Catalyst comprising oxygen storage component for treating exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO) and hydrocarbons

Abstract

The present invention relates to a catalyst for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO) and hydrocarbons, the catalyst comprising a first washcoat layer comprising Mn and optionally Ce wherein Mn and optionally Ce are supported on a metal oxide, respectively, a second washcoat layer comprising Mn and optionally Ce wherein Mn and optionally Ce are supported on a metal oxide, respectively, the catalyst comprises a second washcoat layer comprising Mn supported on an oxygen storage component wherein the oxygen storage component comprises ceria, and a substrate wherein the substrate has an inlet end and an outlet end wherein the catalyst further comprises one or more platinum group metals comprising Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially comprised in one or more of (a) the first washcoat layer, (b) the second washcoat layer, and (c) optionally a third washcoat layer, or (d) optionally a third washcoat layer and a fourth washcoat layer. Further, the present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment system comprising the catalyst, a method of treating an exhaust gas stream comprising one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO) and hydrocarbons using the catalyst, and the use of the catalyst for oxidizing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO) and hydrocarbons. In an embodiment, the first washcoat layer is disposed on the substrate, and the second washcoat layer is disposed on the first washcoat layer in a back region of the substrate, while the platinum group metals are included in the washcoat on the front region.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an oxygen storage component-containing catalyst for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, an exhaust gas treatment system including the catalyst, a method for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons using the catalyst, and the use of the catalyst for oxidizing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons. Background Art

[0002] The present invention relates to diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) having enhanced oxidation functionality, particularly enhanced oxidation functionality for one or more of formaldehyde (HCHO), nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons (including diesel fuel). Formaldehyde is known to be a toxic substance and is increasingly regulated in indoor air spaces due to its release from various building materials used in the construction industry. More stringent regulations have also been implemented for formaldehyde emissions from the engine exhausts of passenger and transport vehicles. Generally, manganese oxides (such as MnO2) are known to have activity for destroying formaldehyde under ambient conditions, but they do not have the thermal stability required to survive in a typical engine exhaust environment. In particular, phase changes at high temperatures (e.g., above 400 °C) can cause the structure of MnO2 to collapse, resulting in such low surface area and pore volume that catalysis is ineffective. One way to improve the stability of Mn oxides (as well as other catalytically useful base metal oxides such as copper, cerium dioxide, and iron) at high temperatures can be to load them on refractory oxide materials that themselves have high stability when exposed to the high temperatures in engine exhausts. In this regard, materials such as alumina (Al2O3) and zirconia (ZrO2) can be useful.

[0003] A key challenge in technologies incorporating Mn-containing base metal oxide (BMO) catalysts for reducing exhaust emissions from diesel vehicles can be seen in the inherently poor sulfur resistance of manganese exhibited at the high desulfation temperature of manganese sulfate. As described in the literature, at the typical temperatures (about 650 °C to 700 °C) for filter regeneration or desulfation (de-SOx) on diesel engines, significant desulfation of MnSO4 does not occur.

[0004] Pt and Pd supported on a high-temperature refractory metal oxide support provide effective oxidation of CO and HC pollutants emitted from diesel engines. Vehicle manufacturers require such DOC compositions to meet increasingly stringent CO and HC exhaust emission requirements worldwide. When placed in the exhaust gas of a diesel vehicle, an additional function of the DOC composition is to oxidize diesel fuel injected into the exhaust gas upstream of the DOC to generate a high-temperature exotherm, which is used to thermally oxidize soot accumulated on a diesel particulate filter (DPF) or a catalytic soot filter (CSF) located downstream of the DOC composition. Alternatively, the combustion process can be adjusted by various post-injection methods, etc. to increase the hydrocarbon concentration in the exhaust gas stream to generate an exotherm. A temperature greater than 600 °C at the inlet of the DPF or CSF is preferred to provide effective oxidation of the retained soot. The concentration of diesel fuel injected into the exhaust gas stream required to provide the desired exotherm is very high, approximately 1% (10,000 ppm) or more based on C1. The temperature at which the DOC composition can oxidize ( "light off") the injected fuel needs to be as low as possible, preferably below 300 °C. Additionally, the amount of hydrocarbon slip bypassing the DOC catalyst during exotherm generation needs to be as low as possible, preferably less than 3,000 ppm, 2,000 ppm or even 1,000 ppm.

[0005] WO 2022 / 047132 A1 relates to an oxidation catalyst composition for a catalytic article, an exhaust gas treatment system for reducing the level of formaldehyde in engine exhaust emissions. In particular, claim 1 discloses an oxidation catalyst comprising a platinum group metal (PGM) component comprising Pd, Pt or a combination thereof, a manganese component and a first refractory metal oxide support material containing zirconia.

[0006] US 10,598,061 B2 relates to methods and systems for diesel oxidation catalysts. In particular, claim 1 discloses a method comprising: generating NO2 in a catalyst comprising a support coating having zirconium, one or more base metal oxides and palladium oxide, wherein the exhaust gas flow rate is between a lower threshold flow rate and an upper threshold flow rate; and promoting regeneration of a particulate filter located downstream of the catalyst via NO2 when the exhaust gas temperature is higher than a threshold temperature, wherein the palladium oxide is contained in an upstream portion of the catalyst with respect to the exhaust gas flow direction; and the one or more base metal oxides are contained in a downstream portion of the catalyst with respect to the exhaust gas flow direction.

[0007] US10,392,980B2 relates to methods and systems for diesel oxidation catalysts. In particular, a method is disclosed in claim 1, the method comprising: passing diesel combustion exhaust gas through a diesel oxidation catalyst having a washcoat comprising zirconia, palladium oxide, and at least one base metal oxide, the washcoat being coated on a substrate surface, wherein the at least one base metal oxide is coated on a downstream portion of the substrate in an amount greater than that coated on an upstream portion, and the palladium oxide is coated on an upstream portion of the substrate in an amount greater than that coated on a downstream portion, downstream referring to the axial direction of exhaust gas flow, and wherein the palladium oxide accounts for 0.5 wt% to 3 wt% of the washcoat.

[0008] EP 3718627 A1 relates to manganese oxide - lanthanum manganite - PGM composites for TWC applications. In particular, a composition is disclosed in claim 1, the composition comprising a composite of aggregated and / or fused primary particles, the primary particles together having the formula [MnO x y :[La z MnO3] 1-y ; where x is from about 1 to about 2.5; y is from about 1 wt% to about 30 wt%; z is from about 0.7 to about 1.1; and La z MnO3 is a crystalline perovskite phase; and wherein the composite of aggregated and / or fused primary particles has an average surface area of about 25 m 2 / g to about 60 m 2 / g.

[0009] X. Liu et al. disclosed a comparative study on the complete oxidation of formaldehyde and carbon monoxide over MnO x -CeO2 catalysts in Journal of Rare Earths.

[0010] X. Wu et al. disclosed a study on the sulfur poisoning and regeneration of MnO x -CeO2-Al2O3 catalysts for soot oxidation in Journal of Rare Earths 2012.

[0011] Considering the more stringent regulations imposed on formaldehyde emissions from the engines of passenger and transport vehicles, there is a need to provide an improved catalyst for treating exhaust streams containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons. In particular, there is a need for an improved catalyst suitable for the oxidation of one or more of HCHO, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, which can be implemented in medium - sized diesel pickup trucks. Detailed Description

[0012] ​Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, which catalyst has improved properties in terms of performance, particularly after exposure to sulfation and desulfation treatments.

[0013] Surprisingly, it has been found that improved catalysts can be provided for the conversion of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons in exhaust gases. In particular, it has surprisingly been found that catalysts can be provided which exhibit improved performance in the conversion of one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons after exposure to sulfation and desulfation treatments encountered in typical applications. Furthermore, it has surprisingly been found that the catalysts according to the present invention exhibit enhanced hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NO) oxidation functions. In particular, it has surprisingly been found that the benefits of using a BMO-containing catalyst for reducing platinum group metals in a diesel exhaust treatment system are not limited to HCHO oxidation, but also to hydrocarbon and NO oxidation. This enables vehicle manufacturers to meet increasingly stringent vehicle emission standards while also reducing the total PGM usage and cost. It has also surprisingly been found that using a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) comprising a platinum group metal (PGM) and a base metal oxide (BMO) catalyst produces a catalyst with enhanced fuel combustion function. In addition, it is expected that the catalysts of the present invention are capable of oxidizing soot accumulated on a substrate, particularly on a wall-flow substrate, especially since an Mn-containing washcoat layer can produce NO2 which oxidizes soot. Additionally, the catalysts of the present invention can achieve a relatively low N2O production, particularly due to their relatively low platinum group metal content.

[0014] Accordingly, the present invention relates to a catalyst for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, which catalyst comprises

[0015] a first washcoat layer comprising Mn and optionally Ce, wherein the Mn and the optional Ce are respectively supported on a metal oxide,

[0016] a second washcoat layer comprising Mn supported on an oxygen storage component, wherein the oxygen storage component comprises cerium dioxide, and

[0017] a substrate,

[0018] wherein the substrate has an inlet end and an outlet end, and the exhaust gas stream can enter the catalyst through the inlet end and can leave the catalyst through the outlet end,

[0019] Wherein the catalyst further comprises one or more platinum group metals, and the one or more platinum group metals include Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd, and wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in one or more of the following:

[0020] (a) a first washcoat layer,

[0021] (b) a second washcoat layer, and

[0022] (c) an optional third washcoat layer, or

[0023] (d) an optional third washcoat layer and a fourth washcoat layer.

[0024] Within the meaning of the present invention, the oxygen storage component preferably refers to an entity having a multivalent state and being capable of actively reacting with a reducing agent such as carbon monoxide (CO) and / or hydrogen under reducing conditions and then reacting with an oxidizing agent such as oxygen or nitrogen oxides under oxidizing conditions.

[0025] Preferably, the first washcoat layer is substantially free of the oxygen storage component, and more preferably the first washcoat layer is free of the oxygen storage component.

[0026] Within the meaning of the present invention, when the washcoat layer contains an element or compound in an amount of 1 wt% or less, preferably 0.5 wt% or less, more preferably 0.1 wt% or less, more preferably 0.05 wt% or less, more preferably 0.01 wt% or less, more preferably 0.005 wt% or less, and even more preferably 0.001 wt% or less, based on 100 wt% of the washcoat layer, the washcoat layer is substantially free of the element or compound.

[0027] Preferably, based on 100 wt% of the first washcoat layer, the loading amount of Mn in the first washcoat layer is in the range of 1 wt% to 50 wt%, more preferably 2 wt% to 30 wt%, more preferably 5 wt% to 20 wt%, and even more preferably 8 wt% to 12 wt% in terms of element.

[0028] Preferably, the first washcoat layer contains Ce, and based on 100 wt% of the first washcoat layer, the loading amount of Ce in the first washcoat layer is preferably in the range of 1 wt% to 50 wt%, more preferably 2 wt% to 30 wt%, more preferably 5 wt% to 20 wt%, and even more preferably 8 wt% to 12 wt% in terms of element.

[0029] Preferably, based on 100% by weight of the second carrier coating layer, the loading amount of Mn in the second carrier coating layer is in the range of 0.1% to 50% by weight, more preferably 1% to 40% by weight, more preferably 2% to 30% by weight, more preferably 5% to 20% by weight, and more preferably 8% to 12% by weight, calculated on an elemental basis.

[0030] Preferably, the first carrier coating layer contains Cu, wherein more preferably the Cu is loaded on a metal oxide, and wherein the first carrier coating layer preferably contains CuO, Cu2O or CuO and Cu2O, more preferably CuO.

[0031] In the case where the first carrier coating layer contains Cu, preferably, based on 100 wt.-% of the first carrier coating layer, the loading amount of Cu in the first carrier coating layer is in the range of 1 wt.-% to 50 wt.-%, more preferably 2 wt.-% to 30 wt.-%, more preferably 5 wt.-% to 20 wt.-%, and more preferably 8 wt.-% to 12 wt.-%, calculated on an elemental basis.

[0032] Preferably, independently of each other, Mn is present in the form of one or more Mn cations, wherein Mn is more preferably included in the first and / or second carrier coating layer as one or more oxides, and wherein Mn is more preferably included in the first and / or second carrier coating layer as one or more oxides selected from Mn(II), Mn(III), Mn(II / III) and Mn(IV), more preferably as one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, MnO2, Mn(O)OH and Mn-Zr mixed oxides (including mixtures of two or more of them) are included in the first and / or second carrier coating layer, and wherein the Mn-Zr mixed oxide is more preferably included in the first and / or second carrier coating layer as a solid solution.

[0033] Preferably, the metal oxide in the first washcoat layer, on which Mn and optionally Ce and optionally Cu are respectively supported, is a particulate support material, where the particulate metal oxide support material is more preferably selected from the group consisting of ZrO2, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, ZrO2-doped Al2O3, ZrO2-doped SiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides, CuO-Al2O3 mixed oxides, and mixtures of two or more of them, more preferably selected from the group consisting of ZrO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, ZrO2-doped Al2O3, ZrO2-doped SiO2, TiO2, and mixtures of two or more of them, more preferably selected from the group consisting of ZrO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, and mixtures thereof, where more preferably Mn and optionally Ce and optionally Cu are supported on particulate La2O3-doped ZrO2, where preferably, based on 100% by weight of ZrO2 and La2O3, ZrO2 is doped with 1% to 50% by weight, preferably 3% to 30% by weight, more preferably 5% to 15% by weight, and even more preferably 8% to 10% by weight of La2O3.

[0034] When the metal oxide in the first washcoat layer, on which Mn and Ce and optionally Cu are respectively supported, is a particulate support material, it is preferred that the doped particulate metal oxide support material preferably forms a solid solution.

[0035] Furthermore, when the metal oxide in the first washcoat layer, on which Mn and Ce and optionally Cu are respectively supported, is a particulate support material, based on 100% by weight of ZrO2 and La2O3, ZrO2 is doped with 1% to 50% by weight, more preferably 3% to 30% by weight, more preferably 5% to 15% by weight, and even more preferably 8% to 10% by weight of La2O3.

[0036] Preferably, based on 100% by weight of the second washcoat layer, the loading amount of the oxygen storage component in the second washcoat layer is in the range of 5% to 100% by weight, more preferably 10% to 95% by weight, more preferably 20% to 90% by weight, more preferably 30% to 80% by weight, and even more preferably 40% to 70% by weight.

[0037] Preferably, the oxygen storage component comprises cerium dioxide and one or more additional metal oxides selected from the group consisting of: ZrO2, La2O3, Y2O3, Nd2O3, Pr2O3, and Pr6O 11, including mixtures of two or more of them, wherein more preferably, the oxygen storage component at least partially exhibits a fluorite structure, and wherein more preferably, the oxygen storage component exhibits a fluorite structure.

[0038] Preferably, the oxygen storage component comprises a CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, more preferably consists of a CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, wherein CeO2 and ZrO2 more preferably form a solid solution.

[0039] In the case where the oxygen storage component comprises cerium dioxide and one or more additional metal oxides selected from the group consisting of: ZrO2, La2O3, Y2O3, Nd2O3, Pr2O3 and Pr6O 11 , including mixtures of two or more of them, especially in the case where the oxygen storage component comprises a CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, preferably, the oxygen storage component comprises a rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide,

[0040] wherein based on 100% by weight of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide more preferably contains CeO2 in an amount in the range of 10% to 95% by weight, more preferably in the range of 20% to 90% by weight,

[0041] wherein based on 100% by weight of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, the CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide more preferably contains ZrO2 in an amount in the range of 5% to 75% by weight, more preferably in the range of 9% to 70% by weight,

[0042] wherein the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide more preferably contains La2O3 as a dopant, and based on 100% by weight of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, the amount of La2O3 is preferably in the range of 1% to 10% by weight, more preferably in the range of 1% to 5% by weight, more preferably in the range of 2% to 4% by weight,

[0043] wherein the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide more preferably further contains Y2O3 as a dopant, and based on 100% by weight of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, the amount of Y2O3 is preferably in the range of 1% to 10% by weight, more preferably in the range of 1% to 5% by weight, more preferably in the range of 2% to 4% by weight,

[0044] Among them, the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide more preferably further contains Nd2O3 as a dopant. Based on 100% by weight of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, the amount of Nd2O3 is preferably in the range of 1% to 10% by weight, more preferably in the range of 1% to 5% by weight, and even more preferably in the range of 2% to 4% by weight.

[0045] Among them, the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide preferably further contains praseodymium oxide, preferably Pr2O3 as a dopant. Based on 100% by weight of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, the amount of praseodymium oxide is preferably in the range of 1% to 10% by weight, more preferably in the range of 1% to 5% by weight, and even more preferably in the range of 2% to 4% by weight.

[0046] In the case where the oxygen storage component contains a rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, preferably, the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide is doped with La2O3. More preferably, based on 100% by weight of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, the amount of La2O3 is in the range of 1% to 20% by weight, more preferably in the range of 5% to 15% by weight, and even more preferably in the range of 9% to 6% by weight.

[0047] Preferably, independently of each other, the first carrier coating layer and / or the second carrier coating layer further contains one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, SiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, and mixtures of two or more of them, wherein more preferably the second carrier coating layer further contains Al2O3 and / or SiO2-doped Al2O3, and even more preferably Al2O3.

[0048] Preferably, the substrate is a wall-flow substrate or a flow-through substrate, more preferably a honeycomb wall-flow substrate or a honeycomb flow-through substrate, and even more preferably a honeycomb flow-through substrate, wherein the flow-through substrate is more preferably a flow-through substrate with a high-porosity wall.

[0049] Preferably, the loading amount of the first carrier coating layer is from 0.5 g / in 3 to 8 g / in 3 , more preferably from 0.8 g / in 3 to 7 g / in 3 , more preferably from 0.9 g / in 3 to 6 g / in 3 , more preferably from 1 g / in 3 to 5 g / in 3 , more preferably from 1.5 g / in 3 to 3 g / in3 , more preferably 1.8 g / in 3 to 2.5 g / in 3 within the range of

[0050] Within the meaning of the present invention, the loading amount of the carrier coating layer in the catalyst refers to the loading amount of the carrier coating layer based on the volume of the catalyst containing the carrier coating layer. Therefore, within the meaning of the present invention, the loading amount of the carrier coating layer contained only in a certain part or region of the catalyst is based on the volume of that part or region of the catalyst. Thus, for example, if the carrier coating layer is provided on 50% of the axial length of the honeycomb substrate, its loading amount is calculated based on 50% of the total volume of the honeycomb substrate.

[0051] Preferably, the loading amount of the second carrier coating layer is 0.1 g / in 3 to 5 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.3 g / in 3 to 3 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.4 g / in 3 to 2.5 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.5 g / in 3 to 2 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.8 g / in 3 to 1.2 g / in 3 within the range of

[0052] Preferably, the loading amount of the third carrier coating layer is 0.25 g / in 3 to 3.0 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.5 g / in 3 to 2.5 g / in 3 , more preferably 1 g / in 3 to 2 g / in 3 within the range of

[0053] Preferably, the loading amount of the fourth carrier coating layer is 0.25 g / in 3 to 3.0 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.5 g / in 3 to 2.5 g / in 3 , more preferably 1 g / in 3 to 2 g / in 3 within the range of

[0054] Preferably, the catalyst comprises one or more platinum group metals composed of Pt, Pd or Pt and Pd, more preferably the catalyst comprises Pt or Pt and Pd as one or more platinum group metals, and more preferably the catalyst comprises Pt and Pd as one or more platinum group metals.

[0055] Preferably, calculated by element, the catalyst comprises Pt in a loading range of 2 g / ft 3 to 250 g / ft 3 and more preferably 5 g / ft 3 to 150 g / ft 3 and more preferably 10 g / ft 3 to 125 g / ft 3 and more preferably 20 g / ft 3 to 100 g / ft 3 and more preferably 25 g / ft 3 to 85 g / ft 3 and more preferably 30 g / ft 3 to 80 g / ft 3 and more preferably 40 g / ft 3 to 60 g / ft 3 of Pt within the range.

[0056] Within the meaning of the present invention, the loading of Pt, Pd or Pt and Pd in the catalyst refers to the loading of Pt, Pd or Pt and Pd based on the volume of the catalyst containing Pt, Pd or Pt and Pd. In the case where Pt, Pd or Pt and Pd are contained in one or more zones of the catalyst, within the meaning of the present invention, preferably, the loading of Pt, Pd or Pt and Pd is based on the volume of the catalyst containing one or more zones of Pt, Pd or Pt and Pd. Thus, for example, if Pt, Pd or Pt and Pd are provided in a zone extending over 50% of the axial length of the honeycomb substrate, the loading is calculated based on 50% of the total volume of the honeycomb substrate.

[0057] Preferably, calculated by element, the catalyst comprises Pd in a loading range of 1 g / ft 3 to 80 g / ft 3 and more preferably 5 g / ft 3 to 60 g / ft 3 and more preferably 10 g / ft 3 to 50 g / ft 3 and more preferably 15 g / ft 3 to 40 g / ft 3 and more preferably 20 g / ft 3 to 30 g / ft 3 of Pd within the range.

[0058] Preferably, calculated by the respective elements, the catalyst comprises a total Pt and Pd loading in the range of 2 g / ft 3 to 250 g / ft 3 and more preferably 5 g / ft 3from 0 to 200 g / ft 3 and more preferably from 10 g / ft 3 to 150 g / ft 3 and more preferably from 20 g / ft 3 to 130 g / ft 3 and more preferably from 30 g / ft 3 to 125 g / ft 3 and more preferably from 40 g / ft 3 to 110 g / ft 3 and more preferably from 50 g / ft 3 to 100 g / ft 3 and more preferably from 60 g / ft 3 to 90 g / ft 3 and more preferably from 70 g / ft 3 to 80 g / ft 3 Pt and Pd in the range of

[0059] Preferably, the catalyst comprises Pt and Pd, and the Pt:Pd weight ratio is in the range of 30:70 to 90:10, more preferably 50:50 to 80:20, more preferably 60:40 to 75:25, and more preferably 65:35 to 70:30.

[0060] Preferably, the one or more platinum group metals are supported on a particulate support material, and the particulate support material is more preferably selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, Mn oxide-doped Al2O3, and mixtures of two or more of them, and more preferably the one or more platinum group metals are supported on Al2O3 and / or SiO2-doped Al2O3 and / or Mn oxide-doped Al2O3, more preferably SiO2-doped Al2O3 or Al2O3 or Mn oxide-doped Al2O3. Based on 100% by weight of the Mn oxide-doped Al2O3, calculated as MnO2, the Mn oxide-doped Al2O3 preferably contains 1% to 10% by weight, more preferably 4% to 6% by weight of Mn oxide.

[0061] Preferably, the first carrier coating layer contains a hydrocarbon-trapping material, wherein the hydrocarbon-trapping material includes a molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, more preferably zeolite with a maximum pore diameter of 12-membered ring, more preferably zeolite β, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, preferably contains SiO2 and Al2O3, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, more preferably has a molar ratio of SiO2 to Al2O3 in the range of 10:1 to 500:1, more preferably 10:1 to 100:1, more preferably 10:1 to 40:1, more preferably 15:1 to 30:1, more preferably 20:1 to 25:1, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, preferably contains Fe, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, more preferably contains Fe, based on the weight of the molecular sieve, calculated as Fe2O3, the amount of Fe is in the range of 1.0 wt% to 7.0 wt%, more preferably 3.0 wt% to 5.0 wt%, more preferably 4.0 wt% to 4.5 wt%.

[0062] In the case where the first carrier coating layer contains a hydrocarbon-trapping material, wherein the hydrocarbon-trapping material contains a molecular sieve, preferably, the loading amount of the hydrocarbon-trapping material in the first carrier coating layer is in 0.01 g / in 3 to 2.0 g / in 3 range, preferably in 0.05 g / in 3 to 1.0 g / in 3 range, more preferably in 0.05 g / in 3 to 0.3 g / in 3 range.

[0063] Preferably, the second carrier coating layer contains a hydrocarbon-trapping material, wherein the hydrocarbon-trapping material includes a molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, more preferably zeolite with a maximum pore diameter of 12-membered ring, more preferably zeolite β, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, preferably contains SiO2 and Al2O3, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, more preferably has a molar ratio of SiO2 to Al2O3 in the range of 10:1 to 500:1, more preferably 10:1 to 100:1, more preferably 10:1 to 40:1, more preferably 15:1 to 30:1, more preferably 20:1 to 25:1, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, preferably contains Fe, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, more preferably contains Fe, based on the weight of the molecular sieve, calculated as Fe2O3, the amount of Fe is in the range of 1.0 wt% to 7.0 wt%, more preferably 3.0 wt% to 5.0 wt%, more preferably 4.0 wt% to 4.5 wt%.

[0064] In the case where the second carrier coating layer contains a hydrocarbon-trapping material, wherein the hydrocarbon-trapping material includes a molecular sieve, preferably, the loading amount of the hydrocarbon-trapping material in the second carrier coating layer is in 0.01 g / in 3from 0 to 2.0 g / in 3 and preferably from 0.05 g / in 3 to 1.0 g / in 3 and more preferably from 0.05 g / in 3 to 0.3 g / in 3 within the range.

[0065] Preferably, the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third support coating layer, and more preferably all of the one or more platinum group metals are contained in the third support coating layer.

[0066] Preferably, the third support coating layer contains a hydrocarbon trapping material, wherein the hydrocarbon trapping material includes a molecular sieve, more preferably zeolite, more preferably zeolite with a maximum pore diameter of 12-membered ring, more preferably zeolite β, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, preferably contains SiO2 and Al2O3, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, more preferably has a molar ratio of SiO2 to Al2O3 in the range of 10:1 to 500:1, more preferably 10:1 to 100:1, more preferably 10:1 to 40:1, more preferably 15:1 to 30:1, more preferably 20:1 to 25:1, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, preferably contains Fe, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, more preferably contains Fe, based on the weight of the molecular sieve, calculated as Fe2O3, the amount of Fe is in the range of 1.0 wt% to 7.0 wt%, more preferably 3.0 wt% to 5.0 wt%, more preferably 4.0 wt% to 4.5 wt%.

[0067] When the third support coating layer contains a hydrocarbon trapping material, wherein the hydrocarbon trapping material includes a molecular sieve, preferably, the loading amount of the hydrocarbon trapping material in the third support coating layer is from 0.01 g / in 3 to 2.0 g / in 3 and more preferably from 0.05 g / in 3 to 1.0 g / in 3 and more preferably from 0.05 g / in 3 to 0.3 g / in 3 within the range.

[0068] According to the first alternative, preferably, the catalyst shows a layered arrangement of the first support coating layer and the second support coating layer, wherein the first support coating layer is disposed on the substrate, and wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer.

[0069] According to a second alternative, preferably, the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer and a second support coating layer, wherein the second support coating layer is provided on the substrate and wherein the first support coating layer is provided on the second support coating layer.

[0070] In the case where the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer and a second support coating layer according to the first alternative or the second alternative, preferably, the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially included in the second support coating layer, wherein preferably the one or more platinum group metals are entirely included in the second support coating layer.

[0071] Furthermore, in the case where the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer and a second support coating layer according to the first alternative or the second alternative, preferably, the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially included in the first support coating layer, wherein more preferably the one or more platinum group metals are entirely included in the first support coating layer.

[0072] According to a third alternative, preferably, the catalyst comprises a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer and a third support coating layer, wherein the first support coating layer is provided on the substrate, the second support coating layer is provided on the first support coating layer, and the third support coating layer is provided on the second support coating layer.

[0073] In the case where the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to a third alternative, preferably, the catalyst includes a fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the second layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the third support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone containing the third support coating layer and a downstream zone containing the fourth support coating layer. Alternatively, preferably, the catalyst includes a fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the second layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the third support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone containing the fourth support coating layer and a downstream zone containing the third support coating layer. Particularly preferably, the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0074] Further, in the case where the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to a third alternative, preferably, the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third support coating layer and / or the fourth support coating layer, wherein preferably the one or more platinum group metals are all contained in the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer.

[0075] According to a fourth alternative, preferably, the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer, wherein the first support coating layer is disposed on the substrate, the third support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer, and the second support coating layer is disposed on the third support coating layer.

[0076] According to a fifth alternative, preferably, the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer, wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the substrate, the first support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer, and the third support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer.

[0077] In the case where the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the fifth alternative, preferably, the catalyst includes a fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the first layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the third support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate, and wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate, wherein the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone including the third support coating layer and a downstream zone including the fourth support coating layer. Alternatively, preferably, the catalyst includes a fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the first layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate, and wherein the third support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate, wherein the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone including the fourth support coating layer and a downstream zone including the third support coating layer. Particularly preferably, the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0078] Further, in the case where the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the fifth alternative, preferably, the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially included in the third support coating layer and / or the fourth support coating layer, wherein preferably the one or more platinum group metals are entirely included in the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer.

[0079] According to the sixth alternative, preferably, the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer, wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the substrate, the third support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer, and the first support coating layer is disposed on the third support coating layer.

[0080] In the case where the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the third alternative, the fourth alternative, the fifth alternative, or the sixth alternative, preferably, the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially included in the third support coating layer, wherein more preferably the one or more platinum group metals are entirely included in the third support coating layer.

[0081] According to the seventh alternative, preferably, the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer and a second support coating layer, wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the first support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the first support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone including the second support coating layer and a downstream zone including the first support coating layer.

[0082] According to the eighth alternative, preferably, the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer and a second support coating layer, wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the first support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the first support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone including the first support coating layer and a downstream zone including the second support coating layer.

[0083] According to the ninth alternative, preferably, the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer and a second support coating layer, wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the first support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the second support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone including the second support coating layer and a downstream zone including the first support coating layer.

[0084] According to the tenth alternative, preferably, the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer and a second support coating layer, wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the first support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the second support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone including the first support coating layer and a downstream zone including the second support coating layer.

[0085] In the case where the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the seventh alternative, the eighth alternative, the ninth alternative, or the tenth alternative, preferably, the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the second support coating layer, and more preferably, the one or more platinum group metals are entirely contained in the second support coating layer.

[0086] Further, in the case where the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, in which the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the seventh alternative, eighth alternative, ninth alternative, or tenth alternative, preferably, the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially included in the first support coating layer, and preferably all of the one or more platinum group metals are included in the first support coating layer.

[0087] Further, in the case where the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, in which the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the seventh alternative, eighth alternative, ninth alternative, or tenth alternative, preferably, the first support coating layer and the second support coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0088] Further, in the case where the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, in which the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the seventh alternative, eighth alternative, ninth alternative, or tenth alternative, preferably, a part of the second support coating layer overlaps at least a part of the first support coating layer, and more preferably, the part of the second support coating layer overlaps the first support coating layer in the range of 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably in the range of 10% to 100% of the axial length of the first support coating layer, more preferably 15% to 80%, and even more preferably 20% to 50%.

[0089] Further, in the case where the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, in which the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the seventh alternative, eighth alternative, ninth alternative, or tenth alternative, preferably, a part of the first support coating layer overlaps at least a part of the second support coating layer, and more preferably, the part of the first support coating layer overlaps the second support coating layer in the range of 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably in the range of 10% to 100% of the axial length of the second support coating layer, more preferably 15% to 80%, and even more preferably 20% to 50%.

[0090] According to the eleventh alternative, preferably, the catalyst comprises a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer, wherein the third support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the first support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer starting from the outlet end of the substrate, wherein the length of the first support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone comprising the third support coating layer and a downstream zone comprising the first support coating layer and the second support coating layer, and wherein one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third support coating layer.

[0091] In the case where the catalyst comprises a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the eleventh alternative, preferably, the first support coating layer and the third support coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0092] Further, in the case where the catalyst comprises a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the eleventh alternative, preferably, the second support coating layer and the third support coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0093] Further, in the case where the catalyst comprises a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the eleventh alternative, preferably, a part of the second support coating layer overlaps at least a part of the third support coating layer, wherein more preferably the second support coating layer overlaps the third support coating layer on a part within the range of 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably 10% to 100% of the axial length of the third support coating layer, more preferably 15% to 80%, and more preferably 20% to 50%.

[0094] In the case where the catalyst includes a third washcoat layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first washcoat layer, a second washcoat layer, and a third washcoat layer according to the eleventh alternative, preferably, the catalyst includes a fourth washcoat layer, wherein the fourth washcoat layer is disposed on the second layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third washcoat layer and the fourth washcoat layer, wherein the third washcoat layer is disposed on the substrate at least partially starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the fourth washcoat layer is disposed on the second washcoat layer starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the fourth washcoat layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone containing the third washcoat layer and a downstream zone containing the fourth washcoat layer.

[0095] According to the twelfth alternative, preferably, the catalyst includes a third washcoat layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first washcoat layer, a second washcoat layer, and a third washcoat layer, wherein the third washcoat layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the second washcoat layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the first washcoat layer is disposed on the second washcoat layer starting from the outlet end of the substrate, wherein the length of the second washcoat layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone including the third washcoat layer and a downstream zone including the first washcoat layer and the second washcoat layer, and wherein one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third washcoat layer.

[0096] In the case where the catalyst includes a third washcoat layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first washcoat layer, a second washcoat layer, and a third washcoat layer according to the twelfth alternative, preferably, the second washcoat layer and the third washcoat layer are adjacent to each other.

[0097] Further, in the case where the catalyst includes a third washcoat layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first washcoat layer, a second washcoat layer, and a third washcoat layer according to the twelfth alternative, preferably, the first washcoat layer and the third washcoat layer are adjacent to each other.

[0098] Further, in the case where the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, where the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the twelfth alternative, preferably, a portion of the first support coating layer overlaps at least a portion of the third support coating layer, where more preferably the first support coating layer overlaps the third support coating layer over a portion in the range of 5% to 100%, more preferably 10% to 100%, more preferably 15% to 80%, and even more preferably 20% to 50% of the axial length of the substrate.

[0099] In the case where the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, where the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the twelfth alternative, preferably, the catalyst includes a fourth support coating layer, where the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the first layer, where the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, where the third support coating layer is disposed at least partially on the substrate along the axial length of the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate, and where the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer along the axial length of the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate, where the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone containing the third support coating layer and a downstream zone containing the fourth support coating layer.

[0100] According to the thirteenth alternative, preferably, the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, where the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer, where the third support coating layer is disposed on the substrate along the axial length of the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate, and where the first support coating layer is disposed on the substrate along the axial length of the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate, and where the second support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate, where the length of the first support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating a downstream zone including the third support coating layer and an upstream zone including the first support coating layer and the second support coating layer, and where one or more platinum group metals are at least partially included in the third support coating layer.

[0101] In the case where the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, where the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the thirteenth alternative, preferably, the first support coating layer and the third support coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0102] Further, in the case where the catalyst comprises a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the thirteenth alternative, preferably, the second support coating layer and the third support coating layer are adjacent to each other. Alternatively, preferably, a part of the second support coating layer overlaps at least a part of the third support coating layer, wherein more preferably the second support coating layer overlaps the third support coating layer on a part within the range of 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably within the range of 10% to 100%, more preferably 15% to 80%, and more preferably 20% to 50% of the axial length of the third support coating layer.

[0103] In the case where the catalyst comprises a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the thirteenth alternative, preferably, the catalyst comprises a fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the second layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the third support coating layer is disposed on the substrate at least partially starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone comprising the first support coating layer, the second support coating layer, and the fourth support coating layer and a downstream zone comprising the third support coating layer.

[0104] According to the fourteenth alternative, preferably, the catalyst comprises a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer, wherein the third support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the first support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate, wherein the length of the second support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating a downstream zone comprising the third support coating layer and an upstream zone comprising the first support coating layer and the second support coating layer, and wherein one or more platinum group metals are at least partially included in the third support coating layer.

[0105] In the case where the catalyst comprises a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the fourteenth alternative, preferably, the second support coating layer and the third support coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0106] Further, in the case where the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the fourteenth alternative, preferably, the first support coating layer and the third support coating layer are adjacent to each other. Alternatively, preferably, a part of the first support coating layer overlaps at least a part of the third support coating layer, wherein more preferably the first support coating layer overlaps the third support coating layer on a part within the range of 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably within the range of 10% to 100%, more preferably 15% to 80%, and more preferably 20% to 50% of the axial length of the third support coating layer.

[0107] In the case where the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the fourteenth alternative, preferably, the catalyst includes a fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is provided on the first layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the third support coating layer is provided on the substrate at least partially starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the fourth support coating layer is provided on the first support coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone including the first support coating layer, the second support coating layer, and the fourth support coating layer and a downstream zone including the third support coating layer.

[0108] In the case where the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer, and a third support coating layer according to the eleventh alternative, preferably, a part of the third support coating layer overlaps at least a part of the second support coating layer, wherein preferably the third support coating layer overlaps the second support coating layer on a part within the range of 10% to 100%, more preferably 15% to 80%, and more preferably 20% to 50% of the axial length of the second support coating layer. In this case, preferably, the catalyst includes a fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is provided on the second layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the third support coating layer is provided on the substrate at least partially starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the fourth support coating layer is provided on the second support coating layer starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone including the third support coating layer and a downstream zone including the fourth support coating layer.

[0109] In the case where the catalyst includes a third carrier coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first carrier coating layer, a second carrier coating layer, and a third carrier coating layer according to the thirteenth alternative, preferably, a part of the third carrier coating layer overlaps at least a part of the second carrier coating layer, wherein preferably the third carrier coating layer overlaps the second carrier coating layer on a part within the range of 10% to 100%, more preferably 15% to 80%, and even more preferably 20% to 50% of the axial length of the second carrier coating layer. In this case, preferably, the catalyst includes a fourth carrier coating layer, wherein the fourth carrier coating layer is provided on the second layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third carrier coating layer and the fourth carrier coating layer, wherein the third carrier coating layer is provided on the substrate at least partially starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the fourth carrier coating layer is provided on the second carrier coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the fourth carrier coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream region including the fourth carrier coating layer and a downstream region including the third carrier coating layer.

[0110] In the case where the catalyst includes a third carrier coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first carrier coating layer, a second carrier coating layer, and a third carrier coating layer according to the twelfth alternative, preferably, a part of the third carrier coating layer overlaps at least a part of the first carrier coating layer, wherein preferably the third carrier coating layer overlaps the first carrier coating layer on a part within the range of 10% to 100%, more preferably 15% to 80%, and even more preferably 20% to 50% of the axial length of the first carrier coating layer. In this case, preferably, the catalyst includes a fourth carrier coating layer, wherein the fourth carrier coating layer is provided on the first layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third carrier coating layer and the fourth carrier coating layer, wherein the third carrier coating layer is provided on the substrate at least partially starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the fourth carrier coating layer is provided on the first carrier coating layer starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the fourth carrier coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream region including the third carrier coating layer and a downstream region including the fourth carrier coating layer. In this case, preferably, the catalyst includes a fourth carrier coating layer, wherein the fourth carrier coating layer is provided on the second layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third carrier coating layer and the fourth carrier coating layer, wherein the third carrier coating layer is provided on the substrate at least partially starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the fourth carrier coating layer is provided on the first carrier coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the fourth carrier coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream region including the fourth carrier coating layer and a downstream region including the third carrier coating layer.

[0111] In the case where the catalyst comprises a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer and a third support coating layer according to the fourteenth alternative, preferably, a part of the third support coating layer overlaps at least a part of the first support coating layer, wherein preferably the third support coating layer overlaps the first support coating layer on a part within the range of 10% to 100%, more preferably 15% to 80%, and still more preferably 20% to 50% of the axial length of the first support coating layer. In this case, preferably, the catalyst comprises a fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is provided on the second layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the third support coating layer is provided on the substrate at least partially starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the fourth support coating layer is provided on the first support coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone including the fourth support coating layer and a downstream zone including the third support coating layer.

[0112] Preferably, the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0113] In the case where the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer and an optional third support coating layer according to the first alternative, the second alternative, the third alternative, the fourth alternative, the fifth alternative, the sixth alternative, the seventh alternative, the eighth alternative, the ninth alternative, the tenth alternative, the eleventh alternative, the twelfth alternative, the thirteenth alternative or the fourteenth alternative, preferably, the length of the first support coating layer is within the range of 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably within the range of 10% to 90% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably 30% to 80%, more preferably 45% to 75%, and still more preferably 50% to 70%.

[0114] Further, in the case where the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of a first support coating layer, a second support coating layer and an optional third support coating layer according to the first alternative, the second alternative, the third alternative, the fourth alternative, the fifth alternative, the sixth alternative, the seventh alternative, the eighth alternative, the ninth alternative, the tenth alternative, the eleventh alternative, the twelfth alternative, the thirteenth alternative or the fourteenth alternative, preferably, the length of the second support coating layer is within the range of 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably within the range of 10% to 90% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably 30% to 80%, more preferably 45% to 75%, and still more preferably 50% to 70%.

[0115] Preferably, one or more platinum group metals are entirely contained in the third support coating layer or in the third and fourth support coating layers.

[0116] Preferably, the length of the third support coating layer ranges from 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably from 10% to 90% of the axial length of the substrate, preferably from 20% to 60%, and more preferably from 35% to 45%.

[0117] In the case where the catalyst includes a fourth support coating layer, preferably, the length of the fourth support coating layer ranges from 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, preferably from 10% to 90% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably from 20% to 60%, and more preferably from 35% to 45%.

[0118] Further, in the case where the catalyst includes a fourth support coating layer, preferably, the fourth support coating layer contains a hydrocarbon trapping material, wherein the hydrocarbon trapping material includes a molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, more preferably zeolite with a maximum pore size of 12 - membered rings, more preferably zeolite β, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, preferably contains SiO2 and Al2O3, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, more preferably has a molar ratio of SiO2 to Al2O3 in the range of 10:1 to 500:1, more preferably 10:1 to 100:1, more preferably 10:1 to 40:1, more preferably 15:1 to 30:1, more preferably 20:1 to 25:1, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, preferably contains Fe, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, more preferably contains Fe, based on the weight of the molecular sieve, calculated as Fe2O3, the amount of Fe is in the range of 1.0 wt% to 7.0 wt%, more preferably 3.0 wt% to 5.0 wt%, more preferably 4.0 wt% to 4.5 wt%.

[0119] In the case where the fourth support coating layer contains a hydrocarbon trapping material, preferably, the loading amount of the hydrocarbon trapping material in the fourth support coating layer is in the range of 0.01 g / in 3 to 2.0 g / in 3 more preferably in the range of 0.05 g / in 3 to 1.0 g / in 3 more preferably in the range of 0.05 g / in 3 to 0.3 g / in 3 of the range.

[0120] Further, in the case where the catalyst includes a fourth support coating layer, preferably, the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the fourth support coating layer.

[0121] In the case where at least a portion of the one or more platinum group metals is contained in the fourth carrier coating layer, preferably, the one or more platinum group metals are supported on a particulate carrier material, where the particulate carrier material is preferably selected from the group consisting of: Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, Mn oxide-doped Al2O3, and mixtures of two or more of them, where preferably the one or more platinum group metals are supported on Al2O3 and / or SiO2-doped Al2O3 and / or Mn oxide-doped Al2O3, more preferably on SiO2-doped Al2O3 or Al2O3 or Mn oxide-doped Al2O3, where based on 100% by weight of Mn oxide-doped Al2O3, calculated as MnO2, the Mn oxide-doped Al2O3 preferably contains 1% to 10% by weight, more preferably 4% to 6% by weight of Mn oxide.

[0122] Further, in the case where the catalyst includes a fourth carrier coating layer, preferably, the catalyst includes a third carrier coating layer and a fourth carrier coating layer, where the one or more platinum group metals are completely contained in the third carrier coating layer and the fourth carrier coating layer, where the weight ratio of the one or more platinum group metals contained in the third carrier coating layer to the one or more platinum group metals contained in the fourth carrier coating layer is in the range of 0.5:1 to 5.0:1, more preferably 1.0:1 to 2.0:1, even more preferably in the range of 1.4:1 to 1.6:1, where the one or more platinum group metals contained in the third carrier coating layer preferably include Pt and Pd, more preferably consist of Pt and Pd, where the one or more platinum group metals contained in the fourth carrier coating layer preferably include Pt and Pd, more preferably consist of Pt and Pd.

[0123] Further, in the case where the catalyst includes a fourth carrier coating layer, preferably, the one or more platinum group metals are entirely contained in the third carrier coating layer and / or the optional fourth carrier coating layer.

[0124] Preferably, the substrate is a metal substrate or a ceramic substrate, where preferably the substrate is a ceramic substrate, where more preferably the substrate contains cordierite and / or SiC, preferably cordierite, where more preferably the substrate consists of cordierite and / or SiC, preferably consists of cordierite.

[0125] In the case where the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of a first washcoat layer, a second washcoat layer, and an optional third washcoat layer according to the seventh alternative, eighth alternative, ninth alternative, tenth alternative, eleventh alternative, twelfth alternative, thirteenth alternative, or fourteenth alternative, it is preferred that the substrate consists of two separate monoliths, where the first monolith is disposed upstream of the second monolith, where one or more of the washcoat layers in the upstream zone are included on the first monolith, and one or more of the washcoat layers in the downstream zone are included on the second monolith, where more preferably, the first monolith containing one or more of the washcoat layers in the upstream zone and the second monolith containing one or more of the washcoat layers in the downstream zone are obtained or obtainable by dividing a catalyst according to any one of the embodiments disclosed herein into two separate monoliths according to any one of the seventh alternative, eighth alternative, ninth alternative, tenth alternative, eleventh alternative, twelfth alternative, thirteenth alternative, or fourteenth alternative, where one or more of the washcoat layers in the upstream zone are included on the first monolith, and one or more of the washcoat layers in the downstream zone are included on the second monolith.

[0126] Preferably, the exhaust gas stream contains hydrocarbons, preferably C1 to C20 hydrocarbons, more preferably C2 to C10 hydrocarbons.

[0127] Further, the present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment system that includes an internal combustion engine and an exhaust gas duct for exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, where the exhaust gas duct includes one or more catalysts according to any one of the embodiments disclosed herein, preferably one, two, three, or four catalysts according to any one of the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0128] Preferably, the internal combustion engine is a compression ignition engine, more preferably a diesel engine.

[0129] Preferably, the internal combustion engine is a lean burn gasoline engine.

[0130] Alternatively, preferably, the internal combustion engine is powered by an oxygenated fuel, where the oxygenated fuel more preferably includes one or more of methanol and biofuel.

[0131] Preferably, the system includes one or more of an electric heater, a fuel burner, a fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst, a catalytic soot filter (CSF), a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF), and a diesel exothermic catalyst (DEC).

[0132] According to a first alternative, it is preferred that the system comprises, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a diesel exothermic catalyst (DEC), a catalytic soot filter (CSF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst.

[0133] According to a second alternative, it is preferred that the system comprises, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a diesel exothermic catalyst (DEC), a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst.

[0134] According to a third alternative, it is preferred that the system comprises, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a diesel exothermic catalyst (DEC), a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0135] According to a fourth alternative, it is preferred that the system comprises, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst.

[0136] According to a fifth alternative, it is preferred that the system comprises, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein (wherein the substrate is a wall-flow substrate), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0137] According to a sixth alternative, it is preferred that the system comprises, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a catalytic soot filter (CSF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst.

[0138] According to a seventh alternative, it is preferred that the system comprises, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a catalytic soot filter (CSF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0139] According to an eighth alternative, it is preferred that the system comprises, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein (wherein the substrate is a wall-flow substrate), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0140] According to a ninth alternative, it is preferred that the system comprises, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction on filter catalyst (SCRoF), and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0141] According to the tenth alternative, it is preferred that the system includes, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF), and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0142] According to the eleventh alternative, it is preferred that the system includes, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a catalytic soot filter (CSF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0143] According to the twelfth alternative, it is preferred that the system includes, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein (where the substrate is a wall-flow substrate), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0144] According to the thirteenth alternative, it is preferred that the system includes, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0145] According to the fourteenth alternative, it is preferred that the system includes, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0146] According to the fifteenth alternative, it is preferred that the system comprises, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally, an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0147] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, the method comprising

[0148] (A) providing an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons;

[0149] (B) guiding the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) through a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0150] Preferably, the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) contains one or more sulfur-containing compounds, more preferably SO2 and / or SO3.

[0151] Preferably, the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) contains NO x .

[0152] Preferably, the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) contains CO.

[0153] Preferably, the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) contains formaldehyde.

[0154] Preferably, the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) contains nitrogen oxides (NO).

[0155] Preferably, the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) contains hydrocarbons, more preferably C1 to C20 hydrocarbons, more preferably C2 to C10 hydrocarbons.

[0156] Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of a catalyst according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein for oxidizing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, more preferably for oxidizing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons in an exhaust gas stream, more preferably for oxidizing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine, more preferably for oxidizing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas stream of a compression ignition engine, more preferably for oxidizing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas stream of a diesel engine.

[0157] The present invention is further illustrated by the following set of embodiments and combinations of embodiments derived from the indicated dependencies and cross-references. In particular, it should be noted that in each case where a range of embodiments is mentioned, for example in the context of a term such as "a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4", each embodiment within that range is meant to be explicitly disclosed to a person skilled in the art, i.e., the wording of the term should be understood by the person skilled in the art as being synonymous with "a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1, 2, 3, and 4". Furthermore, it should be explicitly stated that the following set of embodiments represents a properly structured part of the general description of the preferred aspects of the present invention and thus properly supports but does not represent the claims of the present invention.

[0158] 1. A catalyst for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, the catalyst comprising

[0159] a first washcoat layer comprising Mn and optionally Ce, wherein Mn and optionally Ce are respectively supported on a metal oxide,

[0160] a second washcoat layer comprising Mn supported on an oxygen storage component, wherein the oxygen storage component comprises cerium dioxide, and

[0161] a substrate,

[0162] wherein the substrate has an inlet end and an outlet end, the exhaust gas stream can enter the catalyst through the inlet end, and the exhaust gas stream can leave the catalyst through the outlet end,

[0163] wherein the catalyst further comprises one or more platinum group metals, the one or more platinum group metals comprising Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially comprised in one or more of the following:

[0164] (a) the first washcoat layer,

[0165] (b) the second washcoat layer, and

[0166] (c) an optional third washcoat layer, or

[0167] (d) an optional third washcoat layer and a fourth washcoat layer.

[0168] 2. The catalyst according to embodiment 1, wherein the first washcoat layer is substantially free of an oxygen storage component, and preferably the first washcoat layer is free of an oxygen storage component.

[0169] 3. The catalyst according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein based on 100 wt.-% of the first support coating layer, calculated in terms of elements, the loading amount of Mn in the first support coating layer is in the range of 1 wt.-% to 50 wt.-%, preferably 2 wt.-% to 30 wt.-%, more preferably 5 wt.-% to 20 wt.-%, and even more preferably 8 wt.-% to 12 wt.-%.

[0170] 4. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the first support coating layer contains Ce, and based on 100% by weight of the first support coating layer, calculated in terms of elements, the loading amount of Ce in the first support coating layer is in the range of 1% by weight to 50% by weight, preferably 2% by weight to 30% by weight, more preferably 5% by weight to 20% by weight, and even more preferably 8% by weight to 12% by weight.

[0171] 5. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein based on 100% by weight of the second support coating layer, calculated in terms of elements, the loading amount of Mn in the second support coating layer is in the range of 0.1% by weight to 50% by weight, preferably 1% by weight to 40% by weight, more preferably 2% by weight to 30% by weight, and even more preferably 5% by weight to 20% by weight, and even more preferably 8% by weight to 12% by weight.

[0172] 6. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the first support coating layer contains Cu, and more preferably Cu is loaded on a metal oxide, and the first support coating layer preferably contains CuO, Cu2O, or CuO and Cu2O, and more preferably CuO.

[0173] 7. The catalyst according to embodiment 6, wherein based on 100% by weight of the first support coating layer, calculated in terms of elements, the loading amount of Cu in the first support coating layer is in the range of 1% by weight to 50% by weight, preferably 2% by weight to 30% by weight, more preferably 5% by weight to 20% by weight, and even more preferably 8% by weight to 12% by weight.

[0174] 8. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein, independently of one another, Mn is present in the form of one or more Mn cations, wherein Mn is preferably included in the first carrier coating layer and / or the second carrier coating layer as one or more oxides, wherein Mn is preferably included in the first carrier coating layer and / or the second carrier coating layer as one or more oxides of Mn(II), Mn(III), Mn(II / III), and Mn(IV), more preferably included in the first carrier coating layer and / or the second carrier coating layer as one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, MnO2, Mn(O)OH, and Mn-Zr mixed oxides (including mixtures of two or more of them), wherein the Mn-Zr mixed oxide is preferably included in the first carrier coating layer and / or the second carrier coating layer as a solid solution.

[0175] 9. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the metal oxide in the first carrier coating layer on which Mn and optionally Ce and optionally Cu are respectively loaded is a particulate carrier material, wherein the particulate metal oxide carrier material is preferably selected from the group consisting of ZrO2, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, ZrO2-doped Al2O3, ZrO2-doped SiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, CuO-Al2O3 mixed oxide, and mixtures of two or more of them, more preferably selected from the group consisting of ZrO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, ZrO2-doped Al2O3, ZrO2-doped SiO2, TiO2, and mixtures of two or more of them, more preferably selected from the group consisting of ZrO2, La2O3-doped ZrO2, and mixtures thereof, wherein more preferably Mn and optionally Ce and optionally Cu are loaded on particulate La2O3-doped ZrO2, wherein preferably based on 100% by weight of ZrO2 and La2O3, ZrO2 is doped with an amount of La2O3 of 1% to 50% by weight, preferably 3% to 30% by weight, more preferably 5% to 15% by weight, more preferably 8% to 10% by weight.

[0176] 10. The catalyst according to embodiment 9, wherein the doped particulate metal oxide carrier material preferably forms a solid solution.

[0177] 11. The catalyst according to embodiment 9 or 10, wherein based on 100% by weight of ZrO2 and La2O3, ZrO2 is doped with an amount of La2O3 in the range of 1% to 50% by weight, preferably 3% to 30% by weight, more preferably 5% to 15% by weight, even more preferably 8% to 10% by weight.

[0178] 12. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein based on 100% by weight of the second carrier coating layer, the loading amount of the oxygen storage component in the second carrier coating layer is in the range of 5% to 100% by weight, preferably 10% to 95% by weight, more preferably 20% to 90% by weight, even more preferably 30% to 80% by weight, even more preferably 40% to 70% by weight.

[0179] 13. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the oxygen storage component comprises cerium dioxide and one or more additional metal oxides selected from the group consisting of: ZrO2, La2O3, Y2O3, Nd2O3, Pr2O3, and Pr6O 11 , including mixtures of two or more of them, wherein preferably, the oxygen storage component at least partially exhibits a fluorite structure, and more preferably, the oxygen storage component exhibits a fluorite structure.

[0180] 14. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the oxygen storage component comprises a CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, preferably consisting of a CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, wherein CeO2 and ZrO2 preferably form a solid solution.

[0181] 15. The catalyst according to embodiment 13 or 14, wherein the oxygen storage component comprises a rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide,

[0182] wherein based on 100% by weight of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide preferably contains an amount of CeO2 in the range of 10% to 95% by weight, more preferably in the range of 20% to 90% by weight,

[0183] wherein based on 100% by weight of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, the CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide preferably contains an amount of ZrO2 in the range of 5% to 75% by weight, more preferably in the range of 9% to 70% by weight.

[0184] Wherein the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide preferably contains La2O3 as a dopant, and based on 100% by weight of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, the amount of La2O3 is preferably in the range of 1% to 10% by weight, more preferably in the range of 1% to 5% by weight, and even more preferably in the range of 2% to 4% by weight.

[0185] Wherein the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide preferably further contains Y2O3 as a dopant, and based on 100% by weight of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, the amount of Y2O3 is preferably in the range of 1% to 10% by weight, more preferably in the range of 1% to 5% by weight, and even more preferably in the range of 2% to 4% by weight.

[0186] Wherein the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide preferably further contains Nd2O3 as a dopant, and based on 100% by weight of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, the amount of Nd2O3 is preferably in the range of 1% to 10% by weight, more preferably in the range of 1% to 5% by weight, and even more preferably in the range of 2% to 4% by weight.

[0187] Wherein the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide preferably further contains praseodymium oxide, preferably Pr2O3 as a dopant, and based on 100% by weight of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, the amount of the praseodymium oxide is preferably in the range of 1% to 10% by weight, more preferably in the range of 1% to 5% by weight, and even more preferably in the range of 2% to 4% by weight.

[0188] 16. The catalyst according to embodiment 15, wherein the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide is doped with La2O3, and based on 100% by weight of the rare earth metal-doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide, the amount of La2O3 is preferably in the range of 1% to 20% by weight, more preferably in the range of 5% to 15% by weight, and even more preferably in the range of 9% to 11% by weight.

[0189] 17. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 16, wherein, independently of each other, the first carrier coating layer and / or the second carrier coating layer further comprises one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, SiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein preferably the second carrier coating layer further comprises Al2O3 and / or SiO2-doped Al2O3, more preferably Al2O3.

[0190] 18. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 17, wherein the substrate is a wall-flow substrate or a flow-through substrate, preferably a honeycomb wall-flow substrate or a honeycomb flow-through substrate, more preferably a honeycomb flow-through substrate, wherein the flow-through substrate is more preferably a flow-through substrate having a high-porosity wall.

[0191] 19. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 18, wherein the loading of the first carrier coating layer is in the range of 0.5 g / in 3 to 8 g / in 3 , preferably 0.8 g / in 3 to 7 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.9 g / in 3 to 6 g / in 3 , more preferably 1 g / in 3 to 5 g / in 3 , more preferably 1.5 g / in 3 to 3 g / in 3 , more preferably 1.8 g / in 3 to 2.5 g / in 3 .

[0192] 20. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the loading of the second carrier coating layer is in the range of 0.1 g / in 3 to 5 g / in 3 , preferably 0.3 g / in 3 to 3 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.4 g / in 3 to 2.5 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.5 g / in 3 to 2 g / in 3 , more preferably 0.8 g / in 3 to 1.2 g / in 3 .

[0193] 21. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the loading of the third carrier coating layer is in the range of 0.25 g / in 3 to 3.0 g / in3 , preferably 0.5 g / in 3 to 2.5 g / in 3 , more preferably 1 g / in 3 to 2 g / in 3 within the range of.

[0194] 22. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 21, wherein the loading amount of the fourth carrier coating layer is 0.25 g / in 3 to 3.0 g / in 3 , preferably 0.5 g / in 3 to 2.5 g / in 3 , more preferably 1 g / in 3 to 2 g / in 3 within the range of.

[0195] 23. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 22, wherein the catalyst comprises one or more platinum group metals composed of Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd, wherein preferably the catalyst comprises Pt or Pt and Pd as the one or more platinum group metals, and wherein more preferably the catalyst comprises Pt and Pd as the one or more platinum group metals.

[0196] 24. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 23, wherein calculated on an elemental basis, the catalyst comprises Pt with a loading amount in the range of 2 g / ft 3 to 250 g / ft 3 , preferably 5 g / ft 3 to 150 g / ft 3 , more preferably 10 g / ft 3 to 125 g / ft 3 , more preferably 20 g / ft 3 to 100 g / ft 3 , more preferably 25 g / ft 3 to 85 g / ft 3 , more preferably 30 g / ft 3 to 80 g / ft 3 , more preferably 40 g / ft 3 to 60 g / ft 3 within the range of.

[0197] 25. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 24, wherein calculated on an elemental basis, the catalyst comprises Pd with a loading amount in the range of 1 g / ft 3 to 80 g / ft 3 , preferably 5 g / ft 3 to 60 g / ft 3 , more preferably 10 g / ft3 from 1 g / ft to 50 g / ft 3 , more preferably from 15 g / ft 3 to 40 g / ft 3 , more preferably from 20 g / ft 3 to 30 g / ft 3 of Pd within the range.

[0198] 26. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 25, wherein, calculated based on the corresponding elements, the catalyst comprises a total Pt and Pd loading of from 2 g / ft 3 to 250 g / ft 3 , preferably from 5 g / ft 3 to 200 g / ft 3 , more preferably from 10 g / ft 3 to 150 g / ft 3 , more preferably from 20 g / ft 3 to 130 g / ft 3 , more preferably from 30 g / ft 3 to 125 g / ft 3 , more preferably from 40 g / ft 3 to 110 g / ft 3 , more preferably from 50 g / ft 3 to 100 g / ft 3 , more preferably from 60 g / ft 3 to 90 g / ft 3 , more preferably from 70 g / ft 3 to 80 g / ft 3 of Pt and Pd within the range.

[0199] 27. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 26, wherein the catalyst comprises Pt and Pd, and the Pt:Pd weight ratio is within the range of 30:70 to 90:10, preferably 50:50 to 80:20, more preferably 60:40 to 75:25, and even more preferably 65:35 to 70:30.

[0200] 28. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 27, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are supported on a particulate support material, wherein the particulate support material is preferably selected from the group consisting of: Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, Mn oxide-doped Al2O3, and mixtures of two or more of them, wherein preferably the one or more platinum group metals are supported on Al2O3 and / or SiO2-doped Al2O3 and / or Mn oxide-doped Al2O3, more preferably on SiO2-doped Al2O3 or Al2O3 or Mn oxide-doped Al2O3, wherein based on 100% by weight of the Mn oxide-doped Al2O3, calculated as MnO2, the Mn oxide-doped Al2O3 preferably contains 1% to 10% by weight, more preferably 4% to 6% by weight of Mn oxide.

[0201] 29. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 28, wherein the first carrier coating layer comprises a hydrocarbon trapping material, wherein the hydrocarbon trapping material comprises a molecular sieve, preferably a zeolite, more preferably a zeolite having a maximum pore size of 12-membered rings, more preferably zeolite β, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, preferably comprises SiO2 and Al2O3, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, more preferably has a molar ratio of SiO2 to Al2O3 in the range of 10:1 to 500:1, more preferably 10:1 to 100:1, more preferably 10:1 to 40:1, more preferably 15:1 to 30:1, more preferably 20:1 to 25:1, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, preferably comprises Fe, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, more preferably comprises Fe, based on the weight of the molecular sieve, calculated as Fe2O3, the amount of Fe is in the range of 1.0% to 7.0% by weight, more preferably 3.0% to 5.0% by weight, more preferably 4.0% to 4.5% by weight.

[0202] 30. The catalyst according to embodiment 29, wherein the loading amount of the hydrocarbon trapping material in the first carrier coating layer is in the range of 0.01 g / in 3 to 2.0 g / in 3 preferably in the range of 0.05 g / in 3 to 1.0 g / in 3 more preferably in the range of 0.05 g / in 3 to 0.3 g / in 3 of the range.

[0203] 31. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 30, wherein the second support coating layer comprises a hydrocarbon trapping material, wherein the hydrocarbon trapping material comprises a molecular sieve, preferably a zeolite, more preferably a zeolite having a maximum pore size of 12-membered rings, more preferably zeolite beta, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, preferably comprises SiO2 and Al2O3, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, more preferably has a molar ratio of SiO2 to Al2O3 in the range of 10:1 to 500:1, more preferably 10:1 to 100:1, more preferably 10:1 to 40:1, more preferably 15:1 to 30:1, more preferably 20:1 to 25:1, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, preferably comprises Fe, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, more preferably comprises Fe, based on the weight of the molecular sieve, calculated as Fe2O3, the amount of Fe is in the range of 1.0 wt% to 7.0 wt%, more preferably 3.0 wt% to 5.0 wt%, more preferably 4.0 wt% to 4.5 wt%.

[0204] 32. The catalyst according to embodiment 31, wherein the loading amount of the hydrocarbon trapping material in the second support coating layer is in the range of 0.01 g / in 3 to 2.0 g / in 3 and preferably in the range of 0.05 g / in 3 to 1.0 g / in 3 and more preferably in the range of 0.05 g / in 3 to 0.3 g / in 3 and preferably in the range of 0.05 g / in

[0205] 33. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 32, wherein the catalyst comprises a third support coating layer, wherein at least a portion of the one or more platinum group metals is contained in the third support coating layer, wherein preferably all of the one or more platinum group metals are contained in the third support coating layer.

[0206] 34. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 33, wherein the third support coating layer comprises a hydrocarbon trapping material, wherein the hydrocarbon trapping material comprises a molecular sieve, preferably a zeolite, more preferably a zeolite having a maximum pore size of 12-membered rings, more preferably zeolite beta, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, preferably comprises SiO2 and Al2O3, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, more preferably has a molar ratio of SiO2 to Al2O3 in the range of 10:1 to 500:1, more preferably 10:1 to 100:1, more preferably 10:1 to 40:1, more preferably 15:1 to 30:1, more preferably 20:1 to 25:1, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, preferably comprises Fe, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, more preferably comprises Fe, based on the weight of the molecular sieve, calculated as Fe2O3, the amount of Fe is in the range of 1.0 wt% to 7.0 wt%, more preferably 3.0 wt% to 5.0 wt%, more preferably 4.0 wt% to 4.5 wt%.

[0207] 35. The catalyst according to embodiment 34, wherein the loading amount of the hydrocarbon trapping material in the third support coating layer is in the range of 0.01 g / in 3 to 2.0 g / in 3 and preferably in the range of 0.05 g / in 3 to 1.0 g / in 3 and more preferably in the range of 0.05 g / in 3 to 0.3 g / in 3 and preferably in the range of 0.05 g / in

[0208] 36. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 35, wherein the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of the first support coating layer and the second support coating layer, wherein the first support coating layer is disposed on the substrate, and wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer.

[0209] 37. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 35, wherein the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of the first support coating layer and the second support coating layer, wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the substrate, and wherein the first support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer.

[0210] 38. The catalyst according to embodiment 36 or 37, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the second support coating layer, and preferably all of the one or more platinum group metals are contained in the second support coating layer.

[0211] 39. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 36 to 38, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially included in the first support coating layer, and preferably all of the one or more platinum group metals are included in the first support coating layer.

[0212] 40. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 35, wherein the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, and the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of the first support coating layer, the second support coating layer, and the third support coating layer, wherein the first support coating layer is disposed on the substrate, the second support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer, and the third support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer.

[0213] 41. The catalyst according to embodiment 40, wherein the catalyst includes a fourth support coating layer, and the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the second layer, and the catalyst exhibits a partitioned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the third support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream region including the third support coating layer and a downstream region including the fourth support coating layer.

[0214] 42. The catalyst according to embodiment 40, wherein the catalyst includes a fourth support coating layer, and the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the second layer, and the catalyst exhibits a partitioned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and the third support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream region including the fourth support coating layer and a downstream region including the third support coating layer.

[0215] 43. The catalyst according to embodiment 41 or 42, wherein the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0216] 44. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 40 to 43, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially included in the third support coating layer and / or the fourth support coating layer, and preferably all of the one or more platinum group metals are included in the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer.

[0217] 45. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 35, wherein the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, and the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of the first support coating layer, the second support coating layer, and the third support coating layer, wherein the first support coating layer is disposed on the substrate, the third support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer, and the second support coating layer is disposed on the third support coating layer.

[0218] 46. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 35, wherein the catalyst includes a third support coating layer, and the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of the first support coating layer, the second support coating layer, and the third support coating layer, wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the substrate, the first support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer, and the third support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer.

[0219] 47. The catalyst according to embodiment 46, wherein the catalyst includes a fourth support coating layer, and the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the first layer, and the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the third support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone including the third support coating layer and a downstream zone including the fourth support coating layer.

[0220] 48. The catalyst according to embodiment 46, wherein the catalyst comprises a fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the first layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the third support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream region including the fourth support coating layer and a downstream region including the third support coating layer.

[0221] 49. The catalyst according to embodiment 47 or 48, wherein the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0222] 50. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 46 to 49, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third support coating layer and / or the fourth support coating layer, and preferably all of the one or more platinum group metals are contained in the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer.

[0223] 51. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 35, wherein the catalyst comprises a third support coating layer, wherein the catalyst exhibits a layered arrangement of the first support coating layer, the second support coating layer, and the third support coating layer, wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the substrate, the third support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer, and the first support coating layer is disposed on the third support coating layer.

[0224] 52. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 45 to 51, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third support coating layer, and preferably all of the one or more platinum group metals are contained in the third support coating layer.

[0225] 53. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 35, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first support coating layer and the second support coating layer, wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the first support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the first support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream region including the second support coating layer and a downstream region including the first support coating layer.

[0226] 54. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 35, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first support coating layer and the second support coating layer, wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the first support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the first support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone including the first support coating layer and a downstream zone including the second support coating layer.

[0227] 55. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 35, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first support coating layer and the second support coating layer, wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the first support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the second support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone including the second support coating layer and a downstream zone including the first support coating layer.

[0228] 56. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 35, wherein the catalyst exhibits a zoned arrangement of the first support coating layer and the second support coating layer, wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the first support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, wherein the length of the second support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream zone including the first support coating layer and a downstream zone including the second support coating layer.

[0229] 57. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 53 to 56, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the second support coating layer, wherein preferably the one or more platinum group metals are entirely contained in the second support coating layer.

[0230] 58. The catalyst according to embodiments 53 to 57, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the first support coating layer, wherein preferably the one or more platinum group metals are entirely contained in the first support coating layer.

[0231] 59. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 53 to 58, wherein the first carrier coating layer and the second carrier coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0232] 60. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 53 to 58, wherein a part of the second carrier coating layer overlaps at least a part of the first carrier coating layer, and preferably the second carrier coating layer overlaps the first carrier coating layer on a part within the range of 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, preferably 10% to 100% of the axial length of the first carrier coating layer, more preferably 15% to 80%, and still more preferably 20% to 50%.

[0233] 61. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 53 to 58, wherein a part of the first carrier coating layer overlaps at least a part of the second carrier coating layer, and preferably the first carrier coating layer overlaps the second carrier coating layer on a part within the range of 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, preferably 10% to 100% of the axial length of the second carrier coating layer, more preferably 15% to 80%, and still more preferably 20% to 50%.

[0234] 62. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 35, wherein the catalyst comprises a third carrier coating layer, and the catalyst shows a partitioned arrangement of the first carrier coating layer, the second carrier coating layer and the third carrier coating layer, wherein the third carrier coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the first carrier coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the second carrier coating layer is disposed on the first carrier coating layer starting from the outlet end of the substrate, wherein the length of the first carrier coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream region including the third carrier coating layer and a downstream region including the first carrier coating layer and the second carrier coating layer, and wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third carrier coating layer.

[0235] 63. The catalyst according to embodiment 62, wherein the first carrier coating layer and the third carrier coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0236] 64. The catalyst according to embodiment 62 or 63, wherein the second carrier coating layer and the third carrier coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0237] 65. The catalyst according to embodiment 62 or 63, wherein a part of the second support coating layer overlaps at least a part of the third support coating layer, and preferably, the part of the second support coating layer overlaps with the third support coating layer within the range of 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, preferably within the range of 10% to 100%, more preferably 15% to 80%, and even more preferably 20% to 50% of the axial length of the third support coating layer.

[0238] 66. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 62 to 65, wherein the catalyst comprises a fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the second layer, and the catalyst exhibits a partitioned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the third support coating layer is disposed on the substrate at least partially starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream region including the third support coating layer and a downstream region including the first support coating layer, the second support coating layer, and the fourth support coating layer.

[0239] 67. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 35, wherein the catalyst comprises a third support coating layer, and the catalyst exhibits a partitioned arrangement of the first support coating layer, the second support coating layer, and the third support coating layer, wherein the third support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the second support coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and the first support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer starting from the outlet end of the substrate, and the length of the second support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream region including the third support coating layer and a downstream region including the first support coating layer and the second support coating layer, and wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third support coating layer.

[0240] 68. The catalyst according to embodiment 67, wherein the second support coating layer and the third support coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0241] 69. The catalyst according to embodiment 67 or 68, wherein the first support coating layer and the third support coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0242] 70. The catalyst according to embodiment 67 or 68, wherein a part of the first carrier coating layer overlaps at least a part of the third carrier coating layer, and preferably the first carrier coating layer overlaps the third carrier coating layer on a part within the range of 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, preferably 10% to 100% of the axial length of the third carrier coating layer, more preferably 15% to 80%, and even more preferably 20% to 50%.

[0243] 71. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 67 to 70, wherein the catalyst comprises a fourth carrier coating layer, wherein the fourth carrier coating layer is disposed on the first layer, and the catalyst exhibits a partitioned arrangement of the third carrier coating layer and the fourth carrier coating layer, wherein the third carrier coating layer is disposed on the substrate at least partially starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the fourth carrier coating layer is disposed on the first carrier coating layer starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and the length of the fourth carrier coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream region including the third carrier coating layer and a downstream region including the first carrier coating layer, the second carrier coating layer, and the fourth carrier coating layer.

[0244] 72. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 35, wherein the catalyst comprises a third carrier coating layer, and the catalyst exhibits a partitioned arrangement of the first carrier coating layer, the second carrier coating layer, and the third carrier coating layer, wherein the third carrier coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and the first carrier coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and the second carrier coating layer is disposed on the first carrier coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate, and the length of the first carrier coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating a downstream region including the third carrier coating layer and an upstream region including the first carrier coating layer and the second carrier coating layer, and wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third carrier coating layer.

[0245] 73. The catalyst according to embodiment 72, wherein the first carrier coating layer and the third carrier coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0246] 74. The catalyst according to embodiment 72 or 73, wherein the second carrier coating layer and the third carrier coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0247] 75. The catalyst according to embodiment 72 or 73, wherein a part of the second carrier coating layer overlaps at least a part of the third carrier coating layer, and preferably, the part of the second carrier coating layer overlaps the third carrier coating layer within the range of 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, preferably within the range of 10% to 100%, more preferably 15% to 80%, and still more preferably 20% to 50% of the axial length of the third carrier coating layer.

[0248] 76. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 72 to 75, wherein the catalyst comprises a fourth carrier coating layer, wherein the fourth carrier coating layer is disposed on the second layer, and the catalyst exhibits a partitioned arrangement of the third carrier coating layer and the fourth carrier coating layer, wherein the third carrier coating layer is disposed on the substrate at least partially starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the fourth carrier coating layer is disposed on the second carrier coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and the length of the fourth carrier coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream region including the first carrier coating layer, the second carrier coating layer, and the fourth carrier coating layer and a downstream region including the third carrier coating layer.

[0249] 77. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 35, wherein the catalyst comprises a third carrier coating layer, and the catalyst exhibits a partitioned arrangement of the first carrier coating layer, the second carrier coating layer, and the third carrier coating layer, wherein the third carrier coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the second carrier coating layer is disposed on the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and the first carrier coating layer is disposed on the second carrier coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate, and the length of the second carrier coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating a downstream region including the third carrier coating layer and an upstream region including the first carrier coating layer and the second carrier coating layer, and wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the third carrier coating layer.

[0250] 78. The catalyst according to embodiment 77, wherein the second carrier coating layer and the third carrier coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0251] 79. The catalyst according to embodiment 77 or 78, wherein the first carrier coating layer and the third carrier coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0252] 80. The catalyst according to embodiment 77 or 79, wherein a part of the first support coating layer overlaps at least a part of the third support coating layer, and preferably the first support coating layer overlaps the third support coating layer on a part within the range of 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, preferably 10% to 100% of the axial length of the third support coating layer, more preferably 15% to 80%, and even more preferably 20% to 50%.

[0253] 81. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 77 to 80, wherein the catalyst comprises a fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the first layer, and the catalyst exhibits a partitioned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the third support coating layer is disposed on the substrate at least partially starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream region including the first support coating layer, the second support coating layer, and the fourth support coating layer and a downstream region including the third support coating layer.

[0254] 82. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 62 to 65, wherein a part of the third support coating layer overlaps at least a part of the second support coating layer, and preferably the third support coating layer overlaps the second support coating layer on a part within the range of 10% to 100% of the axial length of the second support coating layer, more preferably 15% to 80% and even more preferably 20% to 50%.

[0255] 83. The catalyst according to embodiment 82, wherein the catalyst comprises a fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the second layer, and the catalyst exhibits a partitioned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the third support coating layer is disposed on the substrate at least partially starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream region including the third support coating layer and a downstream region including the fourth support coating layer.

[0256] 84. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 72 to 75, wherein a part of the third support coating layer overlaps at least a part of the second support coating layer, and preferably, the part of the third support coating layer that overlaps the second support coating layer is in the range of 10% to 100%, more preferably 15% to 80%, and even more preferably 20% to 50% of the axial length of the second support coating layer.

[0257] 85. The catalyst according to embodiment 84, wherein the catalyst comprises a fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the second layer, and wherein the catalyst exhibits a partitioned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the third support coating layer is disposed at least partially on the substrate starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the second support coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream region including the fourth support coating layer and a downstream region including the third support coating layer.

[0258] 86. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 67 to 70, wherein a part of the third support coating layer overlaps at least a part of the first support coating layer, and preferably, the part of the third support coating layer that overlaps the first support coating layer is in the range of 10% to 100%, more preferably 15% to 80%, and even more preferably 20% to 50% of the axial length of the first support coating layer.

[0259] 87. The catalyst according to embodiment 86, wherein the catalyst comprises a fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the first layer, and wherein the catalyst exhibits a partitioned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the third support coating layer is disposed at least partially on the substrate starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream region including the third support coating layer and a downstream region including the fourth support coating layer.

[0260] 88. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 77 to 80, wherein a part of the third support coating layer overlaps at least a part of the first support coating layer, and preferably the third support coating layer overlaps with the first support coating layer on a portion ranging from 10% to 100%, more preferably from 15% to 80%, and even more preferably from 20% to 50% of the axial length of the first support coating layer.

[0261] 89. The catalyst according to embodiment 88, wherein the catalyst comprises a fourth support coating layer, wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the second layer, and wherein the catalyst exhibits a partitioned arrangement of the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the third support coating layer is disposed on the substrate at least partially starting from the outlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the fourth support coating layer is disposed on the first support coating layer starting from the inlet end of the substrate along the axial length of the substrate, and wherein the length of the fourth support coating layer is less than the axial length of the substrate, thereby creating an upstream region including the fourth support coating layer and a downstream region including the third support coating layer.

[0262] 90. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 89, wherein the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer are adjacent to each other.

[0263] 91. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 36 to 90, wherein the length of the first support coating layer ranges from 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, preferably from 10% to 90% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably from 30% to 80%, even more preferably from 45% to 75%, and even more preferably from 50% to 70%.

[0264] 92. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 36 to 91, wherein the length of the second support coating layer ranges from 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, preferably from 10% to 90% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably from 30% to 80%, even more preferably from 45% to 75%, and even more preferably from 50% to 70%.

[0265] 93. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 92, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are completely contained in the third support coating layer or in the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer.

[0266] 94. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 93, wherein the length of the third support coating layer ranges from 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, preferably from 10% to 90% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably from 20% to 60%, and even more preferably from 35% to 45% of the axial length of the substrate.

[0267] 95. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 94, wherein the catalyst comprises the fourth support coating layer, wherein the length of the fourth support coating layer ranges from 5% to 100% of the axial length of the substrate, preferably from 10% to 90% of the axial length of the substrate, more preferably from 20% to 60%, and even more preferably from 35% to 45% of the axial length of the substrate.

[0268] 96. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 95, wherein the fourth support coating layer contains a hydrocarbon trapping material, wherein the hydrocarbon trapping material comprises a molecular sieve, preferably zeolite, more preferably zeolite having a maximum pore size of 12-membered rings, more preferably zeolite β, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, preferably contains SiO2 and Al2O3, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, more preferably has a molar ratio of SiO2 to Al2O3 in the range of 10:1 to 500:1, more preferably 10:1 to 100:1, more preferably 10:1 to 40:1, more preferably 15:1 to 30:1, more preferably 20:1 to 25:1, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, preferably contains Fe, wherein the molecular sieve, preferably the zeolite, more preferably contains Fe, based on the weight of the molecular sieve, calculated as Fe2O3, the amount of Fe is in the range of 1.0 wt% to 7.0 wt%, more preferably 3.0 wt% to 5.0 wt%, more preferably 4.0 wt% to 4.5 wt%.

[0269] 97. The catalyst according to embodiment 96, wherein the loading amount of the hydrocarbon trapping material in the fourth support coating layer is in the range of 0.01 g / in 3 to 2.0 g / in 3 preferably in the range of 0.05 g / in 3 to 1.0 g / in 3 more preferably in the range of 0.05 g / in 3 to 0.3 g / in 3 of the range.

[0270] 98. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 97, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially contained in the fourth support coating layer.

[0271] 99. The catalyst according to embodiment 98, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are supported on a particulate support material, wherein the particulate support material is preferably selected from the group consisting of: Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, SiO2-doped Al2O3, Mn oxide-doped Al2O3, and mixtures of two or more of them, wherein preferably the one or more platinum group metals are supported on Al2O3 and / or SiO2-doped Al2O3 and / or Mn oxide-doped Al2O3, more preferably on SiO2-doped Al2O3 or Al2O3 or Mn oxide-doped Al2O3, wherein based on 100% by weight of the Mn oxide-doped Al2O3, calculated as MnO2, the Mn oxide-doped Al2O3 preferably contains 1% to 10% by weight, more preferably 4% to 6% by weight of Mn oxide.

[0272] 100. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 99, wherein the catalyst comprises a third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are all contained in the third support coating layer and the fourth support coating layer, wherein the weight ratio of the one or more platinum group metals contained in the third support coating layer to the one or more platinum group metals contained in the fourth support coating layer is in the range of 0.5:1 to 5.0:1, more preferably 1.0:1 to 2.0:1, more preferably in the range of 1.4:1 to 1.6:1, wherein the one or more platinum group metals contained in the third support coating layer preferably include Pt and Pd, more preferably consist of Pt and Pd, and wherein the one or more platinum group metals contained in the fourth support coating layer preferably include Pt and Pd, more preferably consist of Pt and Pd.

[0273] 101. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 100, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are all contained in the third support coating layer and / or the optional fourth support coating layer.

[0274] 102. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 101, wherein the substrate is a metal substrate or a ceramic substrate, wherein preferably the substrate is a ceramic substrate, wherein more preferably the substrate comprises cordierite and / or SiC, preferably cordierite, and wherein more preferably the substrate consists of cordierite and / or SiC, preferably consists of cordierite.

[0275] 103. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 45 to 102, wherein the substrate consists of two separate monoliths, with the first monolith being disposed upstream of the second monolith, and wherein one or more carrier coating layers of the upstream zone are included on the first monolith, and one or more carrier coating layers of the downstream zone are included on the second monolith, and wherein preferably the first monolith including one or more carrier coating layers of the upstream zone and the second monolith including one or more carrier coating layers of the downstream zone are obtained or obtainable by dividing the catalyst according to any one of embodiments 40 to 69 into two separate monoliths, and wherein one or more carrier coating layers of the upstream zone are included on the first monolith, and one or more carrier coating layers of the downstream zone are included on the second monolith.

[0276] 104. The catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 103, wherein the waste gas stream contains hydrocarbons, preferably C1 to C20 hydrocarbons, more preferably C2 to C10 hydrocarbons.

[0277] 105. An exhaust gas treatment system comprising an internal combustion engine and an exhaust gas duct for exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, wherein the exhaust gas duct includes one or more catalysts according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, preferably one, two, three or four catalysts according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104.

[0278] 106. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 105, wherein the internal combustion engine is a compression ignition engine, preferably a diesel engine.

[0279] 107. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 105 or 106, wherein the internal combustion engine is a lean burn gasoline engine.

[0280] 108. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 75, wherein the internal combustion engine is powered by an oxygenated fuel, and wherein the oxygenated fuel preferably includes one or more of methanol and biofuel.

[0281] 109. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 75 to 108, wherein the system includes one or more of an electric heater, a fuel burner, a fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst, a catalytic soot filter (CSF), a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF), and a diesel exothermic catalyst (DEC).

[0282] 110. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 109, the exhaust gas treatment system comprising, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a diesel exothermic catalyst (DEC), a catalytic soot filter (CSF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst.

[0283] 111. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 109, the exhaust gas treatment system comprising, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a diesel exothermic catalyst (DEC), a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst.

[0284] 112. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 109, the exhaust gas treatment system comprising, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a diesel exothermic catalyst (DEC), a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0285] 113. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 109, the exhaust gas treatment system comprising, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst.

[0286] 114. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 109, the exhaust gas treatment system comprising, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7104, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104 (wherein the substrate is a wall-flow substrate), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0287] 115. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 109, the exhaust gas treatment system comprising, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a catalytic soot filter (CSF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst.

[0288] 116. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 109, the exhaust gas treatment system comprising, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a catalytic soot filter (CSF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0289] 117. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 109, the exhaust gas treatment system comprising, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104 (wherein the substrate is a wall-flow substrate), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0290] 118. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 109, wherein the exhaust gas treatment system comprises, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF), and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0291] 119. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 109, wherein the exhaust gas treatment system comprises, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF), and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0292] 120. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 109, wherein the exhaust gas treatment system comprises, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a catalytic soot filter (CSF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0293] 121. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 109, wherein the exhaust gas treatment system comprises, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an optional fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104 (wherein the substrate is a wall-flow substrate), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0294] 122. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 109, wherein the exhaust gas treatment system comprises, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0295] 123. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 109, the exhaust gas treatment system comprising, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0296] 124. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 109, the exhaust gas treatment system comprising, in a continuous sequence in the direction of the exhaust gas: optionally an electric heater or a fuel burner and / or a fuel injector, a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, and an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.

[0297] 125. A method for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, the method comprising

[0298] (A) providing an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons;

[0299] (B) guiding the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) through a catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104.

[0300] 126. The method according to embodiment 125, wherein the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) contains one or more sulfur-containing compounds, preferably SO2 and / or SO3.

[0301] 127. The method according to embodiment 125 or 126, wherein the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) contains NO x .

[0302] 128. The method according to any one of embodiments 125 to 127, wherein the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) contains CO.

[0303] 129. The method according to any one of embodiments 125 to 128, wherein the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) contains hydrocarbons, preferably C1 to C20 hydrocarbons, more preferably C2 to C10 hydrocarbons.

[0304] The use of the catalyst according to any one of embodiments 1 to 104 for oxidizing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, preferably for oxidizing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons in an exhaust gas stream, more preferably for oxidizing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine, more preferably for oxidizing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas stream of a compression ignition engine, and even more preferably for oxidizing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas stream of a diesel engine.

[0305] The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples and comparative examples.

[0306] Experimental Section

[0307] Comparative Example 1A: Preparation of a catalyst for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons Comparative Example 1B: Preparation of a catalyst for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons

[0308] The catalyst is prepared by separately coating a front section containing a platinum group metal (PGM) and a rear section containing a base metal oxide (BMO) on a 1" diameter cordierite honeycomb substrate, and then successively combining the coated cores for subsequent S aging and testing. Using techniques well known in the art, the front section is prepared by first combining Pt, Pd, β-zeolite with a commercial alumina support powder containing 5% silica and having a BET surface area of approximately 150 m 2 / g and a pore volume of about 0.6 cm 3 / g in an aqueous slurry composition. After coating the slurry onto the cordierite substrate, it is then dried and calcined at 590 °C, and subsequently a 1" diameter × 1.2" long core is cut from the monolith to be used as the front section. The weight ratio of Pt to Pd is 2:1, and the total Pt and Pd loading is 75 g / ft 3 monolith volume. The BMO-containing rear section is prepared by first combining a commercially available zirconia support powder containing 9 wt% La2O3 and having a BET surface area of approximately 75 m 2 / g and a pore volume of about 0.5 cm 3 / g with a solution of manganese nitrate, copper nitrate, and cerium nitrate in Di water. After grinding the resulting mixture to a coating-suitable particle size, boehmite alumina binder is added. Then the resulting slurry is coated onto a 1" diameter × 1.8" long cordierite substrate, dried and then calcined at 590 °C for 1 hour. The total support coating loading is 1.8 g / in3 monolith volume, which contains 8.7 wt% Mn, 8.7 wt% Cu, 8.7 wt% Ce, 3 wt% Al2O3 binder, and the balance of La2O3-stabilized ZrO2.

[0309] Comparative Example 2: Preparation of a catalyst for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons Comparative Example 3: Preparation of a catalyst for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons

[0310] The catalyst was prepared by separately coating the PGM-containing front section and the BMO-containing rear section on a 1" diameter cordierite honeycomb substrate, and then successively combining the coated cores for subsequent S aging and testing. The method and catalyst composition were the same as those described in Comparative Example 1A, except that Cu was not applied in the rear section.

[0311] Example 4: Preparation of a catalyst for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons Example 5: Preparation of a catalyst for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons

[0312] The catalyst was prepared as described in Comparative Example 1A, except that the rear section did not have a BMO support coating layer, but instead had a support coating layer containing an oxygen storage component (OSC) compound having a composition of 22 wt% CeO2, 68 wt% ZrO2, 5 wt% La2O3, 3 wt% Y2O3, and 2 wt% Nd2O3 (OSC-1 compound) as a support for 10 wt% Mn. The support coating loading in the rear section was 3.4 g / in 3 monolith volume.

[0313] Example 6: Preparation of a catalyst for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons Example 7: Sulfur Aging and Catalytic Testing

[0314] The catalyst according to Comparative Example 1A was further treated by adding a topcoat on the rear section containing a base metal oxide (BMO). The topcoat had the same commercial zirconia support powder containing 9 wt% La2O3 and boehmite alumina binder to form the catalyst of Comparative Example 3. The topcoat support coating loading was about 1.1 g / in 3 monolith volume.

[0315] Example 8: Engine Aging and Catalytic Testing Figure 1

[0316] The catalyst according to Comparative Example 1B was further treated by adding a topcoat on the rear section containing a base metal oxide (BMO). The topcoat was a support coating composed of the OSC-1 compound of Comparative Example 2 as a support for 10 wt% Mn. Boehmite alumina binder was added to form the sample support coating slurry of Example 4 of the present invention. The topcoat support coating loading was about 1.1 g / in 3 monolith volume.

[0317] Figure 2 Figure 1

[0318] The catalyst according to Comparative Example 1B was further treated by adding a topcoat on the rear zone containing base metal oxide (BMO). The topcoat is an oxygen storage component compound, which contains a composition of 70 wt% CeO2 and 30 wt% ZrO2 (OSC-2 compound) as a carrier for 10 wt% Mn and 10 wt% Ce. The topcoat carrier coating loading is 1.1 g / in 3 the monolith volume, the same as in Example 4.

[0319] Figure 2 Figure 3

[0320] The catalyst according to Comparative Example 1B was further treated by adding a topcoat on the rear zone containing base metal oxide (BMO). The topcoat is a composition containing 8 wt% CeO2 and 92 wt% ZrO2 as a carrier for 10 wt% Mn. The topcoat carrier coating loading is 1.1 g / in 3 the monolith volume, the same as that described in Example 4.

[0321] Figure 4

[0322] The sulfur aging (S-aging) of the catalysts of Comparative Examples 1A, 1B and 3 and Examples 4, 5 and 6 was carried out on a laboratory reactor at 300 °C in a feed containing 15 ppm SO2, 150 ppm NO, 10% O2 and 5% H2O. The flow rate through the catalyst measured by the space velocity was 35,000 / h. The exposure time was 88 minutes, corresponding to a target sulfur exposure of 1 g(S) / L monolith volume. Desulfurization was carried out at 750 °C for 30 minutes under isothermal conditions in a feed containing 10% O2 and 5% H2O. The flow rate through the catalyst measured by the space velocity was 32,000 / h. After sulfation and desulfurization, the formaldehyde (HCHO) light-off performance of the test sample was tested using a feed containing 180 ppm NO, 1000 ppm CO, 25 ppm HCHO, 100 ppm C1 from C2H4, 190 ppm C1 from C 10 H 22 of C1, 10% O2, 10% H2O and 10% CO2. The flow rate through the catalyst measured by the space velocity was 50,000 / h. The sample was placed in the reactor and first equilibrated in flowing air at 80 °C. Then the formaldehyde-containing feed was introduced, and the temperature was raised from 80 °C to 300 °C at a ramp rate of 15 °C / min. The formaldehyde concentration was monitored by FTIR during the light-off ramp, and then the relationship between the conversion performance and temperature was calculated from these measurements.

[0323] Figure 5

[0324] Additional sulfur aging (S-aging) of the catalysts of Comparative Examples 1B and 2 and Example 4 was accomplished by exposing the catalysts to the exhaust gas of a diesel engine operating on fuel containing 325 ppm S by weight. A 1"×3" catalyst core sample was loaded into a ceramic monolith holder and placed in the engine exhaust stream downstream of a burner DOC that was used to raise the exhaust gas temperature for periodic desulfation events. During sulfation, the exhaust gas temperature at the inlet of the catalyst core sample was maintained at 315 °C, and the flow rate through the catalyst measured at space velocity was 61,000 / h. The exposure time under these conditions was 180 minutes, corresponding to a target S exposure of 2 g(S) / L monolith volume. Desulfation was accomplished by injecting diesel fuel in front of the burner DOC upstream of the catalyst to raise the temperature in front of the catalyst core sample to 650 °C or 700 °C for 30 minutes. Overall, 5 complete sulfation and desulfation cycles were completed with a total S exposure of 10 g(S) / L monolith volume. After sulfation and desulfation, the HCHO light-off performance of the samples was tested as previously described in Example 7.

[0325] To further improve the low-temperature HCHO performance after sulfation / desulfation at 700 °C without compromising the HCHO conversion, a two-layer catalyst containing an OSC compound as described in Example 4 was prepared. The results of the catalysts of Comparative Example 1B and Example 4 are shown in Figure 6 . The only difference between the catalysts of Comparative Example 1B and Example 4 is that the catalyst of Example 4 has a topcoat composed of an OSC-1 compound loaded with Mn. For both fresh and sulfated / desulfated samples, the formaldehyde conversion performance of Example 4 with a topcoat containing OSC-1 is higher than that of the reference Comparative Example 1B. At 100 °C, the HCHO conversion is higher than 40%, even higher than that of the two-layer catalyst of Comparative Example 3, which has an HCHO conversion of about 25% at 100 °C.

[0326] In view of the results observed for the catalysts containing the OSC-1 compound, a second OSC-2 with a higher CeO2 content of 70 wt% was tested. The results of the catalysts of Comparative Example 1B and Example 5 are shown in Figure 7 . The only difference between the catalysts of Comparative Example 1B and Example 5 is that the catalyst of Example 5 has a topcoat composed of an OSC-2 compound loaded with Mn. For both fresh and sulfated / desulfated samples, the formaldehyde conversion performance of Example 5 with a topcoat containing OSC-2 is higher than that of the reference Comparative Example 1B. As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 1As shown, the results indicate that the catalysts containing OSC-1 and OSC-2 respectively provide comparable HCHO performance before and after sulfation / desulfation, indicating that Mn on the OSC material can be used as a good S protection layer, and the Ce loading has no significant impact on HCHO performance.

[0327] Figure 2 and Figure 8 Similar performance of the catalysts containing OSC-1 and OSC-2 in HC conversion (here, total HC including HCHO) is shown in. Compared with Comparative Example 1B, the samples containing OSC-1 and OSC-2 both show better performance at high temperatures (after light-off) after sulfation / desulfation at 700 °C.

[0328] In Figure 8 and Figure 9 Similar observations can also be made for the NO2 / NOx performance of the catalysts of Examples 4 and 5 containing OSC-1 and OSC-2 respectively.

[0329] To further demonstrate the performance of the applied OSC compound, the CeO2-Al2O3 compound was tested. As described in Example 6, this sample has Mn on the CeO2-Al2O3 support as a top coating. The only difference between the catalysts of Comparative Example 1B and Example 6 is that the catalyst of Example 6 has a top coating composed of a CeO2-Al2O3 compound loaded with Mn. The HCHO performance results of the catalysts of Example 6 and Comparative Example 1B are shown in Figure 1 For Example 6 with Mn on the CeO2-Al2O3 top coating, the formaldehyde conversion performance is higher than that of Comparative Example 1B.

[0330] However, as can be seen from the comparison of the results shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 and Figure 10 the catalysts of Examples 4 and 5 with an OSC-containing top coating have a higher formaldehyde conversion rate at low temperatures (T < 160 °C) than the catalyst of Example 6.

[0331] To further illustrate the advantages of using OSC compounds in the support coating, especially compared with the materials used in Comparative Example 1B, Comparative Example 2 (a monolayer catalyst containing OSC-1) opposite to Comparative Example 1B was prepared.

[0332] As shown in Example 8, the catalysts of Comparative Example 1B and Comparative Example 2 were subjected to more severe aging. The catalyst of Comparative Example 1B had a rear zone containing 10% Mn and 10% Ce supported on 9 wt% La2O3-stabilized ZrO2. The catalyst of Comparative Example 2 had a rear zone containing 10% Mn supported on an OSC compound having a composition of 22 wt% CeO2, 68 wt% ZrO2, 5 wt% La2O3, 3 wt% Y2O3, and 2 wt% Nd2O3 (OSC-1). The results of the HCHO conversion for this catalyst compared to Comparative Example 1B are shown in Figure 10 In.

[0333] As Figure 1 can be seen, the HCHO conversion of the catalyst of Comparative Example 2 was higher than that of the catalyst of Comparative Example 1B, although both catalysts contained Ce, Mn, and Zr compounds.

[0334] The catalyst of Example 4 was also subjected to the same severe engine aging procedure as described in Example 8. The only difference between the catalysts of Comparative Example 1B and Example 4 was that the catalyst of Example 4 had a topcoat composed of an OSC compound loaded with Mn. Figure 2 The results shown in Figure 3 again showed that for low-temperature HCHO conversion, the catalyst of Example 4 was superior to the catalyst of Comparative Example 1B, although the desulfation temperature was lower (650 °C, compared to Figure 3 700 °C in Figure 3 ) and the S exposure was higher (10 g / L, compared to 1 g / L).

[0335] Since Figure 4 and Figure 5 both showed the HCHO conversion performance after applying five sulfation and 650 °C desulfation treatments to the catalysts of Comparative Example 2 and Example 4, respectively, compared to Comparative Example 1B, the figures allowed comparison of the results of the catalyst of Comparative Example 2 with the catalyst of Example 4. It can be seen that the catalyst according to Example 4, and thus according to the present invention, performed better at lower temperatures, particularly in the temperature range of 110 °C to 160 °C, than the catalyst according to Comparative Example 2 (which included OSC).

[0336] To determine whether a higher desulfation temperature was beneficial, the catalyst of Example 4 was further subjected to the same engine aging procedure as in Example 8, except that the desulfation temperature was increased to 700 °C. The only difference between the catalysts of Comparative Example 1B and Example 4 was that the catalyst of Example 4 had a topcoat composed of an OSC-1 compound loaded with Mn.

[0337] The results of the HCHO conversion are shown in Figure 6 In. From Figure 7It can be seen that despite a total S exposure of 20 g / L, when using a higher desulfation temperature, the catalyst of Example 4 shows an improvement in low-temperature HCHO performance.

[0338] The above results demonstrate the benefits of using an OSC compound as a promoter for HCHO performance improvement after sulfation / desulfation at 650 °C or 700 °C, whether it is included in the topcoat or the single-layer formulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0339] Figure 8 : Shows the formaldehyde (HCHO) conversion performance after applying a single sulfation and 700 °C desulfation treatment (corresponding to a total S exposure of approximately 1 g / L catalyst volume) to the catalysts of Comparative Example 1B and Example 4, respectively.

[0340] Figure 9 : Shows the HCHO conversion performance after applying a single sulfation and 700 °C desulfation treatment (corresponding to a total S exposure of approximately 1 g / L catalyst volume) to the catalysts of Comparative Example 1B and Example 5, respectively.

[0341] Figure 10 : Shows the hydrocarbon (HC) conversion performance before and after applying a single sulfation and 700 °C desulfation treatment (corresponding to a total S exposure of approximately 1 g / L catalyst volume) to the catalysts of Comparative Example 1B and Example 4, respectively.

[0342] Cited References : Shows the HC conversion performance before and after applying a single sulfation and 700 °C desulfation treatment (corresponding to a total S exposure of approximately 1 g / L catalyst volume) to the catalysts of Comparative Example 1B and Example 5, respectively.

[0343] ​ : Shows the NO2 / NOx performance before and after applying a single sulfation and 700 °C desulfation treatment (corresponding to a total S exposure of approximately 1 g / L catalyst volume) to the catalysts of Comparative Example 1B and Example 4, respectively.

[0344] ​ : Shows the NO2 / NOx performance before and after applying a single sulfation and 700 °C desulfation treatment (corresponding to a total S exposure of approximately 1 g / L catalyst volume) to the catalysts of Comparative Example 1B and Example 5, respectively.

[0345] ​ : Shows the HCHO conversion performance after applying a single sulfation and 700 °C desulfation treatment (corresponding to a total S exposure of approximately 1 g / L catalyst volume) to the catalysts of Comparative Example 1B and Example 6, respectively.

[0346] ​ : The HCHO conversion performance after subjecting the catalysts of Comparative Example 1B and Comparative Example 2 to five sulfation and 650 °C desulfation treatments (corresponding to a total S exposure of approximately 10 g / L catalyst volume) is shown.

[0347] ​ : The HCHO conversion performance after subjecting the catalysts of Comparative Example 1B and Example 4 to five sulfation and 650 °C desulfation treatments (corresponding to a total S exposure of approximately 10 g / L catalyst volume) is shown.

[0348] ​ : The HCHO conversion performance of the catalyst of Example 4 after subjecting it to five sulfation and 650 °C desulfation treatments (corresponding to an S exposure of approximately 10 g / L catalyst volume) and further aging with five additional sulfation and 700 °C desulfation treatments (corresponding to a total S exposure of approximately 20 g / L catalyst volume) is shown.

[0349] ​

[0350] -WO 2022 / 047132 A1

[0351] -US 10,598,061 B2

[0352] -US 10,392,980 B2

[0353] -EP 3718627 A1

[0354] -X.Liu et al., Journal of Rare Earths 2009, Vol. 27, No. 3, p. 418

[0355] -X.Wu et al., Journal of Rare Earths 2012, Vol. 30, No. 7, p. 659.

Claims

1. A catalyst for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, the catalyst comprising a first support coating layer comprising Mn and optionally Ce, wherein Mn and optionally Ce are respectively supported on a metal oxide, a second support coating layer comprising Mn supported on an oxygen storage component, wherein the oxygen storage component comprises cerium dioxide, and a substrate, wherein the substrate has an inlet end and an outlet end, the exhaust gas stream can enter the catalyst through the inlet end, and the exhaust gas stream can leave the catalyst through the outlet end, wherein the catalyst further comprises one or more platinum group metals, the one or more platinum group metals comprising Pt, Pd, or Pt and Pd, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially comprised in one or more of the following: (a) the first support coating layer, (b) the second support coating layer, and (c) an optional third support coating layer, or (d) an optional third support coating layer and a fourth support coating layer.

2. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein based on 100% by weight of the first support coating layer, calculated on an elemental basis, the loading amount of Mn in the first support coating layer is in the range of 1% to 50% by weight.

3. The catalyst according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first support coating layer comprises Ce, and based on 100% by weight of the first support coating layer, calculated on an elemental basis, the loading amount of Ce in the first support coating layer is in the range of 1% to 50% by weight.

4. The catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein based on 100% by weight of the second support coating layer, calculated on an elemental basis, the loading amount of Mn in the second support coating layer is in the range of 0.1% to 50% by weight.

5. The catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first support coating layer comprises Cu.

6. The catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein based on 100% by weight of the second support coating layer, the loading amount of the oxygen storage component in the second support coating layer is in the range of 5% to 100% by weight.

7. The catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the oxygen storage component comprises cerium dioxide and one or more additional metal oxides selected from the group consisting of: ZrO2, La2O3, Y2O3, Nd2O3, Pr2O3, and Pr6O 11 , including mixtures of two or more of them.

8. The catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, calculated in terms of elements, the catalyst comprises Pt with a loading in the range of 2 g / ft 3 to 250 g / ft 3 range.

9. The catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, calculated on an elemental basis, the catalyst comprises Pd in a loading range of 1 g / ft 3 to 80 g / ft 3 range.

10. The catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the one or more platinum group metals are supported on a particulate support material.

11. The catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the catalyst comprises a third support coating layer, and wherein the one or more platinum group metals are at least partially comprised in the third support coating layer.

12. The catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the third support coating layer comprises a hydrocarbon trapping material, and wherein the hydrocarbon trapping material comprises a molecular sieve.

13. An exhaust gas treatment system comprising an internal combustion engine and an exhaust gas duct for exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, wherein the exhaust gas duct comprises the catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 13, wherein the system comprises one or more of an electric heater, a fuel burner, a fuel injector, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst, a catalytic soot filter (CSF), a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction catalyst on a filter (SCRoF), and a diesel exothermic catalyst (DEC).

15. A method for treating an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons, the method comprising (A) providing an exhaust gas stream containing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons; (B) guiding the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) through the catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

16. Use of the catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 12 for oxidizing one or more of formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides (NO), and hydrocarbons.

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