Electric hub structure based on axial motor and electric wheel
By adopting an axial motor structure and an intelligent motor control system in the electric wheels, the problem of low energy utilization rate of radial motors is solved, and efficient energy utilization and heat dissipation performance is achieved to meet the needs of small wheel hubs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510672409.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-25
AI Technical Summary
The radial motors in existing electric wheels have low energy utilization and large energy loss due to the long magnetic flux path.
Using an axial motor structure, the stator and rotor are located outside the axle to form a short flux path. Combined with a single stator dual rotor design and an intelligent motor control system, the power density and heat dissipation performance of the motor are optimized.
It improves energy utilization, outputs greater torque, reduces the space occupied by the motor, enhances heat dissipation capabilities, and adapts to the needs of small wheel hubs.
Smart Images
Figure HDA0005416831030000011 
Figure HDA0005416831030000012 
Figure HDA0005416831030000021
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electric vehicle wheels, and in particular to an electric hub structure based on an axial motor. Background Art
[0002] An electric vehicle wheel is a wheel with a motor drive inside, which can drive the wheel to rotate through the motor. Vehicles such as bicycles can use electric vehicle wheels to help users save effort during riding. Currently, electric vehicle wheels usually set the motor inside the hub at the center of the tire, and the motor is started or the motor speed is adjusted by the user's constant speed or control switch. The motors of electric vehicle wheels are usually common radial motors, with relatively mature technology and good heat dissipation.
[0003] The above-mentioned existing technical solutions have the following defects: The radial motor can only exert force from the center of the tire inside the hub at the center of the tire. The magnetic flux path is too long, and the energy utilization rate is low, resulting in a large energy loss of the motor. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electric hub structure based on an axial motor, which has the effect of driving the wheel to rotate through the axial motor structure, having a smaller magnetic flux path and a higher energy utilization rate.
[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment provides an electric hub structure based on an axial motor, including a hub. A vehicle axle is rotatably connected to the center of the hub. A stator is fixedly connected to the outside of the vehicle axle. The stator is located inside the hub. A rotor is fixedly connected to the inside of the hub near the stator. The stator includes a motor iron core fixedly connected to the vehicle axle and a plurality of coils fixedly connected to the motor iron core. All the coils are circularly arranged on the motor iron core with the axis of the vehicle axle as the center, and each coil is arranged away from the vehicle axle. The rotor includes a plurality of permanent magnets fixedly connected to the inside of the hub. The two poles of each permanent magnet are respectively arranged at both ends of the permanent magnet along the axial direction of the vehicle axle, and adjacent permanent magnets have opposite polarities. The magnetic field is distributed along the axial direction of the vehicle axle. An air gap is formed between the permanent magnet and the coil.
[0007] By adopting the above solution, the stator and the rotor located outside the vehicle axle constitute an axial motor structure, which has a shorter magnetic flux path, a high power density, a higher energy utilization rate, and can output a larger torque. Moreover, the axial motor has a smaller size and is easier to adapt to a smaller hub, occupying less space inside the hub.
[0008] Preferably, the motor iron core includes a core body fixedly connected to the axle and a plurality of protrusions fixedly connected to the outside of the core body. The protrusions extend out on both sides of the core body, each coil surrounds one of the protrusions, and the permanent magnets are arranged on both sides of the protrusion.
[0009] By adopting the above scheme, a single-stator and dual-rotor structure is formed, which can further improve the power density.
[0010] Preferably, a circuit board is fixedly connected to the motor iron core. The circuit board is provided with a motor control system, and the motor control system receives an external control signal and controls whether the stator is powered on and the magnitude of the power-on according to the control signal.
[0011] By adopting the above scheme, the electric vehicle can control the start and power magnitude of the motor through the motor control system, which is mainly used to adjust the speed of the electric vehicle. Since the axial motor occupies a small space, there is enough space to directly install the circuit board inside the wheel hub.
[0012] Preferably, the number of the circuit boards is two, and the two circuit boards are respectively arranged on both sides of the motor iron core. A plurality of process holes are formed in the motor iron core near the position of the circuit board, and the process holes are all located between the two circuit boards.
[0013] By adopting the above scheme, since the axial motor is prone to generate a large amount of heat, the ambient temperature inside the wheel hub is likely to rise very high. In addition to increasing the circuit layout space, the two circuit boards can also expand the heat dissipation area. In addition to reducing the weight of the motor iron core, the process holes can also reduce the contact area between the circuit board and the motor iron core, and reduce the heat directly transmitted to the circuit board.
[0014] Preferably, a gasket is fixedly connected to the wheel hub corresponding to the position of the permanent magnet. The permanent magnets are all fixedly connected to the gasket, and the gasket is arranged in a ring around the axle.
[0015] By adopting the above scheme, the gasket is used to isolate the permanent magnet from the wheel hub, reduce the external interference received by the permanent magnet, and at the same time the gasket can also provide positioning for the permanent magnet during installation.
[0016] Preferably, the motor control system includes an opening and closing module, a power adjustment module, a temperature monitoring module, and a heat dissipation control module;
[0017] The opening and closing module receives an external control signal, controls the stator to be powered on according to the received signal, and sends a control signal to the power adjustment module;
[0018] The power adjustment module controls the power of the stator according to the control signal;
[0019] The temperature monitoring module detects the temperature value of the circuit board in real time and transmits the temperature value to the heat dissipation control module;
[0020] The heat dissipation control module preset a maximum temperature limit value. When the received temperature value exceeds the maximum temperature limit value, it controls the power of the stator to decrease.
[0021] By adopting the above scheme, in order to avoid the temperature inside the hub being too high due to the continuous high-power operation of the motor, the motor control system can intelligently control the motor power, reduce the motor power when the temperature inside the hub is too high, and avoid continuous rapid temperature rise.
[0022] Preferably, a plurality of inner heat dissipation holes are provided at a position of the hub close to the axle, a plurality of outer heat dissipation holes are provided on the outer ring of the hub, both the inner heat dissipation holes and the outer heat dissipation holes penetrate through the hub, and a heat dissipation ring is fixedly connected at a position of the hub close to the outer ring of the motor iron core, and the outer ring of the motor iron core abuts against the heat dissipation ring.
[0023] By adopting the above scheme, when the wheel rotates rapidly, centrifugal force will be generated. The inner heat dissipation holes and the outer heat dissipation holes cooperate to allow air to flow through the inside of the hub when the electric vehicle is running, which can enhance the heat dissipation capacity of the motor, and at the same time it is convenient for users to add maintenance liquids such as lubricating oil into the hub. Since the position with the highest temperature of the motor iron core is the position close to the coil, and the coil of the present invention is on the outer side of the motor iron core, the direct abutment of the outer ring of the motor iron core and the heat dissipation ring can effectively accelerate heat dissipation.
[0024] Preferably, the motor iron core includes an iron core body fixedly connected to the axle. An empty slot is provided at each position corresponding to the coil of the iron core body. Two convex blocks are slidably connected in each empty slot. The two convex blocks slide along the axial direction of the axle in the empty slot. The coil is sleeved on the convex blocks. An airbag is provided at a position corresponding to the two convex blocks in each empty slot. All the airbags are connected with a gas pipeline. The gas pipeline is communicated with the inside of the airbag. The gas pipeline is fixedly connected with a micro air pump, and the micro air pump is fixedly connected to the iron core body;
[0025] The motor control system receives an adjustment instruction and controls the micro air pump to inhale or exhale according to the adjustment instruction.
[0026] By adopting the above scheme, the air gap height between the coil and the permanent magnet will directly affect the magnetic resistance of the motor, and thus affect the motor efficiency. Moreover, the decrease or increase of the single air gap height will also affect the heat dissipation capacity and reliability of the motor. Users can control the micro air pump to inhale or exhale through the motor control system, so as to control the size of the airbag. The airbag will affect the height of the convex block, and thus change the air gap height between the coil and the permanent magnet. The control method is simple and is suitable for users to make professional adjustments to the electric vehicle.
[0027] By adopting the above solution, on the one hand, the air gap monitoring module can provide the real-time power factor of the induction motor, and on the other hand, it can also issue an alarm when the air gap height value in the hub is different, avoiding failures during the motor startup.
[0028] Secondly, the embodiment also provides an electric vehicle wheel, which includes a spoke, a rim and a tire, and also includes the above-mentioned electric hub structure based on an axial motor.
[0029] The spoke is fixedly connected to the hub, the rim is fixedly connected outside the spoke, and the tire is fixedly connected outside the rim.
[0030] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0031] 1. The stator and rotor located outside the axle form an axial motor structure, which has a short magnetic flux path, high power density, high energy utilization rate, and can output a larger torque.
[0032] 2. The axial motor is smaller in size, easier to adapt to a smaller hub, and occupies less space in the hub. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.
[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present application.
[0035] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the inside of the hub in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
[0036] Figure 3 is Figure 2 an enlarged view of part A in
[0037] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the magnet and circuit board part in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
[0038] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the hub and axle structure in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
[0039] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the hub in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
[0040] Figure 7 is Figure 6 an enlarged view of part B in
[0041] Description of the reference numerals:
[0042] 1. Hub; 11. Axle; 12. Inner heat dissipation holes; 13. Outer heat dissipation holes; 14. Heat dissipation ring; 2. Spoke; 3. Rim; 4. Tire; 5. Stator; 51. Motor iron core; 511. Iron core body; 512. Protrusion; 513. Process hole; 514. Empty slot; 515. Airbag; 516. Gas pipeline; 517. Micro air pump; 518. Bump; 52. Coil; 6. Rotor; 61. Magnet; 62. Gasket; 7. Circuit board; 8. Motor control system; 81. Opening and closing module; 82. Power adjustment module; 83. Temperature monitoring module; 84. Heat dissipation control module. Detailed implementation manners
[0043] The technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments, rather than all the embodiments.
[0044] Embodiment 1
[0045] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, this embodiment discloses an electric vehicle wheel based on an axial motor, which includes a hub 1, a spoke 2 fixedly connected to the hub 1, a rim 3 fixedly connected to the outside of the spoke 2, and a tire 4 fixedly connected to the outside of the rim 3.
[0046] The center of the hub 1 is rotatably connected to an axle 11 through a bearing. The hub 1 is fixedly connected with a flange ring, and the spoke 2 is fixedly connected to the flange ring.
[0047] As Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown in the figure, a stator 5 is fixedly connected to the outside of the axle 11. The stator 5 is located inside the wheel hub 1. A rotor 6 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the wheel hub 1 near the stator 5. The stator 5 includes a motor iron core 51 fixedly connected to the axle 11 and a plurality of coils 52 fixedly connected to the motor iron core 51. All the coils 52 are circularly arrayed on the motor iron core 51 with the axis of the axle 11 as the center, and each coil 52 is arranged away from the axle 11. The rotor 6 includes a plurality of permanent magnets 61 fixedly connected inside the wheel hub 1. A gasket 62 is fixedly connected to the wheel hub 1 at the position corresponding to the permanent magnets 61. The permanent magnets 61 are all fixedly connected to the gasket 62. The gasket 62 is arranged in a ring around the axle 11. The motor iron core 51 includes an iron core body 511 fixedly connected to the axle 11 and a plurality of protrusions 512 fixedly connected to the outside of the iron core body 511. The protrusions 512 extend out on both sides of the iron core body 511. Each coil 52 surrounds a protrusion 512, and the permanent magnets 61 are arranged on both sides of the protrusion 512. The coils 52 and the permanent magnets 61 cooperate to form a structure of a single stator 5 and double rotors 6, which can further improve the power density. The permanent magnets 61 are arranged in a Halbach array on the gasket 62, which can effectively enhance the magnetic field, further improve the power density, and reduce electromagnetic interference.
[0048] As Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown in the figure, two circuit boards 7 are fixedly connected to the motor iron core 51. The two circuit boards 7 are respectively arranged on both sides of the motor iron core 51. A plurality of process holes 513 are opened in the motor iron core 51 near the circuit boards 7. The process holes 513 are all located between the two circuit boards 7. Since the axial motor is prone to generate a large amount of heat, the environmental temperature inside the wheel hub 1 is likely to rise very high. In addition to increasing the circuit layout space, the two circuit boards 7 can also expand the heat dissipation area. In addition to reducing the weight of the motor iron core 51, the process holes 513 can also reduce the contact area between the circuit boards 7 and the motor iron core 51, and reduce the heat directly transferred to the circuit boards 7. The circuit board 7 is provided with a motor control system 8. The motor control system 8 receives external control signals and controls whether the stator 5 is energized and the magnitude of the energization power according to the control signals.
[0049] The implementation principle of the electric wheel hub structure based on the axial motor in this embodiment is as follows: The stator 5 and the rotor 6 located outside the axle 11 constitute an axial motor structure, which has a shorter magnetic flux path, high power density, high energy utilization rate, and can output a larger torque. Moreover, the axial motor is smaller in size and is more likely to adapt to a smaller wheel hub 1, occupying less space inside the wheel hub 1.
[0050] Embodiment Two
[0051] As Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown in the figure, this embodiment discloses an electric hub structure based on an axial motor. The difference from the first embodiment is that multiple inner heat dissipation holes 12 are provided near the wheel axle position of the hub 1, and multiple outer heat dissipation holes 13 are provided on the outer ring of the hub 1. Both the inner heat dissipation holes 12 and the outer heat dissipation holes 13 penetrate through the hub 1. A heat dissipation ring 14 is fixedly connected to the position of the hub 1 near the outer ring of the motor iron core 51, and the outer ring of the motor iron core 51 abuts against the heat dissipation ring 14. When the wheel rotates rapidly, centrifugal force will be generated. The cooperation of the inner heat dissipation holes 12 and the outer heat dissipation holes 13 can allow air to flow through the inside of the hub 1 when the electric vehicle is running, which can enhance the heat dissipation capacity of the motor. At the same time, it is also convenient for users to add maintenance liquids such as lubricating oil into the hub 1. Since the position with the highest temperature of the motor iron core 51 is the position close to the coil 52, and the coil 52 of the present invention is on the outside of the motor iron core 51, the direct abutment of the outer ring of the motor iron core 51 and the heat dissipation ring 14 can effectively accelerate heat dissipation.
[0052] As Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown in the figure, the motor iron core 51 includes a core body 511 fixedly connected to the axle 11. An empty groove 514 is provided at the position of the core body 511 corresponding to each coil 52. Two convex blocks 518 are slidably connected in each empty groove 514. The two convex blocks 518 slide along the axis direction of the axle 11 in the empty groove 514, and the coil 52 is sleeved on the convex blocks 518. An airbag 515 is provided at the position between the two convex blocks 518 corresponding to each empty groove 514. All the airbags 515 are commonly connected to a gas pipeline 516. The gas pipeline 516 is communicated with the inside of the airbag 515. The gas pipeline 516 is fixedly connected with a micro air pump 517, and the micro air pump 517 is fixedly connected to the core body 511.
[0053] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any change or replacement that can be thought of without creative labor should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention; unless otherwise clearly stated, any element, action or instruction used in this article should not be construed as critical or necessary.
Claims
1. An electric hub structure based on an axial motor, comprising a hub (1), characterized in that: A vehicle axle (11) is rotatably connected to the center of the hub (1), and a stator (5) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the vehicle axle (11), and the stator (5) is located inside the hub (1); A rotor (6) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the hub (1) near the stator (5). The stator (5) includes a motor iron core (51) fixedly connected to the vehicle axle (11) and a plurality of coils (52) fixedly connected to the motor iron core (51); The coils (52) are circularly arrayed on the motor iron core (51) with the axis of the vehicle axle (11) as the center, and each coil (52) is away from the vehicle axle (11); The rotor (6) includes a plurality of permanent magnets (61) fixedly connected inside the hub (1). Adjacent permanent magnets (61) have opposite polarities, and the magnetic field is distributed along the axial direction of the vehicle axle (11). An air gap is formed between the permanent magnets (61) and the coils (52).
2. The electric hub structure based on an axial motor according to claim 1, wherein: The motor iron core (51) includes an iron core body (511) fixedly connected to the vehicle axle (11) and a plurality of protrusions (512) fixedly connected to the outer side of the iron core body (511). The protrusions (512) extend out on both sides of the iron core body (511). Each coil (52) surrounds one protrusion (512), and the permanent magnets (61) are arranged on both sides of the protrusions (512).
3. The structure of an electric hub based on an axial motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A circuit board (7) is fixedly connected to the motor iron core (51). The circuit board (7) is provided with a motor control system (8). The motor control system (8) receives an external control signal, and the motor control system (8) controls whether the stator (5) is powered on and controls the power-on power according to the control signal.
4. A motorized wheel hub structure based on an axial motor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the circuit boards (7) is two, and the two circuit boards (7) are respectively arranged on both sides of the motor iron core (51). A plurality of process holes (513) are formed in the motor iron core (51) near the circuit board (7). The plurality of process holes (513) are all located between the two circuit boards (7).
5. A motorized wheel hub structure based on an axial motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gasket (62) is fixedly connected to the hub (1) at the position corresponding to the permanent magnets (61). The permanent magnets (61) are all fixedly connected to the gasket (62), and the gasket (62) is arranged in a ring around the vehicle axle (11).
6. The electric hub structure based on an axial motor according to claim 1, wherein: The motor control system (8) includes a switching module (81), a power adjustment module (82), a temperature monitoring module (83) and a heat dissipation control module (84); The switching module (81) receives an external control signal, controls the stator (5) to be powered on according to the received signal, and sends a control signal to the power adjustment module (82); The power adjustment module (82) controls the power of the stator (5) according to the control signal; The temperature monitoring module (83) detects the temperature value of the circuit board (7) in real time and transmits the temperature value to the heat dissipation control module (84); When the temperature value received by the heat dissipation control module (84) exceeds the maximum temperature limit value, the power of the stator (5) is controlled to decrease.
7. A motorized wheel hub structure based on an axial motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of inner heat dissipation holes (12) are provided at a position of the hub (1) close to the axle, and a plurality of outer heat dissipation holes (13) are provided on the outer ring of the hub (1); Both the inner heat dissipation holes (12) and the outer heat dissipation holes (13) penetrate through the hub (1). A heat dissipation ring (14) is fixedly connected to a position of the hub (1) close to the outer ring of the motor iron core (51), and the outer ring of the motor iron core (51) abuts against the heat dissipation ring (14).
8. The electric hub structure based on an axial motor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The motor iron core (51) includes an iron core body (511) fixedly connected to the axle (11), and an empty groove (514) is provided at a position of the iron core body (511) corresponding to each coil (52); Two bumps (512) are slidably connected in each empty groove (514), and the two bumps (512) slide along the axial direction of the axle (11) in the empty groove (514), and the coil (52) is sleeved on the bumps (512); An airbag (515) is provided at a position corresponding to the two bumps (512) in each empty groove (514). All the airbags (515) are connected to a gas pipeline (516). The gas pipeline (516) is internally communicated with the airbag (515), and a micro air pump (517) is fixedly connected to the gas pipeline (516), and the micro air pump (517) is fixedly connected to the iron core body (511); The motor control system (8) receives an adjustment instruction and controls the micro air pump (517) to inhale or exhale according to the adjustment instruction.
9. An electric vehicle wheel, comprising a spoke (2), a rim (3) and a tire (4), characterized in that, It further includes an electric hub structure based on an axial motor according to any one of claims 1-8; The spoke (2) is fixedly connected to the hub (1), the rim (3) is fixedly connected to the outside of the spoke (2), and the tire (4) is fixedly connected to the outside of the rim.