The invention provides a folding light path laser cooling atom device which is mainly composed of a vacuum tetrakaidecahedron, cooling light source assemblies, reflecting mirror assemblies, transfer mirror assemblies and anti-helmholtz magnetic field coils. The folding light path laser cooling atom device integrates a laser beam expansion collimation system, a folding light path, a polarization transformation system, the anti-helmholtz magnetic field coils and optical power real-time monitoring, six paths of laser required by a traditional laser cooling magneto optical trap is reduced to two paths of laser, the size and weight of an optical-mechanical system are reduced to the maximum degree, a space topology structure is simplified, and the optical-mechanical system is extremely good in mechanical property and thermal environment adaptability and can be applied to the severe environment of the space level. According to the folding light path laser cooling atom device, samples have passed ring die tests, such as a space level mechanical vibration test, a mechanical impact test, a thermal cycle test and a thermal vacuum test, long-term stable working can be kept, and the device can serve as a core optical-mechanical device of the laser cold atom application engineering.