Laser, chemical and mechanical composite cutting device and cutting method

Abstract

The invention relates to a laser, chemical and mechanical composite cutting device and method, and belongs to the technical field of nuclear graphite decommissioning. The composite cutting device comprises a conversion part, a mechanical cutting part, a laser cutting part and an air injection part; the conversion part comprises a turntable and a turntable motor; the mechanical cutting part and the laser cutting part are symmetrically mounted at the bottom of the turntable; the air injection part on one side of the laser cutting part is mounted on the turntable; the laser cutting component comprises a laser cutting head, and the laser cutting component emits laser through the laser cutting head to cut a target object; the air injection component comprises an air injection head, the air injection head faces the cutting direction of the laser cutting head, and the air injection component injects air to a target object through the air injection head; the turntable motor drives the turntable to rotate and drives the mechanical cutting component and the laser cutting component to alternately cut a target object. According to the method, efficient, accurate and economical cutting machining of the radioactive super-thick nuclear graphite is achieved through multiple times of alternate shallow cutting of chemical auxiliary laser cutting and mechanical cutting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nuclear graphite decommissioning, and particularly to a laser, chemical and mechanical composite cutting device and a cutting method, which utilize laser, chemical and mechanical composite cutting technology to efficiently and accurately cut radioactive ultra-thick nuclear graphite. Background Art

[0002] Nuclear graphite is a commonly used moderator and reflector material in nuclear reactors, mainly used for moderating the neutron speed and as part of the nuclear reactor structure. However, during the operation of nuclear reactors, nuclear graphite will undergo physical and chemical property changes due to neutron irradiation and other reactor operating conditions. One significant change is irradiation-induced expansion, that is, the volume expansion phenomenon of nuclear graphite. As nuclear reactors age, this expansion may lead to damage to the structural integrity of nuclear graphite, and adjacent graphite blocks are squeezed against each other due to the filled space. During the decommissioning process of nuclear reactors, this squeezing effect poses a problem for the cutting of nuclear graphite.

[0003] Traditional mechanical cutting methods, such as sawing and milling, require a large cutting force to separate graphite blocks that have been tightly joined due to expansion. However, excessive cutting force not only increases the mechanical load of the equipment but also may cause further fragmentation of the graphite blocks or generate uncontrollable debris. In addition, a large amount of graphite dust generated during mechanical cutting will pollute the environment, endanger the health of operators, and the tool wear is serious, requiring frequent replacement, increasing the cost.

[0004] Although laser cutting technology has advantages such as non-contact and high precision, when facing particularly thick or high-density nuclear graphite, the laser may not be able to completely cut through the material. The cutting depth and efficiency of laser cutting are limited by the laser power and material absorption characteristics. More seriously, the high heat generated during laser cutting is difficult to effectively dissipate in ultra-thick or ultra-dense graphite materials, which may cause local overheating of the material, affecting the cutting quality or generating safety risks. Therefore, existing mechanical and laser cutting equipment is difficult to meet the cutting requirements when facing nuclear graphite decommissioned due to irradiation conditions. It is necessary to develop new cutting technologies or improve existing technologies to adapt to the special physical and chemical property changes of nuclear graphite. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the problem that irradiated nuclear graphite is difficult to cut due to expansion, the present invention provides a laser, chemical and mechanical composite cutting device and a cutting method, which ingeniously combines chemical, laser and mechanical cutting technologies, overcomes the technical problems that using mechanical cutting alone is prone to produce irregular fragments and graphite dust, and using laser cutting alone is difficult to cut through graphite and the accumulated heat is difficult to dissipate, and realizes the efficient, precise and economical cutting and processing of radioactive ultra-thick nuclear graphite.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A laser, chemical and mechanical composite cutting device, the composite cutting device includes a conversion component, a mechanical cutting component, a laser cutting component and a jet component;

[0008] The conversion component includes a turntable and a turntable motor; the mechanical cutting component and the laser cutting component are symmetrically installed at the bottom of the turntable, and the jet component is installed on the turntable on one side of the laser cutting component;

[0009] The laser cutting component includes a laser cutting head, and the laser cutting component emits laser to cut the target through the laser cutting head; the jet component includes a jet head, the jet head faces the cutting direction of the laser cutting head, and the jet component sprays gas to the target through the jet head; the turntable motor drives the turntable to rotate, driving the mechanical cutting component and the laser cutting component to alternately cut the target.

[0010] Further, the laser cutting component further includes a focusing component, a collimating component, and an optical fiber connection module; the optical fiber connection module is installed on the turntable, the optical fiber connection module is connected to the focusing module through the collimating module, and the laser cutting head is installed at the end of the focusing module.

[0011] Further, the jet component further includes a second rigid pipe and a second flexible pipe; the second rigid pipe is installed on the turntable, the jet head is installed at the end of the second rigid pipe, and the jet head faces the cutting direction of the laser cutting head; the upper end of the second rigid pipe is connected to the gas transmission device through the second flexible pipe.

[0012] Further, the mechanical cutting component includes a reciprocating saw housing, a reciprocating saw motor, a worm, a worm gear, a folding saw rotating shaft, a reciprocating saw blade, a torsion spring, a saw blade guide piece, and a slider;

[0013] The reciprocating saw housing is mounted on the turntable. Inside the reciprocating saw housing, there are an upper cavity and a lower cavity that communicate with each other vertically. The reciprocating saw motor is installed in the upper cavity of the reciprocating saw housing, and the output shaft of the reciprocating saw motor extends into the lower cavity. The worm is installed on the output shaft of the reciprocating saw motor and is meshed and connected with the turbine. The center of the turbine is installed on the slider in the lower cavity. The reciprocating saw motor drives the slider to move up and down through the worm and turbine transmission. The saw blade guide is installed inside the slider, and the bottom end of the saw blade guide is hinged to the top end of the reciprocating saw blade through the folding saw rotating shaft. The torsion spring is sleeved on the folding saw rotating shaft.

[0014] Further, the mechanical cutting component further includes a rope winding screw, which is installed on the reciprocating saw blade and is used for fixedly connecting the rope of the conversion component.

[0015] Further, the conversion component further includes a converter end cover, a hollow main shaft, a driving gear, a driving shaft, a driven shaft, an internal gear, and a driven gear;

[0016] The hollow main shaft is installed at the bottom of the converter end cover, and the turntable is installed on the step at the lower part of the hollow main shaft. The internal gear is coaxially installed at the bottom of the turntable;

[0017] The turntable motor is installed inside the hollow main shaft. The output shaft of the turntable motor is connected to the top end of the driving shaft, and the driving gear is coaxially fixed at the lower part of the driving shaft. The driven shaft is installed on the turntable motor, the driven gear is sleeved at the bottom end of the driven shaft, and the driving gear is meshed and connected with the driven gear. The driven gear is meshed and connected with the internal gear. The bottom end of the driving shaft is connected to the rope connecting the mechanical cutting component.

[0018] Further, the conversion component further includes a rope drum, which is coaxially installed at the bottom end of the driving shaft. The upper end of the rope is fixed on the rope drum. The turntable motor drives the rope drum to rotate through the driving shaft. When the rope drum rotates, the rope is wound onto the rope drum or the rope on the rope drum is released.

[0019] Further, the composite cutting device further includes a heat absorption and dust suction component. The heat absorption and dust suction component includes a suction head, a first rigid pipe, and a first flexible pipe. On one side of the mechanical cutting component, the first rigid pipe is installed on the turntable, the suction head is installed at the end of the first rigid pipe, and the opening direction of the suction head faces the cutting direction of the mechanical cutting component. The upper end of the first rigid pipe is connected to the air extraction device through the first flexible pipe.

[0020] The present invention also discloses a method for laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting. The laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting device described in any one of the above is used to cut nuclear graphite. The cutting method is as follows: Install the composite cutting device at the end of the robotic arm, and move the composite cutting device to the working position through the robotic arm; the mechanical cutting component and the laser cutting component alternately move to the working position through the conversion component to perform mechanical cutting and chemically assisted laser cutting on the nuclear graphite alternately for multiple times; the chemical assistance is that the gas jetting component in the composite cutting device jets N2O gas onto the nuclear graphite, and the N2O gas reacts chemically with the heat absorbed by the graphite during laser cutting. The chemical formula is as follows:

[0021] C(s)+2N2O(g)→CO2(g)+2N2(g) ΔH>0;

[0022] At the same time, the robotic arm moves the composite cutting device along the specified cutting path, and the mechanical cutting component and the laser cutting component cut the nuclear graphite along the specified cutting path; until the cutting work is completed, the composite cutting device stops.

[0023] Further, the process of chemically assisted laser cutting is as follows:

[0024] 1) When the laser cutting head is at the cutting position in the working position, start the gas jetting component. Otherwise, first start the turntable motor of the conversion component to move the laser cutting head to the working position, align it with the cutting position on the target nuclear graphite, and then start the gas jetting component;

[0025] 2) The gas delivery device jets N2O gas onto the cutting position on the nuclear graphite through the gas jetting head;

[0026] 3) Start the laser cutting component. The laser is transmitted into the fiber optic connection module through the optical fiber, and is sequentially corrected by the collimation component and focused by the focusing component, and then is emitted through the laser cutting head to the cutting position on the nuclear graphite for laser cutting;

[0027] 4) Keep the laser and N2O gas output, and use the robotic arm to drive the gas jetting component and the laser cutting component to move along the specified path to achieve chemically assisted laser cutting.

[0028] Advantages of the present invention:

[0029] The laser, chemical and mechanical composite cutting device and cutting method of the present invention use chemically assisted laser cutting and mechanical cutting to perform multiple shallow cuts on the nuclear graphite alternately, overcoming the technical problems that single mechanical cutting is prone to produce irregular fragments and graphite dust, and single laser cutting is difficult to cut through graphite and the accumulated heat is difficult to dissipate. While reducing the power required for cutting and improving the cutting efficiency, it realizes efficient, precise, safe and economical cutting of nuclear graphite.

[0030] The present invention utilizes an endothermic reaction between graphite and N2O gas to convert the graphite and N2O gas at the cutting position into non-toxic CO2 and N2 gases, achieving the purpose of removing the graphite at the cutting position, reducing the extrusion force of the graphite at the cutting position, reducing the mechanical cutting stress, and simultaneously reducing the temperature at the cutting position. While reducing the power required for laser cutting and improving the cutting efficiency, it not only compensates for the drawback of limited cutting thickness in laser cutting but also ensures that the generated gases are environmentally friendly.

[0031] The mechanical cutting component, laser cutting component, and air jet component of the present invention are connected to the outside through flexible pipes. When switching between the reciprocating saw blade and the laser cutting head, the cable has a small turning angle, avoiding the use of electric slip rings.

[0032] When the endothermic dust suction component of the present invention is used for cutting nuclear reactor graphite, compared with traditional water cooling, it avoids the generation of secondary pollution, and simultaneously sucks away the graphite dust and the heat generated during cutting, improving the heat dissipation efficiency and cutting efficiency.

[0033] When the conversion component of the present invention rotates to switch the reciprocating saw blade to the cutting position, the turntable motor drives the rope drum to rotate synchronously, driving the rope to pull the reciprocating saw blade to move and fold the reciprocating saw blade. When the turntable motor drives the rope drum to rotate in the reverse direction, the rope is released, and the reciprocating saw blade uses the elastic force of the torsion spring to reset. Without additionally increasing the motor and control components, it solves the problem of interference between the mechanical cutting device and the laser cutting device when the lengths of the reciprocating saw blade and the laser cutting head are different. Description of the Drawings

[0034] Figure 1 is the front view of the laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting device for radioactive ultra-thick nuclear graphite of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 is the axonometric view of the laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting device for radioactive ultra-thick nuclear graphite of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 3 is the axonometric view of the laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting device for radioactive ultra-thick nuclear graphite of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0037] Figure 4 is the axonometric sectional view of the laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting device for radioactive ultra-thick nuclear graphite of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 is the sectional view of the conversion component in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 is the sectional view of the mechanical cutting component in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7Front view of the mechanical cutting component in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 Side view of the laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting device for radioactive ultra-thick nuclear graphite in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 Cross-sectional view of the laser cutting component in the present invention.

[0043] Wherein: 1 - conversion component, 1.1 - converter end cover, 1.2 - hollow main shaft, 1.3 - bearing, 1.4 - turntable, 1.5 - driving gear, 1.6 - driving shaft, 1.7 - turntable motor, 1.8 - movable outer sleeve, 1.9 - driven shaft, 1.10 - internal gear, 1.11 - driven gear, 1.12 - rope drum, 2 - mechanical cutting component, 2.1 - reciprocating saw housing, 2.2 - reciprocating saw motor, 2.3 - worm, 2.4 - worm gear, 2.5 - folding saw rotating shaft, 2.6 - reciprocating saw blade, 2.7 - torsion spring, 2.8 - saw blade guide, 2.9 - guide rail, 2.10 - slider, 2.11 - wire guide pipe, 2.12 - wire winding screw, 3 - heat absorption and dust suction component, 3.1 - suction head, 3.2 - first rigid pipe, 3.3 - first flexible pipe, 4 - laser cutting component, 4.1 - laser cutting head, 4.2 - focusing assembly, 4.3 - collimating assembly, 4.4 - fiber optic connection module, 5 - air jet component, 5.1 - air jet head, 5.2 - second rigid pipe, 5.3 - second flexible pipe. Detailed implementation manners

[0044] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0045] The orientation terms such as up, down, left, right, front and back in the present application document are established based on the positional relationship shown in the drawings. If the drawings are different, the corresponding positional relationship may also change accordingly. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of the protection scope.

[0046] In the present invention, the terms "mounted", "connected", "joined", "connected", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection or a connection that can communicate with each other, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, a connection inside two components, or an interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0047] This embodiment describes a radioactive ultra-thick nuclear graphite laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting device and a cutting method. Through multiple shallow cuts by alternating chemical-assisted laser cutting and mechanical cutting, efficient cutting of the target object is ultimately achieved. In this embodiment, nuclear graphite is used as an example of the target object for illustration.

[0048] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the composite cutting device includes a conversion component 1, a mechanical cutting component 2, a heat absorption and dust suction component 3, a laser cutting component 4, and a jet component 5. The mechanical cutting component 2, the heat absorption and dust suction component 3, the laser cutting component 4, and the jet component 5 are sequentially and spaced annularly on the conversion component 1. The conversion component 1, the mechanical cutting component 2, the heat absorption and dust suction component 3, the laser cutting component 4, and the jet component 5 are respectively connected to the central control unit of the robotic arm, and the actions of each component are controlled through the central control unit.

[0049] The conversion component 1 is the connection main body of the composite cutting device and provides conversion power for the whole composite cutting device. As Figures 3 to 5 shown, the conversion component 1 includes a converter end cover 1.1, a hollow main shaft 1.2, bearings 1.3, a turntable 1.4, a driving gear 1.5, a driving shaft 1.6, a turntable motor 1.7, a movable outer sleeve 1.8, a driven shaft 1.9, an internal gear 1.10, a driven gear 1.11, and a rope drum 1.12.

[0050] The converter end cover 1.1 is the fixed reference for the mechanical cutting component 2 and the laser cutting component 4. The composite cutting device is fixed to the end of the robotic arm through the converter end cover 1.1, and the composite cutting device moves along a specified path under the drive of the robotic arm. The hollow main shaft 1.2 is installed at the bottom of the converter end cover 1.1, and the movable outer sleeve 1.8 is sleeved on the hollow main shaft 1.2. The turntable motor 1.7 is installed in the internal through hole of the hollow main shaft 1.2 and is connected to the central control unit through a cable, and provides rotational power for the composite cutting device under the control of the central control unit. The lower part of the hollow main shaft 1.2 has a step, and the turntable 1.4 is installed on the step. The turntable 1.4 is an annular turntable, and the size of its central hole is the same as the inner hole size of the hollow main shaft 1.2. The inner side end of the turntable 1.4 is a stepped end. Bearings 1.3 are respectively sleeved on the upper and lower parts of the hollow main shaft 1.2. The inner rings of the upper and lower bearings 1.3 are respectively sleeved on the hollow main shaft 1.2. The outer ring of the upper bearing 1.3 is connected to the inner side of the movable outer sleeve 1.8, and the outer ring of the lower bearing 1.3 is installed on the stepped end of the turntable 1.4, so that the movable outer sleeve 1.8 and the turntable 1.4 can respectively rotate relative to the hollow main shaft 1.2. The movable outer sleeve 1.8 forms a closed space between the converter end cover 1.1 and the turntable 1.4, so that the bearings 1.3 are in a relatively sealed space, playing a role in protecting the bearings 1.3, avoiding interference of dust, etc. on the work of the bearings 1.3, preventing the leakage of lubricating oil, and at the same time enhancing the structural stability of the conversion component 1.

[0051] The output shaft of the turntable motor 1.7 is connected to the top end of the driving shaft 1.6, and the driving gear 1.5 is coaxially fixed to the lower part of the driving shaft 1.6. The driven shaft 1.9 is installed on the turntable motor 1.7, and the driven gear 1.11 is sleeved on the bottom end of the driven shaft 1.9. The driving gear 1.5 is meshed and connected with the driven gear 1.11. The internal gear 1.10 is coaxially fixed to the bottom of the turntable 1.4 and is meshed and connected with the driven gear 1.11. The turntable motor 1.7 drives the driving gear 1.5 to rotate through the driving shaft 1.6. The driving gear 1.5 drives the driven gear 1.11 to rotate together through meshing transmission. Further, the driven gear 1.11 drives the internal gear 1.10 to rotate, thereby realizing the rotation of the turntable 1.4.

[0052] The rope drum 1.12 is coaxially installed at the bottom end of the driving shaft 1.6. The upper end of the rope is fixed to the rope drum 1.12, and the lower end is connected to the mechanical cutting component 2. When the driving shaft 1.6 rotates, it drives the rope drum 1.12 to rotate. The rope drum 1.12 pulls the rope to wind on the rope drum 1.12. When the turntable motor 1.7 drives the rope drum 1.12 to rotate in the reverse direction, the rope on the rope drum 1.12 is released, thereby realizing the folding and opening of the cutting head in the mechanical cutting component 2.

[0053] The mechanical cutting component 2 is used to cut nuclear graphite mechanically. The mechanical cutting component 2 in this embodiment is a foldable reciprocating saw, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, including a reciprocating saw housing 2.1, a reciprocating saw motor 2.2, a worm 2.3, a worm gear 2.4, a folding saw rotating shaft 2.5, a reciprocating saw blade 2.6, a torsion spring 2.7, a saw blade guide piece 2.8, a guide rail 2.9, a slider 2.10, a wire guide tube 2.11 and a rope winding screw 2.12.

[0054] The reciprocating saw housing 2.1 is the installation main body of the foldable reciprocating saw, and its top end is installed on the turntable 1.4 through the through hole on the turntable 1.4. The reciprocating saw housing 2.1 has an upper cavity and a lower cavity that communicate with each other up and down. The shapes of the upper cavity and the lower cavity can be designed according to the actual working conditions. For example, in this embodiment, the upper cavity is a circular cavity and the lower cavity is a square cavity.

[0055] The reciprocating saw motor 2.2 is connected to the central control unit by a cable, providing cutting power for the mechanical cutting component 2. It is installed in the upper cavity of the reciprocating saw housing 2.1 by screws. The output shaft of the reciprocating saw motor 2.2 extends from the upper cavity to the lower cavity. A worm 2.3 is installed on the output shaft of the reciprocating saw motor 2.2, and the worm 2.3 is meshed and connected with a worm gear 2.4 in the lower cavity. Guide rails 2.9 are respectively installed on the left and right sides in the lower cavity. The left and right sides of a slider 2.10 are respectively in sliding contact with the guide rails 2.9. The slider 2.10 can slide up and down along the guide rails 2.9 in the lower cavity under the guiding and limiting of the guide rails 2.9. The center of the worm gear 2.4 is installed on the slider 2.10 through a cam on the back. The reciprocating saw motor 2.2 drives the worm gear 2.4 to move up and down along the worm 2.3 through the worm 2.3, and then the worm gear 2.4 drives the slider 2.10 to reciprocate up and down along the guide rails 2.9.

[0056] The saw blade guide piece 2.8 is installed in the square hole of the slider 2.10. The bottom end of the saw blade guide piece 2.8 extends out of the square hole and is hinged to the top end of the reciprocating saw blade 2.6 through a folding saw rotating shaft 2.5. A torsion spring 2.7 is sleeved on the folding saw rotating shaft 2.5. When the foldable reciprocating saw changes from the folded state to the working state, the torsion spring 2.7 plays a reset role for the reciprocating saw blade 2.6.

[0057] Above one of the guide rails 2.9, a guide rope tube 2.11 is installed in the lower cavity of the reciprocating saw housing 2.1. A rope passes through the guide rope tube 2.11. The guide rope tube 2.11 is used to define the movement track of the rope and prevent the rope from interfering with the worm gear 2.4 and the worm 2.3. A rope winding screw 2.12 is installed on a small hole on the reciprocating saw blade 2.6, and the rope is fixed on the rope winding screw 2.12. When the rope is wound around the rope drum 1.12 under the pull of the rope drum 1.12, the rope can pull the reciprocating saw blade 2.6 to fold upward through the rope winding screw 2.12 and play a traction role for the reciprocating saw blade 2.6. At this time, the saw blade guide piece 2.8 plays a guiding and limiting role. When the rope drum 1.12 rotates in the reverse direction to release the rope, the rope releases the pulling force on the reciprocating saw blade 2.6, and the reciprocating saw blade 2.6 resets under the spring force of the torsion spring 2.7.

[0058] The heat absorption and dust collection component 3 is used to absorb the heat and dust generated during cutting, such as Figure 8As shown in the figure, it includes a suction head 3.1, a first rigid pipe 3.2, and a first flexible pipe 3.3. On one side of the mechanical cutting component 2, the first rigid pipe 3.2 is installed on the turntable 1.4 through a through hole on the turntable 1.4. The suction head 3.1 is installed at the end of the first rigid pipe 3.2, and the opening direction of the suction head 3.1 faces the direction of the reciprocating saw blade 2.6. The upper end of the first rigid pipe 3.2 is connected to the air extraction device through the first flexible pipe 3.3. The central control unit controls the start and stop of the air extraction device. Under the suction of the air extraction device, the suction head 3.1 inhales heat and dust, and successively dissipates heat and outputs dust through the first rigid pipe 3.2, the first flexible pipe 3.3, and the air extraction device. When the turntable 1.4 rotates, the first flexible pipe 3.3 can be stretched within a certain length without affecting the cutting action of the composite cutting device.

[0059] The laser cutting component 4 is located on one side of the heat absorption and dust suction component 3 and is arranged opposite to the mechanical cutting component 2, and is connected to the central control unit for cutting nuclear graphite in a laser manner, such as Figure 9 As shown in the figure, the laser cutting component 4 includes a laser cutting head 4.1, a focusing component 4.2, a collimating component 4.3, and an optical fiber connection module 4.4. The optical fiber connection module 4.4 is installed on the turntable 1.4 through a through hole on the turntable 1.4. The top of the optical fiber connection module 4.4 is connected to the laser generator through an optical fiber. The end of the optical fiber connection module 4.4 is connected to the focusing module 4.2 through the collimating module 4.3, and the laser cutting head 4.1 is installed at the end of the focusing module 4.2. While receiving the laser, the optical fiber connection module 4.4 plays the role of improving the laser transmission efficiency and range and reducing the divergence angle of the laser beam. The collimating module 4.3 is used to control the laser precision, the focusing module 4.2 is used to change the focusing length of the laser beam, and the laser cutting head 4.1 is used to emit laser to cut the nuclear graphite material.

[0060] The gas jetting component 5 is located on one side of the laser cutting component 4 and is arranged opposite to the heat absorption and dust suction component 3, and is used to jet chemical gas (such as N2O) to assist laser cutting of nuclear graphite, such as Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the gas jetting component 5 includes a gas jetting head 5.1, a second rigid pipe 5.2, and a second flexible pipe 5.3. The second rigid pipe 5.2 is installed on the turntable 1.4 through a through hole on the turntable 1.4. The gas jetting head 5.1 is installed at the end of the second rigid pipe 5.2, and the gas jetting head 5.1 faces the cutting direction of the laser cutting head 4.1, forming a composite cutting tool head. The upper end of the second rigid pipe 5.2 is connected to the gas supply device through the second flexible pipe 5.3. The gas supply device jets gas outward through the gas jetting head 5.1 under the control of the central control unit. When the turntable 1.4 rotates, the second flexible pipe 5.3 can be stretched by a certain length, and the pipe will not affect the cutting.

[0061] Use the radioactive ultra-thick nuclear graphite laser and mechanical composite cutting device of this embodiment to cut nuclear graphite. According to the cutting working conditions, first perform laser cutting or mechanical cutting, and then perform alternating cutting according to the actual cutting working conditions. This embodiment takes laser cutting first as an example for illustration, and its cutting steps are as follows:

[0062] S1. The composite cutting device is installed at the end of the robotic arm through the bolts of the converter end cover 1.1 (other installation methods such as flange connection and clamping can also be used), and the composite cutting device is moved to the working position through the robotic arm;

[0063] S2. Perform laser cutting on the nuclear graphite;

[0064] 1) If the laser cutting head 4.1 is at the cutting position in the working position, start the air jet component 5; otherwise, first start the turntable motor 1.7 of the conversion component 1 to move the laser cutting head 4.1 to the working position, align it with the cutting position on the target nuclear graphite, and then start the air jet component 5;

[0065] If the laser cutting head 4.1 is not at the cutting position in the working position, drive the turntable 1.4 to rotate to move the laser cutting head 4.1 to the cutting position;

[0066] When the robotic arm moves the composite cutting device, try to align any component with the working position. The rotation angle of the turntable 1.4 can be set according to the installation angle of the component. For example, if the mechanical cutting component 2, the heat absorption and dust suction component 3, the laser cutting component 4, and the air jet component 5 are installed at 90° angular intervals, when the reciprocating saw blade 2.6 is in the working position, drive the turntable 1.4 to rotate 180°. When the suction head 3.1 or the air jet head 5.1 is in the working position, drive the turntable 1.4 to rotate ±90°;

[0067] 2). The gas transmission device sprays N2O gas to the cutting position on the nuclear graphite through the air jet head 5.1;

[0068] 3). Start the laser cutting component 4. The laser is transmitted into the fiber optic connection module 4.4 through the optical fiber, and is sequentially corrected by the collimation component 4.3 and focused by the focusing component 4.2, and is emitted to the cutting position on the nuclear graphite through the laser cutting head 4.1 for laser cutting;

[0069] The heat generated during cutting promotes the chemical reaction between N2O gas and graphite (the chemical reaction includes the reduction reaction of N2O and the oxidation reaction of graphite) to eliminate the graphite at the cutting position. The chemical formula is as follows:

[0070] C(s)+2N2O(g)→CO2(g)+2N2(g) ΔH>0

[0071] After the chemical reaction, the graphite and N2O gas are converted into non-toxic CO2 and N2;

[0072] 4), Keep the output of the laser and N2O gas, and use the robotic arm to drive the jet component 5 and the laser cutting component 4 to move along the specified path to achieve chemical-assisted laser cutting.

[0073] S3. When the laser cutting reaches the predetermined position, switch to mechanical cutting.

[0074] 1), When the jet component 5 and the laser cutting component 4 have completed the specified path (such as the predetermined depth of laser cutting), lift the composite cutting device through the robotic arm, start the turntable motor 1.7, and drive the turntable 1.4 to reverse 180°, so that the reciprocating saw blade 2.6 moves to the working position to ensure that the reciprocating saw blade 2.6 is aligned with the cutting position of the target nuclear graphite; at the same time, the rope drum 1.12 rotates synchronously to reduce the tension of the rope on the reciprocating saw blade 2.6, and the reciprocating saw blade 2.6 is reset and opened downward under the elastic force of the torsion spring 2.7.

[0075] 2), Start the reciprocating saw motor 2.2. The reciprocating saw motor 2.2 drives the worm 2.3 to rotate, drives the worm gear 2.4 to rotate, and the worm gear 2.4 drives the slider 2.10 to reciprocate up and down along the guide rail 2.9, so that the reciprocating saw blade 2.6 cuts the nuclear graphite; at the same time, the robotic arm drives the composite cutting device to move along the specified cutting path, so that the reciprocating saw blade 2.6 mechanically cuts the nuclear graphite along the specified path; while mechanically cutting, start the heat absorption and dust collection component 3 to perform heat dissipation and dust collection operations.

[0076] S4. When the central control unit receives that the mechanical cutting stress exceeds the threshold, control the mechanical cutting component 2 to stop, and switch back to laser cutting, and repeat steps S2 to S4, so as to perform alternating laser and mechanical cutting operations on the nuclear graphite.

[0077] S5. The central control unit judges whether the cutting work is completed. If the cutting work is completed, the central control unit controls the composite cutting device to stop and ends the cutting task. If the cutting work is not completed, repeat steps S2 to S5.

[0078] The methods for the central control unit of this embodiment to judge whether the cutting work is completed include but are not limited to manual instructions, judging by comparing the cutting pictures collected by the image acquisition component in real time with the expected cutting work completion standard, etc.

[0079] Although the principle of the present invention has been described in detail above in combination with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments are only explanations of the illustrative implementation modes of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. The details in the embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, any obvious changes such as equivalent transformation and simple substitution based on the technical solution of the present invention all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting device, characterized in that The composite cutting device includes a conversion component (1), a mechanical cutting component (2), a laser cutting component (4), and a jet component (5); The conversion component (1) includes a turntable (1.4) and a turntable motor (1.7); the mechanical cutting component (2) and the laser cutting component (4) are symmetrically installed at the bottom of the turntable (1.4), and on one side of the laser cutting component (4), the jet component (5) is installed on the turntable (1.4); The laser cutting component (4) includes a laser cutting head (4.1), and the laser cutting component (4) emits laser to cut the target through the laser cutting head (4.1); the jet component (5) includes a jet head (5.1), the jet head (5.1) faces the cutting direction of the laser cutting head (4.1), and the jet component (5) sprays gas to the target through the jet head (5.1); the turntable motor (1.7) drives the turntable (1.4) to rotate, driving the mechanical cutting component (2) and the laser cutting component (4) to alternately cut the target.

2. The laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting device according to claim 1, wherein The laser cutting component (4) further includes a focusing assembly (4.2), a collimating assembly (4.3), and an optical fiber connection module (4.4); the optical fiber connection module (4.4) is installed on the turntable (1.4), the optical fiber connection module (4.4) is connected to the focusing module (4.2) through the collimating module (4.3), and the laser cutting head (4.1) is installed at the end of the focusing module (4.2).

3. The laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The jet component (5) further includes a second rigid pipe (5.2) and a second flexible pipe (5.3); the second rigid pipe (5.2) is installed on the turntable (1.4), the jet head (5.1) is installed at the end of the second rigid pipe (5.2), and the jet head (5.1) faces the cutting direction of the laser cutting head (4.1); the upper end of the second rigid pipe (5.2) is connected to the gas transmission device through the second flexible pipe (5.3).

4. The laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that The mechanical cutting component (2) includes a reciprocating saw housing (2.1), a reciprocating saw motor (2.2), a worm (2.3), a worm gear (2.4), a folding saw rotating shaft (2.5), a reciprocating saw blade (2.6), a torsion spring (2.7), a saw blade guide piece (2.8), and a slider (2.10); The reciprocating saw housing (2.1) is mounted on the turntable (1.4). The interior of the reciprocating saw housing (2.1) includes an upper cavity and a lower cavity that communicate with each other vertically. The reciprocating saw motor (2.2) is mounted in the upper cavity of the reciprocating saw housing (2.1), and the output shaft of the reciprocating saw motor (2.2) extends into the lower cavity. The worm (2.3) is mounted on the output shaft of the reciprocating saw motor (2.2) and is meshed and connected with the turbine (2.4). The center of the turbine (2.4) is mounted on the slider (2.10) in the lower cavity. The reciprocating saw motor (2.2) drives the slider (2.10) to move up and down through the worm and turbine transmission. The saw blade guide (2.8) is mounted in the slider (2.10), and the bottom end of the saw blade guide (2.8) is hinged to the top end of the reciprocating saw blade (2.6) through the folding saw rotating shaft (2.5). The torsion spring (2.7) is sleeved on the folding saw rotating shaft (2.5).

5. The laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mechanical cutting component (2) further includes a rope winding screw (2.12), and the rope winding screw (2.12) is mounted on the reciprocating saw blade (2.6) for fixedly connecting the rope of the conversion component (1).

6. The laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting device according to claim 1, wherein, The conversion component (1) further includes a converter end cover (1.1), a hollow main shaft (1.2), a driving gear (1.5), a driving shaft (1.6), a driven shaft (1.9), an internal gear (1.10), and a driven gear (1.11). The hollow main shaft (1.2) is mounted at the bottom of the converter end cover (1.1), and the turntable (1.4) is mounted on the step at the lower part of the hollow main shaft (1.2). The internal gear (1.10) is coaxially mounted at the bottom of the turntable (1.4). The turntable motor (1.7) is mounted in the hollow main shaft (1.2). The output shaft of the turntable motor (1.7) is connected to the top end of the driving shaft (1.6), and the driving gear (1.5) is coaxially fixed at the lower part of the driving shaft (1.6). The driven shaft (1.9) is mounted on the turntable motor (1.7), the driven gear (1.11) is sleeved at the bottom end of the driven shaft (1.9), and the driving gear (1.5) is meshed and connected with the driven gear (1.11). The driven gear (1.11) is meshed and connected with the internal gear (1.10). The bottom end of the driving shaft (1.6) is connected to the rope connecting the mechanical cutting component (2).

7. The laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting device according to claim 6, wherein, The conversion component (1) further includes a rope drum (1.12), and the rope drum (1.12) is coaxially mounted at the bottom end of the driving shaft (1.6). The upper end of the rope is fixed on the rope drum (1.12). The turntable motor (1.7) drives the rope drum (1.12) to rotate through the driving shaft (1.6). When the rope drum (1.12) rotates, the rope is wound onto the rope drum (1.12) or the rope on the rope drum (1.12) is released.

8. The laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite cutting device further includes a heat-absorbing and dust-absorbing component (3); the heat-absorbing and dust-absorbing component (3) includes a suction head (3.1), a first rigid pipe (3.2), and a first flexible pipe (3.3); on one side of the mechanical cutting component (2), the first rigid pipe (3.2) is installed on the turntable (1.4), the suction head (3.1) is installed at the end of the first rigid pipe (3.2), and the opening direction of the suction head (3.1) faces the cutting direction of the mechanical cutting component (2); the upper end of the first rigid pipe (3.2) is connected to an air extraction device through the first flexible pipe (3.3).

9. A laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting method, characterized in that, The laser-chemical and mechanical composite cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 cuts nuclear graphite, and the cutting method is as follows: install the composite cutting device at the end of the robotic arm, and move the composite cutting device to the working position through the robotic arm; the mechanical cutting component (2) and the laser cutting component (4) alternately move to the working position through the conversion component (1) to perform multiple alternate cuts of mechanical cutting and chemically assisted laser cutting on the nuclear graphite; the chemical assistance is that the gas jetting component (5) in the composite cutting device jets N2O gas onto the nuclear graphite, and the N2O gas reacts chemically with the heat absorbed by the graphite during laser cutting, and the chemical formula is as follows: C(s)+2N2O(g)→CO2(g)+2N2(g) ΔH>0; At the same time, the robotic arm moves the composite cutting device along the specified cutting path, and the mechanical cutting component (2) and the laser cutting component (4) cut the nuclear graphite along the specified cutting path; until the cutting work is completed, the composite cutting device stops.

10. The laser chemical and mechanical composite cutting method according to claim 9, wherein The process of chemically assisted laser cutting is as follows: 1) When the laser cutting head (4.1) is at the cutting position in the working position, start the gas jetting component (5), otherwise first start the turntable motor (1.7) of the conversion component (1) to move the laser cutting head (4.1) to the working position, align it with the cutting position on the target nuclear graphite, and then start the gas jetting component (5); 2) The gas transmission device jets N2O gas onto the cutting position on the nuclear graphite through the gas jetting head (5.1); 3) Start the laser cutting component (4), the laser is transmitted into the fiber optic connection module (4.4) through the optical fiber, and is sequentially corrected by the collimation component (4.3) and focused by the focusing component (4.2), and is irradiated onto the cutting position on the nuclear graphite through the laser cutting head (4.1) for laser cutting; 4) Keep the laser and N2O gas output, and use the robotic arm to drive the gas jetting component (5) and the laser cutting component (4) to move along the specified path to achieve chemically assisted laser cutting.

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