The invention discloses a small-size well drilling engineering monitoring system. A directional joint is arranged at one end inside a connecting drill collar, the directional joint is connected with one end of a circulating sleeve, the circulating sleeve is connected with a main valve head assembly, the end, far away from the circulating sleeve, of the main valve head assembly is connected with asquating key pulse device, the end, far away from a screw rod, of the connecting drill collar is connected with one end of an engineering parameter measuring drill collar, the other end of the engineering parameter measuring drill collar is connected with a non-magnetic drill collar, a wireless receiving short section, a battery short section A, a probe tube short section and a fishing head are arranged inside the non-magnetic drill collar in sequence, and the engineering parameter measuring drill collar comprises a drill collar body, a control circuit, a drilling and pressing torque bending moment strain gauge, a transmitting short section, a battery short section B, a communication interface, a vibration sensor, an inner annular air pressure sensor and an outer annular air pressure sensor. An engineering parameter measurement short section has the characteristics of small size, high strength, strong pressure resistance, high temperature and the like, so that the applicability to a slim hole well, a high-temperature well and an ultra-deep well is achieved, and the safety of well drilling is guaranteed.