Transportable hydrogen storage device

Abstract

The invention discloses hydrogen storage equipment capable of being transported, and belongs to the field of hydrogen storage and transportation. The hydrogen storage equipment capable of being transported comprises a sealing shell and a hydrogen storage device, wherein a cavity is formed in the sealing shell; the limiting air guide rods are arranged in the cavity; a hydrogen conveying channel is formed in the limiting gas guide rod, and a plurality of gas outlets are formed in the surface; the hydrogen input and output interface is communicated with the hydrogen conveying channel; and a plurality of solid hydrogen storage materials can be arranged on the limiting gas guide rod in a penetrating manner. According to the hydrogen storage equipment capable of being transported, the limiting gas guide rod serves as a limiting element and also serves as a gas transmission element, the abrasion degree between materials and between the materials and the buffering element can be reduced in the transportation process, the loss of a hydrogen storage medium is reduced, meanwhile, the hydrogen charging and releasing speed can be increased, and safe transportation is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen storage and transportation, and particularly to a hydrogen storage device capable of transportation. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, hydrogen has received great attention from the country as a new type of clean energy and has witnessed booming development. However, the problems of its storage and transportation have become important factors restricting the development of hydrogen energy. Solid-state hydrogen storage technology has been an important research direction in the field of hydrogen energy in the past two years. It has significant advantages over traditional high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage in terms of safety, economy, hydrogen storage density, etc., and shows broad application potential especially in the fields of vehicle hydrogen energy, long-distance transportation, and large-scale energy storage.

[0003] Solid-state hydrogen storage technology stores hydrogen in solid materials through physical adsorption or chemical reactions. Compared with traditional high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage methods, its significant advantages are reflected in the following aspects: (1) High hydrogen storage density: The hydrogen storage density of magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage materials can reach more than 6.4 wt%, and the capacity of a single hydrogen storage tank can be as high as 1 ton, far higher than traditional hydrogen storage methods. (2) High safety: The stability of solid-state hydrogen storage materials enables them to store hydrogen safely at normal temperature and pressure, reducing the risks during transportation and use. (3) Good economy: It eliminates the complex compression or cryogenic process, reducing equipment costs and energy consumption. (4) Strong environmental adaptability: It has lower requirements for environmental temperature and pressure and is suitable for various application scenarios.

[0004] Due to these above advantages, solid-state hydrogen storage technology has become a current research hotspot. Especially magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage technology has entered the commercial application stage and achieved breakthroughs in multiple fields. However, as a highly potential hydrogen storage and transportation solution, although magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage technology has significant advantages in terms of safety, hydrogen storage density, and operation at normal temperature and pressure, it has not yet become the main means of transporting hydrogen by vehicle. The main reasons include the following aspects: (1) Vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage equipment needs to fully consider the crashworthiness of hydrogen storage materials and equipment safety. Compared with fixed hydrogen storage equipment, hydrogen storage materials such as powders and small particles cannot be used because they are easily crushed by collision, leading to blockage of the gas pipeline and inducing accidents, or causing loss of hydrogen storage substances due to being carried away by the gas flow; (2) Vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage equipment also needs to consider the convenience of hydrogen charging and discharging. Magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage materials (such as MgH2) reach a temperature of 300 °C and a pressure of 1-5 MPa during hydrogen charging, and need a high temperature above 300 °C during hydrogen discharging. The hydrogen discharging temperature is high and the kinetics is slow, which requires the storage and transportation equipment to be able to withstand high temperature and high pressure. (3) Vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage equipment needs to fully improve the transportation capacity. If magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage technology is used, it is required to store as much hydrogen as possible per unit volume, which contradicts the aforementioned point (1). As is well known in the art, the smaller the particle volume of magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage materials, the larger the surface area, and the higher the hydrogen storage density and hydrogen release rate.

[0005] In summary, in order to better improve the efficiency and safety of transporting hydrogen by vehicle, it is urgent to develop a hydrogen storage device that can be transported to at least partially solve the current defects and deficiencies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the main object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen storage device that can be transported, in order to at least partially solve the above technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a hydrogen storage device that can be transported, including:

[0008] A sealed housing, within which a cavity is formed;

[0009] A plurality of limiting air guiding rods, disposed inside the cavity, and a plurality of solid hydrogen storage materials can be threaded through the plurality of limiting air guiding rods; a hydrogen gas delivery channel is formed inside the limiting air guiding rods, and a plurality of air outlet holes are provided on the surface, capable of delivering hydrogen gas into the interior of the solid hydrogen storage materials threaded thereon;

[0010] A hydrogen gas input / output interface, provided on the sealed housing and communicating with the hydrogen gas delivery channel inside the limiting air guiding rods.

[0011] Based on the above technical solutions, the hydrogen storage device that can be transported according to the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0012] 1. The hydrogen storage device that can be transported according to the present invention uses the limiting air guiding rods as both limiting elements and gas delivery elements, so that during transportation, the wear between materials and between materials and buffer elements can be reduced, the loss of hydrogen storage medium can be avoided, and when filling and releasing hydrogen, hydrogen is directly input from the inside, thus improving the hydrogen filling and releasing rate;

[0013] 2. Since the hydrogen storage device that can be transported according to the present invention uses solid hydrogen storage materials and does not require a heating element to be provided inside, the sealed housing can be made very thin, reducing the material cost and the transportation dead weight, and improving the transportation efficiency;

[0014] 3. The hydrogen storage device that can be transported according to the present invention optimizes the design of the tank body and the hydrogen gas delivery pipeline, has fast hydrogen filling and releasing, high hydrogen storage efficiency, and when a square prism is selected, the hydrogen storage density is the largest, and it is convenient and safe for transportation. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.

[0016] Figure 1A It is a structural perspective view of the hydrogen storage device that can be transported according to the present invention;

[0017] Figure 1B is Figure 1A A partial enlarged view of the A-A area in the perspective view of the structure;

[0018] Figure 2 is a perspective view of a solid hydrogen storage material according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 is a perspective view of a solid hydrogen storage material according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 is a perspective schematic view of an embodiment in which a branch pipe is provided on the limit air guide rod of a hydrogen storage device capable of being transported according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the trisected arrangement mode of the solid hydrogen storage material according to the present invention.

[0022] In the above-mentioned drawings, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:

[0023] 1, head; 2, tank body; 2-1, tank body cylinder; 2-2, tank body port; 3, limit air guide rod, 3-1 limit air guide rod tube body, 3-2, limit air guide rod end plate; 3-3, air outlet hole; 4, solid hydrogen storage material; 4-1, through hole; 5, buffer material; 6, gasket; 7, branch pipe; 8, adapter; 9, valve. Detailed Embodiment

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0025] The terms used in the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. The singular forms "a", "the" and "said" used in the embodiments of the present invention and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0026] In the present invention, the meanings of some terms are as follows:

[0027] The main surface refers to the most important surface among the various surfaces of a three-dimensional structure, usually the surface with the largest area or the surface that best reflects the characteristics or functions of the three-dimensional structure.

[0028] Geometric Diameter generally refers to the maximum width of an irregular shape, that is, the maximum distance between any two points inside the shape. For example, for a convex closed curve, the diameter can be defined by measuring the maximum distance between two points inside the figure.

[0029] Inner diameter: for a circular cross-section, it is the diameter of the circle; for a non-circular cross-section, it refers to the maximum geometric dimension of the inner boundary of the cross-section.

[0030] Minimal Circumscribed Circle Diameter: By finding the smallest circle that can completely enclose an irregular shape, the diameter of this circle is used to represent the diameter of the shape.

[0031] Aspect ratio: The ratio of the height to the Minimal Circumscribed Circle Diameter of the surface in the vertical height direction, that is, the ratio of the height to the diameter.

[0032] In the present invention, for convenience of description, two opposite main surfaces are both arranged on the X-Y plane, and the maximum distance between the two main surfaces is the thickness, which is arranged in the Z-axis direction. Thus, these two main surfaces are simply referred to as the upper and lower surfaces, and the other surfaces surrounding the two main surfaces are simply referred to as the side surfaces.

[0033] Currently, solid-state hydrogen storage technology has developed rapidly and has excellent performance in both fixed hydrogen storage equipment and hydrogen production equipment. However, for hydrogen storage equipment used in vehicle transportation, currently, high-pressure gaseous or liquid hydrogen storage equipment is still the main type. After careful analysis of the deficiencies of the existing technology by the present inventor and through in-depth research on theoretical calculations, simulation experiments, and measured data, it is found that by defining a specific shape for the solid-state hydrogen storage material and cooperating with a specific hydrogen storage tank design, both the safety of hydrogen transportation and the problem of rapid hydrogen charging and discharging can be solved. Thus, as Figure 1A and Figure 1B shown, the present inventor proposes a hydrogen storage equipment capable of transportation, including:

[0034] A sealed outer shell, namely the tank body 2, with a cavity formed therein; in a preferred embodiment, one end forms a head 1, the other end forms a plug through a gasket 6, a conversion joint 8 is provided thereon, and it is connected to the external hydrogen pipeline through a valve 9.

[0035] A plurality of limiting gas guiding rods 3 are arranged inside the cavity, and a plurality of solid-state hydrogen storage materials 4 can be threaded through the plurality of limiting gas guiding rods 3; a hydrogen transportation channel is formed inside the limiting gas guiding rods 3, and a plurality of air outlet holes 3-3 are provided on the surface, which can transport hydrogen into the interior of the solid-state hydrogen storage materials 4 threaded thereon; in a preferred embodiment, the limiting gas guiding rod 3 further includes a limiting gas guiding rod tube body 3-1 and a limiting gas guiding rod end plate 3-2.

[0036] The hydrogen input / output interface, namely the conversion joint 8, is arranged on the sealed outer shell and is communicated with the hydrogen transportation channel inside the limiting gas guiding rod 3.

[0037] Thus, the position-limiting gas guide rod 3 can not only fix the solid hydrogen storage material 4 to prevent its radial and axial displacement, but also directly transport hydrogen into the interior of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 through the internal hydrogen transport channel, thereby increasing the hydrogen charging and discharging rate.

[0038] Among them, the position-limiting gas guide rod 3 can be, for example, multiple arranged in parallel, or there can also be only one, located at the middle position of the cavity.

[0039] Among them, for the sealed outer shell (i.e., the tank body 2), its biggest difference from the traditional solid hydrogen storage tank is that the hydrogen storage device of the present invention emphasizes transportation, and the tank body itself is not used as a reactor, so the tank body does not need to bear pressure, and the wall thickness can be greatly reduced, making transportation more convenient and safer. This is also a characteristic of the solid hydrogen storage material. Before being heated to a temperature above 300 °C, the stored hydrogen can be very stable and has high safety. Thus, the thickness of the sealed outer shell of the present invention is, for example, 0.5 - 2 mm; the material of the sealed outer shell is, for example, an engineering plastic, such as polycarbonate (PC) or polyether ether ketone, etc., or it can also be a single element or alloy of aluminum or iron, such as ordinary aluminum, aviation aluminum, ordinary steel or stainless steel. Since the hydrogen storage device capable of transportation of the present invention does not have heating elements such as heating wires inside, the sealed outer shell needs to be able to conduct heat, and the internal temperature is raised to a temperature above 300 °C by external heating. Thus, when using an engineering plastic material, it is preferably to set up a heat conduction channel through the hydrogen delivery pipeline to introduce the heat generated by the external heating device into the interior of the hydrogen storage device capable of transportation. When using a single element or alloy of aluminum or iron to make the sealed outer shell, there is no need to separately design a heat conduction channel. Since it is usually hydrogen charging under pressure (for example, about 3 MPa) and hydrogen release under normal pressure, the sealed outer shell only needs to be able to withstand general hydrogen pressure, so the thickness can be made relatively thin. Thus, no heating element is provided inside the sealed outer shell, and it is usually only used and transported as a storage device, and is heated in cooperation with the corresponding external heating supporting device when hydrogen release is required.

[0040] Among them, the sealed outer shell is, for example, welded after being filled with the solid hydrogen storage material 4, that is, the head 1 is connected to the tank body 2 by a welding connection method, thereby forming a disposable hydrogen storage device; or it can also be provided with an operation port for replacing the internal solid hydrogen storage material 4, for example, the head 1 is set to be detachable and pressure-resistant, which not only ensures its sealing requirements, but also enables the replacement of the inner core after it is recycled several times (generally more than 1000 - 1500 times), extending the service life of the sealed outer shell.

[0041] Among them, the cross-sectional diameter (inner diameter) of the internal cavity of the transportable hydrogen storage device is in the range of 6.2 to 30 cm. Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the transportable hydrogen storage device conforms to, for example, axial symmetry, rotational symmetry or central symmetry; and / or, the cross-sectional diameter of the internal cavity of the transportable hydrogen storage device is, for example, in the range of 6.2 to 22 cm. Further preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the transportable hydrogen storage device is selected from, for example, regular polygons, racetrack shapes, circles or ellipses, preferably square and circular; and / or, the cross-sectional diameter of the internal cavity of the transportable hydrogen storage device is in the range of 8.2 to 16 cm.

[0042] Preferably, the internal volume of the transportable hydrogen storage device is, for example, less than or equal to 0.1 m³, preferably less than or equal to 0.05 m³, and further preferably less than or equal to 0.03 m³.

[0043] Among them, the transportable hydrogen storage device can be loaded onto freight trucks, trains, ships or airplanes through stacking or special shelves, so as to achieve efficient batch transfer.

[0044] Among them, the air outlet holes 3-3 on the limiting air guiding rod 3 are, for example, round holes with a diameter in the range of 0.1 to 1 cm, or long strip-shaped or elliptical holes with a short-axis width in the range of 0.1 to 1 cm, so as to reduce the pulverized solid hydrogen storage material 4 from entering the hydrogen delivery channel through the air outlet holes 3-3, resulting in the loss of effective hydrogen storage medium. Preferably, the air outlet holes 3-3 satisfy, for example, the ratio of width / length (if it is in the shape of an ellipse, racetrack, etc., it can be equivalently regarded as short axis / long axis) less than or equal to 1:3, and more preferably less than 1:5.

[0045] Among them, the limiting air guiding rod 3 also includes, for example, a number of branch pipes 7 extending radially, and through holes 4-1 or blind holes are formed at the corresponding positions of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 to accommodate the branch pipes 7, so as to better send the hydrogen transported by the hydrogen delivery channel into the interior of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 and ensure the hydrogen charging and discharging rate. The number of branch pipes can be arranged at equal intervals in a plane, or not in a plane and staggered appropriately, as long as it is convenient to install and fix the solid hydrogen storage material 4.

[0046] When the limiting air guide rod 3 includes a branch pipe 7, due to the lateral blockage of the branch pipe 7, the three-dimensional structure formed by the solid hydrogen storage material 4 alone cannot be directly sleeved on the limiting air guide rod 3. At this time, the three-dimensional structure formed by the solid hydrogen storage material 4 can be divided into 2-5 parts, and each part is respectively inserted into the branch pipe 7 of the limiting air guide rod 3 in the radial direction, and then combined to form the three-dimensional structure after aligning the positions. Preferably, the 2-5 parts of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 are, for example, 2-5 parts obtained by cutting the three-dimensional structure through the middle through hole, and more preferably, they are evenly divided. At this time, one or more through holes 4-1 or blind holes are provided on each part of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 facing the limiting air guide rod 3 for accommodating the branch pipe 7 to extend into the interior of each part of the solid hydrogen storage material 4. In a preferred embodiment, as Figure 4 shown, the limiting air guide rod 3 includes, for example, three branch pipes 7 with an included angle of 120° in the radial direction. The limiting air guide rod 3 is provided with a flat oval air outlet 3-3, while the branch pipe 7 is provided with a flat long strip-shaped air outlet 3-3. Thus, a blind hole is provided on one side of each part of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 facing the limiting air guide rod 3 with the air outlet 3-3 passing through, which can accommodate the branch pipe 7 (gray part) radially extending from the limiting air guide rod 3.

[0047] Among them, at least one end of both ends of the limiting air guide rod 3 is provided with a buffer element 5 for abutting and buffering the expansion of the solid hydrogen storage material 4. The buffer element 5 is, for example, a spring or a deformable elastic material (such as metal foam, etc.), and preferably a spring, because during the hydrogen release process, the entire hydrogen storage device needs to be heated to above 300 °C, and the deformable elastic material is prone to aging and failure when repeatedly heated.

[0048] To further illustrate the solution of the present invention, as Figure 2 、 3 shown, the solid hydrogen storage material 4 used inside the transportable hydrogen storage device of the present invention, for example, has the following characteristics:

[0049] The solid hydrogen storage material 4 alone or in combination constitutes a three-dimensional structure having two main surfaces opposite to each other. The two main surfaces include an upper surface and a lower surface, and their areas can be the same or different, but both meet the diameter size requirements described below. As Figure 2 shown, it is a square main surface, and as Figure 3 shown, it is a circular main surface. For other surfaces other than the main surface, the present invention does not specifically limit them. For example, they can be multiple side surfaces of a polygon, or the entire circular arc side surface of a circular cylinder, or an irregular shape. From the perspective of facilitating processing and reducing damage to the inner wall of the container, the side surface is preferably the arc surface of an (ellipsoidal) cylinder or four rectangular surfaces of a cube.

[0050] The minimum circumscribed circle diameters of the two main surfaces of the three-dimensional structure formed by the solid hydrogen storage material 4 alone or in combination are, for example, both in the range of 6 to 25 cm; the purpose of setting the minimum circumscribed circle diameter is to limit the size of the solid hydrogen storage material 4. If it is too small, it is easy to collide and crush each other, resulting in powder clogging the gas pipeline or causing loss of the effective hydrogen storage medium as it overflows with the gas flow; if it is too large, it may increase the risk of accidents because the vehicle-mounted container may become a bomb when encountering a violent collision, and the larger the hydrogen storage volume, the higher the risk of flash explosion and violent combustion explosion. After careful calculation, it is determined that the best effect is achieved when the minimum circumscribed circle diameter is 6 to 25 cm. Preferably, the minimum circumscribed circle diameters of the two main surfaces of the three-dimensional structure are, for example, 6 to 20 cm, and more preferably 8 to 15 cm. Thus, it can also be deduced that the cross-sectional diameter of the hydrogen storage device that can be transported in the present invention is in the range of 6.2 to 30 cm, preferably in the range of 6.2 to 22 cm, and more preferably in the range of 8.2 to 16 cm.

[0051] The thickness of the three-dimensional structure is, for example, 1 to 5 cm; it is also obtained through careful calculation and simulation experiments. Preferably, the thickness of the three-dimensional structure is, for example, 1.5 to 4.5 cm, and more preferably 2 to 4 cm. In some cases, the three-dimensional structure is, for example, formed by compressing or stacking multiple sheets of materials with a thickness less than 1 cm for use. Such a design can meet the requirements of the present invention when the number of uses is small, but when hydrogen is repeatedly charged and released, due to the possible asynchronous expansion between different laminated sheets, there may be delamination and peeling phenomena, and the collision between different layers is aggravated during transportation, making it easier to break. Therefore, this design meets the basic requirements but is not the optimal choice. That is to say, in general, the three-dimensional structure of the present invention includes the case of compressing or stacking multiple sheets of materials with a thickness less than 1 cm for use, but when emphasizing the service life, the three-dimensional structure of the present invention preferably does not include this form, and the single sheet thickness needs to meet the numerical range of 1 to 5 cm.

[0052] One or more through-holes 4-1 are formed between the two main surfaces of the three-dimensional structure formed by the solid hydrogen storage material 4 alone or in combination. The through-holes 4-1 can be used to pass through the limiting air guide rods 3 for limiting, or can be used as air flow channels to directly allow the hydrogen gas flow to reach the inside of the solid hydrogen storage material 4, reducing the penetration distance of hydrogen and improving the hydrogen charging and discharging rate.

[0053] Among them, the shape of at least one of the two main surfaces of the three-dimensional structure conforms to axial symmetry, rotational symmetry or central symmetry. The shapes of the upper and lower surfaces can be exactly the same or slightly different, but it must be ensured that the side surface of the three-dimensional structure can be conveniently accommodated in the cavity of the hydrogen storage device.

[0054] The specific material composition of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 is not limited, and can be various existing magnesium single substances or magnesium alloy materials with excellent performance, or other aluminum-based or rare earth solid hydrogen storage materials. Among them, the magnesium content is preferably >50% to ensure that magnesium is used as the main element for hydrogen storage. Among them, magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials include, for example, pure magnesium, transition metal-doped magnesium-based materials, Mg-Ni alloys, Mg-Ni-RE alloys, etc.

[0055] Among them, the two main surfaces of the three-dimensional structure formed by the solid hydrogen storage material 4 alone or in combination are, for example, planes, or have concave-convex or wavy structures on the plane, so as to facilitate the upper and lower engagement and positioning and reduce left and right shaking. When several three-dimensional structures are stacked on each other, any outermost end is in contact with the inner wall of the cavity through the buffer element 5, rather than each three-dimensional structure being connected through the buffer element, each of the three-dimensional structures is also required to be able to be stacked up and down, so that when the lower surface of a three-dimensional structure is wavy, the upper surface of the three-dimensional structure stacked below it needs to be a matching wavy shape, and whether the lower surface of the three-dimensional structure stacked below it is wavy is not limited, as long as it matches the shape of the upper surface of the corresponding next three-dimensional structure.

[0056] Among them, the one or more through holes 4-1 include at least one main hole, whose minimum circumscribed circle diameter is between 0.5 and 5 cm, or relative to the total area of the main surface, the area of the at least one main hole accounts for 1% to 25% of the total area of the main surface, and can be penetrated on the limiting air guide rod 3 with the air outlet hole 3-3.

[0057] Among them, when a three-dimensional structure is formed by combining multiple portions of solid hydrogen storage materials 4, each solid hydrogen storage material 4 is provided with one or more through holes 4-1 or blind holes on the side facing the limiting gas guide rod 3 with the air outlet hole 3-3, which can accommodate the branch pipe 7 radially extending from the limiting gas guide rod 3. Due to the lateral obstruction of the branch pipe 7, the three-dimensional structure formed by the solid hydrogen storage material 4 cannot be directly mounted on the limiting gas guide rod 3. At this time, the three-dimensional structure formed by the solid hydrogen storage material 4 can be divided into 2 to 5 parts, and each part is respectively penetrated from the radial direction to the branch pipe 7 of the limiting gas guide rod 3, and the three-dimensional structure is combined after the positions are aligned. Preferably, the 2 to 5 portions of solid hydrogen storage materials 4 are, for example, 2 to 5 portions of the three-dimensional structure cut by the middle through hole, and more preferably, they are evenly divided. In a preferred embodiment, as Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5It is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of a trisected implementation manner of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 of the present invention. The three portions of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 form the three-dimensional structure, and the three portions are evenly divided through the center point. On one side of each portion of the solid hydrogen storage material 4 facing the limiting air guide rod 3 passing through the air outlet 3-3, there is a blind hole that can accommodate the branch pipe 7 (gray part) radially extending from the limiting air guide rod 3.

[0058] The transportable hydrogen storage device of the present invention may further include a heating supporting device. The heating supporting device can accommodate the transportable hydrogen storage device, is provided with heating wires wound around it to heat the transportable hydrogen storage device to above 300 °C, and is provided with a hydrogen input and output device connected to the hydrogen input and output interface on the transportable hydrogen storage device.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the transportable hydrogen storage device of the present invention is mainly used for storing and transporting solid hydrogen storage materials. Among them, the tank body cylinder is welded to the tank body port to form the tank body 2; the air guide pipe body 3-1 is welded to the air guide pipe end plate 3-2 to form the air guide pipe 3; the head 1 is threadedly connected to the tank body 2, so that the failed solid hydrogen storage material accommodated inside can be disassembled and replaced; the tank body 2 is threadedly connected to the blind plate, and a sealing gasket 6 is placed inside the blind plate; the valve 9 is connected to the blind plate through the adapter 8.

[0060] The transportable hydrogen storage device of the present invention is used in the following steps during use:

[0061] ① Material filling: First, connect the valve 9 to the adapter 8 and the blind plate in sequence, and then connect the assembled unit after connection to the tank body 2. When connecting, install the sealing gasket 6 to ensure that the medium inside the tank body does not leak. Then, place the air guide pipe 3 in the tank body 2, and then fill the solid hydrogen storage material 4 and the buffer element 5. After the solid hydrogen storage material 4 and the buffer element 5 are filled, connect the head 1 to the tank body 2, and its thread seal can be sealed by various methods such as winding raw tape and applying thread sealant. The above steps are the material filling process.

[0062] ② Replacement process: During the material filling process, a certain amount of air will enter the tank body and needs to be replaced. The replacement can be carried out by methods such as vacuum replacement method and pressure replacement method. At this time, open the valve 9, and the rear end of the valve 9 can be connected to a vacuum device or a nitrogen cylinder (or other inert gas) to perform vacuum replacement or pressure replacement, and then detect the gas composition inside the tank body after replacement.

[0063] ③ Transportation process: Transport the entire transportable hydrogen storage device to the specified site.

[0064] ④ Hydrogen charging and discharging process: Place the entire hydrogen storage device that can be transported in the reaction kettle, remove the blind plate, gasket 6, adapter 8, and valve 9, and complete the hydrogen charging and discharging work through the external thermal management system.

[0065] The following will further elaborate on the present invention through specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only illustrative and not used to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments shown below of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0066] Specific experimental means

[0067] 1. Degree of collision wear and powdering of various shapes and sizes

[0068] Coefficient of friction: The ratio of the frictional force between two surfaces to the vertical force acting on one of the surfaces. The higher the height and the larger the diameter of the magnesium cake (magnesium ingot), the greater the coefficient of friction, the less likely the magnesium cake is to slide, and the fewer the number of collisions. Refer to "Test Method for Coefficient of Friction of Thin Sheets and Strips of Metallic Materials", standard number YB∕T4286 - 2012.

[0069] During the hydrogen absorption process of the solid hydrogen storage material, it expands, generating expansion stress in the material, which in turn leads to the initiation of cracks in the material, causing the material to break and even powder. Collisions during the transportation of the material may cause the cracks in the material to expand, exacerbating the breakage and powdering of the material. The degree of breakage and powdering of the material can be tested by the weighing method.

[0070] 2. Hydrogen charging and discharging rate

[0071] The hydrogen charging and discharging rate can be measured by the Sieverts device to obtain the mass of hydrogen charging and discharging per unit mass of the material per unit time. The test process can refer to the national standard "Rare Earth - based Hydrogen Storage Alloys for Solid Hydrogen Storage", standard number GB / T 44754 - 2024. For materials with larger sizes, their hydrogen charging and discharging rates are related to heat transfer and mass transfer.

[0072] 3. Radial thermal resistance and axial thermal resistance

[0073] Axial thermal conduction resistance , where is the heat transfer distance, is the thermal conductivity, is the area. The larger the size of the magnesium cake, the longer the heat transfer distance, the greater the thermal resistance, and the slower the heat transfer. It can be tested by an interfacial material thermal conductivity and thermal resistance measuring instrument.

[0074] Radial thermal resistance .

[0075] 4. Gas pressure drop between the main surfaces per unit area

[0076] The gas pressure drop between the main surfaces per unit area represents the ease of gas diffusion within the material. The farther the distance between the two main surfaces of the magnesium cake, the greater the gas pressure drop, indicating that it is more difficult for gas to reach the interior of the material. It can be tested using a permeability testing instrument.

[0077] 5. Hydrogen storage density per unit volume

[0078] The volume hydrogen storage density is related to the manufacturing process of the magnesium cake. Assuming the magnesium cake is formed by a briquetting machine, the greater the pressing pressure, the greater the volume hydrogen storage density. The volume hydrogen storage density can be measured by testing the hydrogen storage capacity using a Sieverts device and then dividing by the volume.

[0079] 6. Density uniformity

[0080] The density of the block is uniform, and the properties of the block are more homogeneous. The greater the height of the block, the greater the density difference of the block; the greater the diameter of the block, the smaller the density difference of the block. To ensure density uniformity, the height-diameter ratio of the block should be reduced. The pressing density can be obtained by cutting the block axially, measuring the hardness distribution on the cut surface, and then converting the hardness value into density through a standard curve.

[0081] Specific experimental steps

[0082] Example 1

[0083] The transportable hydrogen storage device of this example includes:

[0084] A sealed outer shell, within which a cavity is formed;

[0085] A limiting gas guiding rod, disposed inside the cavity; a hydrogen gas delivery channel is formed inside the limiting gas guiding rod, and a plurality of air outlet holes are provided on the surface, capable of delivering hydrogen gas into the interior of the solid hydrogen storage material passing through it;

[0086] A hydrogen gas input / output interface, provided on the sealed outer shell and communicating with the hydrogen gas delivery channel inside the limiting gas guiding rod.

[0087] The solid hydrogen storage material is a square column, the main surface is a square, the diameter of the smallest circumscribed circle is 6 cm, and the thickness is 1 cm. A through hole with a diameter of 1 cm is formed in the center of the main surface.

[0088] Examples 2 - 14

[0089] The specific scheme is as in Example 1, the difference is only that the parameters shown in Table 1 below are different, and the solid hydrogen storage materials in Examples 1 - 12 are made of magnesium-aluminum alloy, and the solid hydrogen storage materials in Examples 13 and 14 are made of magnesium-rare earth alloy.

[0090] The specific experimental data (partially using simulation data) of the above Examples 1-14 are also shown in Table 1 below.

[0091] Table 1 Specific parameter settings and experimental (simulation) results of Examples 1-14

[0092]

[0093] Comparative Examples 1-10

[0094] The specific scheme is as in Example 1, the difference is only that the parameters in Table 2 below are different, and the solid hydrogen storage materials in Comparative Examples 1-9 use magnesium-aluminum alloy, and the solid hydrogen storage material in Comparative Example 10 uses magnesium-rare earth alloy.

[0095] The specific experimental data (partially using simulation data) of the above Comparative Examples 1-10 are also shown in Table 2 below.

[0096] Table 2 Specific parameter settings and experimental (simulation) results of Comparative Examples 1-10

[0097]

[0098] Through the above comparative studies, it can be found that the hydrogen storage equipment capable of transportation in the present invention can well adapt to the regulations of transportation and ensure transportation safety; while the traditional powdery solid hydrogen storage materials have a high hydrogen charging and discharging rate, but after being powdered, they are very easy to move, resulting in potential safety hazards and loss of effective storage media, and do not conform to transportation specifications; the solid hydrogen storage materials with the minimum circumscribed circle diameter less than 5 cm and greater than 30 cm, or without a through-hole structure are inferior to the tank structure designed in the present invention in terms of hydrogen charging and discharging rate and friction stability (safety). Further experimental studies also show that by limiting the numerical range of the diameter and thickness, and cooperating with the setting of the through-holes of the position-limiting air guide rods, without considering the specific material of the hydrogen storage medium, only through the shape and structure design, the hydrogen charging and discharging rate and hydrogen storage density can be further improved while ensuring safety, achieving both safe transportation and hydrogen charging and discharging rate. And if further combined with the proportion of the through-holes in the main surface, and the design of the hole shape and distribution of the air outlet holes on the position-limiting air guide rods of the hydrogen storage equipment, better technical effects can be obtained.

[0099] In the description of the present invention, the descriptions referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In the present invention, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in the present invention and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0100] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0101] The foregoing are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transportable hydrogen storage device, characterized in that, Comprising: A sealed housing, within which a cavity is formed; A number of limiting gas guiding rods, disposed inside the cavity, and a number of solid hydrogen storage materials can be threaded through each limiting gas guiding rod; a hydrogen delivery channel is formed inside each limiting gas guiding rod, and a number of air outlet holes are provided on the surface, capable of delivering hydrogen into or out of the solid hydrogen storage materials threaded thereon; A hydrogen input / output interface, provided on the sealed housing and communicating with the hydrogen delivery channel inside the limiting gas guiding rod.

2. The transportable hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein The thickness of the sealed housing is 0.5 - 2 mm; and / or The material of the sealed housing is engineering plastic, or a single element or alloy of aluminum or iron.

3. The transportable hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein, An operation port capable of replacing the internal solid hydrogen storage material is provided on the sealed housing.

4. The transportable hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, There is only one limiting gas guiding rod, located at the middle position of the cavity.

5. The hydrogen storage device capable of being transported according to claim 1, wherein The cross-sectional diameter of the internal cavity of the hydrogen storage device capable of being transported is in the range of 6.2 - 30 cm; and / or The internal volume of the hydrogen storage device capable of being transported is less than or equal to 0.1 m³.

6. The hydrogen storage device capable of being transported according to claim 5, wherein The cross-sectional shape of the hydrogen storage device capable of being transported conforms to axial symmetry, rotational symmetry or central symmetry; and / or The cross-sectional diameter of the internal cavity of the hydrogen storage device capable of being transported is in the range of 6.2 - 22 cm; and / or The internal volume of the hydrogen storage device capable of being transported is less than or equal to 0.05 m³.

7. The hydrogen storage device capable of being transported according to claim 6, wherein The cross-sectional shape of the hydrogen storage device capable of being transported is selected from regular polygons, track-shaped rings, circles or ellipses; and / or The cross-sectional diameter of the internal cavity of the hydrogen storage device capable of being transported is in the range of 8.2 - 16 cm; and / or The internal volume of the hydrogen storage device capable of being transported is less than or equal to 0.03 m³.

8. The transportable hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of air outlet holes on the limiting gas guiding rod are circular holes with a diameter in the range of 0.1 - 1 cm, or long strip-shaped or elliptical holes with a short-axis width in the range of 0.1 - 1 cm; and / or A number of branch pipes are provided on the limiting gas guiding rod in the radial direction, and a number of air outlet holes are provided on the branch pipes, capable of delivering hydrogen into or out of the solid hydrogen storage materials threaded thereon; and / or No heating element is provided inside the sealed housing.

9. The transportable hydrogen storage device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The ratio of the width / length of the number of air outlet holes is less than or equal to 1:

3.

10. The transportable hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one end of both ends of the limiting gas guiding rod is provided with a buffer element for abutting and buffering the expansion of the solid hydrogen storage material.

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