Modular chiller plant and refrigeration system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a modular refrigeration machine room and a refrigeration system and method. The refrigeration machine room comprises a box body, a refrigeration host and a top adjusting module. The inner cavity of the box body is divided into a sealed chamber and a heat exchange chamber. The refrigeration host is installed in the sealed chamber. The top adjusting module is installed in the heat exchange chamber. The top adjusting module comprises phase change thermal storage material, finned tubes, a fan, an insulation cover, a high infrared emissivity coating and a high absorption coating. The insulation cover is installed on the top of the box body and can cover the top opening of the heat exchange chamber during the day and avoid the top opening of the heat exchange chamber at night. The phase change thermal storage material is arranged at the bottom of the heat exchange chamber. The finned tubes are partially embedded in the phase change thermal storage material. The application adopts a containerized modular structure. The machine room can be transported to a desert site as a whole and quickly connected to the user end and a shallow geothermal system through a pipeline interface, so that the modularization, mobility and convenient deployment of the refrigeration system are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of refrigeration equipment technology, specifically relating to a modular refrigeration room, refrigeration system, and method. Background Technology

[0002] Deserts, arid regions, and Gobi deserts are rich in natural resources such as solar and wind energy, making them ideal areas for building large-scale renewable energy bases. However, cooling and refrigeration are particularly challenging issues in these regions, especially during periods of high daytime temperatures. Existing cooling technologies have the following shortcomings in such environments:

[0003] First, traditional water-cooled refrigeration systems rely on abundant water resources, while water resources are extremely scarce in desert areas, making it difficult to meet the operating conditions of such systems. Therefore, open-type water-cooled units are almost impossible to promote and apply in such environments.

[0004] Secondly, technologies such as dry cooling towers and air source heat pumps, which rely on air as a cooling source, experience a significant decrease in efficiency during the hot daytime, often making it difficult to achieve stable and effective cooling. Furthermore, due to the large diurnal temperature range, these devices operate under frequent thermal shocks, leading to rapid performance degradation and severely impacting their overall lifespan.

[0005] Secondly, the strong winds and sandstorms in the desert environment make external or semi-open refrigeration equipment susceptible to particulate matter corrosion, thereby increasing equipment failure rates and maintenance costs. Existing computer rooms mostly use ventilation and heat exchange or convection air conditioning to regulate internal temperature, but in closed or semi-closed environments, the indoor temperature often rises to around 50°C, which not only makes it difficult to ensure the normal operation of the equipment, but also further shortens the equipment's lifespan.

[0006] Furthermore, existing ground source heat pump systems generally operate on an annual cycle for seasonal heating and cooling regulation. This necessitates a high depth and number of ground source wells, making construction difficult and costly. Large-scale deployment of deep wells in arid regions can also have environmental impacts. In areas with extreme diurnal temperature variations, these systems have limited efficiency in storing and releasing cold energy, making it difficult to adapt to rapidly changing cooling demands throughout the day.

[0007] In summary, the application of existing refrigeration technologies in areas with large diurnal temperature variations, such as deserts and arid regions, is limited in many ways. These limitations mainly include restricted cold source conditions, low refrigeration efficiency, insufficient equipment reliability, and high construction and maintenance costs. Therefore, it is necessary to propose new structural designs and cold source utilization methods to meet the stable and efficient cooling needs in such extreme environments. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a modular refrigeration room, refrigeration system, and method for coping with harsh environments with large temperature differences.

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a modular refrigeration room, comprising a housing, a refrigeration unit, and a top adjustment module. The housing is divided into a lower sealed chamber and an upper heat exchange chamber by a first partition. The sealed chamber is completely sealed and isolated from the external environment. The refrigeration unit is installed within the sealed chamber. The top adjustment module is installed within the heat exchange chamber.

[0010] The top adjustment module includes phase change cold storage material, finned tubes, a fan, an insulation cover, a high infrared emissivity coating, and a high absorptivity coating. The top of the heat exchange chamber has an open structure, including a lower phase change cold storage zone and an upper airflow heat exchange zone. The insulation cover is installed on the top of the enclosure; the insulation cover can cover the top opening of the heat exchange chamber during the day and avoid the top opening of the heat exchange chamber at night.

[0011] The phase change cold storage material is disposed in the phase change cold storage zone. The high infrared emissivity coating is disposed above the phase change cold storage material and covers the portion of the finned tube located in the airflow heat exchange zone; the high absorptivity coating is disposed below the phase change cold storage material. A portion of the finned tube is embedded in the phase change cold storage material, while another portion is exposed in the airflow heat exchange zone.

[0012] Preferably, the modular refrigeration room further includes a chilled water pump and a cooling water pump; the refrigeration unit is equipped with a cooling water passage and a chilled water passage for heat exchange. The side of the enclosure is provided with a cooling water inlet, a cooling water outlet, a chilled water inlet, and a chilled water outlet. The cooling water inlet, cooling water pump, cooling water passage of the refrigeration unit, finned tube, and cooling water outlet are connected in sequence. The chilled water inlet, chilled water pump, chilled water passage of the refrigeration unit, and chilled water outlet are connected in sequence. A cooling water branch is connected between the output port of the chilled water pump and the input port of the finned tube. A bypass valve is provided on the cooling water branch.

[0013] Preferably, the sidewall of the airflow heat exchange zone is provided with multiple flow holes. Each flow hole is equipped with a fan.

[0014] Preferably, the finned tubes are provided in multiple configurations. Each finned tube is horizontally arranged and spaced apart from the others in a parallel sequence. Each finned tube is connected to a water distributor at one end and to a water collector at the other.

[0015] Preferably, the phase change cold storage zone and the airflow heat exchange zone are separated by a second partition. The second partition has a through-slot structure corresponding to the shape of the finned tubes; the horizontally arranged finned tubes are embedded in the through-slot structure.

[0016] Preferably, the high infrared emissivity coating is an Al2O3-TiO2 blackbody ceramic coating or a copper oxide nano-coating. The high absorptivity coating is a graphene coating.

[0017] Preferably, the insulation cover is detachably connected to the box body by a latch or bolt structure, or is installed on the top of the box body by an electric opening and closing mechanism.

[0018] Secondly, the present invention provides a refrigeration system comprising a shallow geothermal system and the aforementioned modular refrigeration room; the shallow geothermal system includes one or more geothermal wells; the cooling water inlet and outlet on the side of the housing are connected to the output and input ports of the shallow geothermal system via pipes. The chilled water inlet and outlet on the side of the housing are connected to the cooling return port and cooling input port of the user terminal via pipes.

[0019] Preferably, the depth of the geothermal well is 10m to 20m.

[0020] Thirdly, the present invention provides a refrigeration method using the aforementioned refrigeration system; the refrigeration method includes a nighttime workflow and a daytime workflow:

[0021] The nighttime workflow includes:

[0022] The insulation cover is opened, exposing the top of the heat exchange chamber. The fan starts, driving airflow exchange between the heat exchange zone and the external environment. The cooling water pump drives the cooling water circulation. As the cooling water flows through the finned tubes, it absorbs the cooling energy from the external airflow; simultaneously, the top adjustment module, through a high infrared emissivity coating, radiates heat with the external environment, storing the cooling energy in the phase change cold storage material or exchanging it with the cooling water inside the finned tubes. The cooling water output from the finned tubes enters the shallow geothermal system, storing the cooling energy there.

[0023] The daytime workflow includes:

[0024] The insulation cover is closed, sealing the top of the heat exchange chamber. The fan is turned off. The cooling water pump drives the cooling water circulation. The cold energy stored in the shallow geothermal system enters the chiller along with the cooling water; the chiller exchanges the cold energy in the cooling water with the chilled water and supplies it to the user terminals. Simultaneously, the phase change thermal storage material cools the sealed chamber through heat conduction and the absorption of heat by the high-absorption coating, maintaining the temperature of the sealed chamber. When the cold energy of the phase change thermal storage material is insufficient, the residual cold energy in the chilled water output by the chiller compensates for the cooling of the phase change thermal storage material.

[0025] As a preferred option, during the nighttime operation, by adjusting the opening of the bypass valve V1, a portion of the cooling water is controlled to flow through the refrigeration unit for nighttime cooling.

[0026] During the daytime operation, when the cooling capacity of the phase change cold storage material is insufficient, the opening of the bypass valve V1 is adjusted so that the control part flows directly into the finned tube without passing through the refrigeration unit, thereby increasing the supplemental cooling capacity of the phase change cold storage material.

[0027] The present invention has the following beneficial effects.

[0028] 1. This invention adopts a containerized modular structure, allowing the entire equipment room to be transported to the desert site and quickly connected to user terminals and shallow geothermal systems via pipe interfaces, thus achieving modularity, mobility, and convenient deployment of the refrigeration system. Furthermore, the space housing the refrigeration unit of this invention features a fully sealed design and indoor temperature regulation primarily based on radiative heat exchange. Compared to conventional prefabricated equipment rooms (which regulate temperature through convective heat exchange such as ventilation or air conditioning), this significantly improves cooling efficiency, effectively extends equipment lifespan, and correspondingly reduces the failure rate.

[0029] 2. The shallow geothermal system in this invention replenishes and releases cooling energy on a daily cycle. Compared to traditional geothermal systems that replenish cooling seasonally on an annual cycle (the temperature variation of conventional large-scale geothermal wells is generally within 5℃ / year, while this invention can relax the daily decay to 10℃ / day), the requirements for the scale of the geothermal system are greatly reduced. This directly reduces the number of wells drilled (by about 90%) and the depth (traditionally 100m~200m, this invention only requires 10m~20m, reaching a soil layer of about 20℃), significantly reducing construction difficulty and the potential adverse environmental impacts of the geothermal system.

[0030] 3. This invention utilizes a top-mounted adjustable module to house finned heat exchange components and a fan, combined with the day-night switching of the insulation casing, to achieve efficient absorption of ambient cooling at night and storage in the shallow geothermal system, facilitating efficient and stable cooling to end users during the day. Simultaneously, the high infrared emissivity coating on the top-mounted adjustable module leverages the cloudless or low-cloud conditions of the desert to perform efficient radiative heat exchange at night, further enhancing the efficiency of absorbing ambient cooling at night.

[0031] 4. This invention arranges the refrigeration unit in a sealed chamber and uses a sealed door structure to isolate it from the external environment, effectively preventing the intrusion of harsh external environmental factors such as desert sandstorms and sandstorms, which could damage the refrigeration equipment, thereby improving the operational stability and service life of the refrigeration unit.

[0032] 5. This invention utilizes a phase change energy storage material in the top adjustment module to store cold energy at night and continuously transfer it to the sealed chamber during the day. This allows the operating temperature of the refrigeration unit within the sealed chamber to remain stable (below 40°C) without the need for an additional air conditioning system. This comprehensively improves the efficiency and lifespan of the refrigeration unit in harsh environments such as deserts, while reducing system energy consumption and construction costs. Simultaneously, the high-absorption coating at the bottom of the top adjustment module enhances the efficiency of the phase change energy storage material in absorbing heat from the sealed chamber, ensuring temperature stability even under high external temperatures.

[0033] 6. The cooling water circulation system of this invention adopts a closed-loop system, which effectively saves water compared to conventional water cooling systems. At the same time, the shallow geothermal system used as the cold source in this invention provides a cooling temperature of 20~30℃, which is more energy-efficient than existing technologies such as conventional dry cooling towers and air source heat pumps (which can provide cooling temperatures of 40~50℃ in desert areas). Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a top view of the top adjustment module in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the system operation process in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the top adjustment module in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Reference numerals: 1. Housing; 1-1. Sealed chamber; 1-2. Heat exchange chamber; 2. Refrigeration unit; 3. Chilled water pump; 4. Cooling water pump; 5. Top adjustment module; 5-1. Phase change cold storage material; 5-2. Finned heat exchange assembly; 5-2-1. Water distributor; 5-2-2. Water collector; 5-2-3. Finned tube; 5-3. Fan; 5-4. Insulation cover; 5-5. High infrared emissivity coating; 5-6. High absorptivity coating; 6. Shallow geothermal system; 7. User terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, a modular chiller room, in conjunction with a shallow geothermal system, is used for cold storage and to supply cooling to the load at the user terminal 7. The modular chiller room includes a housing 1, a chiller unit 2, a chilled water pump 3, a cooling water pump 4, and a top regulating module 5. After being transported to the desert site, the modular chiller room can be directly connected to the user terminal 7 and the shallow geothermal system 6 via pipe interfaces.

[0042] The housing 1 is divided into a lower sealed chamber 1-1 and an upper heat exchange chamber 1-2 by a first transverse partition. The sealed chamber 1-1 is completely sealed and isolated from the external environment during operation, preventing damage to the refrigeration unit 2 from sandstorms in the desert environment.

[0043] The refrigeration unit 2 is installed in the sealed chamber 1-1. The top adjustment module 5 is installed in the heat exchange chamber 1-2. The shallow geothermal system is buried below the surface of the desert. The cooling water passage in the refrigeration unit 2, the top adjustment module 5, and the shallow geothermal system are connected end to end to form a cooling water circulation loop. The chilled water passage in the refrigeration unit 2 is connected to the load to form a chilled water circulation loop.

[0044] The shallow geothermal system utilizes the characteristic that soil temperature variation is less than air temperature variation in desert areas to store nighttime cooling. The refrigeration unit 2 is used to extract the cooling stored in the shallow geothermal system during the day through a cooling water circulation loop and provide the cooling to the load through a chilled water circulation loop; at night, it drives the cooling water circulation to absorb ambient cooling in conjunction with the top regulating module 5 and store it in the shallow geothermal system.

[0045] The refrigeration unit 2 includes a cooling water passage and a chilled water passage for heat exchange. The chilled water pump 3 drives the chilled water circulation. The cooling water pump 4 drives the cooling water circulation. The side of the housing 1 is provided with a cooling water inlet, a cooling water outlet, a chilled water inlet, and a chilled water outlet. The cooling water inlet, cooling water pump 4, cooling water passage of the refrigeration unit 2, finned tube 5-2-3, and cooling water outlet are connected in sequence. The chilled water inlet, chilled water pump 3, chilled water passage of the refrigeration unit 2, and chilled water outlet are connected in sequence. A cooling water branch is connected between the output port of the chilled water pump 3 and the input port of the finned tube 5-2-3. A bypass valve V1 is provided on the cooling water branch.

[0046] A cooling water branch is connected between the output port of the chilled water pump 3 and the input port of the top regulating module 5. A bypass valve V1 is provided on the cooling water branch. The bypass valve V1 is used to prevent cooling water from flowing through the cooling water passage of the refrigeration unit 2 at night. The structural design of the cooling water passage and chilled water passage in the refrigeration unit 2 can adopt the existing refrigeration unit 2 scheme, which will not be described in detail here.

[0047] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the top adjustment module 5 includes a phase change cold storage material 5-1, a finned heat exchange assembly 5-2, a fan 5-3, an insulation cover 5-4, a high infrared emissivity coating 5-5, and a high absorptivity coating 5-6. The top of the heat exchange chamber 1-2 has an open structure. The insulation cover 5-4 is detachably or movablely installed on the top of the housing 1, which can cover the top opening of the heat exchange chamber 1-2 during the day and avoid the top opening of the heat exchange chamber 1-2 at night.

[0048] In this embodiment, the phase change cold storage material 5-1 can be a commercially available paraffin-based PCM with a phase change temperature of 30°C.

[0049] The heat exchange chamber 1-2 is divided into a lower phase change cold storage zone and an upper airflow heat exchange zone by a horizontally arranged second partition. The inner wall of the second partition is fixed to the heat exchange chamber 1-2. The phase change cold storage material 5-1 is filled in the phase change cold storage zone. Multiple flow holes are provided on the side wall of the airflow heat exchange zone. Each flow hole is arranged around the top of the housing 1. Each flow hole is equipped with a motor-driven fan 5-3. The fan 5-3 is used to drive the gas flow in the airflow heat exchange zone, improving the heat exchange efficiency at night.

[0050] The finned heat exchange assembly 5-2 includes a water distributor 5-2-1, a water collector 5-2-2, and multiple finned tubes 5-2-3. Each finned tube 5-2-3 has its two ends connected to the inner cavities of the water distributor 5-2-1 and the water collector 5-2-2, respectively. The water distributor 5-2-1 and the water collector 5-2-2 are provided with an inlet and an outlet for the top adjustment module 5. Each finned tube 5-2-3 includes a flow tube and multiple fins arranged axially at intervals on the outer surface of the flow tube. The central hole of each fin is welded and fixed to the outer surface of the flow tube. In some embodiments, the fins are annular.

[0051] The second partition plate is provided with a through groove structure that matches the shape of the finned heat exchange assembly 5-2, so that the finned heat exchange assembly 5-2 is embedded in the partition plate.

[0052] The portion of the finned tube 5-2-3 located below the partition is embedded in the top of the phase change cold storage material 5-1. Specifically, the finned tube 5-2-3 is horizontally arranged, with its lower half embedded in the phase change cold storage material 5-1 and its upper half outside the phase change cold storage material 5-1. In some embodiments, the central axis of the finned tube 5-2-3 is flush with the partition.

[0053] The portion of the finned tube 5-2-3 embedded in the phase change cold storage material 5-1 (i.e., the lower half) is used to exchange cold energy into the phase change cold storage material 5-1. The cold energy stored in the phase change cold storage material 5-1 is used to maintain the temperature stability of the heat exchange chamber 1-2. The portion of the finned tube 5-2-3 located in the airflow heat exchange zone (i.e., the upper half) is used to absorb cold energy from the environment at night, thereby reducing the cooling water temperature.

[0054] like Figure 4 As shown, the portion of the finned tube 5-2-3 exposed to the airflow heat exchange zone (i.e., the upper half), and the side of the second partition facing away from the phase change material, are both coated with a high infrared emissivity coating 5-5. A high absorptivity coating 5-6 is applied to the side of the first partition facing away from the phase change material. The high infrared emissivity coating 5-5 radiates heat to the external environment at night (i.e., radiates infrared rays outward), promoting nighttime cold storage efficiency through radiative heat exchange. The high absorptivity coating 5-6 radiates cold to the sealed chamber 1-1 at night (i.e., absorbs heat from the sealed chamber 1-1), utilizing the cold energy stored in the phase change cold storage material 5-1 to maintain the temperature within the sealed chamber 1-1 within a reasonable range, preventing damage or reduced efficiency of the refrigeration unit 2 due to excessively high temperatures. In this embodiment, the first partition is a steel plate with a high absorptivity coating coated on its bottom surface.

[0055] In this embodiment, the high-absorption coating 5-6 can be a graphene coating, used to perform cold radiation on the sealed chamber 1-1, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency between the phase change cold storage material 5-1 and the sealed chamber 1-1.

[0056] The shallow geothermal system includes multiple source wells. The depth of each source well is 10m to 20m. These source wells are spaced apart and buried below ground level. As cooling water flows through the source wells, it either stores cooling energy into the underground soil or extracts cooling energy from the underground soil.

[0057] In some embodiments, the high infrared emissivity coating 5-5 is a high infrared emissivity coating, such as an Al2O3-TiO2 blackbody ceramic coating or a copper oxide nano-coating.

[0058] In some embodiments, both the first partition and the second partition are made of a thermally conductive metal material.

[0059] In some embodiments, the side of the housing 1 is not provided with ventilation louvers, but is provided with one or more sealed doors. The sealed doors reliably seal when closed, effectively isolating the housing from adverse factors such as wind and sand.

[0060] In some embodiments, the insulation cover is detachably connected to the top of the housing 1 via a latch or bolt structure, allowing for manual installation during the day and removal at night. In other embodiments, the insulation cover is mounted on the housing 1 via an electrically operated opening and closing mechanism. This mechanism opens the top opening of the heat exchange chambers 1-2 at night by moving, flipping, or folding the insulation cover. In further embodiments, the insulation cover consists of multiple independent shell structures to facilitate automatic opening and closing.

[0061] In some embodiments, the container 1 is rectangular. In some further embodiments, the dimensions of the container 1 correspond to those of a shipping container.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] A refrigeration method using a modular refrigeration room provided in Example 1. The design parameters in this example correspond to the summer cooling season.

[0064] like Figure 3 and 4 As shown, the water-saving refrigeration method includes a nighttime workflow and a daytime workflow:

[0065] (1) At night, open the insulation cover 5-4 on the top of the box 1, adjust the frequency of the chilled water pump 3 and the opening degree of the bypass valve V1 according to the nighttime cooling load demand and the load size of the user terminal 7 (fully open when the user terminal 7 has no load); at the same time, turn on the cooling water pump 4, turn on the fan 5-3 in the top adjustment module 5, and remove or open the insulation cover 5-4 used for daytime sun protection.

[0066] The cooling water in the ground source well of the shallow geothermal system (the design temperature of the ground source well outlet at night is 30℃, considering the attenuation during daytime use) enters the refrigeration unit 2 for heat exchange (the design temperature of the cooling water outlet of the refrigeration unit 2 is 38℃, and the temperature is generally lower when the cooling load is low at night), and then enters the finned tube 5-2-3 of the top regulating module 5 for heat exchange. The heat exchange method includes radiative heat exchange between the finned tube 5-2-3 and the night sky (there are few clouds in desert areas, the intensity of radiative heat exchange is high, and the long-wave radiation is twice that of general areas), and the fan 5-3 delivers the cold air at night (10~20℃ at night, even lower in high-altitude areas, up to 5℃) to the surface of the finned tube 5-2-3 for convective heat exchange.

[0067] Meanwhile, the lower half of the finned tube 5-2-3 comes into contact with the phase change cold storage material 5-1, replenishing the cold energy into the phase change cold storage material 5-1. In addition, the upper surface of the second baffle plate also radiates heat with the external environment, replenishing the cold energy of the external environment into the phase change cold storage material 5-1.

[0068] The cooling water reaches the design temperature of 20°C after passing through the finned tubes 5-2-3 of the top regulating module 5, and is then returned to the geothermal well to replenish the cooling capacity of the well.

[0069] (2) During the day, turn off the fan 5-3 and cover or close the insulation cover 5-4 to isolate external heat radiation and hot air. Take 20°C cooling water from the ground source well and enter the refrigeration unit 2 for cooling; the cooling water outlet temperature of the refrigeration unit 2 is about 30°C. After passing through the top regulating module 5, it returns to the ground source well to achieve circulation. At this time, the top regulating module 5 does not exchange heat with the air and sky through convection and radiation. It only supplements the cooling capacity of the lower half phase change cold storage material 5-1 when it is insufficient.

[0070] During this process, the phase change cold storage material 5-1 continuously radiates cold energy into the sealed chamber 1-1, providing cooling capacity to the sealed chamber 1-1 and preventing the temperature of the sealed chamber 1-1 from becoming too high, thus keeping the refrigeration unit 2 operating within a suitable temperature range. Based on this solution, this embodiment can maintain the internal temperature of the refrigeration room below 40°C without requiring a separate air conditioning module for the refrigeration room.

Claims

1. A modular refrigeration room, comprising a housing (1) and a refrigeration unit (2); characterized in that: It also includes a top adjustment module (5); the housing (1) is divided into a lower sealed chamber (1-1) and an upper heat exchange chamber (1-2) by a first partition; the refrigeration unit (2) is installed in the sealed chamber (1-1); the top adjustment module (5) is installed in the heat exchange chamber (1-2); The top adjustment module (5) includes a phase change cold storage material (5-1), finned tubes (5-2-3), a fan (5-3), an insulation cover (5-4), a high infrared emissivity coating (5-5), and a high absorptivity coating (5-6); the top of the heat exchange chamber (1-2) adopts an open structure, including a phase change cold storage area located below and an airflow heat exchange area located above; the insulation cover (5-4) is installed on the top of the box (1); the insulation cover (5-4) can cover the top opening of the heat exchange chamber (1-2) during the day and avoid the top opening of the heat exchange chamber (1-2) at night; The phase change cold storage material (5-1) is disposed in the phase change cold storage zone; the high infrared emissivity coating (5-5) is disposed above the phase change cold storage material (5-1) and covers the portion of the finned tube (5-2-3) located in the airflow heat exchange zone; the high absorptivity coating (5-6) is disposed below the phase change cold storage material (5-1); a portion of the finned tube (5-2-3) is embedded in the phase change cold storage material (5-1), and the other portion is exposed in the airflow heat exchange zone.

2. A modular refrigeration room according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a chilled water pump (3) and a cooling water pump (4); the refrigeration unit (2) is provided with a cooling water passage and a chilled water passage capable of heat exchange; the side of the housing (1) is provided with a cooling water inlet, a cooling water outlet, a chilled water inlet and a chilled water outlet; the cooling water inlet, the cooling water pump (4), the cooling water passage of the refrigeration unit (2), the finned tube (5-2-3) and the cooling water outlet are connected in sequence; the chilled water inlet, the chilled water pump (3), the chilled water passage of the refrigeration unit (2) and the chilled water outlet are connected in sequence; a cooling water branch is connected between the output port of the chilled water pump (3) and the input port of the finned tube (5-2-3); a bypass valve is provided on the cooling water branch.

3. A modular refrigeration room according to claim 2, characterized in that: Multiple flow holes are provided on the side wall of the airflow heat exchange zone; each flow hole is equipped with the fan (5-3).

4. A modular refrigeration room according to claim 1, characterized in that: The finned tube (5-2-3) is provided in multiple units; each finned tube (5-2-3) is horizontally arranged and arranged in parallel with each other at intervals; each finned tube (5-2-3) is connected to the water distributor (5-2-1) and the other end is connected to the water collector (5-2-2).

5. A modular refrigeration room according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change cold storage zone and the airflow heat exchange zone are separated by a second partition; the second partition has a through groove structure corresponding to the shape of the finned tube (5-2-3); the horizontally arranged finned tube (5-2-3) is embedded in the through groove structure.

6. A modular refrigeration room according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high infrared emissivity coating (5-5) is an Al2O3-TiO2 blackbody ceramic coating or a copper oxide nano-coating; the high absorptivity coating (5-6) is a graphene coating.

7. A modular refrigeration room according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat insulation cover is detachably connected to the box (1) by means of a buckle or bolt structure, or is installed on the top of the box (1) by means of an electric opening and closing mechanism.

8. A refrigeration system, comprising a shallow geothermal system (6), characterized in that: It also includes a modular refrigeration room as described in claim 3; the shallow geothermal system includes one or more geothermal wells; the cooling water inlet and cooling water outlet on the side of the box (1) are connected to the output port and input port of the shallow geothermal system through pipes respectively; the chilled water inlet and chilled water outlet on the side of the box (1) are connected to the cooling return port and cooling input port of the user terminal (7) through pipes respectively; the depth of the geothermal well is 10m to 20m.

9. A refrigeration method, characterized in that: The refrigeration system as described in claim 8 is used; the refrigeration method includes a nighttime workflow and a daytime workflow: The nighttime workflow includes: Open the insulation cover (5-4) to open the top of the heat exchange chamber (1-2); start the fan (5-3) to drive the airflow heat exchange zone to exchange airflow with the external environment; drive the cooling water pump (4) to circulate the cooling water; when the cooling water flows through the finned tube, it absorbs the cold energy of the airflow in the external environment; at the same time, the top adjustment module (5) conducts radiative heat exchange with the external environment through the high infrared emissivity coating (5-5), storing the cold energy in the phase change cold storage material (5-1) or exchanging it with the cooling water in the finned tube; the cooling water output from the finned tube enters the shallow geothermal system and stores the cold energy in the shallow geothermal system; The daytime workflow includes: The insulation cover (5-4) is closed, sealing the top of the heat exchange chamber (1-2); the fan (5-3) is turned off; the cooling water pump (4) drives the cooling water to circulate; the cold energy stored in the shallow geothermal system enters the refrigeration unit (2) along with the cooling water; the refrigeration unit (2) exchanges the cold energy in the cooling water to the chilled water and supplies it to the user terminal (7); at the same time, the phase change cold storage material (5-1) supplies cooling to the sealed chamber (1-1) through heat conduction and the absorption of heat by the high absorptivity coating (5-6), maintaining the temperature of the sealed chamber (1-1); when the cold energy of the phase change cold storage material (5-1) is insufficient, the residual cold energy in the chilled water output by the refrigeration unit (2) supplements the cooling of the phase change cold storage material (5-1).

10. A refrigeration method according to claim 9, characterized in that: During the nighttime operation, by adjusting the opening of the bypass valve V1, a portion of the cooling water is controlled to flow through the refrigeration unit (2) for nighttime cooling. During the daytime operation, when the cooling capacity of the phase change cold storage material (5-1) is insufficient, the opening of the bypass valve V1 is adjusted so that the control part flows directly into the finned tube (5-2-3) without passing through the refrigeration unit (2), thereby increasing the supplementary cooling capacity of the phase change cold storage material (5-1).

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