Vertical shaft and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a vertical shaft and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of engineering drilling, the vertical shaft comprises a fixed beam, a shaft wall, a blade foot and a connecting plate, the fixed beam is fixed at the top of a foundation pit, the fixed beam is provided with a wellhead communicated with the foundation pit, the shaft wall is arranged in the foundation pit, the blade foot is arranged at the bottom of the shaft wall, and the top of the shaft wall is fixedly connected with the wellhead of the fixed beam; the well wall comprises a plurality of pipe rings, every two adjacent pipe rings are detachably connected into a whole through a first connecting device, the blade foot and the pipe ring at the bottom are detachably connected into a whole through a first connecting device, and the connecting plate is fixed to the blade foot, located on the inner side of the well wall and used for being fixedly connected with well digging equipment. One side of the well wall is settled, new pipe rings are simultaneously connected to the upper surface of the well wall layer by layer, and the well wall and the well digging equipment can be simultaneously lifted through the connecting plate by using one lifting equipment, so that the energy consumption is lower, the operation is simpler, and the well manufacturing cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of engineering drilling, and particularly relates to a vertical shaft and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In various foundation projects, excavation of vertical shafts on the ground is involved. After the vertical shafts are dug, steel reinforcement cages are installed and concrete is poured. The vertical shafts have different types of end face shapes and sizes. The current open caisson construction process uses two sets of independent lifting devices to lift the shaft wall and the shaft sinking equipment respectively. During the pouring of the bottom seal concrete, a separate lifting device is required to keep the shaft wall suspended in the vertical shaft until the bottom seal is completed. Since the shaft wall is an integral structure, there are defects such as high construction difficulty, high energy consumption, inconvenient operation, and high cost.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a vertical shaft and a construction method thereof that are convenient to operate, have lower construction difficulty, and lower cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a vertical shaft and a construction method thereof to solve the technical problems of high construction difficulty, high energy consumption, and inconvenient operation in the prior art for vertical shaft construction.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A vertical shaft, characterized in that: it includes a fixed beam, a shaft wall, a cutting edge, and a connecting plate. The fixed beam is fixed on the top of the foundation pit. The fixed beam is provided with a wellhead communicating with the foundation pit. The shaft wall is arranged in the foundation pit. The cutting edge is arranged at the bottom of the shaft wall. The top of the shaft wall is fixedly connected to the wellhead of the fixed beam. The shaft wall includes a plurality of pipe rings. Between adjacent two of the pipe rings and between the cutting edge and the bottom pipe ring, they are detachably connected into one body through a first connecting device. The connecting plate is fixed on the cutting edge and is located inside the shaft wall for fixedly connecting with the shaft sinking equipment.

[0006] To better implement the present invention, further optimization is made in the above structure. The first connecting device includes a first connecting head and a first bolt. The top of the pipe ring is provided with a first counterbore and the bottom is provided with a second counterbore. The outer wall of the pipe ring is provided with a first inclined hole and a second inclined hole respectively communicating with the first counterbore and the second counterbore. One end of the first connecting head is inserted into the first counterbore, and the other end of the first connecting head is inserted into the second counterbore of the adjacent pipe ring. Two of the first bolts are respectively inserted into the first inclined hole and the first inclined hole and are screwed with both ends of the first connecting head.

[0007] To better implement the present invention, further optimization is made in the above structure. The top of the cutting edge is provided with a third counterbore. One end of the first connecting head is inserted into the third counterbore and the other end is inserted into the second counterbore of the bottom pipe ring.

[0008] To better implement the present invention, further optimization is made to the above structure, and first sealing rings are sleeved at both ends of the first connector.

[0009] To better implement the present invention, further optimization is made to the above structure, and the pipe ring includes a second connecting device and two semi-rings, and the two semi-rings are detachably connected into one body through the second connecting device.

[0010] To better implement the present invention, further optimization is made to the above structure, and the second connecting device includes a second connector and second bolts. Fourth counterbores are provided at both ends of the semi-ring, and third inclined holes communicating with the fourth counterbores are provided on the outer wall of the semi-ring. Two ends of the second connector are respectively inserted into the two fourth counterbores corresponding to the two semi-rings in position, and the two second bolts are respectively inserted into the two third inclined holes and are screwed with the two ends of the second connector.

[0011] To better implement the present invention, further optimization is made to the above structure, and second sealing rings are sleeved at both ends of the second connector.

[0012] To better implement the present invention, further optimization is made to the above structure, and a circumferential annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the pipe ring, and a pressing plate is provided on the outer wall of the cutting edge foot.

[0013] To better implement the present invention, further optimization is made to the above structure, and the connecting plate is provided with insertion holes.

[0014] A construction method for a shaft, characterized by comprising

[0015] Step 1: Level the site, excavate the foundation pit, pour the fixed beam, install the shaft wall and the cutting edge foot in the well opening of the fixed beam, install the shaft sinking equipment on the fixed beam, and fix the underground tunneling part of the shaft sinking equipment on the connecting plate;

[0016] Step 2: Use the lifting equipment to lift the cutting edge foot and the shaft sinking equipment to the tunneling position at the same time, use the actuator to push the pressing plate to anchor the inner wall of the foundation pit, the shaft sinking equipment excavates the rock and soil at the bottom of the shaft and below the cutting edge foot, the rock and soil are pumped to the water tanker through the slurry pump, and the clear water in the water tanker is supplemented into the well. Gradually lower the shaft wall and the shaft sinking equipment, relieve the pressure on the pressing plate before each lowering to retract the pressing plate, and install a new pipe ring at the top of the shaft wall in a timely manner after each lowering, and the actuator re-pushes the pressing plate to anchor the inner wall of the foundation pit;

[0017] Step 3: Measure the inclination of the shaft once for each section of the pipe ring installed. When measuring the inclination, the pressure on the pressing plate needs to be relieved. If the shaft inclines to one side, the excavation amount of the inner wall of the foundation pit can be increased in the opposite direction to facilitate deviation correction;

[0018] Step 4: After reaching the predetermined tunneling depth, check and adjust the inclination of the shaft, level the bottom of the shaft, drop all the cutting edges onto the foundation of the foundation pit, and fix the gap between the upper part of the shaft wall and the fixed beam through wedge blocks;

[0019] Step 5: Pour concrete for bottom sealing at the bottom of the shaft, and pour cement slurry between the shaft wall and the foundation pit through the bentonite slurry pipe to fill the gap between the shaft wall and the foundation pit. The upper part of the shaft wall is connected to the fixed beam through reinforced concrete.

[0020] The present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0021] The shaft provided by the present invention includes a fixed beam, a shaft wall, a cutting edge, and a connecting plate. The fixed beam is fixed at the top of the foundation pit. The fixed beam is provided with a wellhead communicating with the foundation pit. The shaft wall is arranged in the foundation pit. The cutting edge is arranged at the bottom of the shaft wall. The top of the shaft wall is fixedly connected to the wellhead of the fixed beam. The shaft wall includes a plurality of pipe rings. The adjacent two pipe rings and the cutting edge and the bottom pipe ring are detachably connected into one body through a first connecting device. The connecting plate is fixed on the cutting edge and located inside the shaft wall for fixedly connecting with the well-digging equipment. With this structure, the construction difficulty is lower. During the well-digging process, excavation can be carried out at the bottom while the shaft wall settles, and new pipe rings can be connected layer by layer on the shaft wall at the same time. Only one lifting device can lift the shaft wall and the well-digging equipment through the connecting plate at the same time, with lower energy consumption and simpler operation, reducing the well construction cost.

[0022] The present invention also provides a construction method for a shaft. By using this method, only one set of lifting equipment is needed to lift the cutting edge and the well-digging equipment at the same time. As the well-digging progresses, the shaft wall and the well-digging equipment are gradually lowered, and new pipe rings are timely installed at the top of the shaft wall, greatly reducing the construction difficulty, energy consumption, and cost. Description of the Drawings

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0024] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the shaft wall of the shaft in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 is a top view of the shaft in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 is a front view of the shaft wall;

[0027] Figure 4 is Figure 3 the view of A-A in

[0028] Figure 5 is Figure 4 An enlarged view of B in

[0029] Figure 6 is Figure 4 An enlarged view of C in

[0030] Figure 7 is Figure 3 The view of D-D in

[0031] Figure 8 is Figure 7 An enlarged view of E in

[0032] In the figure:

[0033] 1 - Fixed beam; 2 - Well wall; 3 - Cutting edge; 4 - Connecting plate; 5 - Wellhead; 6 - Pipe ring; 7 - First connector; 8 - First bolt; 9 - First counterbore; 10 - Second counterbore; 11 - First inclined hole; 12 - Second inclined hole; 13 - Third counterbore; 14 - First sealing ring; 15 - Half ring; 16 - Second connector; 17 - Second bolt; 18 - Fourth counterbore; 19 - Third inclined hole; 20 - Second sealing ring; 21 - Annular groove; 22 - Pressure plate; 23 - Socket hole. Specific embodiments

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more; the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] Embodiment 1:

[0038] In this embodiment, a shaft, as Figures 1 to 8 shown, includes a fixed beam 1, a shaft wall 2, a cutting edge 3, and a connecting plate 4. Specifically, the fixed beam 1 is fixed at the top of the foundation pit. The fixed beam 1 is provided with a wellhead 5 communicating with the foundation pit. The shaft wall 2 is arranged in the foundation pit. The cutting edge 3 is connected to the bottom of the shaft wall 2. The top of the shaft wall 2 is fixedly connected to the wellhead 5 of the fixed beam 1. The shaft wall 2 includes a plurality of pipe rings 6. The adjacent two pipe rings 6 and the cutting edge 3 and the bottom pipe ring 6 are detachably connected into one body through a first connecting device. The connecting plate 4 is fixed on the cutting edge 3 and located inside the shaft wall 2 for fixedly connecting with the well-digging equipment.

[0039] Adopting this structure, the construction difficulty is lower. During the well-digging process, excavation can be carried out at the bottom while the shaft wall 2 settles. New pipe rings 6 can be connected layer by layer on the shaft wall 2 at the same time. Only one lifting device is needed to lift the shaft wall 2 and the well-digging equipment simultaneously through the connecting plate 4, with lower energy consumption and simpler operation, reducing the well construction cost.

[0040] In this embodiment, as Figure 4 shown, the bottom of the cutting edge 3 forms an annular blade structure. After the well-digging is completed, the cutting edge 3 presses on the geotechnical layer at the bottom of the foundation pit under the gravity of the shaft wall 2 and cuts the geotechnical layer to anchor the position of the shaft wall 2.

[0041] As a specific implementation manner of this embodiment, as Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the above-mentioned first connecting device includes a first connector 7 and a first bolt 8. The top of each of the above-mentioned pipe rings 6 is provided with a first counterbore 9 and the bottom is provided with a second counterbore 10. The outer wall of the above-mentioned pipe ring 6 is provided with a first inclined hole 11 and a second inclined hole 12 that are respectively communicated with the above-mentioned first counterbore 9 and the second counterbore 10. One end of the above-mentioned first connector 7 is inserted into the above-mentioned first counterbore 9, and the other end of the above-mentioned first connector 7 is inserted into the above-mentioned second counterbore 10 of the adjacent pipe ring 6. The two above-mentioned first bolts 8 are respectively inserted into the above-mentioned first inclined hole 11 and the first inclined hole 11 and are screwed to both ends of the above-mentioned first connector 7, so as to connect two adjacent above-mentioned pipe rings 6 into one body through the above-mentioned first connecting device. Among them, the cross-section of the above-mentioned first connector 7 is rectangular, and the above-mentioned first counterbore 9 and the second counterbore 10 are rectangular holes matching the above-mentioned first connector 7.

[0042] In this embodiment, the number of the above-mentioned first connecting devices is multiple, and the multiple above-mentioned first connecting devices are uniformly arranged along the circumferences of the top surface and the bottom surface of the above-mentioned pipe ring 6, so that the connection between two adjacent above-mentioned pipe rings 6 is more reliable and the structural strength is higher.

[0043] Furthermore, as Figure 6 shown, the top of the above-mentioned cutting edge 3 is provided with a third counterbore 13. One end of the above-mentioned first connector 7 is inserted into the above-mentioned third counterbore 13 and the other end is inserted into the second counterbore 10 of the above-mentioned pipe ring 6 at the bottom. The side wall of the above-mentioned cutting edge 3 can be provided with inclined holes to fix the above-mentioned first connector 7, or directly rely on the self-weight of the above-mentioned well wall 2 to ensure that the connection between the above-mentioned cutting edge 3 and the pipe ring 6 is tight. Of course, the first connector 7 of the above-mentioned pipe ring 6 at the bottom can also be directly welded and fixed to the above-mentioned cutting edge 3 into one body, and the operation is more convenient.

[0044] As an optimization, first sealing rings 14 are sleeved on both ends of the above-mentioned first connector 7. The above-mentioned first sealing rings 14 can form an elastic seal with the hole walls of the above-mentioned first counterbore 9 and the second counterbore 10, increasing the friction between the above-mentioned first connector 7 and the first counterbore 9 or the second counterbore 10 or the third counterbore 13, so that the above-mentioned first connector 7 is less likely to fall off the above-mentioned first counterbore 9 or the second counterbore 10 or the third counterbore 13. The above-mentioned first sealing rings 14 also play a buffering role, avoiding damage to the above-mentioned well wall 2 of the concrete during the installation process, eliminating the positioning gap of the above-mentioned well wall 2, and making the positioning more accurate.

[0045] In this embodiment, as Figure 7 shown, the above-mentioned pipe ring 6 includes a second connecting device and two half rings 15. The two above-mentioned half rings 15 are detachably connected into one body through the above-mentioned second connecting device. By splitting the above-mentioned pipe ring 6 into two half rings 15 with the same structure, the volume and mass of a single above-mentioned half ring 15 are smaller, and it is more convenient to operate when splicing the above-mentioned well wall 2, achieving the effect of saving labor.

[0046] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned well wall 2 can be circular or square. Correspondingly, the shape of the above-mentioned semi-ring 15 is semi-circular or L-shaped, which are respectively applicable to circular vertical shafts or square vertical shafts.

[0047] In this embodiment, as Figure 8 shown, the above-mentioned second connecting device includes a second connecting head 16 and second bolts 17. Fourth counterbores 18 are provided at both ends of each of the above-mentioned semi-rings 15. A third inclined hole 19 communicating with the above-mentioned fourth counterbore 18 is provided on the outer wall of the above-mentioned semi-ring 15. Both ends of the above-mentioned second connecting head 16 are respectively inserted into two of the above-mentioned fourth counterbores 18 corresponding to the positions of the two above-mentioned semi-rings 15. The two above-mentioned second bolts 17 are respectively inserted into the two above-mentioned third inclined holes 19 and are screwed to both ends of the above-mentioned second connecting head 16, so as to connect the two above-mentioned semi-rings 15 through the above-mentioned second connecting device to form the complete above-mentioned pipe ring 6. The cross-section of the above-mentioned second connecting head 16 is also rectangular, and the above-mentioned fourth counterbore 18 is a rectangular hole matching the above-mentioned second connecting head 16.

[0048] As an optimization, second sealing rings 20 are sleeved on both ends of the above-mentioned second connecting head 16. By means of the above-mentioned second sealing rings 20, the friction force between the above-mentioned second connecting head 16 and the fourth counterbore 18 is increased, ensuring that the above-mentioned second connecting head 16 will not easily break away from the above-mentioned fourth counterbore 18, making the connection between the two above-mentioned semi-rings 15 more reliable.

[0049] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 3 shown, an annular groove 21 is provided on the outer wall of the above-mentioned pipe ring 6 along the circumferential direction. Compared with the smooth outer wall, the above-mentioned annular groove 21 makes it easier for the above-mentioned pipe ring 6 to firmly bond with the cement slurry, thereby improving the biting force between the outer wall of the above-mentioned well wall 2 and the cement slurry, forming a firm whole, preventing slippage, and being better used for anti-floating. A pressing plate 22 is provided on the outer wall of the above-mentioned cutting edge 3. The above-mentioned pressing plate 22 is driven by an actuator, such as a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod. The above-mentioned pressing plate 22 can move outwards under the push of the actuator and finally press against the inner wall of the foundation pit, which can prevent the tunneling equipment from shaking during tunneling and improve the tunneling accuracy. When the above-mentioned well wall 2 needs to settle, the above-mentioned pressing plate 22 should be retracted in advance to ensure smooth settlement.

[0050] It should be noted that in addition to the above-mentioned pipe ring 6 structure composed of two semi-rings, the above-mentioned pipe ring 6 can also be set as a complete concrete ring structure, or can also be set as a concrete annular structure composed of four flat plates, and are connected into a whole through the above-mentioned second connecting device.

[0051] As an optimized implementation manner of this embodiment, as Figure 4As shown, the above-mentioned connecting plate 4 is provided with jacks 23, and the above-mentioned jacks 23 are used to cooperate with and insert into the telescopic connecting arms on the well-digging equipment, so as to fixedly connect the above-mentioned pipe ring 6 and the well-digging equipment through the above-mentioned connecting plate 4. With one lifting device, the above-mentioned well wall 2 and the well-digging equipment can be lifted simultaneously. Among them, the number of the above-mentioned connecting plates 4 is four, and the four above-mentioned connecting plates 4 respectively face four directions of the above-mentioned well wall 2 in the circumferential direction, so that the connection between the above-mentioned well wall 2 and the well-digging equipment is firmer and the force is more uniform.

[0052] Embodiment 2:

[0053] In this embodiment, a construction method for a vertical shaft includes

[0054] Step 1, level the site, excavate the above-mentioned foundation pit, pour the above-mentioned fixed beam 1, install the well wall 2 and the cutter head 3 in the wellhead 5 of the above-mentioned fixed beam 1, install the well-digging equipment on the above-mentioned fixed beam 1, and fix the underground excavation part of the well-digging equipment on the connecting plate 4;

[0055] Step 2, use the lifting equipment to lift the above-mentioned cutter head 3 and the well-digging equipment to the tunneling position at the same time, use the actuator to push the above-mentioned pressing plate 22 to anchor the inner wall of the foundation pit, the well-digging equipment excavates the rock and soil at the bottom of the vertical shaft and below the above-mentioned cutter head 3, the rock and soil is pumped to the water tanker through the slurry pump, and the clear water in the water tanker is supplemented into the well. Gradually lower the above-mentioned well wall 2 and the well-digging equipment. Before each lowering, release the pressure of the above-mentioned pressing plate 22 to make the above-mentioned pressing plate 22 retract. After each lowering, timely install a new pipe ring 6 at the top of the above-mentioned well wall 2, and the actuator re-pushes the pressing plate 22 to anchor the inner wall of the foundation pit;

[0056] Step 3, measure the inclination of the vertical shaft every time a section of the above-mentioned pipe ring 6 is installed. When measuring the inclination, the pressure of the above-mentioned pressing plate 22 needs to be released. If the vertical shaft inclines to one side, the excavation amount of the inner wall of the foundation pit can be increased in the opposite direction to facilitate deviation correction;

[0057] Step 4, after reaching the predetermined tunneling depth, check and adjust the inclination of the vertical shaft, level the bottom of the well, drop all the above-mentioned cutter heads 3 onto the foundation of the foundation pit, and fix the gap between the upper part of the above-mentioned well wall 2 and the fixed beam 1 through the wedge block;

[0058] Step 5, pour concrete at the bottom of the well for sealing, pour cement slurry between the above-mentioned well wall 2 and the foundation pit through the bentonite slurry pipe to fill the gap between the above-mentioned well wall 2 and the foundation pit, and the upper part of the above-mentioned well wall 2 is connected to the above-mentioned fixed beam 1 through reinforced concrete.

[0059] Adopting this method only requires one set of lifting equipment to lift the above-mentioned cutter head 3 and the well-digging equipment at the same time. As the well-digging progresses, gradually lower the above-mentioned well wall 2 and the well-digging equipment, and timely install a new above-mentioned pipe ring 6 at the top of the above-mentioned well wall 2, which greatly reduces the construction difficulty, energy consumption and cost.

[0060] During the well digging process, when the well digging equipment fails and needs to be lifted for maintenance, the well wall 2 and the well digging equipment are lowered to the bottom of the foundation pit, and the retractable connecting arm of the well digging equipment is withdrawn from the socket 23 of the connecting plate 4, thereby releasing the connection between the well wall 2 and the well digging equipment, and the well digging equipment is lifted alone to make the well wall 2 sink to the bottom. After the failure is repaired, the well digging equipment is lowered to the position of the blade foot 3, and the retractable connecting arm is re-inserted into the socket 23 of the connecting plate 4, and the well digging equipment and the well wall 2 are lifted again at the same time to return to the original well digging position, and then digging can continue.

[0061] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A vertical shaft, characterized in that: It includes a fixed beam (1), a shaft wall (2), a cutting edge (3) and a connecting plate (4). The fixed beam (1) is fixed at the top of the foundation pit. The fixed beam (1) is provided with a wellhead (5) communicating with the foundation pit. The shaft wall (2) is arranged in the foundation pit. The cutting edge (3) is arranged at the bottom of the shaft wall (2). The top of the shaft wall (2) is fixedly connected to the wellhead (5) of the fixed beam (1). The shaft wall (2) includes a plurality of pipe rings (6). Adjacent two pipe rings (6) and between the cutting edge (3) and the bottom pipe ring (6) are detachably connected into one body through a first connecting device. The connecting plate (4) is fixed on the cutting edge (3) and located inside the shaft wall (2) for fixedly connecting with the well-digging equipment.

2. The shaft and its construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first connecting device includes a first connecting head (7) and a first bolt (8). The top of the pipe ring (6) is provided with a first counterbore (9) and the bottom is provided with a second counterbore (10). The outer wall of the pipe ring (6) is provided with a first inclined hole (11) and a second inclined hole (12) respectively communicating with the first counterbore (9) and the second counterbore (10). One end of the first connecting head (7) is inserted into the first counterbore (9), and the other end of the first connecting head (7) is inserted into the second counterbore (10) of the adjacent pipe ring (6). Two first bolts (8) are respectively inserted into the first inclined hole (11) and the first inclined hole (11) and are screwed to both ends of the first connecting head (7).

3. The shaft and its construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the cutting edge (3) is provided with a third counterbore (13). One end of the first connecting head (7) is inserted into the third counterbore (13) and the other end is inserted into the second counterbore (10) of the bottom pipe ring (6).

4. A shaft and its construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both ends of the first connecting head (7) are sleeved with a first sealing ring (14).

5. A shaft and its construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pipe ring (6) includes a second connecting device and two half rings (15). The two half rings (15) are detachably connected into one body through the second connecting device.

6. A shaft and its construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second connecting device includes a second connecting head (16) and a second bolt (17). Both ends of the half ring (15) are provided with fourth counterbores (18). The outer wall of the half ring (15) is provided with a third inclined hole (19) communicating with the fourth counterbore (18). Both ends of the second connecting head (16) are respectively inserted into the two fourth counterbores (18) corresponding in position of the two half rings (15). Two second bolts (17) are respectively inserted into the two third inclined holes (19) and are screwed to both ends of the second connecting head (16).

7. A shaft and its construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Both ends of the second connecting head (16) are sleeved with a second sealing ring (20).

8. A shaft and its construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the pipe ring (6) is provided with a circumferential annular groove (21). The outer wall of the cutting edge (3) is provided with a pressing plate (22).

9. A shaft and its construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting plate (4) is provided with a jack (23).

10. A construction method for a shaft as described in claim 9, characterized in that: including Step 1: Level the site, excavate the foundation pit, pour the fixed beam (1), install the well wall (2) and the cutting edge (3) in the wellhead (5) of the fixed beam (1), install the well-digging equipment on the fixed beam (1), and fix the underground excavation part of the well-digging equipment on the connecting plate (4); Step 2: Use the lifting equipment to lift the cutting edge (3) and the well-digging equipment to the excavation position at the same time, use the actuator to push the pressing plate (22) to anchor the inner wall of the foundation pit, the well-digging equipment excavates the rock and soil at the bottom of the vertical shaft and below the cutting edge (3), the rock and soil is pumped to the water tanker through the mud pump, and the clean water in the water tanker is replenished into the well. Gradually lower the well wall (2) and the well-digging equipment. Before each lowering, relieve the pressure on the pressing plate (22) to retract the pressing plate (22). After each lowering, install a new pipe ring (6) at the top of the well wall (2) in a timely manner, and the actuator re-pushes the pressing plate (22) to anchor the inner wall of the foundation pit; Step 3: Measure the inclination of the vertical shaft every time a section of the pipe ring (6) is installed. When measuring the inclination, relieve the pressure on the pressing plate (22). If the vertical shaft inclines to one side, the excavation amount of the inner wall of the foundation pit can be increased in the opposite direction to facilitate deviation correction; Step 4: After reaching the predetermined excavation depth, check and adjust the inclination of the vertical shaft, level the bottom of the well, let the cutting edge (3) all fall onto the foundation of the foundation pit, and fix the gap between the upper part of the well wall (2) and the fixed beam (1) through the wedge block; Step 5: Pour concrete at the bottom of the well for sealing, and pour cement slurry between the well wall (2) and the foundation pit through the bentonite slurry pipe to fill the gap between the well wall (2) and the foundation pit. The upper part of the well wall (2) is connected to the fixed beam (1) through reinforced concrete.

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