Lathe high-precision positioning adjusting device and positioning adjusting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of lathe machining, and particularly discloses a lathe high-precision positioning adjusting device and a positioning adjusting method.The lathe high-precision positioning adjusting device comprises a lathe body, and the lathe body comprises a bottom plate and a top plate; a plurality of bottom telescopic cylinders are arranged on the bottom plate; a plurality of top telescopic cylinders are inversely arranged on the top plate; the bottom telescopic cylinder and / or the top telescopic cylinder are / is provided with a displacement sensor used for monitoring the displacement of the telescopic rod. The positioning adjusting method comprises the steps of positioning operation, workpiece pressing and the like, has the advantages of being good in fixing effect, high in workpiece three-dimensional space position positioning precision, good in replicability effect and the like, and meets the high-precision machining requirement for the special-shaped workpiece.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lathe machining, and particularly relates to a high-precision positioning and adjusting device and a positioning and adjusting method for a lathe. Background Art

[0002] In the field of machining, as a basic and key machining equipment, lathes are widely used in the manufacturing process of various parts. Among them, the positioning and adjusting accuracy of lathes directly affects the quality and production efficiency of machined parts. Therefore, the positioning and adjusting technology of lathes has always been a research focus in the industry.

[0003] With the continuous development of industrial technology, the requirements for the shape and performance of parts in various industries are becoming increasingly diverse, and the application of special-shaped workpieces is also becoming more and more extensive. However, special-shaped workpieces usually have complex outer contours, many curved surface features, and special structural features, which pose many challenges to their precise positioning, adjustment, and fixation during the lathe machining process. There are at least the following technical problems in actual operation:

[0004] (1) Poor applicability of general fixtures: Existing general fixtures, such as three-jaw chucks and four-jaw chucks, are mainly suitable for clamping workpieces with regular shapes. For special-shaped workpieces, due to their irregular outer shapes, it is difficult to fit well with the clamping surfaces of general fixtures, resulting in unstable clamping. During the machining process, the workpiece is prone to displacement and vibration, which directly affects the machining accuracy and may even lead to the generation of machining rejects.

[0005] (2) Complex adjustment process: During the machining process, due to the complexity of special-shaped workpieces, the adjustment process is often relatively complex, requiring rich experience and professional knowledge, which increases the work difficulty and labor intensity of operators. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a high-precision positioning and adjusting device and a positioning and adjusting method for a lathe to solve the technical problems in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A high-precision positioning and adjusting device for a lathe includes a lathe body, and the lathe body includes a bottom plate and a top plate; a plurality of bottom telescopic cylinders are arranged on the bottom plate; a plurality of top telescopic cylinders are arranged upside down on the top plate; a displacement sensor is installed on the bottom telescopic cylinder and / or the top telescopic cylinder for monitoring the displacement of the telescopic rod.

[0009] Optionally, a lathe operation area is reserved on the top plate to enable the lathe tool to process the workpiece to be machined.

[0010] Optionally, a pressure monitoring head is provided at the end of the telescopic rod of the bottom telescopic cylinder and / or the top telescopic cylinder, and the pressure monitoring head is used to monitor the extrusion pressure between the telescopic rod and the workpiece to be processed.

[0011] Optionally, the pressure monitoring head includes a monitoring head body, and a movable block is movably arranged in the monitoring head body, and a pressure sensor is arranged at the upper end of the movable block.

[0012] Optionally, a ring gear is arranged on the bottom plate; a positioning device is movably arranged along the ring gear on the ring gear; the positioning device is used to position the positioning point of the workpiece to be processed, so as to realize the repeatable operation of accurately positioning the workpiece to be processed.

[0013] Optionally, the positioning device includes a walking adjustment component and a positioning and pressing component. The walking adjustment component includes a driving operation cavity, and a driving gear is movably arranged in the driving operation cavity; the driving gear is arranged corresponding to the ring gear; upper and lower shaft rods are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the driving gear, the upper shaft rod can rotatably pass through the upper moving block, and the lower end of the lower shaft rod is rotatably fixed to the lower moving block; extrusion rods are arranged on the side parts of the upper moving block and the lower moving block, and the left and right positions of the upper moving block and the lower moving block are adjusted by the left and right displacement of the extrusion rods, so as to drive the driving gear to displace in the left and right directions, so as to make the driving gear engage with, press or separate from the ring gear; the positioning and pressing component is arranged inside the walking adjustment component; the positioning and pressing component is provided with a pressing and positioning rod, and the pressing and positioning rod can be telescoped in the inner and outer directions, and the three-dimensional position of the workpiece to be processed is positioned by aligning and pressing the pressing and positioning rod with the horizontal positioning hole of the workpiece to be processed.

[0014] Optionally, the extrusion rod is U-shaped, a push rod is arranged on its left side, and the middle part of the extrusion rod passes through the adjusting screw rod. By rotating the nut on the adjusting screw rod, the left and right positions of the extrusion rod are adjusted, and then the left and right positions of the upper moving block and the lower moving block are adjusted by the left and right displacement of the push rod; a return spring is arranged on the push rod.

[0015] Optionally, reverse springs are respectively arranged on the left sides of the upper moving block and the lower moving block, and the upper moving block and the lower moving block are extruded to the right by the reverse springs.

[0016] Optionally, the positioning and pressing assembly includes a vertical displacement part; a positioning rod sleeve is arranged inside the vertical sliding block of the vertical displacement part. The inner cavity section of the positioning rod sleeve has a non-circular structure, and the pressing positioning rod is movably arranged therein. A non-circular sliding head is arranged on the inner end side of the pressing positioning rod corresponding to the inner cavity of the non-circular structure, and a rod body is arranged on the outer end side of the non-circular sliding head. The rod body is provided with an external thread, and the telescopic displacement of the pressing positioning rod is realized by rotating the nut sleeved on the external thread.

[0017] Optionally, a vertical adjusting screw is further arranged on the vertical sliding block, and the lowest position of the vertical sliding block is adjusted by the vertical adjusting screw.

[0018] Optionally, a central control circuit is further included. The central control circuit is used to collect and store the data of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor, and retrieve the stored data to control the telescopic movement of the bottom telescopic cylinder and the top telescopic cylinder.

[0019] A high-precision positioning and adjusting method for a lathe uses the high-precision positioning and adjusting device of the lathe as described above for positioning and adjusting, and includes the following steps:

[0020] S1: Positioning operation

[0021] (1) More than three horizontal positioning holes are arranged on the workpiece to be machined;

[0022] (2) Align the machining area of the workpiece to be machined with the lathe operation area on the top plate, and align the midline with the midline of the top plate with the midline of the machining area of the workpiece to be machined as the origin;

[0023] (3) Raise a number of bottom telescopic cylinders. When the operator sees that the whole workpiece to be machined is lifted, control all bottom telescopic cylinders to stop rising;

[0024] (4) Micro-regulate a single / partial bottom telescopic cylinder to make the axes of more than three horizontal positioning holes in a horizontal state;

[0025] (5) Move the walking adjustment assembly to make the pressing positioning rod of the positioning and pressing assembly align with the horizontal positioning hole, and position and press the workpiece to be machined from more than three directions by the pressing positioning rod;

[0026] (6) Record the spatial position of each pressing positioning rod at this time as the first recorded data;

[0027] (7) Store the displacement of all the bottom telescopic cylinders covered by the projection plane of the workpiece to be machined at this time as the first stored data;

[0028] S2: Workpiece pressing

[0029] (1) Control several top telescopic cylinders to slowly extend downward. Stop the downward extension when the pressure value monitored by the pressure monitoring head of the top telescopic cylinder reaches the set maximum threshold;

[0030] (2) Store the displacement of all top telescopic cylinders acting on the workpiece to be processed at this time, which is the second stored information;

[0031] (3) Process the workpiece to be processed;

[0032] S3: Reproducible machining operation

[0033] (1) Call the first stored data, raise the relevant bottom telescopic cylinders to the corresponding displacements respectively, and at the same time call the first recorded data to act on the second workpiece to be processed of the same model. Support the second workpiece to be processed through the bottom telescopic cylinders and position and clamp the second workpiece to be processed through the pressing and positioning rods;

[0034] (2) Call the second stored information, extend the relevant top telescopic cylinders downward respectively according to the stored displacements to realize the pressing and fixing of the second workpiece to be processed.

[0035] Advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art:

[0036] The present invention dispersedly presses the special-shaped workpiece by adopting several bottom telescopic cylinders and several top telescopic cylinders, and realizes uniform pressure distribution through decentralized extrusion, having the advantages of good fixing effect, high positioning accuracy of the spatial position of the workpiece, good reproducibility control effect, convenient operation, etc. Description of the drawings

[0037] Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of the lathe of the present invention after removing the positioning device;

[0038] Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the lathe of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the positioning device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the pressure monitoring head of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 is a top view of the lathe of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0042] The above content is a detailed description of this patent in combination with specific embodiments. It cannot be determined that the specific embodiments of this patent are only limited to the above description. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this patent pertains, without departing from the concept of this patent, several alternatives or modifications made to the above-described embodiments shall be regarded as falling within the protection scope of this patent. In the description of this specification, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in this specification can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Without conflict, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples. Although the embodiments of the present invention and their advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made herein without departing from the protection scope of the patent application.

[0043] A high-precision positioning and adjusting device for a lathe, as Figures 1 to 5 shown, includes a lathe body, and the lathe body includes a bottom plate 1 and a top plate 8, which are supported by a support frame 2; a plurality of telescopic holes 5 are provided on the bottom plate 1, and a bottom telescopic cylinder 4 is provided below the telescopic holes 5, and the lower part of the bottom telescopic cylinder 4 is fixed to a bracket 3; a plurality of top telescopic cylinders 7 are arranged upside down on the top plate; as Figure 1 shown, the bottom telescopic cylinder 4 and the top telescopic cylinder 7 can preferably be arranged coaxially and aligned; a displacement sensor is installed on the bottom telescopic cylinder and / or the top telescopic cylinder for monitoring the displacement of the telescopic rod. During specific processing, for example, a telescopic cylinder (the hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder uses a valve to control opening and closing) with a magnetostrictive displacement sensor or an electric telescopic cylinder (such as a servo electric cylinder, a stepping electric cylinder, an electric multi-stage telescopic cylinder) can be preferably set, etc.

[0044] Optionally, the top plate is reserved with a lathe operation area to enable the lathe tool to process the workpiece to be machined. And in this embodiment, the adopted scheme is as Figure 1 and Figure 5 shown, there are two top plates 8, and they are respectively movably fixed on the top plate bracket 10. A connecting plate 9 is provided at the top of the top plate bracket 10, and the top plate 8 is adjustably connected to the connecting plate 9 through bolts.

[0045] Optionally, as Figure 1 shown, a pressure monitoring head 7-1 is provided at the end of the telescopic rod of the bottom telescopic cylinder 4 and / or the top telescopic cylinder 7, and the pressure monitoring head is used to monitor the extrusion force between the telescopic rod and the workpiece to be machined. In this embodiment, as Figure 4As shown, the pressure monitoring head 7-1 includes a monitoring head body, the inner cavity 7-1-3 of the monitoring head body is movably provided with a movable block 7-1-1, the lower part of the movable block 7-1-1 is provided with a ball head 7-1-2, the ball head 7-1-2 is provided for improving the adaptability to the contact surface with the workpiece to be processed, such as an inclined surface, a curved surface, etc., and even if it is pressed against the inclined surface of a special-shaped workpiece, it can ensure the normal micro-displacement of the movable block 7-1-1, and then the pressure change value is monitored by the pressure sensor 7-1-5; the upper end of the movable block 7-1-1 is provided with a pressure sensor 7-1-5, and a wire outlet is reserved on one side of the inner cavity 7-1-3; the top of the pressure monitoring head 7-1 is provided with a connecting flange 7-1-4, which is used for detachable connection with the connecting piece at the end of the telescopic rod, so as to facilitate later maintenance and replacement.

[0046] Optional, such as Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the bottom plate 1 is supported by a plurality of supporting legs 12 and an annular gear ring 6 is provided; Figure 2 and Figure 3 The annular gear ring 6 is provided with a positioning device 11 which can move along the gear ring; the positioning device 11 is used to locate the positioning point of the workpiece to be processed, so as to realize the repeatable operation of accurately positioning the workpiece to be processed. For the convenience of recording and subsequent direct call, a circle of first scale (such as angle scale, etc.) can be provided on the annular gear ring 6;

[0047] Optionally, the positioning device includes a travel adjustment component and a positioning and clamping component, the travel adjustment component includes a drive operation chamber, and a drive gear 34 is movably arranged in the drive operation chamber; the drive gear 34 is arranged corresponding to the annular gear ring 6; Figure 3 As shown, the cross section of the annular gear ring 6 is convex-shaped and is an internal gear ring. The driving operation chamber is matched with the annular gear ring 6 and is sleeved on the annular gear ring 6. When the driving gear 34 is engaged with the annular gear ring 6, the positioning device is displaced along the annular gear ring 6 by turning the driving gear 34. In order to improve the adjustment accuracy of the positioning device, in this embodiment, the annular gear ring 6 can preferably have a small pitch, etc., to improve the displacement accuracy; after improving the displacement accuracy, the small pitch will lead to a decrease in the moving speed. In order to improve the rapid adjustment of the position of the positioning device during the positioning process, this embodiment adopts the following scheme:

[0048] like Figure 3As shown, upper and lower shaft rods 31 and a lower shaft rod are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the driving gear. The upper shaft rod 31 is rotatably passed through the upper moving block 29, and the lower end of the lower shaft rod is rotatably fixed to the lower moving block 14. A horizontal limiting protrusion may be arranged on the side wall of the upper moving block 29, and it is slidably arranged in the upper sliding groove 32 in the left-right direction. The lower moving block 14 is slidably arranged in the lower sliding groove 17 in the left-right direction.

[0049] An extrusion rod 16 is arranged on the side of the upper moving block 29 and the lower moving block 14. The left-right position adjustment of the upper moving block 29 and the lower moving block 14 is realized through the left-right displacement of the extrusion rod 16, and then the left-right displacement of the driving gear 34 is driven, so as to make the driving gear 34 engage with, press or separate from the annular gear ring 6.

[0050] Optionally, as Figure 3 shown, the extrusion rod 16 is U-shaped, and there are two push rods, upper and lower, arranged on its left side. The upper and lower push rods can be respectively inserted into the upper sliding groove 32 and the lower sliding groove 17, and its middle part is sleeved on the adjusting screw rod 26. The left-right position adjustment of the extrusion rod is realized by rotating the nut 27 on the adjusting screw rod 26, and then the left-right position adjustment of the upper moving block 29 and the lower moving block 14 is realized through the left-right displacement of the push rod. A return spring 15 is arranged on the push rod. Optionally, a first reverse spring 33 and a second reverse spring 13 are respectively arranged on the left sides of the upper moving block 29 and the lower moving block 14, and the upper moving block 29 and the lower moving block 14 are extruded to the right side by the first reverse spring 33 and the second reverse spring 13. For the convenience of rotating the driving gear 34, in this embodiment, the top of the upper shaft rod 31 penetrates outside the positioning device 11, and a manual dial 30 is arranged.

[0051] During use, the rotating nut 27 is located at the outermost side of the adjusting screw rod 26. At this time, the driving gear 34 is separated from the annular gear ring 6. Because the wheel body of the annular gear ring 6 is convex-shaped, the positioning device 11 can be directly pulled to move quickly on the annular gear ring 6 at this time, that is, coarse adjustment. After approaching the positioning point, fine adjustment is carried out at this time. The operation is as follows: the extrusion rod 16 is displaced to the left by rotating the nut 27, and the upper moving block 29 and the lower moving block 14 are pushed to displace to the left. At this time, the manual dial 30 can be slightly rotated to make the driving gear 34 fully engage with the annular gear ring 6, and then the positioning device 11 can be driven to finely displace along the annular gear ring 6 by continuously rotating the manual dial 30. After the positioning and pressing assembly corresponds to the positioning hole in the plane position, the nut 27 can be continuously tightened to make the driving gear 34 press against the annular gear ring 6 to realize the locking function.

[0052] The positioning and clamping assembly is arranged on the inner side of the travel adjustment assembly, and is connected by a connecting rod 11-1, so as to reserve an operating gap to realize the rotation operation of the nut 27; the positioning and clamping assembly is provided with a clamping and positioning rod, through which the clamping and positioning rod can be extended and retracted along the inner and outer directions, and the clamping and positioning rod is aligned and clamped with the horizontal positioning hole of the workpiece to be processed to realize the three-dimensional positioning of the workpiece to be processed. In this embodiment, the specific structure is as follows:

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, the positioning and clamping assembly includes a vertical displacement portion; the vertical displacement portion is provided with a linear slide rail assembly 28 (the linear slide rail assembly 28 may be provided with a second scale showing the height), and a positioning rod sleeve 20 is provided on the inner side of the vertical sliding block 19, and the inner cavity cross-section of the positioning rod sleeve 20 is a non-circular structure 21, on which the clamping and positioning rod is movably provided, and a non-circular slider 24 is provided on the inner end side of the clamping and positioning rod corresponding to the non-circular structure inner cavity, and a rod body 23 is provided on the outer end side of the non-circular slider 24, and the rod body is provided with an external thread, and the telescopic displacement of the clamping and positioning rod is achieved by rotating a nut 22 sleeved on the external thread. In actual processing, the three or more positioning holes arranged along a circle of the special-shaped workpiece to be processed are not necessarily all coplanar. Therefore, the rod body 23 can be adjusted in the upper and lower positions through this structure, and the rotation of the nut 22 is to achieve the expansion and contraction of the rod body 23, and then to achieve the alignment and compression of the positioning holes of the special-shaped workpiece to be processed. For example, in this embodiment, three positioning devices 11 are adopted, and the three positioning holes of the special-shaped workpiece to be processed are arranged according to the triangular position. At this time, the three positioning devices 11 are arranged according to the triangular orientation, and then the three-dimensional position of the special-shaped workpiece can be positioned and fixed. A third scale can be set on the rod body 23 to show the expansion and contraction amount of the rod body 23.

[0054] Optionally, a vertical adjustment screw 18 is also provided on the vertical sliding block 19, and a toggle wheel 25 is provided on the top of the vertical adjustment screw 18. The vertical adjustment screw 18 is used to adjust the lowest position of the vertical sliding block 19. The design of this structure is mainly for the convenience of positioning operation. When pressing the positioning holes of different heights, the position of the rod body 23 can be adjusted to a consistent height first, and then the nut 22 can be rotated to cause the rod body 23 to extend and press and fix the positioning holes.

[0055] In some embodiments, a pin 23-1 is provided at the front end of the rod body 23, and the pin 23-1 matches the aperture of the positioning hole, so that after the rod body 23 is extended, the pin 23-1 penetrates into the positioning hole of the special-shaped workpiece to be processed. The length of the pin 23-1 is preferably less than the depth of the positioning hole, or an elastic pin can be selected, so that the outer end of the rod body 23 can be squeezed onto the side wall of the special-shaped workpiece to be processed during clamping, thereby improving the clamping effect.

[0056] Optionally, it further includes a central control circuit, which is used to collect and store the data of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor, and retrieve the stored data to control the telescopic movement of the bottom telescopic cylinder and the top telescopic cylinder.

[0057] A high-precision positioning and adjusting method for a lathe, which uses the high-precision positioning and adjusting device of the lathe as described above for positioning and adjusting, and includes the following steps:

[0058] S1: Positioning operation

[0059] (1) There are more than three horizontal positioning holes on the workpiece to be processed (such as special-shaped workpieces, etc.). If there are three horizontal positioning holes, it is preferably set according to the triangular position.

[0060] (2) Align the processing area of the workpiece to be processed with the lathe operation area on the top plate, and align the midline with the midline of the top plate with the midline of the processing area of the workpiece to be processed as the origin; in this embodiment, as Figure 5 shown, by adjusting the gap between the two top plates 8, and then aligning the processing area with this gap, it is convenient for the relevant lathe tools to extend into the gap for processing operations, and then align the midline with this gap with the midline with the processing area as the origin.

[0061] (3) Raise several bottom telescopic cylinders. When the operator sees that the whole workpiece to be processed is lifted, control all the bottom telescopic cylinders to stop rising. At this time, the pressure monitoring heads on the bottom telescopic cylinders monitor the pressure values.

[0062] (4) Micro-adjust a single / partial bottom telescopic cylinder to make the axes of more than three horizontal positioning holes in a horizontal state.

[0063] (5) Move the walking adjustment component to make the pressing and positioning rod of the positioning and pressing component align with the horizontal positioning hole, and position and press the workpiece to be processed from more than three directions through the pressing and positioning rod.

[0064] (6) Record the spatial positions of each pressing and positioning rod at this time as the first recorded data (including the first scale value, the second scale value, and the third scale value).

[0065] (7) Store the displacement amounts of all the bottom telescopic cylinders covered by the projection plane of the workpiece to be processed at this time as the first stored data; the pressure values monitored at the tops of all the bottom telescopic cylinders supporting the workpiece to be processed are greater than 0. The system can use this as a signal to screen out all the relevant bottom telescopic cylinders, and extract and store their displacement amounts respectively.

[0066] S2: Workpiece pressing

[0067] (1) Control several top telescopic cylinders to slowly extend downward. When the pressure value monitored by the pressure monitoring head of the top telescopic cylinder reaches the set first pressure threshold (small pressure), suspend the downward extension. Until all the top telescopic cylinders corresponding to the top of the workpiece to be processed (special-shaped workpiece) reach the first pressure threshold, all the top telescopic cylinders stop extending downward. The system judges which top telescopic cylinders (redundant top telescopic cylinders) do not contact the workpiece to be processed through the pressure values monitored by the tops of the top telescopic cylinders. At this time, retract all the redundant top telescopic cylinders, and then perform synchronous downward extension control on all the top telescopic cylinders that have reached the first pressure threshold, so as to realize uniform and synchronous extrusion of the top surface of the workpiece to be processed. When the set maximum threshold is reached, stop extending downward; or by setting up a system display screen, view the pressure value and manually control the start and stop of the top telescopic cylinder; at this time, the pressure values of each relevant top telescopic cylinder and each relevant bottom telescopic cylinder can be obtained and stored as reference pressure values;

[0068] (2) Store the displacement of all the top telescopic cylinders acting on the workpiece to be processed at this time as the second stored information;

[0069] (3) The rod body 23 can be retracted, that is, the extrusion force of the rod body 23 on the workpiece to be processed is removed;

[0070] (4) Process the workpiece to be processed;

[0071] At this time, adjust the lathe tool to a fixed machining angle, such as drilling, cutting, etc. Just accurately control the displacement of the tool to obtain a reliable machining effect of the tool, and there will be no displacement due to the insecure fixation of the special-shaped workpiece, resulting in deviation of machining accuracy or even product scrapping.

[0072] S3: Reproducible machining operation

[0073] (1) Call the first stored data, raise the relevant bottom telescopic cylinders to the corresponding displacement respectively, and at the same time call the first recorded data to act on the second workpiece to be processed of the same model. Support the second workpiece to be processed through the bottom telescopic cylinders and position and clamp the positioning holes of the second workpiece to be processed through the pressing and positioning rods;

[0074] (2) Call the second stored information, extend the relevant top telescopic cylinders downward respectively according to the stored displacement to realize pressing and fixing of the second workpiece to be processed;

[0075] (3) By calling the reference pressure value for comparison, if the pressure value of the relevant telescopic cylinder is too small during this fixation, the telescopic cylinder with the corresponding number can be manually controlled to pressurize, so as to ensure that both the bottom telescopic cylinder and the top telescopic cylinder can tightly fix the workpiece to be processed, with the advantages of good fixation effect, high positioning accuracy of the three-dimensional space position of the workpiece, good replicability effect, etc., meeting the high-precision processing requirements for special-shaped workpieces.

Claims

1. A high-precision positioning and adjusting device for a lathe, characterized in that: It includes a lathe body, and the lathe body includes a bottom plate and a top plate; several bottom telescopic cylinders are arranged on the bottom plate; several top telescopic cylinders are arranged upside down on the top plate; displacement sensors are installed on the bottom telescopic cylinders and / or the top telescopic cylinders for monitoring the displacement of the telescopic rods.

2. The high-precision positioning and adjustment device for a lathe according to claim 1, wherein: A lathe operation area is reserved on the top plate to enable the lathe tool to process the workpiece to be machined.

3. A high-precision positioning and adjustment device for a lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pressure monitoring heads are arranged at the ends of the telescopic rods of the bottom telescopic cylinders and / or the top telescopic cylinders, and the pressure monitoring heads are used for monitoring the extrusion pressure between the telescopic rods and the workpiece to be machined.

4. A high-precision positioning and adjustment device for a lathe according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pressure monitoring head includes a monitoring head body, an activity block is movably arranged in the monitoring head body, and a pressure sensor is arranged at the upper end of the activity block.

5. A high-precision positioning and adjusting device for a lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: A ring gear is arranged on the bottom plate; a positioning device is arranged on the ring gear and can move along the gear ring; the positioning device is used for positioning the positioning points of the workpiece to be machined to realize the repeatable operation of accurately positioning the workpiece to be machined.

6. The high-precision positioning and adjustment device for a lathe according to claim 5, characterized in that: The positioning device includes a walking adjustment component and a positioning and pressing component. The walking adjustment component includes a driving operation cavity, and a driving gear is movably arranged in the driving operation cavity; the driving gear is arranged corresponding to the ring gear; upper and lower shaft rods are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the driving gear, the upper shaft rod can rotatably pass through the upper moving block, and the lower end of the lower shaft rod is rotatably fixed to the lower moving block; extrusion rods are arranged on the side parts of the upper moving block and the lower moving block, and the left and right positions of the upper moving block and the lower moving block are adjusted by the left and right displacement of the extrusion rods, so as to drive the driving gear to displace in the left and right directions, so as to enable the driving gear to be engaged with, pressed against or separated from the ring gear; the positioning and pressing component is arranged inside the walking adjustment component; the positioning and pressing component is provided with a pressing and positioning rod, and the pressing and positioning rod can be telescoped along the inner and outer directions, and the three-dimensional position of the workpiece to be machined is positioned by aligning and pressing the pressing and positioning rod with the horizontal positioning hole of the workpiece to be machined.

7. The high-precision positioning and adjustment device for a lathe according to claim 6, wherein: The extrusion rod is U-shaped, a push rod is arranged on its left side, and the middle part of the extrusion rod passes through the adjustment screw rod. By rotating the nut on the adjustment screw rod, the left and right positions of the extrusion rod are adjusted, and then the left and right positions of the upper moving block and the lower moving block are adjusted by the left and right displacement of the push rod; a return spring is arranged on the push rod.

8. A high-precision positioning and adjustment device for a lathe according to claim 6, characterized in that: Reverse springs are respectively arranged on the left sides of the upper moving block and the lower moving block, and the upper moving block and the lower moving block are extruded to the right by the reverse springs.

9. The high-precision positioning and adjustment device for a lathe according to claim 6, characterized in that: The positioning and pressing component includes a vertical displacement part; a positioning rod sleeve is arranged inside the vertical sliding block of the vertical displacement part, the inner cavity section of the positioning rod sleeve is of a non-circular structure, the pressing and positioning rod is movably arranged in it, a non-circular sliding head is arranged on the inner end side of the pressing and positioning rod corresponding to the non-circular inner cavity structure, a rod body is arranged on the outer end side of the non-circular sliding head, the rod body is provided with an external thread, and the telescopic displacement of the pressing and positioning rod is realized by rotating the nut sleeved on the external thread.

10. A high-precision positioning and adjustment device for a lathe according to claim 9, characterized in that: A vertical adjusting screw is further provided on the vertical sliding block, and the lowest position of the vertical sliding block is adjusted by the vertical adjusting screw.

11. A high-precision positioning and adjusting device for a lathe according to claim 4, characterized in that: It further includes a central control circuit, which is used to collect and store the data of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor, and retrieve the stored data to control the expansion and contraction of the bottom expansion cylinder and the top expansion cylinder.

12. A high-precision positioning and adjustment method for a lathe, characterized in that: Using the high-precision positioning and adjusting device for lathes as described in any one of claims 1 to 11 for positioning and adjustment, the following steps are included: S1: Positioning operation (1) More than three horizontal positioning holes are provided on the workpiece to be machined; (2) Align the machining area of the workpiece to be machined with the lathe operation area on the top plate, and align the center line with the center line of the top plate with the center line of the machining area of the workpiece to be machined as the origin; (3) Raise several bottom expansion cylinders. When the operator sees that the whole workpiece to be machined is lifted, control all bottom expansion cylinders to stop rising; (4) Perform fine adjustment on a single / partial bottom expansion cylinder to make the axes of more than three horizontal positioning holes in a horizontal state; (5) Move the traveling adjustment assembly to make the pressing and positioning rod of the positioning and pressing assembly align with the horizontal positioning hole, and position and press the workpiece to be machined from more than three directions through the pressing and positioning rod; (6) Record the spatial position of each pressing and positioning rod at this time as the first recorded data; (7) Store the displacement amounts of all the bottom expansion cylinders covered by the projection surface of the workpiece to be machined at this time as the first stored data; S2: Workpiece pressing (1) Control several top expansion cylinders to slowly extend downward. When the pressure value monitored by the pressure monitoring head of the top expansion cylinder reaches the set maximum threshold, stop extending downward; (2) Store the displacement amounts of all the top expansion cylinders acting on the workpiece to be machined at this time as the second stored information; (3) Machine the workpiece to be machined; S3: Replicable machining operation (1) Call the first stored data, raise the relevant bottom expansion cylinders to the corresponding displacement amounts respectively, and at the same time call the first recorded data and act on the second workpiece to be machined of the same style. Support the second workpiece to be machined through the bottom expansion cylinder and position and press the second workpiece to be machined through the pressing and positioning rod; (2) Call the second stored information, and extend the relevant top expansion cylinders downward according to the stored displacement amounts respectively to realize the pressing and fixing of the second workpiece to be machined.

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