Shield tunneling machine cutter ring ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a shield tunneling machine cutter ring ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method, and relates to the technical field of machine tools, the shield tunneling machine cutter ring ultrasonic impact surface modification device comprises an ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism, a cutter ring positioning and clamping mechanism and a machine tool body, the machine tool body comprises a machine tool base and a main shaft, and the cutter ring positioning and clamping mechanism is arranged on the main shaft; and the ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism is arranged on the machine tool base. According to the ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method for the cutter ring of the shield tunneling machine, the designed elastic taper sleeve is provided with the notch and the axial semicircular hole, the elasticity of the elastic taper sleeve is improved, and rapid loosening and clamping of the cutter ring are achieved; a stepping motor is adopted to drive a worm and gear mechanism, the ultrasonic impact head swings at a certain angle, it is guaranteed that the ultrasonic impact head is perpendicular to the surface of a cutter ring, and the accurate positioning and continuous impact following capacity of the ultrasonic impact head is improved. Thrust is output through the air cylinder, close contact between the ultrasonic peening head and the surface layer of the cutter ring is kept, and the uniformity and stability of the ultrasonic peening effect are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of machine tools, and in particular to an ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method for a cutter head of a shield machine. Background Art

[0002] During the shield tunneling process, the cutter head system, especially the cutter head at its front end, is subjected to extremely harsh working conditions: huge thrust and torque, complex and changeable geotechnical media, intense impact and vibration, as well as environments such as high pressure, humidity, and mud scouring, which easily lead to premature failure of the cutter head, seriously affecting the construction progress. Therefore, how to effectively improve the wear resistance, fatigue resistance, and overall service life of the cutter head is a key technical problem that has long been concerned in the field of shield construction.

[0003] At present, the main technical approaches to improving the performance of the cutter head of a shield machine focus on two aspects: material optimization and surface strengthening. Material optimization is mainly achieved by developing alloy steels with high strength, high toughness, and high wear resistance, as well as optimizing heat treatment processes. However, improving material properties often faces problems such as high costs, complex processes, or performance bottlenecks. Therefore, surface strengthening technology has become a popular means to improve the service life of the cutter head due to its advantages of effectively improving the surface properties of materials without significantly changing the matrix properties and relatively controllable costs.

[0004] As an emerging cold working surface strengthening technology, ultrasonic impact technology has shown significant advantages in improving the fatigue performance, wear resistance, and stress corrosion resistance of metal components in recent years. However, applying ultrasonic impact technology to a special workpiece such as the cutter head of a shield machine faces major challenges that cannot be solved by existing equipment and technologies: First, the shape of the cutter head workpiece is complex, with complex three-dimensional curved surfaces (such as the arc of the cutting edge, the side surface, etc.). Most existing ultrasonic impact equipment is handheld or small semi-automatic devices designed for flat plates, welds, or simple shafts, lacking the ability to adaptively clamp, accurately position, and continuously follow and impact large annular curved surface workpieces. Second, the existing equipment has a low degree of automation and relies on the experience of operators. For the cutter head that needs to be fully covered and evenly impacted on the annular curved surface, manual operation has extremely low efficiency, poor consistency, and high labor intensity, and is completely infeasible for engineering applications. Finally, the stability of manual operation process parameters is low. Key process parameters such as frequency, impact head movement speed, and impact angle are extremely sensitive to manual operation and are difficult to remain constant on complex curved surfaces, resulting in large fluctuations in the treatment effect.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the market for a special device that can achieve efficient, high-quality, and fully automatic ultrasonic impact surface modification of the cutter head of a shield machine, so as to significantly improve the service life of the cutter head, reduce the cost of shield construction, and ensure the project progress and safety. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for ultrasonic impact surface modification of a cutter head of a shield machine, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a device for ultrasonic impact surface modification of a cutter head of a shield machine, which includes an ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism, a cutter head positioning and clamping mechanism, and a machine tool body. The machine tool body includes a machine tool base and a main shaft. The cutter head positioning and clamping mechanism is arranged on the main shaft, and the ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism is arranged on the machine tool base; The ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism includes a Y-direction transmission mechanism, a swing mechanism, a pressing mechanism, and an X-direction transmission mechanism; The cutter head positioning and clamping mechanism includes a mandrel. Above the mandrel, there are arranged a cutter head and a positioning block. The positioning block is arranged on one side of the cutter head, and a gasket is arranged on the other side of the cutter head. The gasket is sleeved on the mandrel; A plurality of inner rings are formed on the cutter head, and a plurality of connection holes are correspondingly formed on the fixing block. A spring is arranged in each connection hole. The inner ring is penetrated by an elastic cone sleeve, and the elastic cone sleeve is connected to the spring; A nut is also sleeved on the mandrel. The nut is arranged on one side of the gasket, and the other side of the gasket presses against the elastic cone sleeve.

[0008] Preferably, the Y-direction transmission mechanism includes a first motor, a first coupling, and a first lead screw. The first lead screw is arranged on a first base plate. The first motor is arranged at one end of the first base plate, and the first motor is connected to one end of the first lead screw through the first coupling. The other end of the first lead screw is rotatably connected to the other end of the first base plate; A first lead screw pair is connected to the first lead screw through a thread.

[0009] Preferably, the X-direction transmission mechanism includes a second motor, a second coupling, and a second screw. The second screw is arranged on a second base plate. The second motor is arranged at one end of the second base plate, and the second motor is connected to one end of the second screw through the second coupling. The other end of the second screw is rotatably connected to the other end of the second base plate. The second base plate is fixedly connected to the first lead screw pair; A second screw pair is connected to the second screw through a thread, and a transmission carrier platform is fixedly connected to the second screw pair.

[0010] Preferably, the swing mechanism includes a first carrier platform, a first stepping motor, a worm, and a turbine. The turbine is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first carrier platform, and the turbine is meshed with the worm. One end of the worm is connected to the first stepping motor, and the first stepping motor is fixedly arranged on the transmission carrier platform.

[0011] Preferably, the pressing mechanism includes an ultrasonic impact head and a cylinder. The cylinder is arranged at the rear end of the first loading platform, and the ultrasonic impact head is arranged at the front end of the first loading platform.

[0012] Preferably, both the connecting holes and the inner ring are provided with three, and are evenly distributed along the circumference.

[0013] Preferably, the elastic cone sleeve is provided with a notch and a semi-circular hole.

[0014] A method for ultrasonic impact surface modification device of a shield machine cutter head includes the following steps: Step S1: Put the cutter head on the elastic cone sleeve. The left end face of the cutter head abuts against the positioning block. Insert a gasket on the mandrel. The gasket abuts against the right end face of the elastic cone sleeve. Tighten the nut to press the elastic cone sleeve into the inner ring of the cutter head. The elastic cone sleeve expands and tightens the cutter head to achieve the positioning and clamping of the cutter head. Step S2: Drive the first lead screw by the first motor to drive the X-direction transmission mechanism to move in the Y direction, and then drive the ultrasonic impact head to perform a feeding motion in the Y direction. Drive the second screw by the second motor to drive the first loading platform to move in the X direction, and then drive the ultrasonic impact head to perform a feeding motion in the X direction. Drive the worm by the first stepping motor to drive the turbine to swing, thereby driving the first loading platform to swing around the Z axis, and then driving the ultrasonic impact head to swing around the Z axis. Step S3: Start the cylinder in the pressing device to make the piston rod of the cylinder extend, and output a thrust acting on the ultrasonic impact head to press the ultrasonic impact head against the surface of the cutter head.

[0015] Therefore, by adopting the above ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method for a shield machine cutter head, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention uses an elastic cone sleeve and three circumferentially distributed springs to achieve the positioning and clamping of the cutter head, and can solve the adaptive clamping of large annular workpieces.

[0016] (2) The designed elastic cone sleeve of the present invention is provided with a notch and an axial semi-circular hole, which improves the elasticity of the elastic cone sleeve and realizes the quick release and clamping of the cutter head.

[0017] (3) The present invention uses a stepping motor to drive a worm and gear mechanism to realize the swing of the ultrasonic impact head at a certain angle, ensure that the ultrasonic impact head is perpendicular to the surface of the cutter head, and improve the accurate positioning and continuous follow-up impact ability of the ultrasonic impact head.

[0018] (4) The present invention uses a cylinder to output thrust to keep the ultrasonic impact head in close contact with the surface layer of the cutter head, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the ultrasonic impact effect.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method for a cutter head of a shield machine according to the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the swing of the ultrasonic impact head of an ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method for a cutter head of a shield machine according to the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the feeding mechanism of the ultrasonic impact head of an ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method for a cutter head of a shield machine according to the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cutter head positioning and clamping mechanism of an ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method for a cutter head of a shield machine according to the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of an elastic cone sleeve of an ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method for a cutter head of a shield machine according to the present invention; Reference numerals: 1, feeding mechanism of ultrasonic impact head; 11, Y-direction transmission mechanism; 12, swing mechanism; 13, pressing mechanism; 14, X-direction transmission mechanism; 111, first motor; 112, first coupling; 113, first lead screw; 121, first load platform; 122, first stepping motor; 123, worm; 124, turbine; 131, ultrasonic impact head; 132, cylinder; 141, second screw; 142, second coupling; 143, second motor; 2, machine tool body; 3, cutter head positioning and clamping mechanism; 31, mandrel; 32, positioning block; 33, spring; 34, cutter head; 35, elastic cone sleeve; 36, gasket; 37, nut; 351, notch; 352, semi-circular hole; 4, transmission load platform. Detailed Embodiments

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the ordinary meanings understood by those with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention pertains. The "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the elements or objects appearing before this word cover the elements or objects listed after this word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are only used to represent relative position relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

[0023] Embodiment Please refer to Figures 1-5 , the present invention provides a device for ultrasonic impact surface modification of the cutter head 34 of a shield machine, including an ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism 1, a cutter head positioning and clamping mechanism 3, and a machine tool body 2. The machine tool body 2 includes a machine tool base and a main shaft. The cutter head positioning and clamping mechanism 3 is arranged on the main shaft, and the ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism 1 is arranged on the machine tool base. The ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism 1 includes a Y-direction transmission mechanism 11, a swing mechanism 12, a pressing mechanism 13, and an X-direction transmission mechanism 14.

[0024] The Y-direction transmission mechanism 11 includes a first motor 111, a first coupling 112, and a first lead screw 113. The first lead screw 113 is arranged on a first base plate. The first motor 111 is arranged at one end of the first base plate, and the first motor 111 is connected to one end of the first lead screw 113 through the first coupling 112. The other end of the first lead screw 113 is rotatably connected to the other end of the first base plate. A first lead screw pair is connected to the first lead screw 113 through a thread.

[0025] The X-direction transmission mechanism 14 includes a second motor 143, a second coupling 142, and a second screw 141. The second screw 141 is arranged on a second base plate. The second motor 143 is arranged at one end of the second base plate, and the second motor 143 is connected to one end of the second screw 141 through the second coupling 142. The other end of the second screw 141 is rotatably connected to the other end of the second base plate. The second base plate is fixedly connected to the first lead screw pair. A second screw pair is connected to the second screw 141 through a thread, and a transmission carrier platform 4 is fixedly connected to the second screw pair.

[0026] Through the two ball screw mechanisms of the X-direction transmission mechanism 14 and the Y-direction transmission mechanism 11, the lateral feeding and longitudinal feeding of the ultrasonic impact head 131 can be realized, and the relative position between the impact head and the cutter head 34 can be adjusted.

[0027] The swing mechanism 12 includes a first loading platform 121, a first stepping motor 122, a worm 123 and a turbine 124. The turbine 124 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first loading platform 121, and the turbine 124 is meshed with the worm 123. One end of the worm 123 is connected to the first stepping motor 122, and the first stepping motor 122 is fixedly arranged on the transmission loading platform 4. The angular swing of the ultrasonic impact head 131 is achieved by the swing mechanism 12, and the all-round coverage of the ultrasonic impact on the surface of the knife ring 34 is obtained. The swing mechanism 12 allows the ultrasonic impact head 131 to swing within a certain angle range to adapt to the irregular curved surface of the surface of the knife ring 34, ensuring that the impact head is perpendicular to the complex curved surface at any time.

[0028] The clamping mechanism 13 and the swinging mechanism 12 are stacked in the vertical direction. The clamping mechanism 13 includes an ultrasonic impact head 131 and a cylinder 132. The cylinder 132 is arranged at the rear end of the first loading platform 121, and the ultrasonic impact head 131 is arranged at the front end of the first loading platform 121. When the ultrasonic impact head 131 moves to any position on the surface of the knife ring 34, the thrust is output through the cylinder 132 to keep the ultrasonic impact head 131 and the surface of the knife ring 34 in a clamped state, thereby ensuring the uniformity and stability of the ultrasonic impact.

[0029] The knife ring positioning and clamping mechanism 3 comprises a mandrel 31, a knife ring 34 and a positioning block 32 are arranged above the mandrel 31, the positioning block 32 is arranged on one side of the knife ring 34, a gasket 36 is arranged on the other side of the knife ring 34, and the gasket is sleeved on the mandrel 31. A plurality of inner rings are provided on the knife ring 34, and a plurality of connecting holes are correspondingly provided on the fixed block, and a spring 33 is arranged in each connecting hole. The inner ring is passed through by an elastic cone sleeve 35, and the elastic cone sleeve 35 and the spring 33 are connected. A notch 351 and a semicircular hole 352 are arranged on the elastic cone sleeve 35, which plays a role in quickly clamping and loosening the knife ring 34. A nut 37 is also sleeved on the mandrel 31, and the nut 37 is arranged on one side of the gasket 36, and the other side of the gasket 36 presses the elastic cone sleeve 35. There are three connecting holes and three inner rings, and they are evenly distributed along the circumference to realize the rapid ejection of the elastic cone sleeve 35.

[0030] A method for ultrasonically impacting a surface modification device of a shield machine cutter ring 34 comprises the following steps: Step S1, sleeve the cutter ring 34 on the elastic cone sleeve 35, the left end face of the cutter ring 34 is close to the positioning block 32, sleeve the gasket 36 on the spindle 31, the gasket 36 is close to the right end face of the elastic cone sleeve 35, tighten the nut 37, press the elastic cone sleeve 35 into the inner ring of the cutter ring 34, and the elastic cone sleeve 35 expands the cutter ring 34 to achieve positioning and clamping of the cutter ring 34; Step S2: Drive the first lead screw 113 by the first motor 111 to drive the X-direction transmission mechanism 14 to move in the Y direction, and then drive the ultrasonic impact head 131 to perform a feeding motion in the Y direction; drive the second screw 141 by the second motor 143 to drive the first load platform 121 to move in the X direction, and then drive the ultrasonic impact head 131 to perform a feeding motion in the X direction; drive the worm 123 by the first stepping motor 122 to drive the turbine 124 to swing, thereby driving the first load platform 121 to swing around the Z axis, and then driving the ultrasonic impact head 131 to swing around the Z axis to ensure that the ultrasonic impact head 131 is perpendicular to the surface of the cutter ring 34; Step S3: Start the cylinder 132 in the pressing device to extend the piston rod of the cylinder 132, and output a thrust force acting on the ultrasonic impact head 131 to press the ultrasonic impact head 131 against the surface of the cutter ring 34.

[0031] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned ultrasonic impact surface modification device and method for the cutter ring of a shield machine. The designed elastic cone sleeve has a notch and an axial semi-circular hole, which improves the elasticity of the elastic cone sleeve and realizes the quick loosening and clamping of the cutter ring; the stepping motor is used to drive the worm and gear mechanism to realize the swinging of the ultrasonic impact head at a certain angle, ensure that the ultrasonic impact head is perpendicular to the surface of the cutter ring, and improve the accurate positioning and continuous following impact ability of the ultrasonic impact head; the cylinder is used to output a thrust force to keep the ultrasonic impact head in close contact with the surface layer of the cutter ring, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the ultrasonic impact effect.

[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify or equivalently replace the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot make the modified technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic impact surface modification device for the cutter head of a shield machine, characterized in that: It includes an ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism, a tool ring positioning and clamping mechanism, and a machine tool body. The machine tool body includes a machine tool base and a main shaft. The tool ring positioning and clamping mechanism is arranged on the main shaft, and the ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism is arranged on the machine tool base; The ultrasonic impact head feeding mechanism includes a Y-direction transmission mechanism, a swing mechanism, a pressing mechanism, and an X-direction transmission mechanism; The tool ring positioning and clamping mechanism includes a mandrel. Above the mandrel, there are a tool ring and a positioning block. The positioning block is arranged on one side of the tool ring, and a gasket is arranged on the other side of the tool ring. The gasket is sleeved on the mandrel; A plurality of inner rings are opened on the tool ring, and a plurality of connection holes are correspondingly opened on the fixed block. A spring is arranged in each connection hole. The inner ring is penetrated by an elastic cone sleeve, and the elastic cone sleeve is connected to the spring; A nut is also sleeved on the mandrel. The nut is arranged on one side of the gasket, and the other side of the gasket presses against the elastic cone sleeve.

2. The surface modification device for the cutter head of a shield machine by ultrasonic impact according to claim 1, wherein: The Y-direction transmission mechanism includes a first motor, a first coupling, and a first lead screw. The first lead screw is arranged on a first base plate. The first motor is arranged at one end of the first base plate, and the first motor is connected to one end of the first lead screw through the first coupling. The other end of the first lead screw is rotatably connected to the other end of the first base plate; A first lead screw pair is connected to the first lead screw through a thread.

3. The surface modification device for the cutter head of a shield machine by ultrasonic impact according to claim 2, characterized in that: The X-direction transmission mechanism includes a second motor, a second coupling, and a second screw. The second screw is arranged on a second base plate. The second motor is arranged at one end of the second base plate, and the second motor is connected to one end of the second screw through the second coupling. The other end of the second screw is rotatably connected to the other end of the second base plate. The second base plate is fixedly connected to the first lead screw pair; A second screw pair is connected to the second screw through a thread, and a transmission carrier platform is fixedly connected to the second screw pair.

4. The surface modification device for the cutter head of a shield machine by ultrasonic impact according to claim 3, characterized in that: The swing mechanism includes a first carrier platform, a first stepping motor, a worm, and a turbine. The turbine is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first carrier platform, and the turbine is meshed with the worm. One end of the worm is connected to the first stepping motor, and the first stepping motor is fixedly arranged on the transmission carrier platform.

5. A surface modification device for a cutter head of a shield machine by ultrasonic impact according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressing mechanism includes an ultrasonic impact head and a cylinder. The cylinder is arranged at the rear end of the first carrier platform, and the ultrasonic impact head is arranged at the front end of the first carrier platform.

6. The surface modification device for the cutter head of a shield machine by ultrasonic impact according to claim 5, wherein: Both the connection holes and the inner rings are provided with three, and they are evenly distributed along the circumference.

7. An ultrasonic impact surface modification device for a cutter ring of a shield machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The elastic cone sleeve is provided with a notch and a semi-circular hole.

8. A method for applying a surface modification device of a shield cutter head by ultrasonic impact according to any one of claims 1-7 above, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step S1: Put the tool ring on the elastic cone sleeve. The left end face of the tool ring abuts against the positioning block. Sleeve a gasket on the mandrel. The gasket abuts against the right end face of the elastic cone sleeve. Tighten the nut to press the elastic cone sleeve into the inner ring of the tool ring. The elastic cone sleeve expands and tightens the tool ring to achieve the positioning and clamping of the tool ring; Step S2: Drive the first lead screw by the first motor to drive the X-direction transmission mechanism to move in the Y direction, thereby driving the ultrasonic impact head to perform a feeding motion in the Y direction; drive the second screw by the second motor to drive the first load platform to move in the X direction, thereby driving the ultrasonic impact head to perform a feeding motion in the X direction; drive the worm by the first stepping motor to drive the turbine to swing, thereby driving the first load platform to swing around the Z axis, and further driving the ultrasonic impact head to swing around the Z axis. Step S3: Start the cylinder in the pressing device to make the piston rod of the cylinder extend, and output a thrust force acting on the ultrasonic impact head to press the ultrasonic impact head against the surface of the tool ring.

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