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Conductive Material For Connecting Part And Method For Manufacturing The Conductive Material

There is provided a conductive material comprising a base material made up of a Cu strip, a Cu—Sn alloy covering layer formed over a surface of the base material, containing Cu in a range of 20 to 70 at.%, and having an average thickness in a range of 0.1 to 3.0 μm, and an Sn covering layer formed over the Cu—Sn alloy covering layer having an average thickness in a range of 0.2 to 5.0 μm, disposed in that order, such that portions of the Cu—Sn alloy covering layer are exposed the surface of the Sn covering layer, and a ratio of an exposed area of the Cu—Sn alloy covering layer to the surface of the Sn covering layer is in a range of 3 to 75%. The surface of the conductive material is subjected to a reflow process and preferably, an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the material in at least one direction, is not less than 0.15 μm while the arithmetic mean roughness Ra thereof, in all directions, is not more than 3.0 μm and the average thickness of the Cu—Sn alloy covering layer is preferably not less than 0.2 μm. The conductive material is fabricated by a method whereby the surface of the base material is subjected to roughening treatment, an Ni plating layer, a Cu plating layer and an Sn plating layer are formed, as necessary, over the surface of the base material, and subsequently, a reflow process is applied.
Owner:KOBE STEEL LTD

Charge and passenger flow information acquisition method for bus IC (integrated circuit) cards

The invention discloses a charge and passenger flow information acquisition method for bus IC (integrated circuit) cards and belongs to the technical field of transportation. After segmental decreasing rate and the effective time duration of accumulative distance are continuously accumulated by a vehicular terminal according to riding distance, charging by distance is completed by swinging at the moment of boarding and alighting, and data related to boarding and alighting of passengers are uploaded to an information center. Data such as boarding flow, alighting flow, OD (origin and destination) flow and interchange flow on specified time scale are acquired first in real time from the information center terminal according to a specific line, a specific area and an additionally designated traffic zone; the data such as the ratio of passengers ranging from average riding distance to different riding distances and the ratio of passengers ranging from average riding time and different riding times on specified time scale are obtained then in non-real time. Real-time acquisition of bus passenger flow information and continuous acquisition of bus riding feature information are achieved by the method while fairness in public resources consumption is improved effectively, and information base for the fair charge and the related decisions for buses are provided.
Owner:王铎源
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