Formwork for concrete structure joint surface forming and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of concrete construction, in particular to a formwork for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure and a construction method.The formwork comprises a trepanning formwork body, the trepanning formwork body is used for forming the joint surface of first-stage concrete, a plurality of through holes are fully distributed in the trepanning formwork body, the trepanning formwork body is made of metal plates, the thickness of the trepanning formwork body is 0.1 mm-1 mm, and the thickness of the trepanning formwork body is 0.1 mm-1 mm; the distance between every two adjacent through holes is larger than or equal to the longest hole diameter of each through hole. When the slump of the first-stage concrete is configured to be 120mm-140mm, the longest aperture of the through hole is 2mm-4mm; when the slump of the first-stage concrete is configured to be 100mm-120mm, the longest aperture of the through hole is 4mm-6mm; when the slump of the first-stage concrete is configured to be 80mm-100mm, the longest aperture of the through hole is 6mm-8mm. By arranging the matching mode of the slump of the first-stage concrete and the longest aperture of the through hole, the situation that the first-stage concrete overflows after being embedded into the through hole is greatly reduced, the waste of the first-stage concrete is reduced, the solidification amount of the first-stage concrete after crossing the trepanning formwork is greatly reduced, subsequent demolding of the trepanning formwork is facilitated, and later-stage chiseling is not needed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of concrete construction, in particular to a formwork and a construction method for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure. Background Art

[0002] In some engineering structures, it is necessary to embed and install metal structures in concrete. Since the installation accuracy requirements of some metal structures are high, and it is costly to control the direct pouring of concrete to such high precision, the concrete is usually poured in stages. First, the first-stage concrete is poured as the installation foundation, and then the metal structure is fixedly installed on the first-stage concrete. Usually, the metal structure is fixedly connected to the first-stage concrete by embedding steel bars or embedded bolts. In this process, high-precision positioning connection of the metal structure can be achieved. Finally, the second-stage concrete is poured to fill the gap between the connection surface of the metal structure and the first-stage concrete, so as to achieve the high-precision embedding of the metal structure in the concrete structure. For example, the foundation reinforcement of mechanical equipment in factory buildings, the installation of bridge metal expansion joints, the installation of bridge or highway crash barriers, the installation of gate tracks at the lock head of a ship lock, etc.

[0003] For the joint surface between the first-stage concrete and the second-stage concrete, roughening treatment is usually required so that the first-stage concrete and the second-stage concrete can better combine to form a whole. In the prior art, the first-stage concrete is usually poured through an ordinary formwork, and the formed joint surface of the concrete is a smooth surface, and then the joint surface is roughened manually.

[0004] However, embedded steel bars or embedded bolts are generally provided at the joint surface, and holes need to be provided at the corresponding positions of the formwork. Concrete slurry is likely to overflow at the holes, affecting the appearance quality of the concrete, and the embedded steel bars or embedded bolts are likely to get stuck in the formwork, resulting in difficult formwork removal.

[0005] In addition, for the installation of the gate track of a ship lock, the height of the ship lock wall is relatively high (usually dozens of meters or even hundreds of meters). Manual roughening of the joint surface will bring a large amount of high-altitude operations, and a working platform needs to be erected, resulting in problems such as high working intensity, high risk, low efficiency, and high cost. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a formwork and a construction method for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure, aiming at the problems in the prior art that the embedded steel bars or embedded bolts at the joint surface between the first-stage concrete and the second-stage concrete are likely to get stuck in the formwork, resulting in difficult formwork removal, and at the same time, manual roughening of the joint surface has problems such as high working intensity, high risk, low efficiency, and high cost.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a formwork for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure, including a perforated formwork, which is used for forming the joint surface of the first-stage concrete. A number of through holes are densely arranged on the perforated formwork. The perforated formwork is made of a metal plate member, and the thickness of the perforated formwork is 0.1 mm to 1 mm. The distance between adjacent through holes is greater than or equal to the longest aperture of the through hole. When the slump of the first-stage concrete is configured to be 120 mm to 140 mm, the longest aperture of the through hole is 2 mm to 4 mm. When the slump of the first-stage concrete is configured to be 100 mm to 120 mm, the longest aperture of the through hole is 4 mm to 6 mm. When the slump of the first-stage concrete is configured to be 80 mm to 100 mm, the longest aperture of the through hole is 6 mm to 8 mm.

[0008] When using the formwork for forming the joint surface of the concrete structure according to the present invention, the perforated formwork is a metal plate member with a relatively thin thickness, having a light self-weight, being convenient for transportation and installation. With the distance between adjacent through holes being greater than or equal to the longest aperture of the through hole, the perforated formwork has a certain rigidity and can be used for form erection. By densely arranging the through holes on the perforated formwork, the concrete can be embedded into the through holes during pouring. After subsequent form removal, a concrete concave surface is formed at the position where the perforated formwork is located, and a concrete convex surface is formed at the position where the through holes are located. Thus, after the perforated formwork is demolded, the joint surface is directly formed into a densely distributed concave-convex surface, eliminating the need for later roughening, saving labor and time costs, and reducing the safety risk of high-altitude operations. By setting the above-mentioned matching method between the slump of the first-stage concrete and the longest aperture of the through hole, the overflow of the first-stage concrete after being embedded into the through hole is greatly reduced, the waste of the first-stage concrete is reduced, and the amount of the first-stage concrete solidifying after passing over the perforated formwork is greatly reduced, facilitating the subsequent demolding of the perforated formwork. The perforated formwork is a disposable consumable, and can be directly torn during form removal without considering subsequent reuse, thus not afraid of the problem of difficult demolding caused by being stuck by embedded parts. Through the close combination of the perforated formwork and the first-stage concrete, the phenomenon of mortar leakage is effectively avoided. The surface granularity and appearance quality of the first-stage concrete are good. The second-stage concrete can be firmly bonded with the first-stage concrete, with the strength meeting the standard and not easily having quality problems such as cracks, improving the construction quality. The formwork has a simple structure, is convenient to use, and has good effects.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the shape of the through hole is triangular, rectangular, rhombic, circular or elliptical.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the perforated formwork is made of a steel plate or an aluminum alloy plate, having a relatively large bearing capacity.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a construction method for forming a concrete structure joint surface, using the formwork for forming a concrete structure joint surface as described in any one of the above. The construction method includes the following steps: S1. Set the steel reinforcement cage and embedded steel bars of the first-stage concrete. The joint surface is vertically arranged, and the embedded steel bars extend out of the pouring range of the first-stage concrete. S2. Vertically set the perforated formwork at the position of the joint surface. The embedded steel bars pass through the perforated formwork, and a support frame is arranged on the back side of the perforated formwork. The support frame abuts against the perforated formwork. S3. Pour the first-stage concrete and cure it to form. S4. Remove the support frame and the perforated formwork, and the joint surface is formed.

[0012] Adopting the construction method for forming a concrete structure joint surface of the present invention, the perforated formwork is a thin metal plate part with light self-weight, convenient transportation and installation, having a certain stiffness and capable of being used for formwork erection. By using the support frame as the back rib of the perforated formwork, the anti-deformation ability of the perforated formwork is enhanced; the perforated formwork is fully covered with the through holes, facilitating the direct passing of the embedded steel bars; the perforated formwork is a disposable consumable, and can be directly torn during formwork removal without considering subsequent reuse, so there is no fear of the problem of difficult formwork removal caused by being stuck by the embedded parts; after demoulding through the perforated formwork, the joint surface is directly formed into a fully covered concave-convex surface, without the need for subsequent chiseling, saving labor and time costs, and reducing the safety risk of high-altitude operations; by setting the above-mentioned matching method of the slump of the first-stage concrete and the longest hole diameter of the through holes, the overflow of the first-stage concrete after being embedded in the through holes is greatly reduced, the waste of the first-stage concrete is reduced, and the amount of the first-stage concrete solidifying after passing over the perforated formwork is greatly reduced, facilitating the subsequent demoulding of the perforated formwork; through the close combination of the perforated formwork and the first-stage concrete, the phenomenon of slurry leakage is effectively avoided, the surface granularity and appearance quality of the first-stage concrete are good, the second-stage concrete can be firmly bonded to the first-stage concrete, the strength meets the standard, and quality problems such as cracks are not easy to occur, improving the construction quality; the method has simple steps, convenient operation and good effects.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S2, the support frame is tied and fixed to the embedded steel bars.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S2, the support frame includes a vertical back rib and a horizontal back rib. The vertical back rib is arranged along the vertical direction of the joint surface, and the horizontal back rib is arranged along the horizontal direction of the joint surface. The vertical back rib and the horizontal back rib are connected to form a grid support.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S2, the support frame is made of section steel.

[0016] As a further preferred technical solution of the present invention, the section steel is I-beam or channel steel.

[0017] In the third aspect, for some cantilevered concrete structures, such as corbel structures, the bottom surface of the cantilever may also serve as the joint surface. At this time, if the method of using the perforated formwork to be back-attached to the support frame is still used as the forming formwork, due to the self-weight of the poured concrete, the perforated formwork needs to bear a large amount of concrete gravity. The support frame does not fit all parts of the perforated formwork, and the perforated formwork corresponding to the hollow part of the support frame is prone to deformation or even cracking under the action of concrete gravity, leading to quality accidents and even safety accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to consider using a flat support formwork to replace the support frame, and the whole is attached to the back side of the perforated formwork to form an effective support.

[0018] Subsequently, there are problems with the installation and removal of the support formwork; in the prior art, the method of setting up a full hall support is mostly used to support the support formwork. However, for corbel structures with a relatively high height, the full hall support is not only cumbersome and time-consuming in the construction process, but also has a relatively high safety risk; when removing the formwork, since the crane can only provide an upward lifting force, it is difficult to effectively restrain the support formwork at the joint surface of the corbel structure, and there is a problem of difficult formwork removal.

[0019] Based on this, the present invention also provides a construction method for forming the joint surface of a concrete structure, using the formwork for forming the joint surface of a concrete structure as described in any one of the above. The construction method includes the following steps: R1. The first-stage concrete includes a corbel structure, the corbel structure is located at the top of the first-stage concrete, the joint surface of the corbel structure is an inclined surface or a stepped surface, and the first-stage concrete is poured to the bottom of the corbel structure and cured to form. R2. Set the perforated formwork at the joint surface position, set a steel formwork on the back side of the perforated formwork, the steel formwork abuts against the perforated formwork, the steel formwork is connected and fixed to the embedded parts of the first-stage concrete through a pull rope, set a buried pipe passing through the perforated formwork and abutting against the steel formwork, a traction rope is arranged in the buried pipe, the traction rope is connected to the steel formwork, and the top end of the buried pipe exceeds the top surface of the corbel structure. R3. Pour the corbel structure and cure to form. R4. Fix a traction component at the top of the corbel structure, connect the traction rope to the traction component, connect the top of the steel formwork through a lifting rope, the traction rope and the lifting rope are stressed, release the fixation of the pull rope and the steel formwork, and the steel formwork disengages from the perforated formwork under its own weight. R5. The sling hoists the steel formwork horizontally away from the perforated formwork, and the towing rope is lengthened to keep the steel formwork stable during the movement. R6. The sling remains stationary, the towing rope is further lengthened, and the steel formwork rotates until the center of gravity of the steel formwork lies on the extension line of the sling. R7. The connection between the towing rope and the towing component is released, the sling lifts the steel formwork, the perforated formwork is removed, and the joint surface is formed.

[0020] Adopting the construction method for forming the joint surface of a concrete structure described in the present invention, the perforated formwork is supported by the steel formwork, so that the perforated formwork can overcome the self-weight of the concrete and will not be damaged; when removing the formwork, the steel formwork can effectively separate from the perforated formwork by its own weight; by setting the towing rope to connect the steel formwork and passing the towing rope through the embedded pipe, after the corbel structure is poured, the towing component is fixed at the top and the towing rope is connected, the steel formwork can be tractionally constrained to avoid the steel formwork from shaking when the sling lifts the steel formwork; through the cooperation of the sling and the towing rope, the steel formwork can be lifted in a controlled manner to avoid safety accidents; this method has simple steps, convenient operation and good effects.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step R2, the embedded pipe is arranged vertically or obliquely away from the steel formwork.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step R2, the embedded pipe is made of a plastic pipe.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step R2, the embedded part is an embedded steel bar, the embedded steel bar is arranged on the top of the already poured first-stage concrete, and pull ropes are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the embedded steel bar. One side of the pull rope is connected to the steel formwork, and the other side of the pull rope is connected to the embedded nail on the first-stage concrete.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step R4, a fixed pulley is fixedly arranged on the top of the corbel structure at the embedded pipe, and the towing rope passes around the fixed pulley and is connected to the towing component.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step R1, the joint surface is arranged vertically for the first-stage concrete below the corbel structure.

[0026] As a further preferred technical solution of the present invention, the vertical joint surface is formed by the perforated formwork and the support frame.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, when pouring the second-stage concrete, the embedded pipe is blocked with the second-stage concrete.

[0028] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. For the formwork for forming the joint surface of the concrete structure described in the present invention, the perforated formwork is a thin metal plate member with a light self-weight, which is convenient for transportation and installation. The spacing between adjacent through holes is greater than or equal to the longest hole diameter of the through holes, so that the perforated formwork has a certain stiffness and can be used for formwork erection. By arranging the through holes all over the perforated formwork, the concrete can be embedded into the through holes during pouring. After subsequent formwork removal, a concrete concave surface is formed at the position of the perforated formwork, and a concrete convex surface is formed at the position of the through holes, so that the joint surface is directly formed into a full-covered concave-convex surface after the perforated formwork is removed, without the need for later chiseling, saving labor and time costs, and reducing the safety risk of high-altitude operations; by setting the above-mentioned matching method of the slump of the first-stage concrete and the longest hole diameter of the through holes, the overflow of the first-stage concrete after being embedded into the through holes is greatly reduced, the waste of the first-stage concrete is reduced, and the amount of the first-stage concrete solidifying after passing over the perforated formwork is greatly reduced, which is convenient for subsequent formwork removal of the perforated formwork; the perforated formwork is a disposable consumable, and can be directly torn during formwork removal without considering subsequent reuse, so it is not afraid of the problem of difficult formwork removal caused by being stuck by embedded parts; through the close combination of the perforated formwork and the first-stage concrete, the phenomenon of slurry leakage is effectively avoided, the surface granularity and appearance quality of the first-stage concrete are good, the second-stage concrete can be firmly bonded to the first-stage concrete, the strength meets the standard, and quality problems such as cracks are not likely to occur, improving the construction quality; the formwork has a simple structure, is easy to use, and has good effects; 2. A construction method for forming a concrete structure joint surface. The opening formwork is a thin metal plate with light self-weight, convenient for transportation and installation, having certain rigidity and capable of being used as a standing formwork. The support frame is used as the backing rib of the opening formwork to enhance the anti-deformation ability of the opening formwork; the opening formwork is fully covered with the through holes, facilitating the direct passing of the embedded steel bars; the opening formwork is a disposable consumable, which can be directly torn during formwork removal without considering subsequent reuse, so it is not afraid of the problem of difficult formwork removal caused by being stuck by the embedded parts; after the formwork is removed through the opening formwork, the joint surface is directly formed into a fully covered concave-convex surface, without the need for subsequent chiseling, saving labor and time costs, and reducing the safety risk of high-altitude operations; by setting the above-mentioned matching method of the slump of the first-stage concrete and the longest aperture of the through hole, the overflow of the first-stage concrete into the through hole is greatly reduced, the waste of the first-stage concrete is reduced, and the amount of the first-stage concrete solidifying after passing over the opening formwork is greatly reduced, facilitating the subsequent formwork removal of the opening formwork; through the close combination of the opening formwork and the first-stage concrete, the phenomenon of slurry leakage is effectively avoided, the surface granularity and appearance quality of the first-stage concrete are good, the second-stage concrete can be firmly bonded to the first-stage concrete, the strength meets the standard, and quality problems such as cracks are not likely to occur, improving the construction quality; this method has simple steps, convenient operation and good effects. 3. A construction method for forming a concrete structure joint surface. The opening formwork is supported by the steel formwork, so that the opening formwork can overcome the self-weight of the concrete and will not be damaged; during formwork removal, the steel formwork can be effectively separated from the opening formwork by its own weight; by setting the towing rope to connect the steel formwork and the towing rope passes through the embedded pipe, after the corbel structure is poured, the towing part is fixed at the top and the towing rope is connected, and the steel formwork can be towed and restricted to avoid the steel formwork shaking when the lifting rope lifts the steel formwork; through the cooperation of the lifting rope and the towing rope, the steel formwork can be lifted in a controlled manner to avoid safety accidents; this method has simple steps, convenient operation and good effects. Description of the Drawings

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the opening formwork; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the use of the opening formwork; Figure 3 For Figure 2 right view; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the joint surface of the concrete structure after the opening formwork is removed; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the standing formwork of the non-corbel part of the first-stage concrete structure with a corbel structure; Figure 6It is a schematic structural diagram of the non-corbel part of the first-stage concrete structure with a corbel structure; Figure 7 It is a formwork erection schematic diagram of the corbel part of the first-stage concrete structure with a corbel structure; Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the corbel part of the first-stage concrete structure with a corbel structure; Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of steel formwork removal Figure 1 ; Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of steel formwork removal Figure 2 ; Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of steel formwork removal Figure 3 ; Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the joint surface of the first-stage concrete structure with a corbel structure.

[0030] Markings in the figure: 1 - Opening formwork, 11 - Through hole; 2 - Support frame, 21 - Vertical backing, 22 - Horizontal backing; 3 - First-stage concrete, 31 - Embedded steel bar, 32 - Embedded steel rod, 33 - Embedded bolt; 4 - Joint surface; 5 - Steel formwork, 51 - Pull rope; 6 - Embedded pipe, 61 - Traction rope; 7 - Traction component, 71 - Fixed pulley; 8 - Lifting rope. Specific implementation manners

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below in combination with test examples and specific implementation manners. However, it should not be understood that the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. All technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, without special explanation, the expression terms indicating the orientation or positional relationship such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "center", "inner", "outer", etc. are all based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship when the invention product / device / device is commonly used. These orientation or positional relationship terms are only for the convenience of describing the solution of the present invention or simplifying the description in the specific embodiments, so as to facilitate technicians to quickly understand the solution, rather than indicating or implying that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0033] In addition, when terms such as "horizontal", "vertical", "hanging", "parallel" appear, it does not mean that the corresponding device / component / element is required to be absolutely horizontal or vertical or hanging or parallel, but it can be slightly inclined or deviated. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and it does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but it can be slightly inclined. Or, it can be simply understood that the corresponding device / component / element is arranged in directions such as "horizontal", "vertical", "hanging", "parallel", etc., and can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction setting, more preferably an error / deviation within ±8%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±6%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±5%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the solution of the present invention.

[0034] In addition, when expressions such as "first", "second", "third", etc. appear in the terms, they are only used to distinguish the description of the same or similar components, and should not be understood as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of specific components.

[0035] In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "multiple", "a number of" represent at least 2. It can be any situation such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, etc., and even can be a situation exceeding 9.

[0036] In addition, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified / defined / restricted, when terms such as "set", "installed", "connected", "linked", "provided with", "laid", "arranged" appear, they should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be connection means commonly used in the art such as welding, riveting, bolting, threaded connection, etc. Such a connection can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection or a communication connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication inside two elements.

[0037] In the related art, taking a certain lock project as an example, the overhaul gate slot is located at the lower lock head, with dimensions of 2m × 0.6m × 42m (length × width × height), the accident gate slot is located at the upper lock head, with dimensions of 2.6m × 0.8m × 42m (length × width × height), the bottom of the miter gate slot is located on both sides of the lock head side piers, and the two sides are symmetrically distributed according to the center line of the lock; the existing technical means use ordinary templates for the construction and forming of the joint surface between the first-stage concrete and the second-stage concrete. The joint surface is a smooth surface and requires manual chiseling operation on the joint surface; the embedded steel bars or embedded bolts therein are likely to get stuck in the template, resulting in difficult template removal. At the same time, manual chiseling of the joint surface has high labor intensity, high risk, low efficiency, and high cost. In addition, for some cantilevered concrete structures, such as corbel structures, effective support can be formed by using supporting templates instead of support frames. However, on the inclined or stepped cantilever bottom surface of the corbel structure, the installation and removal of the supporting templates are both relatively difficult. For this reason, the technical solution of this application is thus generated. The following will be described in conjunction with Figures 1 to 12 for elaboration.

[0038] Example 1 As Figures 1 to 4 shown, a template for forming the joint surface of a concrete structure according to the present invention includes an opening template 1. The opening template 1 is made of a metal plate, such as a steel plate or an aluminum alloy plate, and has a relatively large bearing capacity. The thickness of the opening template 1 is 0.1 mm to 1 mm. Refer to Figure 1 , a number of through holes 11 are densely arranged on the opening template 1. The shape of the through holes 11 is triangular, rectangular, rhombic, circular or elliptical, and the distance between adjacent through holes 11 is greater than or equal to the longest aperture of the through holes 11.

[0039] As Figures 2 to 4 shown, the opening template 1 is used for forming the joint surface 4 of the first-stage concrete 3. When the slump of the first-stage concrete 3 is configured to be 120 mm to 140 mm, the longest aperture of the through holes 11 is 2 mm to 4 mm; when the slump of the first-stage concrete 3 is configured to be 100 mm to 120 mm, the longest aperture of the through holes 11 is 4 mm to 6 mm; when the slump of the first-stage concrete 3 is configured to be 80 mm to 100 mm, the longest aperture of the through holes 11 is 6 mm to 8 mm.

[0040] In some optional embodiments, the opening template 1 is a unidirectionally stretched mesh structure made of hot-dip galvanized steel plate. During the concrete pouring process, the cement slurry in the concrete will penetrate into the through holes 11 to form a mechanical anchoring system that is tightly combined with the concrete.

[0041] A formwork for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure according to this embodiment. The perforated formwork 1 is a thin metal plate member with a light self-weight, which is convenient for transportation and installation. The spacing between adjacent through holes 11 is greater than or equal to the longest aperture of the through hole 11, so that the perforated formwork 1 has a certain rigidity and can be used for formwork erection.

[0042] A formwork for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure according to this embodiment. By arranging the through holes 11 all over the perforated formwork 1, concrete can be embedded in the through holes 11 during pouring. After the formwork is removed later, a concrete concave surface is formed at the position of the perforated formwork 1, and a concrete convex surface is formed at the position of the through holes 11. Thus, after the perforated formwork 1 is demoulded, the joint surface 4 is directly formed into a full-covered concave-convex surface, without the need for later chiseling, saving labor and time costs, and reducing the safety risk of high-altitude operations.

[0043] A formwork for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure according to this embodiment. By setting the above-mentioned matching method of the slump of the first-stage concrete 3 and the longest aperture of the through hole 11, the overflow of the first-stage concrete 3 after being embedded in the through hole 11 is greatly reduced, the waste of the first-stage concrete 3 is reduced, and the amount of the first-stage concrete 3 solidifying after passing over the perforated formwork 1 is greatly reduced, which is convenient for the subsequent demoulding of the perforated formwork 1.

[0044] A formwork for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure according to this embodiment. The perforated formwork 1 is a disposable consumable, which can be directly torn during demoulding without considering subsequent reuse, so it is not afraid of the problem of difficult demoulding caused by being stuck by embedded parts.

[0045] A formwork for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure according to this embodiment. Through the close combination of the perforated formwork 1 and the first-stage concrete 3, the phenomenon of slurry leakage is effectively avoided. The surface granularity and appearance quality of the first-stage concrete 3 are good. The second-stage concrete can be firmly bonded to the first-stage concrete 3, with the strength meeting the standard and not easily having quality problems such as cracks, improving the construction quality.

[0046] A formwork for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure according to the embodiment. This formwork has a simple structure, is easy to use, and has good effects.

[0047] Embodiment 2 As Figures 1 to 4 shown, a construction method for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure according to the present invention uses the formwork for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure as described in Embodiment 1. This construction method includes the following steps: S1. Set the steel cage and embedded steel bars 31 of the first-stage concrete 3. The joint surface 4 is vertically arranged, and the embedded steel bars 31 extend out of the pouring range of the first-stage concrete 3.

[0048] S2. Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 . Vertically install the opening formwork 1 as shown in Figure 1 at the position of the joint surface 4. The adjacent opening formworks 1 are overlapped and can be tied with iron wires. The embedded steel bars 31 pass through the opening formwork 1, and a support frame 2 is arranged on the back side of the opening formwork 1. The support frame 2 abuts against the opening formwork 1. The support frame 2 includes a vertical back rib 21 and a horizontal back rib 22. The vertical back rib 21 is arranged vertically along the joint surface 4, and the horizontal back rib 22 is arranged horizontally along the joint surface 4. The vertical back rib 21 and the horizontal back rib 22 are connected to form a grid support. The support frame 2 is made of section steel, such as I-beam or channel steel. The section steel has good rigidity and can form an effective support plane for the relatively high opening formwork 1. The support frame 2 and the embedded steel bars 31 can be fixed by tying with iron wires.

[0049] S3. Pour the first-stage concrete 3. Due to the relationship between the slump of the configured first-stage concrete 3 and the longest hole diameter of the through holes 11 on the opening formwork 1, the first-stage concrete 3 can be embedded into the through holes 11 and is not easy to overflow. The opening formwork 1 and the support frame 2 also have sufficient rigidity to support the poured first-stage concrete 3, and then cure the first-stage concrete 3 to form.

[0050] S4. Refer to Figure 4 . Remove the support frame 2, and then tear off the opening formwork 1 on the surface of the joint surface 4. Since the opening formwork 1 is relatively thin and is easy to tear, after tearing off the opening formwork 1, the joint surface 4 is directly formed without secondary processing.

[0051] For a construction method for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure according to this embodiment, the opening formwork 1 is a thin metal plate part with light self-weight, convenient transportation and installation, and has a certain rigidity and can be used for formwork erection. By using the support frame 2 as the back rib of the opening formwork 1, the anti-deformation ability of the opening formwork 1 is enhanced.

[0052] For a construction method for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure according to this embodiment, the opening formwork 1 is fully covered with the through holes 11, which is convenient for the direct passing of the embedded steel bars 31.

[0053] For a construction method for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure according to this embodiment, the opening formwork 1 is a disposable consumable and can be directly torn off during formwork removal without considering subsequent reuse, so there is no fear of the problem of difficult formwork removal caused by being stuck by embedded parts.

[0054] A construction method for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure according to this embodiment. After the opening formwork 1 is demolded, the joint surface 4 is directly formed into a full-covered concave-convex surface, eliminating the need for post-construction roughening, saving labor and time costs, and reducing the safety risks of high-altitude operations.

[0055] A construction method for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure according to this embodiment. By setting the cooperation mode between the slump of the first-stage concrete 3 and the longest hole diameter of the through holes 11, the overflow of the first-stage concrete 3 after being embedded in the through holes 11 is greatly reduced, the waste of the first-stage concrete 3 is reduced, and the amount of the first-stage concrete 3 solidifying after passing over the opening formwork 1 is greatly reduced, facilitating the subsequent demolding of the opening formwork 1.

[0056] A construction method for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure according to this embodiment. Through the close combination of the opening formwork 1 and the first-stage concrete 3, the phenomenon of slurry leakage is effectively avoided. The surface granularity and appearance quality of the first-stage concrete 3 are good. The second-stage concrete can be firmly bonded to the first-stage concrete 3, with the strength meeting the standard and being not prone to quality problems such as cracks, improving the construction quality.

[0057] A construction method for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure according to this embodiment. The opening formwork 1 needs to be removed to avoid the possible rusting of the opening formwork 1 when the concrete structure comes into contact with water later, which may cause the risk of a decrease in the strength of the concrete structure. This method has simple steps, convenient operation, and good effects.

[0058] Embodiment 3 As Figures 5 to 12 shown, a construction method for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure according to the present invention uses the formwork for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure as described in Embodiment 1. This construction method includes the following steps: R1. Refer to Figure 5 , the first-stage concrete 3 includes a cantilevered corbel structure, the corbel structure is located at the top of the first-stage concrete 3, the joint surface 4 of the first-stage concrete 3 below the corbel structure is vertically arranged, and the joint surface 4 of the corbel structure is an inclined surface or a stepped surface; the first-stage concrete 3 is poured to the bottom of the corbel structure and cured and formed. During pouring, embedded bolts 33 are arranged at the top of the vertical joint surface 4, and embedded steel bars 32 are arranged at the top of the poured first-stage concrete 3. The embedded steel bars 32 are vertically arranged; the vertical joint surface 4 is formed by the opening formwork 1 and the support frame 2 as in Embodiment 2.

[0059] In some alternative embodiments, at least two rows of the embedded bolts 33 are arranged vertically.

[0060] In some alternative embodiments, refer to Figure 6, the opening formwork 1 is vertically arranged separately in the area of the embedded bolt 33, so that the opening formwork 1 in the area of the embedded bolt 33 can be retained when the vertical joint surface 4 is removed from the formwork.

[0061] R2. See Figure 7 , the opening formwork 1 is arranged at the joint surface 4 of the corbel structure, and it overlaps with the opening formwork 1 in the area of the embedded bolt 33; a steel formwork 5 is arranged on the back side of the opening formwork 1, the bottom of the steel formwork 5 is vertically arranged, the upper part of the steel formwork 5 fits the joint surface 4 of the corbel structure, the steel formwork 5 abuts against the opening formwork 1, the bottom of the steel formwork 5 is provided with an opening and cooperates with the embedded bolt 33, and the bottom of the steel formwork 5 is fastened to the embedded bolt 33 by a nut; the upper part of the steel formwork 5 is connected and fixed to the embedded steel bar 32 by a plurality of stay ropes 51, the stay ropes 51 are respectively arranged on the opposite two sides of the embedded steel bar 32, and the stay ropes 51 on the other side are connected to the embedded nails on the first-stage concrete 3; a pre-embedded pipe 6 is arranged to pass through the opening formwork 1 and abut against the steel formwork 5, and the pre-embedded pipe 6 is made of a plastic pipe, such as a PVC pipe; a traction rope 61 is arranged in the pre-embedded pipe 6, the traction rope 61 is connected to the steel formwork 5, and the top of the pre-embedded pipe 6 exceeds the top surface of the corbel structure.

[0062] In some optional embodiments, the pre-embedded pipe 6 is vertically arranged or obliquely arranged away from the steel formwork 5.

[0063] R3. See Figure 8 , the corbel structure is poured and cured to form.

[0064] R4. See Figure 9 , a traction component 7 is fixedly arranged on the top of the corbel structure, a fixed pulley 71 is fixedly arranged on the top of the corbel structure at the position of the pre-embedded pipe 6, the traction rope 61 bypasses the fixed pulley 71 and is connected to the traction component 7, the top of the steel formwork 5 is connected by a lifting rope 8, the traction rope 61 and the lifting rope 8 are stressed, and the fixing of the stay rope 51 and the steel formwork 5 is released; the steel formwork 5 disengages from the opening formwork 1 under its own weight.

[0065] R5. See Figure 10 , the lifting rope 8 hoists the steel formwork 5 to move horizontally away from the opening formwork 1, and the traction rope 61 is lengthened to keep the steel formwork 5 stable during the moving process.

[0066] R6. See Figure 11 , the lifting rope 8 remains stationary, the traction rope 61 continues to be lengthened, and the steel formwork 5 rotates until the center of gravity of the steel formwork 5 is located on the extension line of the lifting rope 8.

[0067] R7. SeeFigure 12 , disconnect the connection between the towing rope 61 and the towing component 7, lift the lifting rope 8 upward from the steel formwork 5, remove the opening formwork 1, and form the joint surface 4 of the corbel structure.

[0068] In some alternative embodiments, when casting the secondary concrete, the embedded pipe 6 is blocked with the secondary concrete.

[0069] In the construction method for forming the joint surface of a concrete structure described in this embodiment, by arranging the embedded bolts 33 and the embedded steel bars 32 on the primary concrete 3 below the corbel structure, the steel formwork 5 can be hoisted into place and connected to the aforementioned embedded parts, and the steel formwork 5 can be effectively fixed, so that it is not necessary to support the steel formwork 5 in the way of a full hall scaffold.

[0070] In the construction method for forming the joint surface of a concrete structure described in this embodiment, the opening formwork 1 is supported by the steel formwork 5, so that the opening formwork 1 can overcome the self-weight of the concrete and will not be damaged; when removing the formwork, the opening formwork 1 can be effectively separated from the steel formwork 5 by the self-weight of the steel formwork 5.

[0071] In the construction method for forming the joint surface of a concrete structure described in this embodiment, by arranging the towing rope 61 to connect the steel formwork 5 and the towing rope 61 to pass through the embedded pipe 6, after the corbel structure is cast, the towing component 7 is fixed at the top and connected to the towing rope 61, and the steel formwork 5 can be tractionally constrained to prevent the steel formwork 5 from shaking when the lifting rope 8 hoists the steel formwork 5.

[0072] In the construction method for forming the joint surface of a concrete structure described in this embodiment, through the cooperation of the lifting rope 8 and the towing rope 61, the steel formwork 5 can be hoisted away in a controlled manner to avoid safety accidents.

[0073] In the construction method for forming the joint surface of a concrete structure described in this embodiment, the method steps are simple, the operation is convenient, and the effect is good.

[0074] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A formwork for the formation of the joint surface of a concrete structure, characterized in that, It includes an opening template (1) which is used for forming the joint surface (4) of the first-stage concrete (3). A number of through holes (11) are densely arranged on the opening template (1). The opening template (1) is made of a metal plate, and the thickness of the opening template (1) is 0.1 mm to 1 mm. The distance between adjacent through holes (11) is greater than or equal to the longest aperture of the through hole (11). When the slump of the first-stage concrete (3) is configured to be 120 mm to 140 mm, the longest aperture of the through hole (11) is 2 mm to 4 mm. When the slump of the first-stage concrete (3) is configured to be 100 mm to 120 mm, the longest aperture of the through hole (11) is 4 mm to 6 mm. When the slump of the first-stage concrete (3) is configured to be 80 mm to 100 mm, the longest aperture of the through hole (11) is 6 mm to 8 mm.

2. The formwork for forming the joint surface of a concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein The shape of the through hole (11) is triangular, rectangular, rhombic, circular or elliptical.

3. The formwork for forming the joint surface of the concrete structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The opening template (1) is made of a steel plate or an aluminum alloy plate.

4. A construction method for forming a joint surface of a concrete structure, characterized in that, Using the template for forming the joint surface of the concrete structure as described in any one of claims 1-3, the construction method includes the following steps: S1. Set the embedded steel bars (31) of the first-stage concrete (3). The joint surface (4) is set vertically, and the embedded steel bars (31) extend out of the pouring range of the first-stage concrete (3). S2. Vertically set the opening template (1) at the position of the joint surface (4). The embedded steel bars (31) pass through the opening template (1), and a support frame (2) is set on the back side of the opening template (1). The support frame (2) abuts against the opening template (1). S3. Pour the first-stage concrete (3) and cure it to form. S4. Remove the support frame (2) and the opening template (1), and the joint surface (4) is formed.

5. The construction method for forming a concrete structure joint surface according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2, the support frame (2) is tied and fixed to the embedded steel bars (31).

6. The construction method for forming the bonding surface of a concrete structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2, the support frame (2) includes a vertical backing strip (21) and a horizontal backing strip (22).

7. The construction method for forming the joint surface of a concrete structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2, the support frame (2) is made of a section steel.

8. The construction method for forming the joint surface of a concrete structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The section steel is an I-beam or a channel steel.

9. A construction method for forming a bonding surface of a concrete structure, characterized in that, Using the template for forming the joint surface of the concrete structure as described in any one of claims 1-3, the construction method includes the following steps: R1. The first-stage concrete (3) includes a corbel structure. The corbel structure is located at the top of the first-stage concrete (3). The joint surface (4) of the corbel structure is an inclined surface or a stepped surface. Pour the first-stage concrete (3) to the bottom of the corbel structure and cure it to form. R2. Set the opening template (1) at the position of the joint surface (4), set a steel formwork (5) on the back side of the opening template (1), the steel formwork (5) abuts against the opening template (1), the steel formwork (5) is connected and fixed to the embedded parts of the first-stage concrete (3) through guy ropes (51), set a buried pipe (6) to pass through the opening template (1) and abut against the steel formwork (5), a towing rope (61) is arranged in the buried pipe (6), the towing rope (61) connects the steel formwork (5), and the top end of the buried pipe (6) exceeds the top surface of the corbel structure; R3. Pour the corbel structure and cure it to form; R4. Fix a towing component (7) on the top of the corbel structure, the towing rope (61) connects the towing component (7), connect the top of the steel formwork (5) through a lifting rope (8), the towing rope (61) and the lifting rope (8) are stressed, release the fixation of the guy rope (51) and the steel formwork (5), and the steel formwork (5) disengages from the opening template (1) under its own weight; R5. The lifting rope (8) hoists the steel formwork (5) to move horizontally away from the opening template (1), the towing rope (61) is lengthened, and the stability of the steel formwork (5) during the movement is maintained; R6. The lifting rope (8) remains stationary, the towing rope (61) continues to be lengthened, and the steel formwork (5) rotates until the center of gravity of the steel formwork (5) is on the extension line of the lifting rope (8); R7. Release the connection between the towing rope (61) and the towing component (7), the lifting rope (8) hoists away the steel formwork (5), remove the opening template (1), and the joint surface (4) is formed.

10. The construction method for forming a concrete structure joint surface according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step R2, the buried pipe (6) is arranged vertically or obliquely away from the steel formwork (5).

11. The construction method for forming the joint surface of a concrete structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step R2, the embedded part is an embedded steel bar (32), the embedded steel bar (32) is arranged on the top of the already poured first-stage concrete (3), guy ropes (51) are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the embedded steel bar (32), one side of the guy rope (51) connects the steel formwork (5), and the other side of the guy rope (51) connects the embedded nail on the first-stage concrete (3).

12. The construction method for forming the joint surface of a concrete structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step R4, a fixed pulley (71) is fixedly arranged on the top of the corbel structure at the position of the buried pipe (6), and the towing rope (61) bypasses the fixed pulley (71) to connect the towing component (7).

13. The construction method for forming the bonding surface of a concrete structure according to any one of claims 9-12, characterized in that, In step R1, the joint surface (4) is arranged vertically on the first-stage concrete (3) below the corbel structure.

14. The construction method for forming the joint surface of a concrete structure according to claim 13, characterized in that, The vertical joint surface (4) is formed by the opening template (1) and the support frame (2).

15. The construction method for forming the joint surface of a concrete structure according to any one of claims 9-12, characterized in that, When pouring the second-stage concrete, use the second-stage concrete to seal the buried pipe (6).

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