Durable coating applicable to pollution resistance of photovoltaic panel as well as preparation method and application of durable coating

Abstract

The invention discloses a durable coating suitable for photovoltaic panel pollution resistance and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation. The method comprises the following steps: adding TiO2, SiO2, PEG-200, modified nano ZnO and plant essential oil microcapsules into a mixed solution composed of ethanol and water, then adding a BTA-PDA complex, and sequentially carrying out ultrasonic dispersion, high-speed shear stirring and centrifugation to prepare a nano-particle suspension; mixing a PDMS prepolymer, a photoinitiator and a cross-linking agent in a solvent, then adding the quantum dot dispersion liquid, and then carrying out vacuum defoamation to prepare a modified PDMS prepolymer; mixing the nanoparticle suspension and the modified PDMS prepolymer which are equal in mass, and performing stepped stirring to form coating slurry; and carrying out plasma treatment on a base material by adopting O2 / Ar mixed gas, spraying the coating slurry on the base material, and then sequentially carrying out UV step-by-step curing and baking to obtain the durable coating. According to the coating, the antifouling performance of the photovoltaic panel in various environments can be improved, the influence of pollutants on the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is reduced, and the overall efficiency, stability and economic benefits of photovoltaic power generation are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly relates to a durable coating suitable for anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that directly converts solar energy into electrical energy. In recent years, it has received wide attention due to its renewable and environmentally friendly characteristics. Distributed photovoltaic power generation can be flexibly designed and deployed according to different sites and requirements, and is suitable for various types of buildings and facilities such as residential, commercial, and industrial. However, different sites bring more environmental impact factors, which affect the photovoltaic power generation efficiency, especially the problem of dust accumulation on the surface area of photovoltaic panels. The surface dust accumulation will block light, resulting in a reduction in power generation; the dust accumulation will also cause the hot spot effect of the photovoltaic panel, making the local temperature overheat, which not only reduces the power generation, but also has a fire risk. Therefore, how to effectively maintain the cleanliness of photovoltaic panels is a key issue in the application of photovoltaic power generation.

[0003] Currently, in order to keep the surface of photovoltaic panels clean, methods such as natural rainfall, high-pressure water flushing, and manual scrubbing are mainly used. However, these methods have disadvantages such as high cost, low cleaning degree, and easy damage to photovoltaic panels. Some photovoltaic power stations are relatively remote and often encounter harsh environments such as high temperature and dust. Frequent cleaning not only has problems such as difficult water supply and high cost, but also reduces the lifespan of photovoltaic panels, making the operation cost of photovoltaic power generation remain high.

[0004] Studies have found that the waxy layer and micro-nano protrusion structure on the surface of lotus leaves endow it with self-cleaning ability. Among them, the low surface energy on the surface of lotus leaves is generated by the surface waxy layer, while the micro-nano structure plays a role in reducing the contact area between water droplets and the surface. In real life, in addition to lotus leaves, the surfaces of some animals and plants, such as the wings of butterflies, cabbage leaves, and rice leaves, have self-cleaning effects. The reason is that an air layer is formed at the solid-liquid interface of their surface microstructure, so the surface is difficult to be wetted by water droplets.

[0005] Based on the above principles, a variety of photovoltaic panel coatings have been developed. However, the existing coatings have the following problems: Firstly, the self-cleaning efficiency is insufficient. The deposition of pollutants such as sand, dust, rain, snow, and bird droppings leads to a decrease in light transmittance, and the annual power generation loss exceeds 15%. The existing coatings are difficult to cope with highly viscous sand and dust (such as the "mud rain" in Xinjiang region), and the cleaning cost is high. The uneven distribution of pollutants may cause local hot spots, resulting in reverse power consumption of the components. Secondly, the durability and lifespan are short. The coatings are prone to failure. The lifespan of existing coatings (such as TiO2) is generally only 2 - 3 years, while the designed lifespan of photovoltaic modules is 25 years, so they need to be frequently replaced, increasing the operation and maintenance costs. The mechanical properties are insufficient. The existing coatings have weak abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance, and are prone to wear, cracking, or chemical corrosion after long-term exposure to the outdoor environment, resulting in performance degradation. Moreover, the environmental differences in different regions are large (such as dry and hot sand and dust, high humidity and acid rain, snow accumulation in high latitudes). It is difficult for existing coatings to simultaneously meet multiple requirements such as hydrophobic / hydrophilic, antistatic, and antifreeze-thaw. The particle friction in sandstorms, the chemical erosion of acid rain, the growth of molds and algae under high temperature and high humidity, etc. will all accelerate the failure of the coatings. Finally, the high cost restricts popularization: The imported coatings are expensive, and the equipment investment for some technologies (such as magnetron sputtering) is large, resulting in high application costs. The construction technology is complex: The existing coatings require high-temperature curing or complex processes (such as CVD), and it is difficult to adapt to large-scale on-site construction, restricting the promotion speed.

[0006] To solve these problems, a durable coating material suitable for anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels is needed. This coating can not only reduce the cleaning frequency of photovoltaics, but also improve the overall economic benefits of the photovoltaic system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a durable coating suitable for anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels, its preparation method and application. This anti-fouling coating is based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Through molecular structure design and optimization of the spraying and curing process, a layer of anti-fouling nano-coating is formed on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, effectively reducing the dust accumulation on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, reducing the cleaning frequency, and significantly improving the efficiency and lifespan of the photovoltaic power generation system. At the same time, the coating does not contain harmful materials, reducing environmental damage, and is an environmentally friendly material. This coating helps to solve the problems of dust accumulation and maintenance on the surface of photovoltaic panels, and comprehensively improves the overall performance and economic benefits of the photovoltaic system.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] On the one hand, the present invention provides a preparation method of a durable coating suitable for anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels, including the following steps:

[0010] Add TiO2, SiO2, PEG–200, modified nano-ZnO, and plant essential oil microcapsules into a mixed solution composed of ethanol and water, then add the BTA-PDA complex, and successively perform ultrasonic dispersion, high-speed shear stirring, and centrifugation to prepare a nano-particle suspension;

[0011] Mix the PDMS prepolymer, photoinitiator, and crosslinker in a solvent, then add the quantum dot dispersion liquid, and then perform vacuum degassing to obtain a modified PDMS prepolymer;

[0012] Mix equal masses of the nano-particle suspension and the modified PDMS prepolymer, and perform stepwise stirring to form a coating slurry;

[0013] Perform plasma treatment on the substrate with an O2 / Ar mixed gas, spray the coating slurry on the substrate, and then successively perform UV stepwise curing and baking to obtain a durable coating.

[0014] In one embodiment, by mass percentage, the raw materials for preparing the nano-particle suspension are as follows:

[0015] 14-15.4% of TiO2, 14-15.4% of SiO2, 0.8-1.2% of PEG-200, 2-3% of modified nano-ZnO, 0.1-0.5% of plant essential oil microcapsules, 64.2-68.8% of the mixed solution, and 0.3% of the BTA-PDA complex;

[0016] Among them, the volume ratio of ethanol to water in the mixed solution is 3:1.

[0017] In one embodiment, by mass percentage, BTA-PDA in the BTA-PDA complex is 0.3%, and ethanol is 99.7%;

[0018] The preparation process of the BTA-PDA complex is as follows:

[0019] Complex benzotriazole BTA and polydopamine PDA with a mass ratio of 1-2:1-2 to obtain BTA-PDA, and perform magnetic stirring to completely dissolve BTA-PDA in ethanol to form a BTA-PDA complex.

[0020] In one embodiment, by mass percentage, the raw materials for preparing the modified nano-ZnO are as follows:

[0021] 2-3% of nano-ZnO, 96.5-97.5% of ethanol solution, and 0.5% of silane coupling agent KH570;

[0022] The preparation process of the modified nano-ZnO is as follows:

[0023] The nano-ZnO was added to an ethanol solution, and the silane coupling agent KH570 was added. After ultrasonic dispersion, stirring reaction, centrifugation, washing, and drying in sequence, the modified nano-ZnO was obtained.

[0024] In one embodiment, the plant essential oil microcapsule is prepared from an oil phase and an aqueous phase. The proportion of the oil phase in the total volume is 1.1%-1.5%, and the proportion of the aqueous phase in the total volume is 98.5%-98.9%.

[0025] Among them, the oil phase is formed by mixing and stirring the plant essential oil and the emulsifier Tween 80; the volume ratio of the plant essential oil to the emulsifier Tween 80 is 0.1-0.5:1; the plant essential oil is prepared by mixing lemon grass oil and peppermint oil at a volume ratio of 1:1.

[0026] Among them, the aqueous phase is prepared from chitosan and an acetic acid aqueous solution; the dosage ratio of chitosan to the acetic acid aqueous solution is 2-2.5 g: 97.5-98 mL.

[0027] The preparation process of the plant essential oil microcapsule is as follows:

[0028] The plant essential oil and the emulsifier Tween 80 were mixed and stirred at a high speed of 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes to form an oil phase.

[0029] Chitosan was dissolved in the acetic acid aqueous solution to form an aqueous phase.

[0030] The oil phase was dropped into the aqueous phase and stirred continuously for 30 minutes to form an emulsion.

[0031] Sodium hydroxide solution was added dropwise to adjust the pH of the emulsion to 5-6, and stirred for 1 hour to solidify chitosan to form microcapsules. After centrifugation, washing, and drying, the plant essential oil microcapsules were obtained.

[0032] In one embodiment, by mass percentage, the raw materials for preparing the modified PDMS prepolymer are as follows:

[0033] 60-75% of PDMS prepolymer, 1.5-2.5% of photoinitiator, 2-4% of crosslinking agent, 18.1-36.3% of solvent, and 0.2-0.4% of quantum dot dispersion liquid.

[0034] Among them, the photoinitiator is Irgacure1173; the crosslinking agent is KH570; the solvent is toluene or xylene.

[0035] In one embodiment, by mass percentage, the raw materials for preparing the quantum dot dispersion liquid are as follows:

[0036] 0.1-0.3% of ZnSe quantum dots, 0.2-0.4% of mercaptopropionic acid, and 99.5% of ethanol.

[0037] The preparation process of the quantum dot dispersion liquid is as follows:

[0038] Dissolve ZnSe quantum dots and mercaptopropionic acid in ethanol, perform ultrasonic dispersion at 150 - 250W for 25 - 35 minutes, and then centrifuge to remove agglomerated particles at a rotation speed of 2500 - 3500rpm for 5 minutes to obtain the quantum dot dispersion liquid.

[0039] In one embodiment, the process of sequentially performing ultrasonic dispersion, high - speed shear stirring, and centrifugation is as follows:

[0040] Perform ultrasonic dispersion at 250 - 350W for 30 - 60 minutes, then perform shear stirring at a rotation speed of 1800 - 2200rpm for 14 - 17 minutes, and then centrifuge at a rotation speed of 4500 - 5000rpm for 8 - 12 minutes;

[0041] The conditions for vacuum degassing are as follows:

[0042] Perform degassing for 15 minutes under a vacuum degree of - 0.1MPa;

[0043] The process of step - ladder stirring is as follows:

[0044] First, perform low - speed stirring at a rotation speed of 180 - 220rpm for 8 - 12min, and then perform circulating stirring at a rotation speed of 30 - 50rpm;

[0045] The process of UV step - by - step curing includes three - stage curing sequentially performed at a temperature below 40°C. The process of the three - stage curing is as follows:

[0046] The first stage uses a 365nm medium - pressure mercury lamp, and the set energy density is 150mJ / cm 2 ; The second stage uses a 254nm UVLED light source, and the energy density is controlled to be 100mJ / cm 2 ; The third stage uses a 365nm UVLED light source, and the energy density is maintained at 100mJ / cm 2 ;

[0047] The baking temperature is 80°C, and the baking time is 20 minutes.

[0048] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a durable coating for anti - pollution of photovoltaic panels prepared by using the above - mentioned preparation method of the durable coating for anti - pollution of photovoltaic panels.

[0049] The present invention also provides an application of a durable coating for anti - pollution of photovoltaic panels prepared by using a preparation method of a durable coating for anti - pollution of photovoltaic panels on a photovoltaic panel.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0051] The present invention provides a preparation method for a durable coating suitable for anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels. In the PDMS / TiO2 / SiO2, it increases the contact angle of the substrate surface, thereby providing a superhydrophobic surface and a dust-proof micro-nano structure; the coupling of TiO2 and quantum dots can enhance the photocatalytic self-cleaning ability, and at the same time, the quantum dots can also be used as a medium to detect the temperature and humidity changes inside the substrate; the addition of nano-ZnO can effectively damage the cell membrane of bacteria and kill microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger, thereby enhancing the antibacterial performance of the coating; in addition, the added plant essential oil can repel mosquitoes and prevent the attachment of eggs on the substrate in hot and humid areas; the BTA-PDA complex can inhibit metal electrochemical corrosion. This coating can improve the anti-fouling performance of photovoltaic panels in various environments, reduce the influence of pollutants on the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels, and significantly improve the overall efficiency, stability and economic benefits of photovoltaic power generation.

[0052] The present invention also provides a durable coating prepared by using the above preparation method for a durable coating suitable for anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels. This coating can form a special anti-fouling microstructure composed of PDMS / TiO2 / SiO2 on the photovoltaic panel. The design of this microstructure aims to improve the anti-pollution ability of the photovoltaic panel, and can effectively prevent the deposition of pollutants such as dust, bird droppings and oil stains, so as to keep the photovoltaic panel clean. Through the composite functional coating, targeted protection measures can be provided according to different types of pollutants. This coating can form a protective film on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, reduce the adhesion between pollutants and the photovoltaic panel, and thus reduce the risk of the photovoltaic panel being polluted. The application of this anti-fouling coating can not only effectively reduce the cleaning frequency of the photovoltaic panel, thereby reducing the maintenance cost of the photovoltaic system, but also significantly improve the long-term utilization rate and resource utilization rate of photovoltaic energy. When the surface of the photovoltaic panel remains clean, its photoelectric conversion efficiency will be greatly improved, thereby enhancing the economy of photovoltaic power generation. Specifically, the reduction of the maintenance frequency means the saving of operating costs, and the long-term high-efficiency power generation will also bring considerable benefits in terms of overall energy efficiency and economic return.

[0053] The anti-fouling coating mentioned in the present invention has significant advantages such as simple preparation process and low raw material cost. Its production process has been optimized, which can simplify the manufacturing steps while ensuring functionality, thereby improving production efficiency. More importantly, the components of this coating do not contain harmful components, which means that it will not cause a burden on the environment during use and disposal, and can be said to be a more environmentally friendly choice than existing coatings. This makes this material not only have good performance in maintaining photovoltaic panels, but also meet the environmental requirements of sustainable development in modern society, reflecting the perfect combination of technology and environmental protection. Description of the Drawings

[0054] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the use of a durable coating material for anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels.

[0055] 1 - Solar photovoltaic panel; 2 - Wind force; 3 - Dust; 4 - Polydimethylsiloxane; 5 - Accumulated water droplets; 6 - Silicon dioxide; 7 - Sunlight; 8 - Pollutants; 9 - Titanium dioxide; 10 - Quantum dots; 11 - Other components. Detailed implementation manners

[0056] To enable those skilled in the art to understand the features and effects of the present invention, the following provides a general description and definition of the terms and phrases mentioned in the specification and claims. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art regarding the present invention. In case of conflict, the definition in this specification shall prevail.

[0057] The theories or mechanisms described and disclosed herein, whether correct or incorrect, shall not in any way limit the scope of the present invention, that is, the content of the present invention can be implemented without being limited by any specific theory or mechanism.

[0058] In this article, all features defined in the form of numerical ranges or percentage ranges, such as numerical values, quantities, contents, and concentrations, are only for the sake of brevity and convenience. Accordingly, the description of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be regarded as having covered and specifically disclosed all possible sub - ranges and individual numerical values within the range (including integers and fractions).

[0059] In this article, unless otherwise specified, "comprising", "including", "containing", "having" or similar terms cover the meanings of "consisting of" and "mainly consisting of". For example, "A comprises a" covers the meanings of "A comprises a and others" and "A only comprises a".

[0060] In this article, for the sake of brevity of description, all possible combinations of all technical features in each embodiment or example are not described. Therefore, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, the technical features in each embodiment or example can be combined arbitrarily, and all possible combinations should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0061] On the one hand, the present invention provides a method for preparing a durable coating applicable to anti - pollution of photovoltaic panels, including the following steps:

[0062] Add TiO₂, SiO₂, PEG–200, modified nano - ZnO, and plant essential oil microcapsules into a mixed solution composed of ethanol and water, and then add a BTA - PDA complex, and successively perform ultrasonic dispersion, high - speed shear stirring, and centrifugation to prepare a nano - particle suspension;

[0063] Mix PDMS prepolymer, photoinitiator, and cross - linker in a solvent, then add a quantum dot dispersion liquid, and then perform vacuum degassing to obtain a modified PDMS prepolymer;

[0064] Mix the nanoparticle suspension and the modified PDMS prepolymer with equal mass, and stir step by step to form a coating slurry.

[0065] Treat the substrate with a mixed gas of O2 / Ar by plasma, spray the coating slurry on the substrate, and then carry out UV stepwise curing and baking in sequence to obtain a durable coating.

[0066] In a specific implementation process, a preparation method of a durable coating applicable to anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels is provided, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0067] I. Raw material pretreatment stage

[0068] 1. Preparation of quantum dot dispersion

[0069] In terms of mass percentage, dissolve ZnSe quantum dots (0.1 - 0.3%) and mercaptopropionic acid (0.2 - 0.4%) in 99.5% ethanol, carry out ultrasonic dispersion (150 - 250W, 25 - 35 minutes), then centrifuge to remove agglomerated particles (2500 - 3500rpm, 5 minutes), and improve the dispersion stability through surface modification to obtain a uniform quantum dot dispersion.

[0070] 2. Preparation of corrosion inhibitor complex

[0071] In terms of mass percentage, complex benzotriazole (BTA) and polydopamine (PDA) with a mass ratio of 1 - 2:1 - 2, and carry out magnetic stirring (400 - 600rpm, 10 minutes) to completely dissolve BTA - PDA (0.3%) in 99.7% ethanol to form a stable complex solution. Among them, BTA - PDA formed by the complexation of benzotriazole (BTA) and polydopamine (PDA) accounts for 0.3% of the total mass of the complex solution.

[0072] 3. Surface modification of nano - ZnO

[0073] In terms of mass percentage, add nano - ZnO (2 - 3%) to a 96.5 - 97.5% ethanol solution, add 0.5% silane coupling agent KH570, carry out ultrasonic dispersion for 30 minutes, then stir and react at 80°C for 2 hours, and obtain surface - modified nano - ZnO after centrifugation, washing, and drying.

[0074] 4. Preparation of plant essential oil microcapsules

[0075] Taking the mass percentage, mix plant essential oils with a volume ratio of 0.1 - 0.5:1 (lemongrass oil and peppermint oil are mixed at a ratio of 1:1) with emulsifier Tween 80, and form an oil phase (1.1 - 1.5%) under high-speed stirring (10,000 rpm, 10 minutes). Dissolve chitosan in an acetic acid aqueous solution to form an aqueous phase (98.5 - 98.9%) at a dosage ratio of 2 - 2.5 g:97.5 - 98 mL of chitosan and acetic acid aqueous solution. Slowly drip the oil phase into the aqueous phase and continue stirring for 30 minutes to form an emulsion. Dropwise add sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 5 - 6, and stir for 1 hour to solidify chitosan to form microcapsules. After centrifugation, washing, and drying, plant essential oil microcapsules are obtained.

[0076] 5. Preparation of nanoparticle suspension

[0077] Taking the mass percentage, add TiO2 (14 - 15.4%), SiO2 (14 - 15.4%), PEG - 200 (0.8 - 1.2%), modified nano - ZnO (2 - 3%), plant essential oil microcapsules (0.1 - 0.5%) into an ethanol / water mixed solution (3:1, 64.2 - 68.8%), then add 0.3% BTA - PDA complex, perform ultrasonic dispersion (250 - 350 W, 30 - 60 minutes), high - speed shear stirring (1800 - 2200 rpm, 14 - 17 minutes), and centrifugation (4500 - 5000 rpm, 8 - 12 minutes) to ensure that the particles are evenly dispersed and free of impurities.

[0078] 6. Modification of PDMS prepolymer

[0079] Taking the mass percentage, using PDMS prepolymer (60 - 75%) as the base, add 1.5 - 2.5% photoinitiator (Irgacure1173), 2 - 4% cross - linker (KH570), and 0.2 - 0.4% quantum dot dispersion liquid. First, mix PDMS, photoinitiator, and cross - linker in a solvent (toluene or xylene, 18.1 - 36.3%) (500 rpm, 30 minutes), slowly add the quantum dot dispersion liquid (500 rpm, 10 minutes), and then perform vacuum degassing (-0.1 MPa, 15 minutes) to avoid bubbles affecting the coating uniformity.

[0080] II. Coating application stage

[0081] 1. Substrate pretreatment

[0082] Surface activation: Use an O2 / Ar mixed gas (flow ratio 2:1) to perform plasma treatment on the substrate (450 - 550 W, 25 - 35 seconds) to enhance the surface polarity of the substrate and improve the coating adhesion. The above - mentioned substrate can be glass.

[0083] 2. Slurry mixing

[0084] Mix the pre-treated nanoparticle suspension and the PDMS prepolymer in a 1:1 ratio to form the final coating slurry. First, stir at a low speed (180 - 220 rpm, for 8 - 12 minutes), and then maintain cyclic stirring (30 - 50 rpm) to prevent particle sedimentation and ensure the stability of the slurry.

[0085] 3. Spraying process

[0086] Spray using a 0.3 mm nozzle at a pressure of 0.4 MPa, with a coating amount of 8 - 10 g / m 2 , ensuring uniform film thickness. Control the temperature at 25 ± 2 °C and the humidity ≤ 50% to avoid the influence of environmental factors on the film-forming quality of the coating.

[0087] III. Curing and post-treatment stage

[0088] 1. UV stepwise curing

[0089] Cure in three stages:

[0090] The first stage: a 365 nm medium-pressure mercury lamp with an energy of 150 mJ / cm 2 , to achieve preliminary cross-linking;

[0091] The second stage: a 254 nm UV LED with an energy of 100 mJ / cm 2 , to promote deep curing;

[0092] The third stage: a 365 nm UV LED with an energy of 100 mJ / cm 2 , to complete the final cross-linking.

[0093] It is necessary to cool it down to below 40 °C by forced air cooling to prevent damage to the coating performance caused by high temperature.

[0094] 2. Thermal cross-linking enhancement

[0095] Bake at 80 °C for 20 minutes to strengthen the binding of the BTA-PDA complex to the substrate and improve the long-term anti-corrosion performance.

[0096] The present invention relates to a durable coating suitable for anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels, targeting scenarios with sticky and stubborn pollutants such as oil stains. Figure 1 Describes the basic working function of the coating. The coating is composed of polydimethylsiloxane 4, silica 6, titanium dioxide 9, quantum dots 10, and other components 11 (such as nano-ZnO, plant essential oils, and corrosion inhibitors, etc.). The coating is applied to the solar photovoltaic panel 1 and can be used under the conditions of sunlight 7, wind 2, dust 3, accumulated water droplets 5, and pollutants 8 (such as oil stains, etc.).

[0097] The material consists of polydimethylsiloxane 4, titanium dioxide 9, and silicon dioxide 6, which increase the surface contact angle of the substrate, thereby providing a superhydrophobic surface and a dust-proof micro-nano structure, and can be quickly cleaned under the action of wind; the coupling of titanium dioxide 9 and quantum dots 10 can enhance the photocatalytic self-cleaning ability, based on which organic pollutants such as pollutant 8 (oil stains, etc.) can be quickly decomposed, and at the same time, quantum dots 10 can also be used as a medium to detect the temperature and humidity changes inside the substrate; the addition of nano-ZnO in other components 11 (nano-ZnO, plant essential oil, and corrosion inhibitor, etc.) can effectively damage the cell membrane of bacteria and improve the antibacterial performance of the coating; in addition, the plant essential oil component can prevent the attachment of insect eggs on the substrate in hot and humid areas; the BTA-PDA complex can inhibit the electrochemical corrosion of metals. The polymer structure of this material can be used for a long time in the environment of photovoltaic laying without polymer depolymerization or structural changes.

[0098] The following will further elaborate on the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of this application.

[0099] Conventional instrument and equipment in the art are used in the following embodiments. For the experimental methods without specific conditions noted in the following embodiments, they are usually carried out under conventional conditions or according to the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Various raw materials are used in the following embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, commercially available products are used, and their specifications are the conventional specifications in the art. In the specification of the present invention and the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, "%" represents weight percentage, "parts" represents weight parts, and the ratio represents weight ratio.

[0100] Example 1

[0101] This example provides a preparation method for a durable coating suitable for anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0102] I. Raw material pretreatment stage

[0103] 1. Preparation of quantum dot dispersion

[0104] Dissolve ZnSe quantum dots (0.1%) and mercaptopropionic acid (0.4%) in 99.5% ethanol, perform ultrasonic dispersion (150W, 25 - 35 minutes), and then centrifuge to remove agglomerated particles (2500rpm, 5 minutes). Improve the dispersion stability through surface modification to obtain a uniform quantum dot dispersion.

[0105] 2. Preparation of corrosion inhibitor complex

[0106] Complex benzotriazole (BTA, 0.1%) and polydopamine (PDA, 0.2%) with a mass ratio of 1:2, and perform magnetic stirring (400 rpm, 10 minutes) to completely dissolve BTA-PDA (0.3%) in 99.7% ethanol to form a stable complex solution.

[0107] 3. Surface modification of nano-ZnO

[0108] Add nano-ZnO (2%) to a 97.5% ethanol solution, add 0.5% silane coupling agent KH570, ultrasonically disperse for 30 minutes, then stir and react at 80 °C for 2 hours, and obtain surface-modified nano-ZnO after centrifugation, washing, and drying.

[0109] 4. Preparation of plant essential oil microcapsules

[0110] Mix plant essential oil and emulsifier Tween 80 with a volume ratio of 0.1:1, that is, 0.1% plant essential oil (lemongrass oil and peppermint oil are mixed at a ratio of 1:1) and 1% emulsifier Tween 80 in the plant essential oil microcapsules, and form an oil phase (1.1%) under high-speed stirring (10000 rpm, 10 minutes). Dissolve chitosan in an acetic acid aqueous solution to form an aqueous phase (98.9%) with a dosage ratio of 2 g:97.5 mL of chitosan and acetic acid aqueous solution. Slowly drop the oil phase into the aqueous phase and continue stirring for 30 minutes to form an emulsion. Dropwise add sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 5 and stir for 1 hour to solidify chitosan to form microcapsules. Obtain plant essential oil microcapsules after centrifugation, washing, and drying.

[0111] 5. Preparation of nanoparticle suspension

[0112] Add TiO2 (14%), SiO2 (14%), PEG-200 (0.8%), modified nano-ZnO (2%), and plant essential oil microcapsules (0.1%) to an ethanol / water mixed solution (3:1, 68.8%), then add 0.3% BTA-PDA complex, ultrasonically disperse (250 W, 30 minutes), perform high-speed shear stirring (1800 rpm, 14 minutes), and centrifuge (4500 rpm, 8 minutes) to ensure that the particles are evenly dispersed and free of impurities.

[0113] 6. Modification of PDMS prepolymer

[0114] Use PDMS prepolymer (60%) as the base, add 1.5% photoinitiator (Irgacure1173), 2% crosslinking agent (KH570), and 0.2% quantum dot dispersion. First mix PDMS, photoinitiator, and crosslinking agent in a solvent (toluene, 36.3%) (500 rpm, 30 minutes), slowly add the quantum dot dispersion (500 rpm, 10 minutes), and then perform vacuum degassing (-0.1 MPa, 15 minutes) to avoid bubbles affecting the coating uniformity.

[0115] II. Coating Application Stage

[0116] 1. Substrate Pretreatment

[0117] Surface Activation: The substrate is treated with a mixed gas of O2 / Ar (flow ratio 2:1) by plasma treatment (450W, 25 seconds) to enhance the surface polarity of the substrate and improve the coating adhesion. The above substrate can be glass.

[0118] 2. Slurry Mixing

[0119] The pretreated nanoparticle suspension is mixed with the PDMS prepolymer in a ratio of 1:1 to form the final coating slurry. First, stir at a low speed (180rpm, 12 minutes), and then maintain cyclic stirring (30rpm) to prevent particle sedimentation and ensure the stability of the slurry.

[0120] 3. Spraying Process

[0121] Spray using a 0.3mm nozzle at a pressure of 0.4MPa, with a coating amount of 8 - 10g / m 2 , ensuring uniform film thickness. Control the temperature at 25 ± 2°C and humidity ≤ 50% to avoid the influence of environmental factors on the film-forming quality of the coating.

[0122] III. Curing and Post-treatment Stage

[0123] 1. Stepwise UV Curing

[0124] Cure in three stages:

[0125] The first stage: A 365nm medium-pressure mercury lamp with an energy of 150mJ / cm 2 to achieve preliminary cross-linking;

[0126] The second stage: A 254nm UVLED with an energy of 100mJ / cm 2 to promote deep curing;

[0127] The third stage: A 365nm UVLED with an energy of 100mJ / cm 2 to complete the final cross-linking.

[0128] It is necessary to cool down to below 40°C by forced air cooling to prevent damage to the coating performance caused by high temperature.

[0129] 2. Thermal Cross-linking Enhancement

[0130] Bake at 80°C for 20 minutes to strengthen the binding of the BTA-PDA complex to the substrate and improve the long-term anti-corrosion performance.

[0131] Example 2

[0132] This embodiment provides a preparation method for a durable coating suitable for anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0133] I. Raw material pretreatment stage

[0134] 1. Preparation of quantum dot dispersion

[0135] Dissolve ZnSe quantum dots (0.2%) and mercaptopropionic acid (0.3%) in 99.5% ethanol, perform ultrasonic dispersion (200 W, 30 minutes), and then centrifuge to remove agglomerated particles (3000 rpm, 5 minutes). Improve the dispersion stability through surface modification to obtain a uniform quantum dot dispersion.

[0136] 2. Preparation of corrosion inhibitor complex

[0137] Complex benzotriazole (BTA, 0.15%) and polydopamine (PDA, 0.15%) with a mass ratio of 1:1, and perform magnetic stirring (500 rpm, 10 minutes) to completely dissolve BTA-PDA (0.3%) in 99.7% ethanol to form a stable complex solution.

[0138] 3. Surface modification of nano-ZnO

[0139] Add nano-ZnO (2.5%) to a 97% ethanol solution, add 0.5% silane coupling agent KH570, perform ultrasonic dispersion for 30 minutes, and then stir and react at 80 °C for 2 hours. After centrifugation, washing, and drying, obtain surface-modified nano-ZnO.

[0140] 4. Preparation of plant essential oil microcapsules

[0141] Mix plant essential oil and emulsifier Tween 80 with a volume ratio of 0.4:1, that is, mix 0.4% plant essential oil (a 1:1 mixture of lemongrass oil and peppermint oil) and 1% emulsifier Tween 80 in the plant essential oil microcapsules, and form an oil phase (1.4%) under high-speed stirring (10000 rpm, 10 minutes). Dissolve chitosan in an acetic acid aqueous solution to form an aqueous phase (98.6%) with a dosage ratio of 2.5 g:98 mL of chitosan and acetic acid aqueous solution. Slowly drip the oil phase into the aqueous phase and continue stirring for 30 minutes to form an emulsion. Dropwise add sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 5.5 and stir for 1 hour to solidify chitosan to form microcapsules. After centrifugation, washing, and drying, obtain plant essential oil microcapsules.

[0142] 5. Preparation of nanoparticle suspension

[0143] Add TiO2 (14.7%), SiO2 (14.7%), PEG-200 (1%), modified nano-ZnO (2.5%), and plant essential oil microcapsules (0.3%) to an ethanol / water mixed solution (3:1, 66.5). Then add 0.3% BTA-PDA complex, and perform ultrasonic dispersion (300 W, 45 minutes), high-speed shear stirring (2000 rpm, 15 minutes), and centrifugation (4800 rpm, 10 minutes) to ensure uniform dispersion of particles and no impurities.

[0144] 6. PDMS prepolymer modification

[0145] Using PDMS prepolymer (67.5%) as the substrate, add 2% photoinitiator (Irgacure1173), 3% crosslinking agent (KH570), and 0.3% quantum dot dispersion. First, mix PDMS, photoinitiator, and crosslinking agent in a solvent (toluene or xylene, 27.2%) (500 rpm, 30 minutes), slowly add the quantum dot dispersion (500 rpm, 10 minutes), and then perform vacuum degassing (-0.1 MPa, 15 minutes) to avoid the influence of bubbles on the coating uniformity.

[0146] II. Coating application stage

[0147] 1. Substrate pretreatment

[0148] Surface activation: Use an O2 / Ar mixed gas (flow ratio 2:1) to perform plasma treatment on the substrate (500 W, 30 seconds) to enhance the surface polarity of the substrate and improve the coating adhesion. The above substrate can be glass.

[0149] 2. Slurry mixing

[0150] Mix the pretreated nanoparticle suspension and PDMS prepolymer in a 1:1 ratio to form the final coating slurry. First, stir at a low speed (200 rpm, 10 minutes), and then maintain cyclic stirring (40 rpm) to prevent particle sedimentation and ensure the stability of the slurry.

[0151] 3. Spraying process

[0152] Use a 0.3 mm nozzle to spray at a pressure of 0.4 MPa, with a coating amount of 8 - 10 g / m 2 , ensuring uniform film thickness. Control the temperature at 25 ± 2 °C and the humidity ≤ 50% to avoid the influence of environmental factors on the film-forming quality of the coating.

[0153] III. Curing and post-treatment stage

[0154] 1. UV stepwise curing

[0155] Cure in three stages:

[0156] The first stage: A medium-pressure mercury lamp of 365 nm with an energy of 150 mJ / cm 2 , to achieve preliminary cross-linking;

[0157] The second stage: A UV LED of 254 nm with an energy of 100 mJ / cm 2 , to promote deep curing;

[0158] The third stage: A UV LED of 365 nm with an energy of 100 mJ / cm 2 , to complete the final cross-linking.

[0159] Forced air cooling to below 40 °C is required to prevent damage to the coating performance caused by high temperature.

[0160] 2. Enhancement of thermal cross-linking

[0161] Bake at 80 °C for 20 minutes to strengthen the binding of the BTA-PDA complex to the substrate and improve the long-term anti-corrosion performance.

[0162] Example 3

[0163] This example provides a preparation method for a durable coating suitable for anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0164] I. Raw material pretreatment stage

[0165] 1. Preparation of quantum dot dispersion

[0166] Dissolve ZnSe quantum dots (0.3%) and mercaptopropionic acid (0.2%) in 99.5% ethanol, perform ultrasonic dispersion (250 W, 25 minutes), and then centrifuge to remove agglomerated particles (3500 rpm, 5 minutes). Improve the dispersion stability through surface modification to obtain a uniform quantum dot dispersion.

[0167] 2. Preparation of corrosion inhibitor complex

[0168] Complex benzotriazole (BTA, 0.2%) and polydopamine (PDA, 0.1%) with a mass ratio of 2:1, and perform magnetic stirring (600 rpm, 10 minutes) to completely dissolve BTA-PDA (0.3%) in 99.7% ethanol to form a stable complex solution.

[0169] 3. Surface modification of nano-ZnO

[0170] Add nano-ZnO (3%) to a 96.5% ethanol solution, add 0.5% silane coupling agent KH570, perform ultrasonic dispersion for 30 minutes, then stir and react at 80 °C for 2 hours, and obtain surface-modified nano-ZnO after centrifugation, washing, and drying.

[0171] 4. Preparation of plant essential oil microcapsules

[0172] Mix plant essential oil and emulsifier Tween 80 at a volume ratio of 0.5:1, that is, 0.5% plant essential oil (lemongrass oil and peppermint oil are mixed at a ratio of 1:1) and 1% emulsifier Tween 80 which account for the plant essential oil microcapsules, and form an oil phase (1.5%) under high-speed stirring (10,000 rpm, 10 minutes). Dissolve chitosan in an acetic acid aqueous solution to form an aqueous phase (98.5%) at a dosage ratio of 2.3 g:97.7 mL of chitosan and acetic acid aqueous solution. Slowly drip the oil phase into the aqueous phase and continue stirring for 30 minutes to form an emulsion. Dropwise add sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 6 and stir for 1 hour to solidify chitosan to form microcapsules. After centrifugation, washing, and drying, plant essential oil microcapsules are obtained.

[0173] 5. Preparation of nanoparticle suspension

[0174] Add TiO2 (15.4%), SiO2 (15.4%), PEG-200 (1.2%), modified nano-ZnO (3%), plant essential oil microcapsules (0.5%) to an ethanol / water mixed solution (3:1, 64.2%), then add 0.3% BTA-PDA complex, ultrasonically disperse (300 W, 45 minutes), high-speed shear stir (2,200 rpm, 14 minutes), and centrifuge (5,000 rpm, 8 minutes) to ensure that the particles are uniformly dispersed and free of impurities.

[0175] 6. Modification of PDMS prepolymer

[0176] Use PDMS prepolymer (75%) as the substrate, add 2.5% photoinitiator (Irgacure1173), 4% crosslinking agent (KH570), and 0.4% quantum dot dispersion. First, mix PDMS, photoinitiator, and crosslinking agent in a solvent (toluene or xylene, 18.1%) (500 rpm, 30 minutes), slowly add the quantum dot dispersion (180 - 220 rpm, 10 minutes), and then perform vacuum degassing (-0.1 MPa, 15 minutes) to avoid bubbles affecting the coating uniformity.

[0177] II. Coating application stage

[0178] 1. Substrate pretreatment

[0179] Surface activation: Perform plasma treatment (550 W, 25 seconds) on the substrate using an O2 / Ar mixed gas (flow ratio 2:1) to enhance the surface polarity of the substrate and the coating adhesion. The above substrate can be glass.

[0180] 2. Slurry mixing

[0181] Mix the pretreated nanoparticle suspension and the PDMS prepolymer in a 1:1 ratio to form the final coating slurry. First, stir at a low speed (220 rpm, 12 minutes), and then maintain cyclic stirring (50 rpm) to prevent particle sedimentation and ensure the stability of the slurry.

[0182] 3. Spraying process

[0183] Use a 0.3 mm nozzle to spray at a pressure of 0.4 MPa, with a coating amount of 8 - 10 g / m 2 , ensuring uniform film thickness. Control the temperature at 25 ± 2 °C and the humidity ≤ 50% to avoid the influence of environmental factors on the film-forming quality of the coating.

[0184] III. Curing and post-treatment stage

[0185] 1. UV stepwise curing

[0186] Cure in three stages:

[0187] The first stage: a 365 nm medium-pressure mercury lamp with an energy of 150 mJ / cm 2 , to achieve preliminary cross-linking;

[0188] The second stage: a 254 nm UV LED with an energy of 100 mJ / cm 2 , to promote deep curing;

[0189] The third stage: a 365 nm UV LED with an energy of 100 mJ / cm 2 , to complete the final cross-linking.

[0190] It is necessary to cool down to below 40 °C by forced air cooling to prevent damage to the coating performance caused by high temperature.

[0191] 2. Thermal cross-linking enhancement

[0192] Bake at 80 °C for 20 minutes to strengthen the binding of the BTA-PDA complex to the substrate and improve the long-term anti-corrosion performance.

[0193] Specific implementation cases are as follows:

[0194] The implementation of the present invention demonstrates the application process and functions of the coating material through three application scenarios. These three scenarios are: 1. Antibacterial, insect-repellent, and corrosion-inhibiting; 2. Improvement of photocatalytic efficiency; 3. Multiple complex influencing conditions.

[0195] (1) Scenario one: Antibacterial, insect-repellent, and corrosion-inhibiting

[0196] For a certain photovoltaic power plant, due to high temperature and humidity (annual average humidity of 78% and above 35°C in summer), problems such as attachment of photovoltaic panel eggs, mold growth, and salt spray corrosion occurred. A PDMS / TiO2 / SiO2 multifunctional coating solution was adopted, integrating a superhydrophobic surface (contact angle ≥ 150°), photocatalytic self-cleaning (full-spectrum response quantum dots + TiO2), antibacterial and antifungal (nano-ZnO + plant essential oil microcapsules), and long-term corrosion protection (BTA-PDA complex) quadruple protection system. After implementation, the power generation efficiency increased by 18%, the first-year attenuation rate dropped to 1.5%, the cleaning cycle was extended from once a month to once a quarter, and the salt spray life reached 5,000 hours. At the same time, the use of chemical cleaners was reduced by 80%, promoting a 40% reduction in regional operation and maintenance costs. The coating provides an efficient protection solution for photovoltaic power plants in humid and hot regions through fluorescence quantum dot intelligent monitoring and acid rain resistance (pH 2.0), high temperature resistance (Tg ≥ 120°C) adaptation technologies.

[0197] (2) Scenario 2: The operating scenario has stubborn dust accumulation conditions such as oil stains

[0198] For a certain photovoltaic power plant in Gansu, due to high dust content (annual average concentration of PM10 is 300 μg / m 3 ) and "mud rain" in summer, which led to the problem of photovoltaic panel pollution, a PDMS / TiO2 / SiO2 multifunctional coating solution was adopted, integrating a superhydrophobic surface (contact angle ≥ 150°), photocatalytic self-cleaning (full-spectrum quantum dots + TiO2), anti-scaling technology (nano-SiO2 micro-nano structure), and low friction coefficient (≤ 0.1) quadruple protection system. The coating reduces dust attachment through electrostatic repulsion, photocatalytically decomposes organic matter to avoid the drying of "mud rain", and combines with micro-water cleaning (water consumption reduced by 70%), extending the cleaning cycle from twice a month to once a quarter and reducing the annual maintenance cost by 65%. Measured data shows that the light transmittance of the coating remains above 90%, the power generation efficiency increases by 12%, and at the same time, the use of chemical cleaners is reduced by 80%, achieving the dual optimization of efficient water resource utilization and power generation benefits. This solution provides a sustainable protection solution for photovoltaic power plants in arid and dusty regions through fluorescence quantum dot intelligent monitoring and temperature difference resistance (-40°C to 85°C) adaptation technologies.

[0199] (3) Mode 3: Large day-night temperature difference is prone to dew condensation conditions

[0200] In response to the problems of egg attachment, mold growth, and electrochemical corrosion caused by the superposition of viscous pollutants such as animal and vegetable oils and industrial oil stains near a photovoltaic plant in Hunan, combined with high temperature and high humidity (annual average humidity of 82%, above 40°C in summer), a PDMS / TiO2 / SiO2-based multifunctional coating solution is adopted, integrating a superhydrophobic and anti-adhesive surface (contact angle ≥ 155°, surface energy ≤ 12 mN / m), full-spectrum quantum dot photocatalytic self-cleaning (ZnSe quantum dots broaden the TiO2 response to 700 nm), nano-ZnO + plant essential oil microcapsule antibacterial and antifungal (E. coli killing rate ≥ 99.99%, antifungal grade 0), and BTA-PDA complex long-term corrosion protection quadruple protection system. Quantum dot-enhanced TiO2 rapidly decomposes oil stains under visible light (95% degradation rate in 4 hours), the slow release of plant essential oils inhibits the colonization of microorganisms in the oil film, and the BTA-PDA complex blocks the penetration of Cl-. After implementation, the power generation efficiency is increased by 22%, the adhesion amount of viscous pollutants is reduced by 85%, the cleaning cycle is extended from once a week to once every two months, and the annual maintenance cost is reduced by 78%, realizing the efficient decomposition of oil-based pollution and the long-term protection in complex environments. The coating provides a win-win solution for power generation benefits and environmental benefits of photovoltaic power stations in industrial pollution areas through fluorescence quantum dot intelligent monitoring and heat and humidity resistance (85°C / 85% RH, no failure in 2000 hours) technology.

[0201] In summary, the present invention achieves long-term cleaning of photovoltaic panels through a composite coating, extends the cleaning cycle of photovoltaic panels, and reduces water resource waste; and has good light transmittance without affecting the working efficiency of photovoltaic panels; the coating has multifunctional properties such as superhydrophobicity, photocatalysis, and antibacterial by adding multiple functional components, and is suitable for photovoltaic power stations in different climate zones; the coating does not contain materials harmful to the environment and has a stable structure, and is an environmentally friendly material; the preparation process is simple, and the coating and curing methods are easy, and it is applicable to most photovoltaic power stations.

[0202] The above content is only to illustrate the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby. Any modification made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a durable coating applicable to anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Add TiO2, SiO2, PEG–200, modified nano-ZnO, and plant essential oil microcapsules into a mixed solution composed of ethanol and water, then add the BTA-PDA complex, and successively perform ultrasonic dispersion, high-speed shear stirring, and centrifugation to prepare a nano-particle suspension; Mix PDMS prepolymer, photoinitiator, and crosslinking agent in a solvent, then add the quantum dot dispersion liquid, and then perform vacuum degassing to obtain a modified PDMS prepolymer; Mix equal masses of the nano-particle suspension and the modified PDMS prepolymer, and perform stepwise stirring to form a coating slurry; Perform plasma treatment on the substrate with an O2 / Ar mixed gas, spray the coating slurry on the substrate, and then successively perform UV stepwise curing and baking to obtain a durable coating.

2. The preparation method of the durable coating applicable to anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that, By mass percentage, the raw materials for preparing the nano-particle suspension are as follows: 14-15.4% of TiO2, 14-15.4% of SiO2, 0.8-1.2% of PEG-200, 2-3% of modified nano-ZnO, 0.1-0.5% of plant essential oil microcapsules, 64.2-68.8% of the mixed solution, and 0.3% of the BTA-PDA complex; Among them, the volume ratio of ethanol to water in the mixed solution is 3:

1.

3. The preparation method of the durable coating applicable to anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that, By mass percentage, BTA-PDA in the BTA-PDA complex is 0.3%, and ethanol is 99.7%; The preparation process of the BTA-PDA complex is as follows: Complex benzotriazole BTA and polydopamine PDA with a mass ratio of 1-2:1-2 to obtain BTA-PDA, and perform magnetic stirring to completely dissolve BTA-PDA in ethanol to form a BTA-PDA complex.

4. The preparation method of the durable coating applicable to anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that, By mass percentage, the raw materials for preparing the modified nano-ZnO are as follows: 2-3% of nano-ZnO, 96.5-97.5% of ethanol solution, and 0.5% of silane coupling agent KH570; The preparation process of the modified nano-ZnO is as follows: Add nano-ZnO into the ethanol solution, add silane coupling agent KH570, and successively perform ultrasonic dispersion, stirring reaction, centrifugation, washing, and drying to obtain modified nano-ZnO.

5. The preparation method of the durable coating applicable to anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant essential oil microcapsules are prepared from an oil phase and a water phase. The proportion of the oil phase in the total volume is 1.1%-1.5%, and the proportion of the water phase in the total volume is 98.5%-98.9%; Among them, the oil phase is formed by mixing and stirring plant essential oil and emulsifier Tween 80; the volume ratio of plant essential oil to emulsifier Tween 80 is 0.1-0.5:1; the plant essential oil is prepared by mixing lemon grass oil and peppermint oil at a volume ratio of 1:1; Among them, the water phase is prepared from chitosan and an acetic acid aqueous solution; the dosage ratio of chitosan to the acetic acid aqueous solution is 2-2.5 g:97.5-98 mL; The preparation process of the plant essential oil microcapsules is as follows: Mix the plant essential oil and emulsifier Tween 80, and perform high-speed stirring at a speed of 10000 rpm for 10 minutes to form an oil phase; Dissolve chitosan in the acetic acid aqueous solution to form a water phase; Drop the oil phase into the water phase and continue stirring for 30 minutes to form an emulsion; Add sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of the emulsion to 5-6, and stir for 1 hour to solidify chitosan to form microcapsules. After centrifugation, washing, and drying, plant essential oil microcapsules are obtained.

6. The preparation method of the durable coating applicable to anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that, In terms of mass percentage, the raw materials for preparing the modified PDMS prepolymer are as follows: 60-75% of PDMS prepolymer, 1.5-2.5% of photoinitiator, 2-4% of crosslinking agent, 18.1-36.3% of solvent, and 0.2-0.4% of quantum dot dispersion; Among them, the photoinitiator is Irgacure1173; the crosslinking agent is KH570; the solvent is toluene or xylene.

7. The preparation method of the durable coating applicable to anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that, In terms of mass percentage, the raw materials for preparing the quantum dot dispersion are as follows: 0.1-0.3% of ZnSe quantum dots, 0.2-0.4% of mercaptopropionic acid, and 99.5% of ethanol; The preparation process of the quantum dot dispersion is as follows: Dissolve ZnSe quantum dots and mercaptopropionic acid in ethanol, perform ultrasonic dispersion at 150-250W for 25-35 minutes, and then centrifuge at a speed of 2500-3500rpm to remove agglomerated particles for 5 minutes to obtain the quantum dot dispersion.

8. The preparation method of the durable coating applicable to anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of sequentially performing ultrasonic dispersion, high-speed shear stirring, and centrifugation is as follows: Perform ultrasonic dispersion at 250-350W for 30-60 minutes, then perform shear stirring at a speed of 1800-2200rpm for 14-17 minutes, and then centrifuge at a speed of 4500-5000rpm for 8-12 minutes; The conditions for vacuum degassing are as follows: Perform degassing at a vacuum degree of -0.1MPa for 15 minutes; The process of stepwise stirring is as follows: First, stir at a low speed of 180-220rpm for 8-12min, and then perform cyclic stirring at a speed of 30-50rpm; The process of UV stepwise curing includes three-stage curing sequentially performed at a temperature below 40°C. The process of the three-stage curing is as follows: The first stage uses a 365 nm medium-pressure mercury lamp with an energy density set at 150 mJ / cm 2 ; The second stage uses a 254 nm UV LED light source with the energy density controlled at 100 mJ / cm 2 ; The third stage uses a 365 nm UV LED light source with the energy density maintained at 100 mJ / cm 2 ; The baking temperature is 80°C, and the baking time is 20 minutes.

9. A durable coating suitable for anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels prepared by the method for preparing a durable coating suitable for anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Application of a durable coating suitable for anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels prepared by the method for preparing a durable coating suitable for anti-fouling of photovoltaic panels according to any one of claims 1 to 8 on a photovoltaic panel.

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