An integrated reactor for rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and impurity dynamic adsorption

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of rare earth processing, and in particular to an integrated reactor for rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and dynamic impurity adsorption. The reactor comprises a shell, wherein the shell is divided into an outer layer and an inner layer. The outer layer is provided with a flow channel, and the inner layer is provided with an adjustment mechanism. A filter cavity is provided below the flow channel, and a reaction block is provided at the filter cavity. The flow path of the rare earth chloride molten salt after dehydration is changed by the stepped expansion flow channel, so as to prevent other substances from re-entering the rare earth chloride molten salt and affecting the flow rate and pressure of the rare earth chloride molten salt, while improving the efficiency and quality of the rare earth chloride molten salt filtration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rare earth processing, in particular to an integrated reactor for rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and impurity dynamic adsorption. Background Art

[0002] The Rare Earth Chloride Molten Salt Dehydration and Impurity Dynamic Adsorption Integrated Reactor is a device specifically designed for rare earth chloride molten salt treatment. It simultaneously dehydrates the molten salt and adsorbs impurities, ensuring high salt purity. Its core feature is the integrated dehydration and adsorption functions, which improves treatment efficiency.

[0003] Existing reactors achieve efficient purification through the synergistic effect of dehydration and adsorption mechanisms. The molten salt is first heated in a vacuum or inert gas to evaporate the water. The vacuum environment can be used to lower the dehydration temperature and avoid high-temperature decomposition; at the same time, chlorides are prevented from reacting with water to form chloride oxides; they are then introduced into the adsorbent to achieve continuous adsorption during the flow of the molten salt, thereby improving the reaction efficiency. However, due to differences in reaction conditions, different operating requirements and material selection limitations, the integrated reactor for rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and impurity dynamic adsorption cannot dehydrate and remove impurities at the same time. If the transition between the two is too fast, it may lead to a decline in reactor performance, reduced product purity and an increased risk of equipment damage. However, step-by-step introduction will cause low efficiency of the integrated reactor, thereby affecting the efficiency of rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and impurity adsorption. In order to improve the reaction efficiency, a catalyst is added. However, at high temperatures, long-term exposure of the catalyst will cause deactivation, thereby affecting the service life of the catalyst.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the existing technology usually adopts a separate working method, which cools the dehydrated rare earth chloride molten salt and then transports it to the inside of the impurity dynamic adsorption equipment. In this process, inert gas is used for transmission. However, working alone will lead to low processing efficiency of rare earth chloride molten salt and cause energy waste.

[0005] Based on this, in order to solve the problem that it is difficult to remove impurities in time after rare earth chloride molten salt is dehydrated, which causes other substances to re-enter the rare earth chloride molten salt and affect the quality and efficiency of rare earth chloride molten salt impurity removal, the present invention designs an integrated reactor for rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and impurity dynamic adsorption. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides an integrated reactor for rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and impurity dynamic adsorption, which solves the problem that it is difficult to remove impurities in time after the rare earth chloride molten salt is dehydrated, resulting in other substances re-entering the rare earth chloride molten salt and affecting the quality and efficiency of the rare earth chloride molten salt impurity removal. By changing the flow path of the rare earth chloride molten salt after dehydration through a stepped expansion flow channel, other substances are prevented from re-entering the rare earth chloride molten salt and affecting the flow rate and pressure of the rare earth chloride molten salt, while the efficiency and quality of the rare earth chloride molten salt filtration are improved.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides an integrated reactor for rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and dynamic impurity adsorption, comprising a housing divided into an outer layer and an inner layer. The outer layer is provided with a flow channel, and the inner layer is equipped with a regulating mechanism. A filter chamber is provided below the flow channel, and a reaction block is located within the filter chamber. The regulating mechanism drives the reaction block to rotate, and the reaction block contacts the molten liquid flowing out of the flow channel and adsorbs impurities into the filter chamber. The regulating mechanism drives the reaction block to fully react with the rare earth chloride molten salt, thereby forming dynamic impurity adsorption and improving impurity removal efficiency.

[0009] Preferably, the flow channel is divided into a pressure reduction zone, a heating zone, and a flow section, which are arranged in order from top to bottom. The pressure reduction zone has a funnel-shaped cross-section, and the heating zone has an S-shaped cross-section. A heating element is installed on the outer layer in the heating zone. The heating element fits in the heating zone, and the S-shaped heating zone can fully heat the rare earth chloride molten salt, thereby completely dehydrating the rare earth chloride molten salt, thereby improving the dehydration effect of the rare earth chloride molten salt.

[0010] Preferably, the inner layer is provided with a placement cavity, and the adjustment mechanism includes a motor, a rotating shaft, a turntable, a compression block, a chute, a compression spring, and a baffle. The motor is installed in the placement cavity, the rotating shaft is installed at the output end of the motor, the compression block is installed on the inner wall of the inner layer, the chute is provided on the turntable, the reaction block is installed in the chute, one end of the compression spring is installed at the bottom of the chute, and the other end of the compression spring is connected to the reaction block, and the baffle is installed at the center of the turntable. The gap between the reaction block and the turntable can allow the rare earth chloride molten salt to circulate, thereby ensuring that the reacted rare earth chloride molten salt can circulate, on the one hand avoiding blockage of impurities after the reaction, and on the other hand enabling the rare earth chloride molten salt to react fully.

[0011] Preferably, an extrusion plate is installed above the baffle, and the edge of the extrusion plate is in contact with the inner layer. The extrusion plate limits the height of the rare earth chloride molten salt on the turntable and also blocks the upper edge of the filter cavity, preventing the rare earth chloride molten salt from not rotating along the set turntable after exiting the filter cavity.

[0012] Preferably, a spiral blade is installed below the rotating shaft, and the spiral blade spirals downward along the direction of rotation. By adding the spiral blade, the accumulation of materials below the turntable is avoided, thereby improving the effect of dynamic adsorption of impurities.

[0013] Preferably, a coupling plate is mounted on the chute, and a bump is mounted on the bottom of the coupling plate. The coupling plate complements the reaction block at the chute. On the one hand, it can promote the dynamic adsorption of impurities in the rare earth chloride molten salt, thereby improving the separation effect of the rare earth chloride molten salt. On the other hand, the reaction block can protect the bump. When the reaction block is not squeezed, it can block the bump to prevent the catalyst in the bump from being deactivated by high temperature.

[0014] Preferably, reactants are mounted on the surface of the reaction block, and a reflective surface is provided on the surface of the reaction block, wherein the reflective surface is hemispherical, so as to facilitate the catalytic effect on the rare earth chloride molten salt reaction, thereby improving the efficiency of dynamic adsorption of impurities.

[0015] Preferably, the outer layer is provided with an air channel, and an inert gas flows into the pressure reduction zone in the air channel. The inert gas can improve the dehydration efficiency and protect the catalyst.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. The present invention proposes an integrated reactor for rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and dynamic impurity adsorption. This reactor removes moisture from the rare earth chloride molten salt through a stepped expansion flow channel combined with heating, thereby forming layers. The rare earth chloride molten salt then enters the shell from above and comes into contact with a reaction block in a filter cavity. Simultaneously, an adjustment mechanism drives the reaction block and the rare earth chloride molten salt to fully react, thereby forming dynamic impurity adsorption and improving impurity removal efficiency.

[0018] 2. The present invention proposes an integrated reactor for rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and impurity dynamic adsorption. As the feed port is transmitted, the rare earth chloride molten salt flows downward along the pressure reduction zone. When the aperture changes from a large diameter to a small diameter, the flow rate accelerates and the pressure decreases, thereby accelerating the flow of the molten salt through cross-sectional contraction. Inert gas bubbling is used to remove water vapor, facilitating the separation of moisture during heating. The S-shaped heating zone enables the rare earth chloride molten salt to be heated more fully, thereby completely dehydrating the rare earth chloride molten salt, thereby improving the dehydration effect of the rare earth chloride molten salt.

[0019] 3. The present invention proposes an integrated reactor for rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and dynamic adsorption of impurities. When the motor starts to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating shaft will drive the turntable to rotate, thereby driving the reaction block on the turntable to rotate. The reaction block is in full contact with the rare earth chloride molten salt in the filter cavity, and then the reactants on its surface can fully react with the rare earth chloride molten salt. During the rotation of the turntable, the reaction block on the turntable will intermittently contact the compression block, and then the compression block squeezes the reaction block, thereby driving the compression spring to compress. After the reaction block is compressed, the gap between the reaction block and the turntable can allow the rare earth chloride molten salt to circulate, thereby ensuring that the reacted rare earth chloride molten salt can circulate. On the one hand, it avoids blockage of impurities after the reaction, and on the other hand, it can enable the rare earth chloride molten salt to react fully, thereby improving the efficiency of dynamic adsorption of impurities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the specific implementation or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are an implementation of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the compression block of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the compression spring and the reaction block of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a state diagram of the reaction block of the present invention after being squeezed by the compression block.

[0027] In the figure: 1. Shell; 11. Outer layer; 111. Airway; 12. Inner layer; 121. Accommodation chamber; 2. Flow channel; 21. Decompression zone; 22. Heating zone; 23. Flow section; 3. Adjustment mechanism; 31. Motor; 32. Rotating shaft; 33. Turntable; 34. Compression block; 35. Slide; 36. Compression spring; 37. Baffle; 4. Filter chamber; 5. Reaction block; 51. Reflection surface; 6. Heating element; 7. Extrusion plate; 8. Spiral blade; 9. Coupling plate; 91. Bump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to better understand the above solution, the above technical solution is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0029] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides an integrated reactor for rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and impurity dynamic adsorption, comprising a shell 1, wherein the shell 1 is divided into an outer layer 11 and an inner layer 12, wherein the outer layer 11 is provided with a flow channel 2, and the inner layer 12 is provided with an adjusting mechanism 3, a filter chamber 4 is provided below the flow channel 2, and a reaction block 5 is provided at the filter chamber 4, wherein the adjusting mechanism 3 drives the reaction block 5 to rotate, and the reaction block 5 contacts the molten liquid flowing out of the flow channel 2 and adsorbs impurities into the filter chamber 4.

[0030] The materials of both outer layer 11 and inner layer 12 must be heat-resistant. The flow channel 2 on outer layer 11 is connected to the outside world. Above flow channel 2 is the feed port. Molten rare earth chloride salt enters the housing 1 from above and then comes into contact with reaction block 5 in filter chamber 4. Simultaneously, adjustment mechanism 3 drives reaction block 5 and molten rare earth chloride salt to fully react, resulting in dynamic impurity adsorption and improving impurity removal efficiency. The stepped expansion channel first contracts to accelerate the gas, then expands to decelerate, ensuring full contact between the molten salt and the gas.

[0031] In order to prevent the dehydrated molten salt from reabsorbing water or oxidizing during the adsorption stage, the flow channel 2 and the filter chamber 4 are separated by an airtight partition. A controllable valve is provided in the center of the partition. The valve is a high-temperature resistant valve, which can realize dynamic opening and closing; an inert gas injection hole can be added at the top of the filter chamber 4, and a sealing device is simultaneously added at the rotating shaft 32 to maintain a positive pressure environment. These are all existing technologies and will not be elaborated on in detail.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, the flow channel 2 is divided into a pressure reduction zone 21, a heating zone 22 and a flow section 23. The pressure reduction zone 21, the heating zone 22 and the flow section 23 are distributed from top to bottom in sequence. The cross-section of the pressure reduction zone 21 is funnel-shaped, and the cross-section of the heating zone 22 is S-shaped. A heating element 6 is installed on the outer layer 11 at the heating zone 22.

[0033] The cross-section of the depressurization zone 21 is funnel-shaped. As the feed port is transmitted, the rare earth chloride molten salt will flow downward along the depressurization zone 21. When the diameter changes from a large diameter to a small diameter, the flow rate is accelerated and the pressure is reduced, thereby accelerating the flow of the molten salt through cross-section contraction, and coordinating with the inert gas bubbling to take away water vapor, so that the water can be separated during heating. The S-shaped heating zone 22 can make the rare earth chloride molten salt heated more fully, thereby making the rare earth chloride molten salt completely dehydrated, thereby improving the dehydration effect of the rare earth chloride molten salt.

[0034] like Figure 2-5As shown, the inner layer 12 is provided with an accommodation cavity 121, and the adjustment mechanism 3 includes a motor 31, a rotating shaft 32, a turntable 33, a compression block 34, a slide 35, a compression spring 36, and a baffle 37. The motor 31 is installed in the accommodation cavity 121, the rotating shaft 32 is installed at the output end of the motor 31, the compression block 34 is installed on the inner wall of the inner layer 12, the slide 35 is provided on the turntable 33, the reaction block 5 is installed in the slide 35, one end of the compression spring 36 is installed at the bottom end of the slide 35, and the other end of the compression spring 36 is connected to the reaction block 5, and the baffle 37 is installed at the center position of the turntable 33.

[0035] When the motor 31 starts and drives the rotating shaft 32 to rotate, the rotating shaft 32 will drive the turntable 33 to rotate, thereby driving the reaction block 5 on the turntable 33 to rotate. The reaction block 5 is fully in contact with the rare earth chloride molten salt in the filter chamber 4, and then the reactants on its surface (depending on the composition of the impurities to be removed) can fully react with the rare earth chloride molten salt. During the rotation of the turntable 33, the reaction block 5 on the turntable 33 will intermittently contact the compression block 34, and then the compression block 34 squeezes the reaction block 5, thereby driving the compression spring 36 to compress. After the reaction block 5 is compressed, the gap between the reaction block 5 and the turntable 33 can allow the rare earth chloride molten salt to flow, thereby ensuring that the reacted rare earth chloride molten salt can flow, on the one hand avoiding blockage of impurities after the reaction, and on the other hand allowing the rare earth chloride molten salt to react fully, thereby improving the efficiency of dynamic adsorption of impurities. The baffle 37 here blocks the rare earth chloride molten salt to prevent it from overflowing and can constrain the flow trajectory of the rare earth chloride molten salt.

[0036] The compression spring 36 is made of high temperature resistant material and thus cannot be deactivated in the high temperature environment of the molten salt. The compression spring 36 can be replaced by a magnetic drive to achieve compression and reset of the reaction block 5 .

[0037] like Figure 6 As shown, an extrusion plate 7 is installed above the baffle 37 , and the edge of the extrusion plate 7 is in contact with the inner layer 12 .

[0038] The extrusion plate 7 limits the height of the rare earth chloride molten salt on the turntable 33, and also blocks the upper edge of the filter chamber 4, preventing the rare earth chloride molten salt from not rotating along the set turntable 33 after coming out of the filter chamber 4, thereby failing to achieve the effect of dynamic adsorption of impurities.

[0039] like Figure 2-4As shown, a spiral blade 8 is installed below the rotating shaft 32, and the spiral blade 8 spirals downward in the direction of rotation. The spiral blade 8 here plays a conveying role. On the one hand, after the dynamic adsorption of impurities by the rare earth chloride molten salt, the impurities and the rare earth chloride molten salt are in a separated state. The two substances will hinder each other, and thus easily form precipitation and accumulation. By adding the spiral blade 8, the accumulation of materials below the turntable 33 is avoided, thereby improving the effect of dynamic adsorption of impurities.

[0040] like Figure 4-6 As shown, a mutual coupling plate 9 is installed on the chute 35, and a protrusion 91 is installed at the bottom of the mutual coupling plate 9. The mutual coupling plate 9 is a supplement to the reaction block 5 at the chute 35. When the reaction block 5 is squeezed and moved downward by the compression block 34, a gap that can accommodate the passage of the rare earth chloride molten salt is formed between the mutual coupling plate 9 and the reaction block 5. By installing the protrusion 91 at the bottom of the mutual coupling plate 9, the protrusion 91 is filled with a catalyst that accelerates the reaction of the rare earth chloride molten salt. On the one hand, it can promote the dynamic adsorption of impurities in the rare earth chloride molten salt, thereby improving the separation effect of the rare earth chloride molten salt. On the other hand, the reaction block 5 can protect the protrusion 91. When the reaction block 5 is not squeezed, it can block the protrusion 91 to prevent the catalyst in the protrusion 91 from being deactivated under high temperature, thereby improving the efficiency of the rare earth chloride molten salt reaction and extending the service life.

[0041] In order to improve the utilization efficiency of the catalyst, the catalyst is encapsulated in high-temperature resistant ceramic microcapsules and is released only during the adsorption stage by setting a trigger mechanism or an electronically controlled valve. If no microcapsules are added, the catalyst can be replaced regularly to ensure the activity of the catalyst.

[0042] like Figure 4-5 As shown, reactants are mounted on the surface of the reaction block 5, and a reflective surface 51 is provided on the surface of the reaction block 5. The reflective surface 51 is hemispherical. After the reaction block 5 is squeezed by the compression block 34, the rare earth chloride molten salt located on the reflective surface 51 can fully fit with the protrusion 91, thereby facilitating the catalytic effect of the rare earth chloride molten salt reaction, thereby improving the efficiency of dynamic adsorption of impurities.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, the outer layer 11 is provided with an air channel 111, through which an inert gas flows toward the depressurization zone 21. The inert gas can improve the dehydration efficiency and protect the catalyst from deactivation or separation due to overheating, thereby affecting the dynamic adsorption of impurities by the rare earth chloride molten salt.

[0044] When it is necessary to dehydrate the rare earth chloride molten salt and dynamically adsorb impurities, the rare earth chloride molten salt is added from the top of the shell 1, and then the rare earth chloride molten salt will gradually circulate along the flow channel 2, initially passing through the depressurization zone 21, and the formation speed of the air channel 111 is accelerated. Affected by the cross-sectional shape of the depressurization zone 21, the rare earth chloride molten salt is gradually increasing from entering the depressurization zone 21 to flowing out of the depressurization zone 21, which is conducive to the circulation of the rare earth chloride molten salt. At the same time, the inert gas circulating in the air channel 111 further cooperates, thereby realizing the transportation and transfer of the rare earth chloride molten salt; then the rare earth chloride molten salt enters the heating zone 22 from the depressurization zone 21. Under the heat action of the heating element 6, the rare earth chloride molten salt in the heating zone 22 is bent in an S shape, and the temperature gradually increases. On the one hand, it becomes a molten state and is convenient for circulation. On the other hand, the internal moisture is dried under the action of heat, thereby entering the next circulation section 23 and finally entering the filter cavity 4 under the action of gravity;

[0045] The staff starts the motor 31, and the motor 31 drives the rotating shaft 32 to rotate. When the rotating shaft 32 rotates, it drives the turntable 33 to rotate, and the turntable 33 drives the reaction block 5 to rotate, so that the reaction block 5 is located in the filter chamber 4. Slide and mix, so that the rare earth chloride molten salt can fully contact the reaction block 5, thereby improving the reaction efficiency of the rare earth chloride molten salt; when the reaction block 5 rotates to the compression block 34 installed on the corresponding inner layer 12, the compression block 34 will squeeze the reaction block 5 downward, so that the reaction block 5 drops, and the reaction block 5 squeezes the compression spring 36. The compression block 34 is located at the outer edge of the reaction block 5. At this time, when the inner edge of the reaction block 5 is concave downward, a certain gap is exposed, and then the rare earth chloride molten salt will flow downward along the gap, pass through the gap between the mutual coupling plate 9 and the reaction block 5, and fall to the spiral blade 8 below. When the motor 31 drives the rotating shaft 32 to rotate, it also drives the spiral blade 8 to rotate, thereby driving the rare earth chloride molten salt to spirally transport downward, thereby realizing the collection process.

[0046] During this process, a catalyst is installed in the protrusion 91 on the mutual coupling plate 9, which can promote the reactants on the reaction block 5 to fully react with the rare earth chloride molten salt, thereby forming dynamic impurity adsorption, and the generated rare earth chloride molten salt is separated from the impurities. On the one hand, the precipitated impurities are squeezed upward by the reaction block 5, and on the other hand, they are transported downward along the spiral blade 8, which is convenient for separation from the rare earth chloride molten salt in the subsequent process, thereby forming a combination of dehydration and dynamic impurity adsorption.

[0047] The above shows and describes the basic principles and beneficial effects of the present invention. At the same time, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Without departing from the effects and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements. These changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and impurity dynamic adsorption integrated reactor, characterized by: The invention comprises a shell (1), wherein the shell (1) is divided into an outer layer (11) and an inner layer (12), wherein the outer layer (11) is provided with a flow channel (2), and the inner layer (12) is provided with an adjusting mechanism (3), a filter chamber (4) is provided below the flow channel (2), and a reaction block (5) is provided at the filter chamber (4), wherein the adjusting mechanism (3) drives the reaction block (5) to rotate, and the reaction block (5) contacts the molten liquid flowing out of the flow channel (2) and absorbs impurities into the filter chamber (4); The flow channel (2) is divided into a pressure reduction zone (21), a heating zone (22) and a flow section (23), wherein the pressure reduction zone (21), the heating zone (22) and the flow section (23) are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the cross section of the pressure reduction zone (21) is funnel-shaped, and a heating element (6) is installed on the outer layer (11) at the heating zone (22); The outer layer (11) is provided with an air passage (111), and an inert gas flows through the air passage (111) toward the pressure reduction zone (21).

2. The rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and impurity dynamic adsorption integrated reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner layer (12) is provided with a placement cavity (121), and the adjustment mechanism (3) includes a motor (31), a rotating shaft (32), a rotating disk (33), a compression block (34), a slide (35), a compression spring (36), and a baffle (37). The motor (31) is installed in the placement cavity (121), the rotating shaft (32) is installed at the output end of the motor (31), the compression block (34) is installed on the inner wall of the inner layer (12), the slide (35) is provided on the rotating disk (33), the reaction block (5) is installed in the slide (35), one end of the compression spring (36) is installed at the bottom end of the slide (35), and the other end of the compression spring (36) is connected to the reaction block (5), and the baffle (37) is installed at the center of the rotating disk (33).

3. The rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and impurity dynamic adsorption integrated reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: An extrusion plate (7) is installed above the baffle (37), and the edge of the extrusion plate (7) is in contact with the inner layer (12).

4. The rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and impurity dynamic adsorption integrated reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: A spiral blade (8) is installed below the rotating shaft (32), and the spiral blade (8) spirals downward along the direction of rotation.

5. The rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and impurity dynamic adsorption integrated reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: A mutual coupling plate (9) is installed on the slide groove (35), and a protrusion (91) is installed on the bottom of the mutual coupling plate (9).

6. The rare earth chloride molten salt dehydration and impurity dynamic adsorption integrated reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: Reactants are mounted on the surface of the reaction block (5), and a reflecting surface (51) is provided on the surface of the reaction block (5), wherein the reflecting surface (51) is hemispherical.

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