically cyclically adjusted pressing plate inclination angle and spacing can make the coal blocks be subjected to more uniform and continuous force during the crushing process, avoiding local overload or stress concentration of the coal blocks during the crushing process, thereby improving the efficiency and uniformity of the crushing.

[0062] It should be pointed out that in this solution, the reason for choosing the layout feature of "the center of the upper arc is inside the first cylinder 101, and the center of the lower arc is outside the first cylinder 101" is because when the coal block is squeezed by the jaw plate 1043 and slides along the gradient portion 105, the coal block will naturally slide downward and accelerate its fall due to the action of gravity. Since the lower arc extends to the outside of the cylinder, the coal block will experience a gradually open space during the sliding process, which helps the coal block to disperse and rearrange during the sliding process, and is subjected to more complex mechanical effects. Under the above layout, the coal block will experience a gradually open space during the sliding process, which helps the coal block to disperse and rearrange during the sliding process. This dispersion and rearrangement makes it easier for the coal block to form cracks and break during subsequent extrusion and shearing. When any structure that is contrary to this is used, when the coal block is squeezed by the jaw plate 1043 and slides along the gradient portion 105, the coal block will first experience a gradually open space, and then gradually enter a relatively narrow space during the sliding process, which can easily cause the coal block to be subjected to uneven mechanical action during the sliding process, and even jamming in some cases, affecting the crushing efficiency and uniformity.

[0063] Specifically: The design principle of the tangent upper and lower arcs of the gradient part 105 is based on the stress distribution characteristics of the coal block during the crushing process. The non-uniform curvature change causes a greater stress difference inside the coal block when it is squeezed, thereby promoting the formation and expansion of cracks. The dynamic adjustment principle of the expansion and contraction crushing assembly 104 is based on hydraulic transmission and mechanical principles. By controlling the inclination angle of the jaw plate 1043 and the distance from the inner wall of the gradient part 105, cyclic extrusion and shearing effects on different areas of the coal block can be achieved, and the sliding grinding effect of the coal block on the inner wall of the gradient part 105 can be combined to improve the crushing effect and uniformity. When the inclination angle of the jaw plate 1043 changes, the extrusion direction of the coal block also changes accordingly, causing multi-dimensional stress to be generated inside the coal block, thereby promoting the expansion of cracks in multiple directions. At the same time, the dynamically adjusted spacing of the jaw plates 1043 can control the degree of grinding of the coal block during the sliding process, affecting the crushing efficiency and uniformity of the coal block.

[0064] It should be further pointed out that the principle of "avoiding local overload or stress concentration of coal blocks during the crushing process" is that the multi-directional extrusion pressure of the jaw plate 1043 helps to generate complex stress distribution inside the coal block, promoting the formation and expansion of cracks. At the same time, due to the continuous change in the direction of the extrusion pressure, the coal block is not prone to local overload or stress concentration during the crushing process. Due to the dynamic adjustment of the inclination angle and spacing of the jaw plate 1043, the coal block is subjected to forces from different directions and sizes during the crushing process. This multi-directional mechanical action makes the stress distribution inside the coal block more uniform. The uniformity of force avoids the occurrence of local overload or stress concentration of coal blocks during the crushing process, and reduces the damage and deformation of coal blocks during the crushing process.

[0065] It is understood that in the above scheme: this implementation method makes the coal block crushing process more efficient and uniform. The tangent design of the upper and lower arcs of the gradient portion 105 enhances the stress difference within the coal block, promoting the formation and expansion of cracks. The dynamic adjustment function of the expansion and contraction crushing assembly 104 causes the coal block to be subjected to more complex and uniform forces during the crushing process. The dynamically cyclically adjusted inclination angle and spacing of the jaw plates 1043 can avoid local overload or stress concentration during the coal block crushing process, thereby improving the efficiency and uniformity of the crushing.

[0066] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, please refer to Figures 8 and 9 The hammer assembly 103 includes a first hydraulic cylinder 1031 and a hammer body 1032 connected to its piston rod. When the coal block is squeezed by the jaw plate 1043, it is mainly subjected to the squeezing force at both ends; in order to further improve the crushing effect, the hammer assembly 103 further provides an instantaneous striking force on the upper part of the coal block.

[0067] Or during the dynamic cyclic adjustment of the jaw plate 1043, when the distance between the jaw plate 1043 and the inner wall of the gradient portion 105 is at the maximum space, that is, when the coal blocks move and rearrange in a larger space, the hammer assembly 103 further provides instantaneous striking force on the upper part of the coal blocks to help them further extend, break and rearrange.

[0068] Specifically: The working principle of the hammer assembly 103 is based on the principles of hydraulic transmission and impact mechanics. The first hydraulic cylinder 1031 converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy by extending the piston rod, driving the hammer body 1032 to perform a rapid striking action. The instantaneous striking force combined with the extrusion force of the jaw plate 1043 subjects the coal block to a more complex and multi-dimensional mechanical action. This mechanical action contributes to the formation and expansion of cracks inside the coal block, improving the crushing efficiency and effect. During the dynamic cyclic adjustment of the jaw plate 1043, the instantaneous striking force of the hammer assembly 103 can cooperate with the movement and rearrangement of the coal block, further promoting the crushing and homogenization of the coal block.

[0069] It should be further noted that the principle behind the aforementioned extended fracture and rearrangement is that during the dynamic cyclic adjustment of the jaws 1043, when the spacing is at its maximum, the coal blocks are provided with ample space for movement. This allows the coal blocks to move and rearrange within the crushing chamber, facilitating the redistribution of internal stress and further crack expansion. As the spacing between the jaws 1043 increases, the compressive force on the coal blocks decreases, facilitating the release of internal stress. This stress release and redistribution creates favorable conditions for the subsequent crushing process. The hammer assembly 103 applies a sudden and concentrated impact force to the upper portion of the coal block. This force, acting on the surface of the coal block, is rapidly transmitted to the interior, promoting further crack expansion. This instantaneous impact force causes further extended fracture of the coal block, extending beyond the existing cracks. This extended fracture helps break the coal blocks into smaller particles, improving crushing efficiency. The impact force also causes the coal blocks to rearrange within the crushing chamber. The rearranged coal blocks are more susceptible to the squeezing and shearing forces of the subsequent jaw plates 1043, further accelerating the crushing process.

[0070] Furthermore, the dynamic cyclic adjustment of the jaw plates 1043 and the instantaneous striking force of the hammer assembly 103 form a synergistic mechanism. When the spacing between the jaw plates 1043 increases, the coal blocks are able to move and rearrange within a larger space; at this time, the hammer assembly 103 provides an instantaneous striking force, helping the coal blocks to further extend, break, and rearrange. On the one hand, the dynamic cyclic adjustment of the jaw plates 1043 allows the coal blocks to be fully moved and rearranged within the crushing chamber; on the other hand, the instantaneous striking force of the hammer assembly 103 accelerates the coal block fracture process. By adjusting the spacing between the jaw plates 1043 and the striking force of the hammer assembly 103, precise control of the coal block crushing process can be achieved. This helps to obtain crushed products with uniform particle size and regular shape, optimizing the crushing effect.

[0071] Preferably, the dynamic cyclic adjustment of the jaw plates 1043 is usually achieved through hydraulic drive, which can accurately control the changes in the spacing between the jaw plates 1043. The instantaneous striking force of the hammer assembly 103 can be achieved through pneumatic or electric drive to ensure that the striking force is sudden and concentrated. According to the hardness and crushing requirements of the coal blocks, the striking force of the hammer assembly 103 is adjusted. For coal blocks with higher hardness, the striking force can be appropriately increased to promote their breakage; for coal blocks with lower hardness, the striking force can be reduced to avoid excessive crushing. By adjusting the striking frequency of the hammer assembly 103, it is coordinated with the dynamic cyclic adjustment of the jaw plates 1043. A reasonable striking frequency can further improve the crushing efficiency.

[0072] It is understood that in the above-described scheme, the introduction of the hammer assembly 103 adds a new mechanical action mode to the coal crushing process, improving crushing efficiency and effectiveness. The instantaneous impact force combined with the extrusion force of the jaw plate 1043 subjects the coal to a more complex and multi-dimensional mechanical action. During the dynamic cyclic adjustment of the jaw plate 1043, the instantaneous impact force of the hammer assembly 103 can coordinate with the movement and rearrangement of the coal, further promoting the crushing and homogenization of the coal. This coordinated action helps to avoid local overload or stress concentration during the coal crushing process.

[0073] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, please refer to Figures 7 and 8 The crushing mechanism 1 further comprises a rotating module 102, which comprises a rotatable rotating platform 1024, the rotating platform 1024 being located in the first cylinder 101 and being located below the feed port 1011; a plurality of retractable crushing assemblies 104 and hammer assemblies 103 are arranged in an annular array at the lower portion of the rotating platform 1024; the rotating module 102 comprises a first servo motor 1021 and a gear 1022 driven by the first servo motor 1021, the gear 1022 being engaged with a gear ring 1023, the gear ring 1023 being fixedly connected to the rotating platform 1024; the rotating platform 1024 is hollow (such as Figure 8The rotating module 102 allows the expansion and contraction crushing assembly 104 and the hammer assembly 103 to circulate within the rotating platform 1024, further improving the crushing effect.

[0074] At the same time, the curved surface design of the gradient section 105 makes it easier for the coal to slide along the gradient section 105 when squeezed. This sliding action not only increases friction between the coal pieces but also creates a grinding effect based on the crushing teeth 106, helping to further refine the coal pieces. Furthermore, the dynamically adjusted spacing between the jaws 1043 controls the degree of grinding during the sliding process. When the spacing decreases, the grinding effect between the coal pieces is enhanced; when the spacing increases, the coal pieces are more easily moved and rearranged within a larger space, creating conditions for subsequent squeezing and shearing.

[0075] Specifically, the introduction of the rotating module 102 allows the retractable crushing assembly 104 and the hammer assembly 103 to rotate cyclically within the rotating platform 1024. This rotational motion not only increases contact between the coal and the crushing assembly but also provides a more uniform and continuous force during the crushing process, improving the crushing efficiency and uniformity. The curved surface design of the gradient section 105 facilitates the sliding of the coal along the gradient section 105 when compressed. This sliding motion not only increases friction between the coal but also creates a grinding effect through the crushing teeth 106, further reducing the coal. This grinding effect, combined with the rotational motion, makes the coal crushing process more efficient and uniform. The dynamically adjustable spacing between the jaws 1043 controls the degree of grinding during the sliding process. When the spacing is reduced, the grinding effect between the coal is enhanced, promoting further coal reduction. When the spacing is increased, the coal is more easily moved and rearranged within a larger space, creating conditions for subsequent compression and shearing. This dynamic adjustment function makes the crushing process more flexible and controllable.

[0076] It can be understood that in the above solution, the introduction of rotating module 102 adds a new dynamic factor to the coal crushing process, resulting in a more significant and uniform crushing effect. The curved surface design of the gradient section 105 and the abrasive action of the crushing teeth 106 further enhance the coal refinement and crushing efficiency. The dynamically adjustable spacing between the jaws 1043 makes the crushing process more flexible and controllable, meeting the needs of different coal qualities and crushing requirements.

[0077] In the technical solution provided by this embodiment, based on the layout features of the expansion and contraction crushing assembly 104, another action can be achieved: when the coal falls onto the filter plate 107, the second hydraulic cylinders 1044 of all expansion and contraction crushing assemblies 104 retract, driving the jaws 1043 to rise, leaving space for the coal to pass through and approach the gradient section 105. Then, the rotating table 1024 rotates, driving the jaws 1043 to rotate, while the second hydraulic cylinders 1044 extend, further "moving" the coal to the gradient section 105. This "moving" action not only allows the coal to enter the crushing work area smoothly, but also increases the relative movement between the coal pieces, facilitating the crushing process.

[0078] During crushing, based on the layout features of the expansion-contraction crushing assembly 104, another more preferred form of operation can be implemented: when the distance between the jaws 1043 and the transition portion 105 is at its maximum, the rotary module 102 rotates, and the jaws 1043 gradually shorten the distance relative to the transition portion 105 to its minimum. Furthermore, the jaws 1043 exhibit an inward-outward, rotational "push" motion, thereby "pushing" coal lumps previously accumulated on the filter plate 107 and near the bottom to the outside, while also preventing coal lumps from accumulating on the filter plate 107, further improving the crushing effect. Of course, it is understood that to achieve the above-mentioned goal, the bottom position of the jaws 1043 should be close to, but not interfere with, the filter plate 107.

[0079] In other words, this "stirring" action not only "stirs" coal lumps previously accumulated near the bottom of filter plate 107 to the outside, but also effectively prevents coal lumps from accumulating on filter plate 107, thereby improving the uniformity and efficiency of coal crushing. By fully utilizing the layout features of the telescopic crushing assembly 104, efficient coal movement and crushing are achieved. The synergistic effect of the rotating module 102 and the telescopic crushing assembly 104 improves the uniformity and efficiency of crushing. The "stirring" action of the jaw plate 1043 effectively prevents coal lumps from accumulating on the filter plate 107, further enhancing the crushing effect.

[0080] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, please refer to Figures 5 and 6 In the screening mechanism 2, a plurality of screening plates 202 are arranged from top to bottom in the second cylinder 201, and further divided into different chambers; all the screening plates 202 are arranged in a gradient manner according to the size of the mesh, with the upper screening plate 202 having the least mesh and the lower screening plate 202 having the most mesh; each chamber is connected to a slanted discharge port 203;

[0081] A spring group 206 is arranged at the bottom of the second cylinder 201 . The spring group 206 is connected to the base 205 . The base 205 is grounded. A vibration exciter 204 is provided at the bottom of the second cylinder 201 .

[0082] After the crushed coal enters the second cylinder 201, the vibrator 204 is activated, causing the second cylinder 201 to vibrate and screen. Coal of different sizes is filtered by the multiple chambers; finally, each chamber opens the door of the inclined discharge port 203 to output coal of different specifications.

[0083] The coal crushing device disclosed in this embodiment also includes a controller, which is used to connect and control all electrical components of the device as a whole to drive according to a pre-set program as a preset value and drive mode. It should be noted that the above-mentioned drive mode corresponds to the corresponding start-stop time intervals, speed, power and other output parameters between the relevant electrical components mentioned above, that is, it meets the requirements of the relevant electrical components described below to drive the relevant mechanical devices to operate according to their described functions. All the electrical components described above and the mechanisms they constitute can be controlled by the controller to execute a conventional PID controller algorithm (Proportion Integral Differential) to achieve the corresponding operation start-stop time intervals, speed, power and other output parameters, that is, to achieve the execution of a predetermined or preset action operation mode according to a certain function or motion trajectory.

[0084] Preferably, the controller is a PLC controller, which completes the above-mentioned control requirements through conventional PLC control modes such as ladder diagrams, sequential function charts, function block diagrams, instruction tables or structured texts; it should be pointed out that the output parameters such as the start and stop time intervals, speed, power, etc. of the electrical components or other power components driven by its programming are non-limiting; specifically, the relevant drive control is adjusted according to actual usage requirements.

[0085] In this embodiment, all hydraulic components are powered by an external hydraulic oil tank and its oil pump. Specifically, the hydraulic components of the entire device are connected to the oil pump output of the hydraulic oil tank through conventional pneumatic connections such as solenoid valves, reversing valves, and pipes. The drive synchronization of these hydraulic components is controlled by a controller.

[0086] In this embodiment, all electrical components are powered by mains electricity.

[0087] All of the above embodiments merely represent implementation methods of the present invention in practical applications. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art could make various modifications and improvements without departing from the scope of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the appended claims.

Claims

1. Coal crushing device, characterized in that: include: A crushing mechanism (1) for crushing coal blocks, wherein the crushing mechanism (1) is based on a first crushing group formed by a circular array of a plurality of extendable and retractable jaw plates (1043) to crush the coal blocks; the crushing mechanism (1) is also based on a second crushing group formed by a circular array of a plurality of hammer assemblies (103) to crush the coal blocks; a screening mechanism (2) connected to the crushing mechanism (1) for vibrating and screening the coal blocks crushed by the crushing mechanism (1) based on their size; The crushing mechanism (1) comprises a first cylinder (101) with a feed inlet (1011) and a material guide port (1012) respectively provided at the top and bottom, and the screening mechanism (2) comprises a second cylinder (201), the first cylinder (101) being connected to and placed on the upper part of the second cylinder (201); The expansion and contraction crushing assembly (104) and the hammer assembly (103) are both located in the first cylinder (101); The single expansion and contraction crushing assembly (104) comprises a first plate (1041) and a second plate (1042) hinged to one end thereof, the second plate (1042) being hinged to the jaw plate (1043), a second hydraulic cylinder (1044) being provided on the outside of the first plate (1041), a piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder (1044) being connected to a slider (1045), the slider (1045) being hinged to a first hinge arm (1046), the first hinge arm (1046) being hinged to a second hinge arm (1047), and the second hinge arm (1047) being hinged to the jaw plate (1043); The inner wall of the first cylinder (101) is provided with a gradual change portion (105) that gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the surface of the gradual change portion (105) is evenly provided with crushing teeth (106); In the expansion and contraction crushing assembly (104), the jaw plate (1043) is arranged parallel to the gradient portion (105); The crushing mechanism (1) further comprises a rotating module (102), wherein the rotating module (102) comprises a rotatable rotating table (1024), and a plurality of the retractable crushing assemblies (104) and the hammer assemblies (103) are arranged in a circular array at the bottom of the rotating table (1024).

2. The crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: From a planar perspective, the gradient portion (105) is in a shape formed by tangent arcs, the center of the upper arc is inside the first cylinder (101), and the center of the lower arc is outside the first cylinder (101).

3. The crushing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hammer assembly (103) comprises a first hydraulic cylinder (1031) and a hammer body (1032) connected to its piston rod.

4. The crushing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In the screening mechanism (2), a plurality of screening plates (202) are arranged from top to bottom in the second cylinder (201), thereby dividing the second cylinder (201) into different chambers; all the screening plates (202) are arranged in a gradient manner according to the size of the mesh, with the upper screening plates (202) having the smallest mesh size and the lower screening plates (202) having the largest mesh size; Each of the chambers is connected to form an oblique discharge port (203); A spring group (206) is arranged at the bottom of the second cylinder (201), and the spring group (206) is connected to the base (205). A vibration exciter (204) is provided at the bottom of the second cylinder (201).

5. The crushing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the crushing mechanism (1), the upper end of the feed port (1011) of the first cylinder (101) is connected to an intermittent mechanism (3) for introducing coal blocks into the first cylinder (101) in batches.

6. The crushing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a feeding conveyor (4), which pours the transported coal blocks into the intermittent mechanism (3).

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