Machine-transplanted rice milk seedling transplanting technology

Abstract

A machine-transplanted rice milk seedling transplanting technology belongs to the technical field of rice cultivation, and is characterized in that the leaf age of transplanted milk seedlings is 1.5-2.1 leaves, the plant height is 7-10cm, the dry seeding rate per square meter is 1200-1800g, the packing is good and suitable for machine-transplanted rice seedlings, compared with the traditional machine-transplanted rice seedlings, the seedling raising area is reduced by 50%, the seedling raising time is shortened by 40%, 20% of nutrients still remain in endosperm after transplanting, and the seedling recovery is overweight. 8 roots of the third extending leaf and the incomplete leaf node extending simultaneously are formed; coated urea with the release period of 30 days (transplanting with nitrogen fertilizer) is spread before transplanting to continue nitrogen nutrition supply in the weaning period, tillering of the first leaf position and the second leaf position extending together with the fourth leaf and the fifth leaf is promoted, the growth period is shortened by 20 days compared with that of transplanted seedlings with 3.1-3.5 leaves, plant protection measures such as disease prevention, rooting and acid regulation in the weaning period are omitted, pesticide is reduced, the environment is protected, cost is saved, consumption is reduced, and the yield increasing potential is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of rice cultivation, featuring environmental protection, consumption reduction, streamlining, and high efficiency; Background Art

[0002] Currently, the leaf age of the rice seedlings for machine transplanting is above 3.1 leaves. The seedling raising area is large (the ratio of the paddy field area to the seedling bed area is 1:100), and the seedling raising time is 20 - 35 days. Due to going through the 2.5 - leaf weaning stage, during which it is necessary to spray fungicides, acid regulators, and rooting agents multiple times for the prevention of blight and damping - off, and also apply a seedbed conditioner. The management of moisture and temperature in the seedbed is cumbersome and complex. Affected by the transplanting injury of machine transplanting, the seedlings take a long time to recover. The tillers at the first and second leaf positions are missing, and the seedling recovery time is long, which restricts the increase in rice yield. The rice milk - seedling transplanting described in the invention patent publication number CN108243877A is just a planting method for a simulated direct - seeding area test with a leaf age of 1 leaf. The milk seedlings described in the invention patent publication numbers CN102511347A and CN101946606A refer to rice seedlings in which the first complete leaf has not unfolded and are not suitable for machine transplanting; Summary of the Invention

[0003] For the milk seedlings of the machine - transplanted rice milk - seedling transplanting technology of the present invention, the complete leaf age is 1.5 - 2.1 leaves. The height of the leaf sheath of the first leaf above the ground is 4 - 6 cm, the leaf length is 3 - 4 cm, the extended part of the second leaf has a leaf length of 4 - 7 cm, and the plant height is 7 - 10 cm. There are 6 roots underground, 1 seed root with a root length of 5 - 8 cm, 5 sheath - leaf node roots with a root length of 5 - 7 cm, and 10 - 20% of the remaining nutritive substances in the endosperm. The dry - seed seeding rate per square meter is 1200 - 1800 g, and the root - forming is good, suitable for machine transplanting. Compared with the traditional seedling raising, the area is reduced by 50%, the seedling raising time is shortened by 40%. After transplanting, relying on the remaining 20% of the nutrients in the endosperm, the seedlings recover and gain weight, and 8 roots at the incomplete leaf node that emerge and are of the same elongation as the third leaf are produced. Before transplanting, coated urea with a release period of 30 days is spread to carry nitrogen fertilizer for transplanting and continue the nitrogen nutrition during the weaning period, and an assimilant is sprayed to promote the tillering of the first and second leaf positions. Compared with transplanting seedlings with a leaf age of 3.1 - 3.5 leaves, the growth period is shortened by 20 days, and no top - dressing for green - turning fertilizer and tillering fertilizer is required in the paddy field; The differences between the specific implementation method and the conventional rice machine transplanting are as follows: 1. Seed soaking and water absorption: Soak the seeds at a water temperature of 10 - 20°C for 18 - 48 hours, with a water absorption of 20 - 25%, avoiding germination to reduce the loss of nutrients; 2. After sowing, absorb water under natural conditions until the seeds are cracked at 35% and germinated at 40%, resulting in neat and strong emergence; 3. Seeding rate: Increasing the seeding rate is the key for milk seedlings to make up for the number of individual roots and form suitable root masses for mechanical transplanting. The seeding rate of rice seeds (dry - seed amount) per square meter is 1200 - 1800 g; 4. Moisture management: After sowing and covering the soil, cover with a perforated colorless plastic film and water thoroughly. This can not only ensure light transmission but also timely supply water, playing the roles of moisture conservation, temperature increase, preventing scalding of seedlings, and preventing freezing of seedlings. 5. Temperature management: The temperature of the seedling bed surface from emergence to the formation of seedlings should not exceed 36°C, which can improve the conversion rate of endosperm. When the temperature is too high, ventilate or sprinkle water to cool down. 6. Standard of milk seedlings: The height of the leaf sheath of the first leaf above the ground is 4 - 6 cm, the leaf length is 3 - 4 cm, the extended part of the second leaf has a leaf length of 4 - 7 cm, and the plant height is 7 - 10 cm; there are 6 roots underground, 1 seed root with a length of 5 - 8 cm, 5 sheath leaf node roots with a length of 5 - 7 cm, and 20% of the remaining nutrients in the endosperm. 7. Omit the plant protection measures such as disease prevention, acid adjustment, and root growth at the 2.5 - leaf stage, reducing pesticides and being environmentally friendly. 8. Preparation of the seedling bed before transplanting: Spray pyriproxyfen with an active ingredient of 0.4 - 0.6 g / m² or clothianidin with an active ingredient of 1 - 2 g / m² on the seedlings at the 1.5 - leaf stage to prevent the damage of the larvae of the rice leaf miner in the paddy field; broadcast 500 - 1000 g / m² of slow - release coated urea with a release period of 30 days to ensure the continuous supply of nitrogen nutrition during the seedling weaning period; spray the assimilation promoter Mutundao to promote the conversion of inorganic element nutrients, and spray herbicides to control weeds in the seedling field. 9. Transplanting: Transplant the seedlings at the leaf age of 1.6 - 2.3 leaves, and do not transplant over - aged seedlings. Transplanting the rice at the 2.5 - 2.9 - leaf weaning stage will extend the growth period of the rice. 10. Pre - transplant closed weeding in the paddy field: Currently, the herbicides that can be used for transplanting milk seedlings are oxadiazon, pyriminobac - methyl, thiobencarb, oxaziclomefone, bensulfuron - methyl, and ethoxysulfuron. After applying the herbicide, manage the water layer according to the requirements of the herbicide. 11. Water layer management after transplanting: The stress resistance of milk seedlings such as waterlogging tolerance, cold tolerance, and heat tolerance is significantly stronger than that of rice seedlings after the 2.5 - leaf stage. 12. Use of herbicides after transplanting: After sufficient slow seedling establishment, select herbicides according to the rice leaf age and the control object and use them correctly according to the requirements of the herbicide. 13. Do not top - dress the green - returning fertilizer and tillering fertilizer in the paddy field.

Claims

1. The fully developed leaf age of the milk seedlings in the machine-transplanted rice milk seedling transplanting technology is 1.5 - 2.1 leaves. The height of the leaf sheath of the first leaf above the ground is 4 - 6 cm, the leaf length is 3 - 4 cm, the extended part of the second leaf has a leaf length of 4 - 7 cm, and the plant height is 7 - 10 cm; there are 6 roots underground, 1 seed root with a root length of 5 - 8 cm, and 5 sheath leaf node roots with a root length of 5 - 7 cm, and 20% of the remaining nutritive substances in the endosperm.

2. Sow 1,200 - 1,800 grams of rice seeds (dry seed amount) per square meter.

3. Before transplanting, apply 3 - 5 kg of slow-release coated urea with a release period of 30 days per mu of paddy field corresponding to the seedbed area to replace all the green-recovery fertilizers and tillering fertilizers.