The invention discloses a drainage liquid rapid monitoring system special for thyroid and mammary gland surgical postoperation.By using a gas pressure sensor, the monitoring flexibility is high, the size is small, installation and debugging are convenient, and liquid in a drainage ball can be monitored in real time; operation is simple, and gas pressure monitoring of the negative drainage ball can be completed without changing an existing negative pressure drainage ball structure; intelligent monitoring of the drainage technology is achieved, the drainage situation can be monitored in real time, the current drainage amount in the drainage ball is calculated, nurses are helped to efficiently complete the work such as observation and measurement of drainage liquid, and the nursing workloads are greatly reduced; calculation is conducted for abnormal drainage of drainage liquid and falling, bending or blocking of a drainage pipe, effective and continuous monitoring is achieved, real-time alarming and reminding are achieved, it is ensured that medical workers find drainage liquid abnormity of patients in time, intervene processing is conducted as soon as possible, and at the current stage at which the nursing manpower resource is tight, the system can effectively assist medical workers in working, improve the medical care quality and achieve the aim of postoperative safety of patients.