Motor commutator

Abstract

A motor commutator disclosed by the present invention comprises a lining, an insulating base body and a conductive strip, the insulating base body takes the axis of the lining as a center line and is fixedly arranged on the peripheral wall of the lining in a sleeving manner, and the peripheral wall of the insulating base body is provided with an annular groove arranged along the circumferential direction of the insulating base body. A plurality of annular grooves are formed in the insulating base body, a ceramic reinforcing core which is fixed with the insulating base body and is made of a ceramic material is arranged in the annular grooves, and the plurality of conductive strips are arranged around the central line and are concentrically fixed on the outer side of the ceramic reinforcing core. The ceramic reinforced core can provide better temperature resistance, and effectively overcomes the defects that a traditional commutator is not resistant to high temperature and the conductive strips are easy to fall off in the radial direction at high temperature. Therefore, the motor commutator also has good thermal deformation resistance, can keep the structure complete in the frequent current switching process, and avoids deformation or damage caused by temperature change.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a motor commutator, and in particular to a motor commutator suitable for high - speed, high - voltage and high - working - temperature environments. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the rise of new energy vehicles, the stability and safety of motor performance directly determine the performance of new energy vehicles. Among them, the commutator is a key component in DC motors and some AC motors. Its main function is to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the motor by periodically changing the direction of the current. Traditional commutators usually consist of commutator segments, insulating materials (such as mica sheets) and supporting structures (such as alloy rings or bushings). However, due to limitations in material properties and structural constraints, there are often some performance limitations. For example, it is prone to wear, deformation, deterioration of insulation performance and even part breakage at higher speeds, larger working currents and higher working - environment temperatures. In addition, due to technological reasons, it is difficult to achieve product consistency in the supporting insulation of the commutator, and problems such as filler shedding, insufficient connection strength and low cooling efficiency will also affect the reliability and service life of the equipment.

[0003] When the commutator is working, the conductive sheet should ensure both electrical conductivity and working reliability. The traditional commutator base is made of glass - fiber phenolic resin. Although it has certain insulation and heat - resistance properties, its high - temperature resistance is limited. Moreover, after experiencing the high temperature generated by large - current operation, the physical properties of phenolic resin will change greatly and cannot be restored. When fixing the conductive sheet with glass - fiber phenolic resin, it is impossible to ensure that the positions of the conductive sheets from the axis are consistent and the conductive sheets are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, resulting in the dynamic balance of the commutator, thus limiting the working speed of the commutator. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a motor commutator with improved working stability.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a motor commutator, comprising a bushing, an insulating base and conductive bars. The insulating base takes the axis of the bushing as the center line and is fixedly sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the bushing. An annular groove is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the insulating base along the circumferential direction of the insulating base. A ceramic reinforcement core made of ceramic material and fixed to the insulating base is installed in the annular groove. The number of the conductive bars is multiple, and each conductive bar is arranged around the center line and concentrically fixed on the outer side of the ceramic reinforcement core.

[0006] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the conductive strip and the insulating substrate are separated by the arrangement of the ceramic reinforcement core, the insulating substrate is used to support the ceramic reinforcement core and the conductive strip, and the ceramic reinforcement core is located between the insulating substrate and the conductive strip, playing the role of insulation and support positioning. The ceramic reinforcement core is made of ceramic material, and has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, wear resistance, insulation, high hardness, etc. Therefore, in the working environment of high temperature, high current and high speed, the eccentricity of the conductive strip can be avoided as much as possible by the arrangement of the ceramic reinforcement core, thereby ensuring the stability of the dynamic balance of the commutator, and then improving its working stability. Among them, by controlling the distance between adjacent ceramic reinforcement cores, the accuracy of the spacing between the conductive sheets installed on the ceramic reinforcement core can be guaranteed, and the distance from the center line also has better accuracy than that of the traditional commutator, thereby ensuring that the commutator can work under higher speed working conditions. In addition, the ceramic reinforcement core can provide better temperature resistance, effectively solving the disadvantages of the traditional commutator being not resistant to high temperature and the conductive strip being easy to fall off radially at high temperature. Therefore, the motor commutator also has good resistance to thermal deformation, and can maintain structural integrity during frequent current switching, avoiding deformation or damage caused by temperature changes. Finally, for those skilled in the art, the insulating matrix is made of insulating materials (such as glass fiber phenolic resin and other insulating materials). In the field of motor commutators, the selection of insulating materials is common knowledge, so it will not be elaborated here.

[0007] It is further configured as follows: the ceramic reinforcement core is annular, and the ceramic reinforcement core is sleeved in the annular groove in the circumferential direction of the insulating substrate, and is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the annular groove. The insulating substrate is cylindrical and sleeved outside the bushing, and the ceramic reinforcement core is annular and sleeved in the annular groove on the circumferential wall of the cylindrical insulating substrate, thereby forming a tight fixation with each other and close contact with each other, ensuring that the insulating substrate can fully support the ceramic reinforcement core.

[0008] It is further configured as follows: a limiting protrusion is convexly provided on the inner wall of the ceramic reinforcement core along the circumference of the ceramic reinforcement core, and a limiting groove matching the limiting protrusion is provided at the bottom of the annular groove. The shape of the limiting protrusion is not limited to one or more combinations of a trapezoid, an arc, and a triangle, and the protrusion structure is distributed in the axial direction, radial direction, or a combination of the two directions of the ceramic reinforcement core, so as to enhance the structural strength and prevent the commutator from internal deformation or damage during high-speed operation.

[0009] It is further configured as follows: a ring tooth group arranged along the circumference of the bushing is convexly provided on the outer peripheral wall of the bushing, each ring tooth group is arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the bushing, and each ring tooth group includes a plurality of ring teeth arranged along the circumference of the bushing; a tooth groove matching the ring teeth is provided on the surface of the insulating substrate that contacts the ring teeth on the bushing. In this regard, the cross-sectional shape of the ring teeth is also the same as the above, including but not limited to one or more combinations of trapezoidal, arc-shaped, and triangular, which is used to enhance the structural strength and prevent the commutator from internal deformation or damage during high-speed operation.

[0010] It is further set that: an elongated installation groove is formed on the outer peripheral side of the ceramic reinforcement core, which is arranged circumferentially along the center line, and the length direction of the installation groove is parallel to the center line. The number of the installation grooves is the same as that of the conductive bars, and the installation grooves are symmetrically distributed on the circumferential wall of the ceramic reinforcement core; the conductive bars are elongated, and an installation block adapted to the cross section of the installation groove is formed at the bottom of the conductive bar. Similarly to the foregoing, the cross-sectional shape of the installation block includes, but is not limited to, one or more combinations of trapezoid, arc, and triangle, so as to enhance the structural strength and prevent internal deformation or damage of the commutator during high-speed operation.

[0011] It is further set that: the installation groove is a dovetail groove, and the installation block is a dovetail block adapted to the cross section of the dovetail groove.

[0012] It is further set that: the dovetail block includes a proximal end close to the conductive bar and a distal end far from the conductive bar, and the width of the proximal end is smaller than that of the distal end.

[0013] It is further set that: the height of the ceramic reinforcement core is lower than the position where the annular groove opening is located. At the position where the annular groove opening is connected to the extension lines of both ends of the same conductive bar, positioning pins extending towards the conductive bar are respectively protruded, and a positioning groove adapted to the positioning pins is formed on the conductive bar. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 It is an axial sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 It is a radial sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a bushing in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 It is a front view of a bushing in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 It is a side view of a bushing in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of a ceramic reinforcement core in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 8 It is a side view of a ceramic reinforcement core in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of a conductive sheet in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 10 This is the front view of the conductive sheet in the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: As Figures 1-3 shown, the whole of this embodiment is in a cylindrical shape, including a bushing 1, an insulating matrix 2, a ceramic reinforcing core 3 and conductive strips 4. The axis of the bushing 1 is the center line. The insulating matrix 2 is coaxially arranged with the bushing 1 and fixedly sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the bushing 1. An annular groove 21 is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the insulating matrix 2 along the circumferential direction of the insulating matrix 2. A ceramic reinforcing core 3 made of ceramic material and fixed to the insulating matrix 2 is installed in the annular groove 21. The ceramic reinforcing core 3 is annular, and the ceramic reinforcing core 3 is sleeved in the annular groove 21 on the circumference of the insulating matrix 2 and is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the annular groove 21. Among them, the number of the conductive strips 4 can be adjusted according to the requirements of the working environment. In this embodiment, the number of the conductive strips 4 is 32. Each conductive strip 4 is arranged around the center line of the bushing 1 and concentrically fixed on the outside of the ceramic reinforcing core 3.

[0025] As Figures 4-6 shown, annular tooth groups protruding along the circumferential direction of the bushing 1 are provided on the outer peripheral wall of the bushing 1. Each annular tooth group is arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the bushing 1. Each annular tooth group includes a plurality of annular teeth 11 arranged along the circumferential direction of the bushing 1. Tooth grooves matching the annular teeth 11 are formed on the surface of the insulating matrix 2 in contact with the annular teeth 11 on the bushing 1. The shape of the annular tooth 11 is a cone structure.

[0026] As Figure 7 、 8 shown, a limiting protrusion 31 (in the shape of a square block) protruding along the circumferential direction of the ceramic reinforcing core 3 is provided on the inner wall of the ceramic reinforcing core 3. Then, a limiting groove adapted to the limiting protrusion 31 is formed at the bottom of the annular groove 21. A long installation groove 32 arranged along the circumferential direction of the center line of the bushing 1 is formed on the outer peripheral side of the ceramic reinforcing core 3. The length direction of the installation groove 32 is parallel to the center line. The number of the installation grooves 32 is the same as the number of the conductive strips 4. Each installation groove 32 is symmetrically distributed on the circumferential wall of the ceramic reinforcing core 3. As Figure 9 、 10 shown, the conductive strip 4 is long. An installation block 41 adapted to the cross-section of the installation groove 32 is formed at the bottom of the conductive strip 4. Here, the installation groove 32 is a dovetail groove, and the installation block 41 is a dovetail block adapted to the cross-section of the dovetail groove 32. The dovetail block includes a proximal end close to the conductive strip 4 and a distal end far from the conductive strip. The width of the proximal end is smaller than that of the distal end.

[0027] In this embodiment, the height of the ceramic reinforcement core 3 is lower than the position where the notch of the annular groove 21 is located. At the positions where the notch of the annular groove 21 is connected to the extension lines of both ends of the same conductive bar 4, positioning pins 22 extending towards the conductive bar 4 are respectively protruded. A positioning groove 42 adapted to the positioning pin 22 is formed on the conductive bar 4. When the conductive bar 4 is installed, the positioning pin 22 is just inserted into the positioning grooves 42 at both ends of the conductive bar 4. Here, since the height of the ceramic reinforcement core 3 is lower than the position where the notch of the annular groove 21 is located, as Figure 2 shown, the insulating matrix 2 abuts against and laterally wraps the ceramic reinforcement core 3 through the groove wall of the annular groove 21, and also partially wraps the end of the conductive bar 4, thereby preventing these components from slipping axially.

[0028] In this embodiment, the installation and fixation between the bushing 1, the insulating matrix 2, the ceramic reinforcement core 3 and the conductive bar 4 are in close contact with each other, there is no gap between them, and the circumferential rotation of each other is limited through various concave and convex structures in the circumferential direction, so as to prevent relative sliding during rotation.

Claims

1. A motor commutator, comprising a bushing, an insulating base body and conductive bars, wherein the insulating base body takes the axis of the bushing as the center line and is fixedly sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the bushing, and is characterized in that: An annular groove is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the insulating substrate along the circumferential direction of the insulating substrate. A ceramic reinforcement core made of ceramic material and fixed to the insulating substrate is installed in the annular groove. The number of the conductive strips is multiple, and each conductive strip is arranged around the center line and concentrically fixed on the outer side of the ceramic reinforcement core.

2. The motor commutator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ceramic reinforcement core is annular, and the ceramic reinforcement core is sleeved in the annular groove on the circumference of the insulating substrate and is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the annular groove.

3. The motor commutator according to claim 2, characterized in that: A limiting protrusion arranged along the circumferential direction of the ceramic reinforcement core protrudes from the inner wall of the ceramic reinforcement core, and a limiting groove adapted to the limiting protrusion is formed at the bottom of the annular groove.

4. The motor commutator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Ring tooth groups arranged along the circumferential direction of the bushing protrude from the outer peripheral wall of the bushing. The ring tooth groups are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the bushing, and each ring tooth group includes a plurality of ring teeth arranged along the circumferential direction of the bushing; Tooth grooves matching the ring teeth are formed on the surface of the insulating substrate in contact with the ring teeth on the bushing.

5. The motor commutator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A long strip-shaped installation groove arranged along the circumferential direction of the center line is formed on the outer peripheral side of the ceramic reinforcement core. The length direction of the installation groove is parallel to the center line. The number of the installation grooves is the same as the number of the conductive strips, and each installation groove is symmetrically distributed on the peripheral wall of the ceramic reinforcement core; the conductive strip is long strip-shaped, and an installation block adapted to the cross-section of the installation groove is formed at the bottom of the conductive strip.

6. The motor commutator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The installation groove is a dovetail groove, and the installation block is a dovetail block adapted to the cross-section of the dovetail groove.

7. The motor commutator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The dovetail block includes a proximal end close to the conductive strip and a distal end far from the conductive strip, and the width of the proximal end is smaller than that of the distal end.

8. The motor commutator according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The height of the ceramic reinforcement core is lower than the position where the annular groove opening is located. Positioning pins extending towards the conductive strip protrude respectively at positions where the two ends of the same conductive strip are connected to the extension lines at the annular groove opening. A positioning groove adapted to the positioning pin is formed on the conductive strip.

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