Liquid fertilizer for improving stress resistance of tea trees and quality of tea leaves and application of liquid fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid fertilizer for improving stress resistance and tea quality of tea trees and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of tea tree planting. The liquid fertilizer disclosed by the invention is prepared from the following components: 1.6 Kg / L of betaine, 0.1 to 0.3 g / L of brassinolide, 0.17 to 0.2 Kg / L of monopotassium phosphate and 30 ml / L of a surfactant Silweet-77. The liquid fertilizer disclosed by the invention can quickly and directly act on tea tree leaves and directly supplement ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like which are directly absorbed by tea tree growth in a foliage spraying manner, so that tea trees are helped to quickly cope with low-temperature and drought stress, the growth speed of tea tree shoots is quickly increased, the yield of secondary metabolites is increased, and the quality of tea leaves is improved; the leaf surface spraying mode is simple and convenient and is not influenced by weather, the unmanned aerial vehicle spraying mode can be adopted, the influence of the terrain (hillside) of the tea garden is avoided, and manpower is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tea tree planting, and more particularly to a liquid fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of tea trees and the quality of tea leaves and its application. Background Art

[0002] The tea tree (Camellia sinensis (L.) O.Kuntze) is a characteristic cash crop and beverage crop. Tea trees prefer warm and humid environments and are extremely sensitive to temperature and moisture. In China, tea trees are mainly distributed in the southern regions of the Yangtze River, the southwestern regions, and the southern regions. After introducing southern tea to the north, tea trees have also begun to be planted in the northern regions of the Yangtze River. However, due to the high summer temperatures, low precipitation, low winter temperatures, and the occurrence of late spring cold snaps in spring in the northern regions of the Yangtze River, the cold resistance and drought resistance of tea trees have become a constraint affecting the development of the northern tea industry.

[0003] Currently, in the process of tea tree planting and production in the northern regions of the Yangtze River, measures such as increasing the amount of watering for tea trees in summer and covering the tea trees with sheds in winter are adopted to ensure the normal growth and yield of tea tree new shoots. However, these measures not only significantly increase the planting costs of tea farmers, but more importantly, for tea trees growing on mountain slopes, it is impossible to irrigate and water them in a timely manner and cover them with sheds for heat preservation; moreover, the sudden late spring cold snap in spring is the factor that has the greatest impact on the quality and quality of the tea industry, and the traditional measure of covering the tea trees with sheds for heat preservation in winter cannot help the tea trees resist the sudden late spring cold snap in spring. In addition, traditional treatment methods only ensure the normal growth of tea trees and have no significant impact on improving the cold resistance and drought resistance of tea tree new shoots, increasing the tea leaf yield and quality, etc.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a product or method that can efficiently and low-costly improve the drought resistance and cold resistance of tea tree new shoots in the northern regions of the Yangtze River is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a liquid fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of tea trees and the quality of tea leaves and its application.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A liquid fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of tea trees and the quality of tea leaves, the liquid fertilizer comprising 1.6 Kg / L of betaine, 0.1 - 0.3 g / L of brassinolide, 0.17 - 0.2 Kg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 30 ml / L of the surfactant Silwet-77.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above liquid fertilizer. The specific operation is to weigh each raw material according to the concentration ratio, dissolve brassinolide in a small amount of absolute ethanol, then add it together with other raw materials into water, and make up the volume to the required volume and mix evenly.

[0009] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a planting method for improving the stress resistance of tea trees and the quality of tea leaves. The specific operation is to dilute the above liquid fertilizer with water by 100 times (adjust the dilution ratio according to the temperature or soil moisture content, and appropriately increase the dilution multiple when the temperature is high or the soil is dry), and spray the diluted liquid fertilizer onto the tea tree leaves in the form of foliar spraying. The spraying frequency is once every 5 days, and the usage amount of the liquid fertilizer each time is 10 kg / mu.

[0010] Beneficial effects:

[0011] The present invention provides a liquid fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of tea trees and the quality of tea leaves. The raw materials include betaine, brassinolide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the surfactant Silwet L-77. This liquid fertilizer combines the advantages of the four, synergistically enhancing the effects, enabling the liquid fertilizer to have the advantages of resisting abiotic stresses such as low temperature and drought and promoting the growth of tea trees and increasing the yield. Betaine has the effect of regulating the osmotic pressure in plants and maintaining the osmotic balance between the cytoplasm and the external environment, helping the tea trees to resist the ability of low temperature and drought stress, and at the same time is a provider of ammonium nitrogen; brassinolide helps the tea trees to resist stress and promote growth, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate provides nutrient elements for the growth of tea trees; Silwet L-77, as an organosilicon surfactant, can significantly enhance the wettability and coverage range of the liquid fertilizer on the tea tree leaves, and at the same time increase the residence time of the liquid fertilizer on the tea tree leaves, increasing the duration of drug use. The liquid fertilizer of the present invention can act directly on the tea tree leaves quickly and directly by foliar spraying and directly supplement the ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. directly absorbed by the growth of tea trees, helping the tea trees to quickly respond to low temperature and drought stress and quickly increase the growth rate of the new shoots of tea trees; and the foliar spraying method is simple and convenient, not greatly affected by the climate, and can also be sprayed by drone, not affected by the terrain (hillside) of the tea garden, saving manpower.

[0012] Specifically, betaine, brassinolide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Silwet-L77 have the following effects:

[0013] (1) Changing the content of substances in crops: Betaine and brassinolide can improve the ability of plants to resist abiotic stresses such as drought and low temperature by increasing the content of soluble substances in plants. And, brassinolide can change the content of special secondary metabolites in tea trees, such as theanine, caffeine, catechins, etc.

[0014] (2) Inducing plants to resist abiotic stresses: Betaine can enhance osmotic adjustment and scavenge O2- Enhance the ability of plants to withstand abiotic stresses such as low temperature and drought by ensuring the stability of the membrane and maintaining the structure and function of proteins

[0015] (3) Promote vegetative growth: Foliar spraying of betaine and brassinolide can significantly increase the chlorophyll content in plant leaves under low temperature and drought stresses, enhance the activity of the chloroplast Hill reaction, and improve photosynthetic capacity.

[0016] (4) Provide nutrients required for plant growth: Betaine is a trimethyl quaternary ammonium compound that can provide sufficient ammonium nitrogen for the growth and development of tea plants. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate provides sufficient phosphorus and potassium elements for the growth and development of tea plants, ensuring the supply of basic elements required during the growth and development of tea plants. As a plant hormone, brassinolide plays a role in regulating the distribution of nutrients in plants.

[0017] (5) Improve the crop growth environment and enhance the drought resistance of tea plants: In a high-temperature and drought environment, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can reduce the number of positive charges in the soil and increase the survival rate of plants.

[0018] (6) Increase the duration of medication: Silwet L-77 is an organosilicon surfactant with active ingredients of polycyclic ether-modified polydimethylsiloxane and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene copolymer. It can effectively reduce the surface tension of water, thereby increasing the wettability and coverage of liquid fertilizers on the plant leaf surface. Moreover, it also has good water erosion resistance and penetration ability, increasing the residence time of liquid fertilizers on the tea leaf surface and increasing the duration of medication. Detailed implementation manners

[0019] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] The embodiments of the present invention disclose a liquid fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of tea plants and the quality of tea leaves and its application. All raw materials used are commercially available, and no specific limitation is imposed on their sources. For example, betaine can be purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., brassinolide can be purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., and the surfactant Silwet-77 can be purchased from Shanghai Fushen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; the methods involved, unless otherwise specifically mentioned, are all conventional methods and will not be elaborated here one by one.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] Preparation of liquid fertilizer: Dissolve 0.3 g of brassinolide in a small amount of absolute ethanol, and then add it together with 1.6 Kg of betaine, 0.2 Kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 30 ml of Silwet L-77 to water, make up the volume to 1 L, and mix evenly to obtain the liquid fertilizer that can improve the stress resistance of tea trees and the quality of tea leaves.

[0023] Application: Dilute the obtained liquid fertilizer 100 times with water, and before the advent of low-temperature cold snap or when the low-temperature cold snap just comes (before the temperature drops to 4 °C), spray the diluted liquid fertilizer onto the tea tree leaves by foliar spraying. The spraying frequency is 5 days / time (during the cold snap), and the application amount of the liquid fertilizer each time is 10 kg / mu.

[0024] Example 2

[0025] Preparation of liquid fertilizer: Dissolve 0.3 g of brassinolide in a small amount of absolute ethanol, and then add it together with 1.6 Kg of betaine, 0.2 Kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 30 ml of Silwet L-77 to water, make up the volume to 1 L, and mix evenly to obtain the liquid fertilizer that can improve the stress resistance of tea trees and the quality of tea leaves.

[0026] Application: Dilute the obtained liquid fertilizer 100 times with water, and when the tea tree is under drought stress (temperature 20 - 25 °C), spray the diluted liquid fertilizer onto the tea tree leaves by foliar spraying. The spraying frequency is 5 days / time (during the drought period), and the application amount of the liquid fertilizer each time is 10 kg / mu.

[0027] Comparative Example 1

[0028] This comparative example is the application control of Example 1, which is the test subarea of the same plot as Example 1. While spraying the liquid fertilizer in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 sprays an equal mass of water.

[0029] Comparative Example 2

[0030] This comparative example is the application control of Example 2, which is the test subarea of the same plot as Example 2. While spraying the liquid fertilizer in Example 2, Comparative Example 2 sprays an equal mass of water.

[0031] Comparative Example 3

[0032] This comparative example is the formulation control of Example 1.

[0033] Preparation of liquid fertilizer: Dissolve 0.3 g of brassinolide in a small amount of absolute ethanol, and then add it together with 1.6 Kg of betaine and 0.2 Kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to water, make up the volume to 1 L, and mix evenly to obtain the liquid fertilizer that can improve the stress resistance of tea trees and the quality of tea leaves.

[0034] Application: Dilute the obtained liquid fertilizer 100 times with water. Before the advent of low-temperature cold snap or when the low-temperature cold snap just arrives (before the temperature drops to 4°C), spray the diluted liquid fertilizer onto the tea tree leaves by foliar spraying. The spraying frequency is once every 5 days, and the application rate of the liquid fertilizer each time is 10 kg / mu.

[0035] Comparative Example 4

[0036] This comparative example is a formulation control for Example 2.

[0037] Preparation of liquid fertilizer: Dissolve 0.3 g of brassinolide in a small amount of absolute ethanol, then add it together with 1.6 Kg of betaine and 0.2 Kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to water, make up the volume to 1 L, and mix evenly to obtain the liquid fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of tea trees and the quality of tea leaves.

[0038] Application: Dilute the obtained liquid fertilizer 100 times with water. When the tea tree is under drought stress (temperature 20 - 25°C), spray the diluted liquid fertilizer onto the tea tree leaves by foliar spraying. The spraying frequency is once every 5 days, and the application rate of the liquid fertilizer each time is 10 kg / mu.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] Sample the new shoots of tea trees (one bud with two leaves) in Examples 1 - 2 and Comparative Examples 1 - 4. Use a kit to detect the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (PRO), and use high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect the special secondary metabolites of tea trees: epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), catechin (C), catechin gallate (CG), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC), theanine, and caffeine content.

[0041] Table 1. Detection results of new shoots of tea trees under low temperature conditions

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] Table 2. Detection results of new shoots of tea trees under normal temperature and drought stress

[0045]

[0046] It can be concluded from the results of Table 1 and Table 2 that the liquid fertilizer of the present invention can enable tea trees to quickly respond to low temperature and drought stress, ensure the growth rate of new shoots of tea trees, increase the yield of secondary metabolites, and improve the quality of tea leaves.

[0047] In the present specification, the various embodiments are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. For the same or similar parts among the various embodiments, reference can be made to each other.

[0048] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A liquid fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of tea plants and the quality of tea leaves, characterized in that, The liquid fertilizer includes 1.6 Kg / L of betaine, 0.1 - 0.3 g / L of brassinolide, 0.17 - 0.2 Kg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 30 ml / L of the surfactant Silwet - 77.

2. The preparation method of the liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, Weigh each raw material according to the concentration ratio. Dissolve the brassinolide in a small amount of absolute ethanol, then add it together with other raw materials into water, make up the volume to the required volume, and mix evenly.

3. A planting method for improving the stress resistance of tea plants and the quality of tea leaves, characterized in that, Dilute the liquid fertilizer described in Claim 1 by 100 times with water, and spray the diluted liquid fertilizer onto the tea tree leaves in the form of foliar spraying. The spraying frequency is once every 5 days, and the application rate of the liquid fertilizer each time is 10 kg / mu.

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