River-groundwater seepage simulation system and method considering seawater upstream influence

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of surface water-underground water simulation test devices, in particular to a river-underground water seepage simulation system and method considering seawater upstream influence. The system comprises an observation tank, and the observation tank comprises a seepage area in the middle in the transverse direction, and a salt water chamber and a fresh water chamber which are arranged on the two sides of the seepage area respectively; one peripheral wall of the observation groove forms an observation side peripheral wall of a transparent structure; the first water supply mechanism is used for inputting fresh water with a first color into the fresh water chamber; the second water supply mechanism is used for outputting fresh water; the tide generation device is used for simulating a tide generation process and outputting salt water with a second color; fresh water output by the second water supply mechanism and salt water output by the tide generation device are mixed in the mixing chamber and then input into the salt water chamber. The camera is used for shooting pictures displayed on the whole observation side peripheral wall in real time; the system does not simply simulate the influence of seawater on underground water, but comprehensively considers the influence of salt tide mixed with surface water on underground water, and is more practical.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of surface water-groundwater simulation test devices, and in particular to a river-groundwater seepage simulation system and method that takes into account the influence of seawater upstream. Background Art

[0002] Seawater intrusion is an environmental geological disaster. However, previous studies on seawater intrusion in aquifers have focused on the study area near the coastline. In addition to the seawater intrusion in the underground aquifers at the coastline, there is also the phenomenon of seawater upstream along the rivers entering the sea, that is, driven by multiple factors such as tides, seawater enters the estuary and upstream along the river to form salt tides, which pollute groundwater through the river bank. In recent years, studies have found that the salinity of salt tides in estuaries changes with tides. This salinity change will change the solute migration and water circulation between the surface water and the aquifer at the estuary, affect the distribution of salt water in the aquifer, and cause "deep" invasion of coastal aquifers, which will cause underground freshwater salinization and soil salinization, seriously threatening the coastal groundwater environment. The existing technology is limited to simulation experiments on the interaction between surface water and groundwater, and does not consider the impact of seawater upstream changes on surface water-groundwater seepage. Therefore, how to design a simulation system that can simulate and monitor the dynamic changes of surface water-groundwater processes under the influence of seawater upstream has become a technical problem that technicians in this field need to solve urgently. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve at least one of the technical problems mentioned in the background technology, the purpose of the present application is to provide a river-groundwater seepage simulation system and method taking into account the influence of seawater upstream.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions.

[0005] On the one hand, the present application provides a river-groundwater seepage simulation system considering the influence of seawater upstream, comprising: An observation trough, wherein the observation trough includes a seepage zone in the middle in the transverse direction, and a salt water chamber and a fresh water chamber respectively arranged on both sides of the seepage zone; the seepage zone is filled with a seepage medium; among the peripheral walls of the observation trough, at least one peripheral wall extends in the transverse direction to form an observation side peripheral wall, and the observation side peripheral wall is a transparent structure; A first water supply mechanism, used for inputting fresh water of a first color into the fresh water chamber to simulate groundwater; A second water supply mechanism for outputting fresh water to simulate surface water; A tidal generating device, comprising a driving mechanism and a first container for receiving salt water having a second color, the second color being different from the first color; the first container comprising a first water outlet; the driving mechanism being used to drive the water level in the first container to rise and fall periodically in the form of a sine wave; A mixing chamber, which includes an outlet communicating with the saltwater chamber. The mixing chamber is configured such that the fresh water output by the second water supply mechanism and the saltwater output by the first outlet enter the mixing chamber, mix therein, and then flow into the saltwater chamber through the outlet. A camera, whose lens faces the observation side wall for real-time shooting of the picture displayed on the entire observation side wall.

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present application are as follows: In the present application, by setting a tide generating device, the process of seawater tide generation can be simulated, so that saltwater (i.e., simulated seawater) is periodically input into the mixing chamber in the form of a sine wave to mix with the fresh water output by the second water supply mechanism. At this time, the tide generating device is equivalent to simulated seawater, the second water supply mechanism simulates estuary surface water, and the first water supply mechanism simulates groundwater.

[0007] By setting a mixing chamber, the saltwater output by the tide generating device and the fresh water output by the second water supply mechanism first pass through the mixing chamber for mixing and then enter the observation tank, so as to simulate the process of saltwater intrusion.

[0008] Since the fresh water output by the first water supply mechanism has a first color and the saltwater output by the tide generating device has a second color different from the first color, the diffusion distribution interface between the simulated saltwater and the simulated groundwater (i.e., the fresh water output by the first water supply mechanism) in the seepage area can be visually observed according to the color distribution. It is equivalent to realizing the tracing of the seepage interface through the change of color, and the change of this interface is recorded in real time by a camera, so as to show the influence of seawater upwelling change on the surface water-groundwater seepage.

[0009] It can be seen that the simulation system provided by the present application does not simply simulate the influence of seawater on groundwater, but comprehensively considers the influence of saltwater on groundwater after mixing with surface water, which is more in line with the actual situation.

[0010] As an optional implementation manner of the present application, the driving mechanism includes a saltwater tank for storing saltwater with a second color, a first pump, a return pipe, and a driving component. The first pump is used to pump the saltwater in the saltwater tank into the first container. The return pipe penetrates through the first container. One end of the return pipe is located inside the first container, and the other end is connected to the saltwater tank. The return pipe and the first container can move relatively vertically. The driving component is used to drive the return pipe and the first container to move relatively vertically in the form of a sine wave periodically.

[0011] As an optional implementation manner of the present application, the driving component includes a winch and a cable wound on the winch. The cable is fixed to the first container, and the first container is driven to move vertically relative to the return pipe by winding and unwinding the cable by the winch.

[0012] As an alternative embodiment of the present application, the mixing chamber has a cylindrical structure, and a spiral blade extending along the axial direction of the mixing chamber is provided in the mixing chamber; and / or a flow retardation member for slowing down the outflow speed of the liquid from the outlet of the mixing chamber is provided at the outlet of the mixing chamber.

[0013] As an alternative embodiment of the present application, a one-way valve is provided between the outlet of the mixing chamber and the salt water chamber, and the one-way valve is configured to unidirectionally allow the salt water output from the outlet of the mixing chamber to enter the salt water chamber.

[0014] As an alternative embodiment of the present application, a first sensor capable of detecting salinity is provided at the outlet of the mixing chamber; and / or a plurality of second sensors capable of detecting salinity are provided in the seepage zone.

[0015] As an alternative embodiment of the present application, the first water supply mechanism includes a first water tank for storing fresh water of a first color and a second pump for pumping the fresh water in the first water tank into the fresh water chamber; and / or the second water supply mechanism includes a second water tank for storing fresh water and a third pump for pumping the fresh water in the second water tank into the mixing chamber.

[0016] As an alternative embodiment of the present application, a pre-buried pipe for introducing pollutants is buried in the seepage medium of the seepage zone; or, the second water supply mechanism includes a second water tank for storing fresh water and a third pump for pumping the fresh water in the second water tank into the mixing chamber, and pollutants of a third color are mixed in the salt water tank or the second water tank; the third color is different from the first color and the second color.

[0017] As an alternative embodiment of the present application, overflow ports are provided on both the salt water chamber and the fresh water chamber.

[0018] On the other hand, the present application also provides a river-groundwater seepage simulation method considering the influence of seawater intrusion, and the method is carried out by using the above-mentioned river-groundwater seepage simulation system considering the influence of seawater intrusion; the method specifically includes the following steps: S1. Pre-saturation: Start the first water supply mechanism to continuously introduce fresh water of a first color into the fresh water chamber. S2. After the first water supply mechanism works for a period of time, start the tide generating device to allow the first container to introduce salt water of a second color into the mixing chamber, and start the second water supply mechanism to introduce fresh water into the mixing chamber; the salt water and fresh water introduced into the mixing chamber are mixed in the mixing chamber and then input into the salt water chamber through the outlet of the mixing chamber. S3. Use a camera to take pictures of the picture displayed on the observation side wall of the observation tank in real time.

[0019] Other advantages and effects of the present application are specifically explained in the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0020] It should be understood that the content described in this section is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present application, nor is it used to limit the scope of the present application. Other features of the present application will become readily understandable through the following description. Description of the Drawings

[0021] By referring to the drawings and reading the following detailed description, the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of the present application will become readily understandable. In the drawings, several embodiments of the present application are shown in an exemplary rather than restrictive manner, wherein: In the drawings, the same or corresponding reference numerals represent the same or corresponding parts.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of the present application is shown; Figure 2 A flowchart of the present application is shown; Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of the tide generating device of the present application is shown; Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of the mixing chamber of the present application is shown; Figure 5 An axial sectional view of the mixing chamber of the present application is shown.

[0023] Description of the reference numerals in the figures: 1. Observation tank; 11. Seepage area; 110. Embedded pipe; 111. Sampling port; 112. Second sensor; 12. Salt water chamber; 120. Second water inlet; 121. First overflow port; 13. Fresh water chamber; 130. First water inlet; 131. Second overflow port; 14. Stainless steel mesh; 2. First water supply mechanism; 21. First water tank; 22. Second pump; 3. Second water supply mechanism; 31. Second water tank; 32. Third pump; 33. Valve; 34. Flowmeter; 4. Camera; 5. Tide generating device; 51. First container; 511. First water outlet; 512. Water inlet; 52. Driving mechanism; 521. Salt water tank; 522. First pump; 523. Return pipe; 524. Driving assembly; 5241. Winch; 5242. Cable; 5243. Fixed pulley; 5244. Frame; 6. Cylinder; 60. Mixing chamber; 61. Output port; 62. First input port; 63. Second input port; 64. Spiral blade; 65. Flow rate reducing component; 66. Check valve; 67. First sensor. Detailed Embodiments

[0024] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] Embodiment 1 In the estuary area, driven by multiple factors such as tides, seawater enters the estuary and flows upstream along the river to form a saltwater intrusion. The saltwater intrusion pollutes the groundwater through the riverbank, seriously threatening the coastal groundwater environment. In recent years, studies have found that the salinity of the estuary saltwater intrusion will change with the tides. This salinity change will alter the solute transport and water cycle between the surface water and the aquifer in the estuary, affecting the distribution of saline water in the aquifer.

[0026] Therefore, it is necessary to fully consider the impact of the mixing of saltwater intrusion and surface river water on groundwater in the estuary. Based on this, this embodiment aims to provide a river-groundwater seepage simulation system that considers the impact of seawater intrusion, that is, to consider the impact of a river affected by saltwater intrusion on groundwater.

[0027] Combined with Figures 1-5 As shown, this system mainly includes an observation tank 1, a first water supply mechanism 2, a second water supply mechanism 3, a tide generating device 5, a mixing chamber 60, a camera 4, etc. The following will specifically explain each component.

[0028] As Figure 1 shown, the observation tank 1 includes a seepage area 11 in the middle along the transverse direction, and a saline water chamber 12 and a fresh water chamber 13 respectively provided on both sides of the seepage area 11; taking Figure 1 as an example, the transverse direction claimed in this embodiment can be understood as the length direction of the seepage tank, that is, the left-right direction. Specifically, the seepage area 11 is located in the middle of the observation tank 1, while the saline water chamber 12 is on the left side of the seepage area 11, and the fresh water chamber 13 is on the right side of the seepage area 11.

[0029] Among them, the seepage area 11 is filled with seepage medium. For example, a transparent porous medium prepared with 0.3 mm - 0.6 mm fused silica glass beads is filled to a height of 50 cm in the seepage area 11 and compacted in layers (spraying deionized water to saturation every 10 cm). At this time, the seepage area 11 filled with seepage medium is equivalent to simulating the estuary groundwater aquifer medium, and the subsequent saltwater intrusion simulation process is carried out in the seepage area 11.

[0030] In order to visually observe the images displayed on the interface of the seepage area 11 during the saltwater intrusion process, in this embodiment, among the peripheral walls of the observation tank 1, at least one peripheral wall extends horizontally to form an observation side peripheral wall, where the observation side peripheral wall is a transparent structure, and through the observation side peripheral wall, the seepage area 11, the saltwater chamber 12, and the freshwater chamber 13 can be observed.

[0031] As a specific implementation manner, the entire observation tank 1 is a transparent acrylic tank in the shape of a cuboid with a length of 2 m, a width of 0.5 m, and a height of 0.6 m; at this time, the entire observation tank 1 is a transparent structure, which includes four peripheral walls, and its front peripheral wall is selected as the observation side peripheral wall.

[0032] As Figure 1 shown, the inside of the observation tank 1 is divided into three areas by a 40-mesh stainless steel mesh 14: the saltwater chamber 12 (20 cm wide) on the left, the seepage area 11 (160 cm wide) in the middle, and the freshwater chamber 13 (20 cm wide) on the right. That is, among the saltwater chamber 12, the seepage area 11, and the freshwater chamber 13, a 40-mesh stainless steel mesh 14 is used as the boundary between adjacent two, so as to prevent the seepage medium in the seepage area 11 from collapsing into the saltwater chamber 12 and the freshwater chamber 13.

[0033] The lens of the camera 4 faces the observation side peripheral wall, that is, the lens of the camera 4 faces the front peripheral wall of the observation tank 1, and its shooting range includes at least the entire observation side peripheral wall; thus, the camera 4 can continuously shoot the images displayed on the entire observation side peripheral wall. It can be understood that since the observation side peripheral wall is transparent, the images displayed on the observation side peripheral wall are equivalent to the images of the saltwater chamber 12, the seepage area 11, and the freshwater chamber 13 on the observation side peripheral wall.

[0034] As Figure 1 shown, the first water supply mechanism 2 is used to input fresh water with a first color into the freshwater chamber 13 to simulate groundwater; in some embodiments, as Figure 2 shown, the first water supply mechanism 2 includes a first water tank 21 for storing fresh water with a first color and a second pump 22 for pumping the fresh water in the first water tank 21 into the freshwater chamber 13; as Figure 1 shown, a first water inlet 130 is provided at the bottom of the freshwater chamber 13, the water outlet end of the second pump 22 is communicated with the first water inlet 130, and the water inlet end of the second pump 22 is communicated with the first water tank 21. The second pump 22 pumps the fresh water in the first water tank 21 into the freshwater chamber 13, and the fresh water entering the freshwater chamber 13 will gradually seep into the seepage area 11, so as to simulate the groundwater distributed in the seepage area 11.

[0035] As Figure 1 shown, the second water supply mechanism 3 is used to output fresh water, and the fresh water it outputs is used to simulate surface water. In some embodiments, as Figure 2As shown, the second water supply mechanism 3 includes a second water tank 31 for storing fresh water and a third pump 32 for pumping the fresh water in the second water tank 31 into the mixing chamber 60. Specifically, the water inlet end of the third pump 32 is connected to the second water tank 31, and the water outlet end of the third pump 32 is connected to the mixing chamber 60.

[0036] Combined with Figure 3 As shown, the tide generating device 5 is mainly used to simulate seawater under the action of tides, that is, salt tide. Specifically, the tide generating device 5 includes a driving mechanism 52 and a first container 51 for receiving salt water with a second color. Here, the salt water mainly simulates seawater, and the second color is different from the first color; for example, the first color is red and the second color is yellowish green. Specifically, sodium fluorescein (50 mg / L) is added to the salt water; rhodamine B (10 mg / L) is added to the fresh water in the first water tank 21; so that the salt water (i.e., salt tide) output by the tide generating device 5 and the fresh water (i.e., groundwater) output by the first water tank 21 have different colors, so that the two-phase fluid interface can be observed according to the color distribution in the seepage zone 11 subsequently.

[0037] Among them, as Figure 3 As shown, a first water outlet 511 is provided at the bottom of the first container 51, and the first water outlet 511 is mainly used to output the salt water in the first container 51; the driving mechanism 52 is used to drive the water level in the first container 51 to rise and fall periodically in the form of a sine wave, that is, to simulate the seawater tide process.

[0038] In some embodiments, the specific structure of the tide generating device 5 is that the driving mechanism 52 includes a salt water tank 521, a first pump 522, a return pipe 523 and a driving assembly 524.

[0039] The salt water tank 521 is mainly used to store salt water with a second color, that is, sodium fluorescein (50 mg / L) is added to the salt water in the salt water tank 521 to make the salt water have a second color.

[0040] The water inlet end of the first pump 522 is connected to the salt water tank 521, and the water outlet end of the first pump 522 is connected to the water inlet 512 at the upper part of the first container 51. The salt water in the salt water tank 521 is pumped into the first container 51 through the first pump 522.

[0041] In some embodiments, the first container 51 is integrally in a cylindrical structure with an open upper end and a closed lower end; the return pipe 523 is in a straight circular pipe structure; among them, the return pipe 523 is movably penetrated through the lower wall of the first container 51, so that the return pipe 523 and the first container 51 can move relative to each other vertically. Here, the vertical direction can be understood as the axial direction of the first container 51; the relative movement between the return pipe 523 and the first container 51 can specifically be, as Figure 3As shown, the return pipe 523 is fixed in place by a bracket and remains stationary, while the first container 51 can move vertically, so as to achieve the vertical relative movement between the two; of course, in some other alternative embodiments, it may also be that the first container 51 remains stationary and the return pipe 523 can move vertically.

[0042] In addition, the upper end of the return pipe 523 is located inside the first container 51 as the overflow end, and the lower end of the return pipe 523 is connected to the brine tank 521 as the return water end. For example, the lower end of the return pipe 523 is suspended directly above the brine tank 521 or inserted into the upper part of the brine tank 521. In this way, when the water level in the first container 51 exceeds the upper end of the return pipe 523, the excess water will flow back into the brine tank 521 through the return pipe 523, so that the water level in the first container 51 basically remains at the position of the upper port of the return pipe 523 all the time; the water level in the first container 51 is equivalent to the liquid column height between the upper end of the return pipe 523 and the bottom wall of the first container 51. This liquid column height is denoted as the water level H. It can be understood that this water level H does not remain constant and will change with the vertical movement of the first container 51; subsequently, the first container 51 outputs brine to the mixing chamber 60 at the liquid level height of the water level H through the first water outlet 511.

[0043] Among them, the vertical movement of the first container 51 relative to the return pipe 523 is configured such that the driving assembly 524 drives the return pipe 523 and the first container 51 to move relatively vertically in a periodic form of a sine wave.

[0044] For example, as Figure 3 shown, the driving assembly 524 drives the first container 51 to perform a semi-diurnal tidal cycle sine movement (amplitude ±20 cm) relative to the return pipe 523, simulating the estuarine tidal characteristics dominated by the M2 tidal component with a 12.4-hour cycle. Specifically, the change in the water level H can be referred to the following formula: H(t)=H0 + 15·sin(2πt / 12.4); where t is time and H0 is the initial liquid level height in the first container 51, representing the initial sea level height.

[0045] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3As shown, the driving component 524 can be specifically configured such that the driving component 524 specifically includes a frame 5244, a fixed pulley 5243, a winch 5241, and a cable 5242 wound around the winch 5241. The cable 5242 is fixed to the first container 51, and the winch 5241 winds and unwinds the cable 5242 to drive the first container 51 to move vertically relative to the return pipe 523. Specifically, at least two fixed pulleys 5243 are provided and fixed on the frame 5244 to guide the cable 5242. One end of the cable 5242 is fixed to the reel of the winch 5241, and the other end is fixed to the first container 51. When the winch 5241 winds the cable 5242, the cable 5242 will pull the first container 51 upward. When the winch 5241 releases the cable 5242, the first container 51 will automatically descend under the action of its own weight and the weight of the brine inside, so as to realize the rise and fall of the first container 51, thereby controlling the water level H in the first container 51 to perform a sine motion to simulate the occurrence of tides.

[0046] The mixing chamber 60 is mainly used to realize the mixing of the brine output from the first container 51 and the fresh water output from the second water supply mechanism 3 to simulate the mixing process of salt tide and surface water. Specifically, in some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, a closed cylinder 6 is provided, and the internal space of the cylinder 6 constitutes the mixing chamber 60.

[0047] As Figure 4 shown, two input ports are provided on one side of the cylinder 6, namely a first input port 62 and a second input port 63, and an output port 61 is provided on the other side.

[0048] As Figure 2 shown, the first input port 62 is connected to the water outlet end of the third pump 32 through a pipeline, so that the third pump 32 pumps the fresh water in the second water tank 31 into the mixing chamber 60 through the first input port 62. In addition, a valve 33 (such as a ball valve) and a flow meter 34 for monitoring the flow rate are also provided on the pipeline connecting the first input port 62 and the third pump 32. In this embodiment, the first pump 522, the second pump 22, and the third pump 32 can all be peristaltic pumps.

[0049] The second input port 63 is connected to the first water outlet 511. The brine in the first container 51 flows into the mixing chamber 60 through the first water outlet 511 and the second input port 63 in sequence to be mixed with the fresh water input by the second water supply mechanism 3 (i.e., the second water tank 31) in the mixing chamber 60.

[0050] Among them, in some embodiments, the overall height of the cylinder 6 is lower than the height of the first water outlet 511, so that the brine in the first container 51 can flow into the mixing chamber 60 under the action of gravity.

[0051] As Figure 1As shown, the bottom of the saltwater chamber 12 has a second water inlet 120, and the output port 61 of the cylinder 6 is communicated with the second water inlet 120 through a pipeline. In this way, the fresh water output by the second water supply mechanism 3 and the salt water output by the first water outlet 511 enter the mixing chamber 60 to be mixed and then flow into the saltwater chamber 12 through the output port 61, so as to simulate the salt tide mixing process. Among them, the height of the output port 61 is higher than that of the second water inlet 120.

[0052] In addition, in order to prevent the water in the saltwater chamber 12 from flowing back into the mixing chamber 60, a one-way valve 66 is provided on the pipeline connecting the second water inlet 120 and the output port 61. The one-way valve 66 is configured to unidirectionally allow the salt water output from the output port 61 of the mixing chamber 60 to enter the saltwater chamber 12 and cut off in the reverse direction.

[0053] In order to improve the mixing effect of fresh water and salt water in the mixing chamber 60, in some embodiments, as Figure 4 shown, the mixing chamber 60 has a cylindrical structure, and a spiral blade 64 extending along the axial direction of the mixing chamber 60 is provided in the mixing chamber 60. In this way, when fresh water and salt water flow forward in the mixing chamber 60, a swirl flow will be formed, thereby improving the mixing effect of the two.

[0054] In addition, in order to ensure that fresh water and salt water have sufficient mixing time in the mixing chamber 60 and prevent them from flowing out of the output port 61 before they have time to mix, in some embodiments, in combination with Figure 5 shown, a flow-slowing component 65 for slowing down the flow rate of the liquid flowing out of the output port 61 of the mixing chamber 60 is provided in the output port 61 of the mixing chamber 60. For example, a sponge buffer layer with a porosity of 85% is filled in the output port 61 as the flow-slowing component 65 to slow down the water flow rate output from the output port 61, so as to ensure that fresh water and salt water have sufficient time to mix in the mixing chamber 60.

[0055] In addition, in order to ensure that the saltwater chamber 12 and the fresh water chamber 13 enter the seepage area 11 at a stable water level, in some embodiments, as Figure 1 shown, overflow ports are provided on both the saltwater chamber 12 and the fresh water chamber 13. For the sake of distinction, the overflow port on the saltwater chamber 12 is denoted as the first overflow port 121, and the overflow port on the fresh water chamber 13 is denoted as the second overflow port 131.

[0056] When the liquid level in the corresponding water chamber (i.e., the fresh water chamber 13 and the saltwater chamber 12) reaches the position of the overflow port, it will be discharged through the overflow port, so that the water level in the corresponding water chamber is kept at the position of its corresponding overflow port, so as to ensure that the water in the water chamber flows into the seepage area 11 at a constant water level.

[0057] In this embodiment, the reason for setting up the saltwater chamber 12 instead of directly connecting the outlet 61 of the mixing chamber 60 to the seepage area 11 is as follows: By setting up the saltwater chamber 12, a stable liquid level can be formed in the saltwater chamber 12. The contact between the saltwater in the saltwater chamber 12 and the seepage area 11 is equivalent to surface contact, so that the saltwater in the saltwater chamber 12 can seep into the seepage area 11 more evenly in the transverse direction. If the saltwater chamber 12 is not set up and the outlet 61 of the mixing chamber 60 is directly connected to the seepage area 11, the contact between the saltwater output from the mixing chamber 60 and the seepage area 11 is equivalent to point contact, and it is difficult for the saltwater to seep into the seepage area 11 evenly.

[0058] The function of the freshwater chamber 13 is to ensure that the freshwater in the freshwater chamber 13 seeps into the seepage area 11 at a stable liquid level, so that the freshwater in the freshwater chamber 13 can seep into the seepage area 11 with a stable flow field to simulate groundwater.

[0059] In this embodiment, during actual operation: The freshwater with the first color output by the first water supply mechanism 2 flows into the freshwater chamber 13 and then gradually seeps into the seepage area 11 to simulate groundwater. At this time, the groundwater is equivalent to having the first color.

[0060] The saltwater with the second color output by the tidal generation device 5 simulates a salt tide, and the freshwater output by the second water supply mechanism 3 simulates surface water; the salt tide and surface water enter the mixing chamber 60 and are mixed to form salt tide mixed water. At this time, the salt tide mixed water is equivalent to having the second color; the salt tide mixed water flows into the saltwater chamber 12 and then gradually seeps into the seepage area 11 to interact with the groundwater. Since the first color and the second color are different, an obvious saltwater wedge (the saltwater wedge can also be understood as a color block) will be shown on the observation side wall. The position, shape, and size of the saltwater wedge, as well as the shape and width changes of the saltwater-freshwater interface, are recorded in real time by the camera 4.

[0061] Among them, the camera 4 preferably uses a high-speed camera with 100 frames per second and is equipped with a 532nm narrow-band filter to enhance the contrast of the fluorescent tracer and record the migration of the dye.

[0062] In addition, as Figure 5 shown, a first sensor 67 capable of detecting salinity is provided in the outlet 61 of the mixing chamber 60. The first sensor 67 is preferably arranged downstream of the flow retardation member 65 and is used to obtain the salinity data of the salt tide mixed water output from the outlet 61.

[0063] In addition, as Figure 1As shown, a plurality of second sensors 112 capable of detecting salinity may be provided in the seepage zone 11 to obtain salinity data at different locations of the seepage zone 11. The first sensor 67 and the second sensor 112 may be online conductivity sensors.

[0064] In some embodiments, in order to test the migration of pollutants during the seepage process, in some embodiments, a pre-buried pipe 110 for introducing pollutants is buried in the seepage medium of the seepage zone 11; or pollutants are pre-injected into the salt water tank 521.

[0065] As to whether to inject pollutants into the seepage zone 11 through the pre-buried pipe 110 or to add the pollutants into the salt water tank 521 in advance, the actual specific test scenario to be simulated is taken as an example. For example, if the simulation is about the migration of pollutants in groundwater under the influence of salt tide, the pollutants are injected into the seepage zone 11 through the pre-buried pipe 110; if the simulation is about the migration of pollutants carried by seawater tide in the seepage zone 11 during the seepage process, the pollutants are injected into the salt water tank 521 in advance.

[0066] The migration of pollutants can be obtained in one of the following two ways: Method 1: dye the pollutants so that the pollutants have a third color, which is different from the first color and the second color. For example, the salt water tank 521 or the second water tank 31 contains pollutants of the third color. During the test, the migration path of the color block of the third color is observed.

[0067] Method 2: Instead of dyeing the pollutants, a plurality of sampling ports 111 are provided in the seepage area 11, and the sampling ports 111 are adapted with removable rubber plugs; specifically, the sampling ports 111 may be provided in 6 layers, with a vertical spacing of 8 cm between layers, and 5 sampling ports 111 in each layer. Sampling is performed in the seepage area 11 through the sampling ports 111, and after sampling, the concentration of pollutants in the sample is detected, and the migration of pollutants is judged by the concentration of pollutants in each area.

[0068] Example 2 Combination Figures 1-5 As shown, this embodiment also provides a river-groundwater seepage simulation method considering the influence of seawater upstream. The method provided in this embodiment is performed using the river-groundwater seepage simulation system considering the influence of seawater upstream provided in Example 1. The system has been described in detail in Example 1 and will not be described in detail here.

[0069] The method provided in this embodiment includes the following steps: First, prepare: Inject fresh water simulating river water (i.e., surface water) into the second water tank 31, and the conductivity of the fresh water is < 500 μS / cm.

[0070] Configure seawater, i.e., salt water, in the salt water tank 521, and add a colorant with a second color to the seawater. In the configured seawater, the NaCl concentration is 28 g / L and the conductivity is ≈ 45 mS / cm.

[0071] Add a colorant with a first color to the fresh water in the first water tank 21.

[0072] After the preparation is completed, start the following operations: S1. Pre-saturation: Start the first water supply mechanism 2 to continuously inject fresh water with a first color into the fresh water chamber 13, for example, continuously inject water for 24 hours to fill the seepage area 11 with the fresh water output by the first water supply mechanism 2.

[0073] S2. After the first water supply mechanism 2 works for a period of time (for example, after 24 hours), start the tide generating device 5 to allow the first container 51 to introduce salt water with a second color into the mixing chamber 60, and start the second water supply mechanism 3 to introduce fresh water into the mixing chamber 60; the salt water and fresh water introduced into the mixing chamber 60 are mixed in the mixing chamber 60 and then input into the salt water chamber 12 through the outlet 61 of the mixing chamber 60.

[0074] S3. Use the camera 4 to take pictures in real time of the picture displayed on the observation side wall of the observation tank 1, specifically use the camera 4 to record in real time the position, shape, and size of the salt water wedge, as well as the shape and width change of the salt-fresh water interface, so as to obtain the impact of the salt tide on the groundwater after mixing with the surface water; thus, simulate the river (i.e., surface water)-groundwater seepage situation under the influence of seawater intrusion.

[0075] Of course, if it is also necessary to consider the migration situation of pollutants, pollutants can also be injected into the salt water tank 521 or into the seepage area 11. Obtain the migration situation of pollutants by the method described in Example 1.

[0076] It should be understood that various forms of the processes shown above can be used, re-ordered, steps added or deleted. For example, the steps described in this application can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, as long as the desired results of the technical solutions disclosed in this application can be achieved, and no limitations are made herein.

[0077] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of this application, "a plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0078] As described above, this is only the specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present application can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims described above.

Claims

1. A river - groundwater seepage simulation system considering the influence of seawater intrusion, characterized in that, Comprising: An observation tank, the observation tank includes a seepage area in the middle along the transverse direction, and a saltwater chamber and a freshwater chamber respectively arranged on both sides of the seepage area; the seepage medium is filled in the seepage area; among the peripheral walls of the observation tank, at least one peripheral wall extends along the transverse direction to form an observation side peripheral wall, and the observation side peripheral wall is a transparent structure; A first water supply mechanism for inputting fresh water with a first color into the freshwater chamber to simulate groundwater; A second water supply mechanism for outputting fresh water to simulate surface water; A tide generating device, including a driving mechanism and a first container for receiving salt water with a second color, the second color being different from the first color; the first container includes a first water outlet; the driving mechanism is used to drive the water level in the first container to rise and fall periodically in the form of a sine wave; A mixing chamber, which includes an output port communicated with the saltwater chamber, and the mixing chamber is configured such that the fresh water output by the second water supply mechanism and the salt water output by the first water outlet enter the mixing chamber to be mixed and then flow into the saltwater chamber through the output port; A camera, whose lens faces the observation side peripheral wall for real-time shooting of the picture displayed on the entire observation side peripheral wall.

2. The river - groundwater seepage simulation system considering the influence of seawater intrusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving mechanism includes a saltwater tank for storing salt water with a second color, a first pump, a return pipe and a driving assembly, the first pump is used to pump the salt water in the saltwater tank into the first container; the return pipe penetrates through the first container, one end of the return pipe is located in the first container, and the other end is connected to the saltwater tank; the return pipe and the first container can move relative to each other vertically; the driving assembly is used to drive the return pipe and the first container to move relative to each other vertically in the form of a sine wave periodically.

3. The river-groundwater seepage simulation system considering the influence of seawater intrusion according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving assembly includes a winch and a cable wound on the winch, the cable is fixed to the first container, and the first container is driven to move vertically relative to the return pipe by winding and unwinding the cable by the winch.

4. The river - groundwater seepage simulation system considering the influence of seawater intrusion according to claim 1, characterized in that The mixing chamber has a cylindrical structure, and a spiral blade extending along the axial direction of the mixing chamber is provided in the mixing chamber; and / or a flow-slowing component for slowing down the flow rate of the liquid flowing out of the output port of the mixing chamber is provided in the output port of the mixing chamber.

5. The river-groundwater seepage simulation system considering the influence of seawater intrusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, A one-way valve is provided between the output port of the mixing chamber and the saltwater chamber, and the one-way valve is configured to unidirectionally allow the salt water output from the output port of the mixing chamber to be input into the saltwater chamber.

6. The river-groundwater seepage simulation system considering the influence of seawater intrusion according to claim 1, characterized in that A first sensor capable of detecting salinity is provided in the output port of the mixing chamber; and / or a plurality of second sensors capable of detecting salinity are provided in the seepage area.

7. The river-groundwater seepage simulation system considering the influence of seawater intrusion according to claim 1, characterized in that The first water supply mechanism includes a first water tank for storing fresh water with a first color and a second pump for pumping the fresh water in the first water tank into the freshwater chamber; and / or the second water supply mechanism includes a second water tank for storing fresh water and a third pump for pumping the fresh water in the second water tank into the mixing chamber.

8. The river - groundwater seepage simulation system considering the influence of seawater intrusion according to claim 2, characterized in that, A pre-buried pipe for introducing pollutants is buried in the seepage medium of the seepage area; or, the second water supply mechanism includes a second water tank for storing fresh water and a third pump for pumping the fresh water in the second water tank into the mixing chamber, and pollutants with a third color are mixed in the saltwater tank or the second water tank; the third color is different from the first color and the second color.

9. The river - groundwater seepage simulation system considering the influence of seawater intrusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, Overflow ports are provided on both the saltwater chamber and the freshwater chamber.

10. A river-groundwater seepage simulation method considering the influence of seawater intrusion, characterized in that, The method is carried out by using the river - groundwater seepage simulation system considering the influence of seawater intrusion as described in any one of claims 1 - 9; the method comprises the following steps: S1. Pre - saturation: Start the first water supply mechanism to continuously introduce fresh water with a first color into the fresh water chamber; S2. After the first water supply mechanism works for a period of time, start the tide generating device to make the first container introduce salt water with a second color into the mixing chamber, and start the second water supply mechanism to introduce fresh water into the mixing chamber; the salt water and fresh water introduced into the mixing chamber are mixed in the mixing chamber and then input into the salt water chamber through the output port of the mixing chamber; S3. Use a camera to take pictures of the picture displayed on the observation side wall of the observation tank in real time.

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