Biomass incineration smoke treatment device

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass incineration smoke dust treatment device which comprises a smoke dust air inlet pipe, a fan, a dust removal device, a smoke gas purification device and a tail gas air outlet pipe which are connected through a pipeline. The smoke dust air inlet pipe is connected with a smoke outlet of the biomass incineration device, the fan sequentially feeds smoke dust into the dust removal device and the smoke gas purification device, and treated gas is discharged from the tail gas air outlet pipe; the dust removal device and the flue gas purification device are mutually nested to form an integrated structure, the flue gas purification device comprises a smoke dust filtering device and a flue gas spraying device, and smoke dust entering the flue gas purification device sequentially passes through the smoke dust filtering device and the flue gas spraying device and then is discharged through a tail gas outlet pipe. The device has the beneficial effects that the technical effects of integration and miniaturization are achieved by conducting structural optimization on the dust removal device and the flue gas purification device, the flue gas purification effect is improved in the mode that ammonia water filtering and ammonia water spraying are combined, meanwhile, solid dust and flue gas purification waste are returned to the field, and nitrogen fertilizer is further supplemented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a soot treatment device, and particularly to a soot treatment device in biomass incineration, belonging to the technical field of soot treatment. Background Art

[0002] Biomass refers to organic renewable resources mainly including crop straws, forestry wastes (such as wood chips, tree barks, etc.) and organic wastes (such as tobacco stalks, corn cobs). As a renewable energy source, biomass has become the fourth largest energy source after petroleum, natural gas and coal. Biomass resources in China are very rich. For example, rural straws in China are large in quantity, diverse in types and wide in distribution.

[0003] However, a large amount of biomass is scattered in fields and forests, and it is difficult to collect it centrally, and it is even more difficult to centrally process a large amount of biomass. As a fuel, the supply chain of biomass is unstable, and the raw material collection and transportation costs account for more than 30% of the total production cost. The most environmentally friendly way in biomass treatment methods is to return it to the field. Returning biomass to the field can maintain the fertility of fields and forests, reduce the amount of fertilization in the planting process, and reduce the planting cost.

[0004] Returning biomass to the field requires decomposing it into a form that crops can absorb. The main decomposition methods are biological composting decomposition and incineration. Since biological composting decomposition first requires centralized collection and stacking of biomass, there are also problems of long time cycle and high cost. The in-situ incineration method is the most efficient and lowest-cost method, but it is restricted by national policies and cannot be burned in the open air at will. Therefore, the soot treatment problem during biomass incineration is a technical bottleneck that hinders the popularization of the in-situ incineration solution.

[0005] The harmful substances generated during biomass incineration mainly include dust and acidic gases. The dust is mainly composed of dust and unburned biomass, and the acidic gases are mainly composed of acidic gases such as nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide.

[0006] Currently, the technologies used for flue gas treatment in industry are very mature, but generally there are problems of complex structure and high cost. For equipment in agricultural production, more consideration needs to be given to the use cost problem and the integration problem.

[0007] Chinese Patent CN216825617U discloses a boiler desulfurization and dust collector based on boiler wastewater. The boiler desulfurization and dust collector based on boiler wastewater includes a box body. A protective frame is welded and fixed on the top of the box body. An air dust removal box is welded and fixed above the protective frame. An air inlet pipe is arranged on the left side of the air dust removal box, and a conveying pipe is arranged on the right side of the air dust removal box. An absorption mechanism is arranged inside the box body. The absorption mechanism includes a spray pipe which is installed on the inner wall of the top of the box body. A water inlet pipe is arranged on the right side of the spray pipe, and an ammonia water pipe is arranged on the left side of the spray pipe. For this boiler desulfurization and dust collector based on boiler wastewater, the dust particles in the flue gas can be effectively removed through the air dust removal box, avoiding the influence of dust on the reaction effect between the flue gas and ammonia water. At the same time, atomized ammonia water can be sprayed through the atomizing nozzles, enabling the ammonia water to come into contact with the flue gas over a large area, improving the reaction efficiency between the flue gas and ammonia water, and further enhancing the desulfurization effect.

[0008] The process of biomass incineration is different from the boiler combustion process. A large amount of solid dust is generated during biomass incineration, which is more than acidic gases, and the volume of solid dust is relatively large. The fuel for the above-mentioned boiler combustion is mainly solid coal, and the main products are acidic gases with relatively less solid dust. Therefore, installing the air dust removal box at the top does not need to consider the problem of collecting solid dust. In addition, simple spraying has a greater impact on the purification effect of high-temperature flue gas, and a large amount of ammonia gas will be discharged to form a pungent gas.

[0009] Usually, the dust treatment device needs to be fixedly installed on the biomass incineration equipment. Therefore, the dust treatment device needs to be further integrated and miniaturized on the premise of meeting the requirements of dust removal and flue gas purification, and the problem of power supply for the dust treatment device also needs to be considered. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Object of the Invention: The object of the present invention is to provide a biomass incineration dust treatment device for the problems existing in the prior art. Through the structural optimization of the dust removal device and the flue gas purification device, the technical effects of integration and miniaturization are achieved. The combined method of ammonia water filtration and ammonia water spraying is adopted to improve the purification effect of the flue gas. At the same time, the solid dust and flue gas purification waste are returned to the field, and nitrogen fertilizer is further supplemented on the premise of maintaining the fertility of the field and mountain land.

[0011] Technical Solution: A biomass incineration dust treatment device includes a dust inlet air pipe, a fan, a dust removal device, a flue gas purification device, and a tail gas outlet pipe connected through pipes. The dust inlet air pipe is connected to the smoke exhaust port of the biomass incineration device. The fan sequentially sends the dust into the dust removal device and the flue gas purification device, and the treated gas is discharged from the tail gas outlet pipe. The dust removal device and the flue gas purification device are nested with each other to form an integrated structure. The flue gas purification device includes a dust filtration device and a flue gas spraying device. The dust entering the flue gas purification device passes through the dust filtration device and the flue gas spraying device in sequence and is then discharged from the tail gas outlet pipe.

[0012] The present invention solves the problem of treating the soot generated during the biomass incineration process. The main components in the soot are dust and flue gas. The dust needs to be filtered step by step according to the size of its particles, and the flue gas is mainly acidic gas and needs to be removed through an acid-base neutralization reaction. Since the operating conditions for the treatment of biomass incineration soot require portability and convenient installation, it is necessary to optimize the structure of the dust removal device and the flue gas purification device to achieve the technical effects of integration and miniaturization.

[0013] The present invention adopts an integrated structure in which the dust removal device and the flue gas purification device are nested with each other to achieve integration and miniaturization. The dust removal device is embedded inside the flue gas purification device, or the flue gas purification device is embedded inside the dust removal device, or other combined integration methods are used. The flue gas purification device includes a soot filtration device and a flue gas spraying device. The soot filtration device is used to filter dust particles with a smaller diameter, and the flue gas spraying device is used to spray an alkaline solution to neutralize and purify the acidic gas in the flue gas. Finally, solid dust and flue gas are purified, and the waste is returned to the field to maintain the fertility of the field and the mountain.

[0014] Preferably, in order to improve the purification effect, the soot filtration device is a structure immersed in an alkaline solution. The flue gas purification device is a container structure, and an alkaline solution is provided inside it. The dust removal device and the flue gas purification device are connected through an internal pipeline, and the outlet of the internal pipeline is located below the liquid level of the alkaline solution.

[0015] In the present invention, the dust removal device first filters large particles of dust and retains them inside the dust removal device, and the acidic gas enters the flue gas purification device for desulfurization and denitrification treatment. The present invention adopts an immersed flue gas purification method, which can improve the reaction efficiency between the acidic gas and the alkaline solution, further filter fine dust particles, and reduce the temperature of the flue gas, preparing for the subsequent spraying of the alkaline solution.

[0016] Preferably, in order to further improve integration and achieve miniaturization, the soot filtration device is a packed bed filtration structure. A packed bed is provided inside the flue gas purification device. The packed bed is filled with packing materials that can form a water film. The flue gas spraying device is located above the packed bed and sprays an alkaline solution onto the packed bed. The soot entering the flue gas purification device passes through the packed bed from below the packed bed and then enters the spraying chamber of the flue gas spraying device.

[0017] The present invention adopts a water film filtration and purification method, which can filter fine dust particles through the water film and retain them on the surface of the packing materials. At the same time, the flue gas can be desulfurized and denitrified through the water film and spray washing, and space can be saved.

[0018] Preferred option: To further improve the effect of flue gas purification, the alkaline solution is an ammonia water solution. An ammonia water spraying device is provided in the flue gas purification device. The ammonia water spraying device includes a nozzle and a circulating water pump. The circulating water pump is connected to the nozzle through a pipeline. The nozzle is installed in the flue gas purification device and sprays downward. The water inlet of the circulating water pump is located below the liquid level of the ammonia water solution in the flue gas purification device.

[0019] The present invention uses ammonia water spraying to supplement nitrogen fertilizer during field return, which helps the decomposition and field return of biomass. The method of first immersing and then spraying for two-stage flue gas purification can further improve the effect of flue gas purification, and the use of ammonia water circulation for immersion and spraying can improve the utilization rate of ammonia water.

[0020] Preferred option: To further improve the effect of flue gas purification, the nozzles are distributed in groups in series by spraying pipelines in the flue gas purification device, and the nozzles are distributed at least in one layer from top to bottom. The present invention uses the multi-layer spraying method to further enhance the effect of flue gas purification.

[0021] Preferred option: To achieve the effect of fertilizer field return, a sewage outlet is provided at the bottom of the flue gas purification device, and the sewage outlet opens downward.

[0022] The waste after flue gas purification is mainly silt accumulated by fine dust particles, but it contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements beneficial to fields and mountains. The sewage outlet opening downward is more conducive to the collection and discharge of waste for field return.

[0023] Preferred option: To further improve integration and achieve miniaturization, the dust removal device is embedded inside the flue gas purification device. The dust removal device and the flue gas purification device are two independent closed cavities respectively, and the dust removal device is communicated with the flue gas purification device through an internal pipeline.

[0024] The present invention uses the structure that the dust removal device is embedded inside the flue gas purification device, which is smaller in volume and higher in integration degree in terms of spatial structure. Existing industrial soot treatment devices are equipped with large boilers and other equipment, so the amount of soot to be treated is large, and higher treatment effects are required, and lower requirements are placed on their portability, integration, and use costs; while the whole set of devices of the present invention needs to be connected to a biomass incineration device. Usually, the incineration device is a movable vehicle or a simple incinerator erected in the wild. Therefore, the integration and volume of the whole set of devices directly affect the popularization of the whole set of devices.

[0025] The two independent closed cavities are more conducive to the separation of dust particles and flue gas. The connection through the internal pipeline can effectively control the flow direction and flow rate of the flue gas, effectively guide the flow direction of the soot for the preparation of subsequent soot treatment, and at the same time provide data support for the later optimization of the whole soot treatment device.

[0026] Preferred option. To further improve integration and achieve miniaturization, the flue gas purification device is embedded inside the dust removal device. The dust removal device and the flue gas purification device are respectively two independent closed cavities, and the dust removal device and the flue gas purification device are connected through an internal pipeline.

[0027] Preferred option. To further improve integration and achieve miniaturization, the flue gas purification device and the dust removal device are connected in a stacked manner from top to bottom. The dust removal device and the flue gas purification device are respectively two independent closed cavities, and the dust removal device and the flue gas purification device are connected through an internal pipeline.

[0028] Preferred option. To achieve self-cleaning of the dust removal device and ensure the dust removal effect and the passing rate of the flue gas, a dust discharge port is provided at the bottom of the dust removal device, and a backwashing pipeline is connected to the top of the dust removal device. The backwashing pipeline is connected to the air outlet of the fan through a reversing valve; a stop valve is provided between the dust removal device and the flue gas purification device. One end of the backwashing pipeline is communicated with the air outlet end of the dust removal device, and the other end is communicated with the air outlet of the fan; the reversing valve switches the flow direction of the air blown by the fan; in the dust removal state, the stop valve is opened, and the fan sends the dust in the incineration into the air inlet of the dust removal device, and the dust enters the flue gas purification device through the stop valve; in the self-cleaning state, the stop valve is closed, the fan sends air into the air outlet end of the dust removal device, and the air is discharged from the air outlet hole above the dust discharge port, and the dust is discharged from the dust discharge port.

[0029] In the present invention, a single fan can simultaneously achieve the transportation of dust and the self-cleaning of the dust removal device. Since a large amount of solid waste such as plant ash, carbon ash, and dust is generated after the biomass is incinerated, the dust removal device blocks the passage of the solid waste and retains it inside the device. These solid wastes are also fertilizers for fields and forests and need to be returned to the field. After the incineration is completed, air can be sent into the air outlet end of the dust removal device through the reversing valve to form a backwashing effect, and the solid waste is discharged from the dust discharge port and returned to the field. A single fan realizing the functions of smoke exhaust and self-cleaning further improves the integration of the device and can better meet the installation requirements.

[0030] Preferred option. To increase the contact area between the acidic gas and ammonia water, the end of the internal pipeline located below the ammonia water liquid level is gradually enlarged in the air outlet direction, and a sieve is provided at the air outlet. By expanding the cross-sectional area of the air outlet and simultaneously dividing the large air bubbles into small air bubbles through the sieve, the contact area between the acidic gas and ammonia water can be further increased, thereby improving the purification effect of the acidic gas.

[0031] Preferred option. To ensure the bubble division effect, the air outlet of the end of the internal pipeline faces upward. The upward-facing air outlet can prevent small air bubbles from colliding and merging into large air bubbles, affecting the bubble division effect, and thereby ensuring the purification effect of the acidic gas.

[0032] Preferred option: To avoid the influence of high-temperature soot on the purification of acidic gases by ammonia water, the pipeline at the front end of the air inlet of the dust removal device passes through a cooling water tank. High-temperature soot will heat the ammonia water, thereby affecting the absorption of acidic gases by ammonia water, and will also decompose into ammonia gas, reducing the content of ammonium ions in the ammonia water, and further affecting the purification effect of acidic gases. The temperature of the soot can be reduced by the cooling water tank, and the hot water in the cooling water tank can be used to heat the air in the fresh air system and preheat the straw.

[0033] Preferred option: To improve the heat dissipation and cooling effect, the cooling water tank is provided with branch air pipes connected in parallel with each other. The branch air pipes penetrate through the cooling water tank but are not communicated with the inside of the cooling water tank. The branch air pipes are located below the liquid level of the cooling water in the cooling water tank; both ends of the branch air pipes are respectively connected to the pipeline between the dust removal device and the soot inlet pipe. By dividing one inlet pipe into multiple branch air pipes, the heat dissipation area can be increased and the cooling effect can be improved.

[0034] Preferred option: To prevent ammonia volatilization, a water mist spraying system is provided above the tail gas outlet pipe. The water mist spraying system includes a spraying water tank and water mist nozzles. The water mist nozzles penetrate through the upper wall of the tail gas outlet pipe and are connected to the spraying water tank through water pipes. By providing a water mist spraying system above the tail gas outlet pipe, the ammonia gas volatilized from the flue gas purification device can be effectively absorbed, and a misty ammonia water containing ammonium ions is formed in the tail gas outlet pipe. The misty ammonia water can further absorb acidic gases and further improve the purification effect.

[0035] Preferred option: To prevent ammonia water loss, the front end of the tail gas outlet pipe is communicated with the inside of the flue gas purification device, and the end is communicated with the air; the bottom of the pipeline of the tail gas outlet pipe shows an upward trend from the front end to the end. The misty ammonia water adheres to the inner wall of the tail gas outlet pipe and finally converges at the bottom of the tail gas outlet pipe and flows into the flue gas purification device from the front end of the tail gas outlet pipe.

[0036] Preferred option: To further prevent ammonia water loss, the tail gas outlet pipe is in a spiral upward tubular structure from the front end to the end. The spiral structure enables the waste gas to spiral upward along the inner wall of the tail gas outlet pipe. Through the action of centrifugal force, more misty ammonia water can adhere to the inner wall and finally flow back into the flue gas purification device.

[0037] Preferred option: To enable the flue gas to enter the filling layer evenly, a flow equalizing plate is provided at the bottom of the filling layer. The flow equalizing plate is in a plate-like structure, and the outer dimension matches the inner cavity of the flue gas purification device. Through holes are evenly distributed on the plate-like structure. The flue gas enters the filling layer evenly through the through holes on the flow equalizing plate and undergoes a chemical reaction with the alkaline solution in the filling layer, improving the desulfurization and denitrification effect.

[0038] Preferred option: To avoid the loss of a large amount of water vapor and ammonia water vapor, a dehumidifying device is provided at the end of the tail gas outlet pipe.

[0039] Preferably, in order to facilitate the discharge of the tail gas after treatment, an exhaust hood is provided at the air outlet of the tail gas outlet pipe.

[0040] Preferably, in order to efficiently filter dust, a centrifugal filtration device is provided at the front end of the dust removal device. Through the centrifugal filtration device, dust and straw fragments with larger particles can be filtered and directly returned to the field, which can reduce the pressure on the bag filter and improve the service life of the bag.

[0041] Beneficial effects: The present invention realizes the technical effects of integration and miniaturization by optimizing the structure of the dust removal device and the flue gas purification device, improves the purification effect of the flue gas by combining ammonia water filtration and ammonia water spraying, and at the same time realizes the return of solid dust and flue gas purification waste to the field, further supplementing nitrogen fertilizer while maintaining the fertility of the fields and mountains. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

[0043] Figure 1 For the overall structural principle of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 For the overall structural principle of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 3 For the schematic diagram of the combined structure of the dust removal device and the flue gas purification device of the present invention; Figure 4 For the schematic diagram of the structure of the flow equalizing plate of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 5 For the schematic diagram of the structure of the flow equalizing plate of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 6 For the schematic diagram of the structure of the centrifugal filtration device of the present invention. [[ID=4(1]] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0044] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0046] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact through additional features therebetween. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0047] As Figure 1 and 2 As shown, a biomass incineration smoke and dust treatment device includes a smoke and dust inlet air pipe 1, a fan 2, a dust removal device 3, a flue gas purification device 4 and an exhaust air pipe 5 connected by pipes; the smoke and dust inlet air pipe 1 is connected to the smoke exhaust port of the biomass incineration device, the fan 2 sequentially sends the smoke and dust into the dust removal device 3 and the flue gas purification device 4, and the treated gas is discharged from the exhaust air pipe 5; the dust removal device 3 and the flue gas purification device 4 are nested with each other to form an integrated structure, and the flue gas purification device 4 includes a smoke and dust filtering device and a flue gas spraying device. The smoke and dust entering the flue gas purification device 4 sequentially passes through the smoke and dust filtering device and the flue gas spraying device and is then discharged from the exhaust air pipe 5.

[0048] The present invention solves the problem of treating the smoke and dust generated during the biomass incineration process. The main components of the smoke and dust are dust and flue gas. The dust needs to be filtered step by step according to the size of its particles, and the flue gas is mainly acidic gas and needs to be removed by an acid-base neutralization reaction; due to the requirements of the operating conditions for the treatment of biomass incineration smoke and dust for portability and convenient installation, it is necessary to optimize the structures of the dust removal device 3 and the flue gas purification device 4 to achieve the technical effects of integration and miniaturization.

[0049] The present invention adopts an integrated structure in which the dust removal device 3 and the flue gas purification device 4 are nested with each other to achieve integration and miniaturization. Figure 1As shown, the dust removal device 3 is embedded inside the flue gas purification device 4. At the same time, the flue gas purification device 4 can also be embedded inside the dust removal device 3 or other combined integration methods (not all shown in the figure). The flue gas purification device 4 includes a dust filtration device and a flue gas spraying device. The dust filtration device is used to filter dust particles with smaller diameters, and the flue gas spraying device is used to spray alkaline solution to neutralize and purify the acidic gas in the flue gas, ultimately achieving the purification of solid dust and flue gas, and returning the waste to the field to maintain the fertility of the field and mountain land.

[0050] In order to achieve the effect of returning the fertilizer to the field, a sewage outlet 41 is provided at the bottom of the flue gas purification device 4, and the sewage outlet 41 opens downward.

[0051] The waste after flue gas purification is mainly the sludge accumulated by fine dust particles, but it contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements beneficial to the field and mountain land. The sewage outlet 41 opening downward is more conducive to the collection and discharge of the waste for returning to the field.

[0052] As Figure 1 、 2 、4 and 5 In order to enable the flue gas to enter the packing layer 43 evenly, a flow equalizing plate 45 is provided at the bottom of the packing layer 43. The flow equalizing plate 45 is in a plate-like structure, and its outer dimension matches the inner cavity of the flue gas purification device 4. The plate-like structure is evenly distributed with through holes. The flue gas enters the packing layer 43 evenly through the through holes on the flow equalizing plate 45 and undergoes a chemical reaction with the alkaline solution in the packing layer 43, improving the desulfurization and denitrification effect.

[0053] As Figure 4 shown, the through holes on the plate-like structure are honeycomb-shaped holes.

[0054] As Figure 5 shown, the through holes on the plate-like structure are circular holes distributed in a concentric circle shape.

[0055] As Figure 1 and 2 shown, in order to avoid the loss of a large amount of water vapor and ammonia vapor, a dehumidifying device 9 is provided at the end of the tail gas outlet pipe 5.

[0056] In order to facilitate the discharge of the treated tail gas, an exhaust cap 51 is provided at the air outlet of the tail gas outlet pipe 5.

[0057] As Figure 1 and 6 shown, in order to efficiently filter dust, a centrifugal filtration device 34 is provided at the front end of the dust removal device 3. Through the centrifugal filtration device 34, dust and straw fragments with larger particles can be filtered and directly returned to the field, which can reduce the pressure on the bag filter and improve the service life of the bag. Embodiment 1

[0058] As Figure 1 and2 As shown, in order to further improve integration and achieve miniaturization, the dust removal device 3 is embedded inside the flue gas purification device 4. The dust removal device 3 and the flue gas purification device 4 are respectively two independent closed cavities, and the dust removal device 3 and the flue gas purification device 4 are connected through an internal pipeline 42.

[0059] The present invention adopts the structure that the dust removal device 3 is embedded inside the flue gas purification device 4, which is smaller in volume and higher in integration degree in terms of spatial structure. Existing industrial soot treatment devices are equipped with large boilers and other equipment, so the amount of soot to be treated is large, and higher treatment effects are required, while the requirements for portability, integration and use cost are relatively low; while the whole set of devices of the present invention needs to be connected to a biomass incineration device. Usually, the incineration device is a mobile vehicle or a simple incinerator erected in the wild. Therefore, the integration and large volume of the whole set of devices directly affect the popularization of the whole set of devices.

[0060] Two independent closed cavities are more conducive to the separation of dust particles and flue gas. Connecting through the internal pipeline 42 can effectively control the flow direction and flow rate of the flue gas, can effectively guide the flow direction of the soot to prepare for the later soot treatment, and at the same time provide data support for the later optimization of the whole soot treatment device. Embodiment 2

[0061] No drawings are provided. In order to further improve integration and achieve miniaturization, the flue gas purification device 4 is embedded inside the dust removal device 3. The dust removal device 3 and the flue gas purification device 4 are respectively two independent closed cavities, and the dust removal device 3 and the flue gas purification device 4 are connected through an internal pipeline 42. Embodiment 3

[0062] No drawings are provided. In order to further improve integration and achieve miniaturization, the flue gas purification device 4 and the dust removal device 3 are connected in a stacked manner from top to bottom. The dust removal device 3 and the flue gas purification device 4 are respectively two independent closed cavities, and the dust removal device 3 and the flue gas purification device 4 are connected through an internal pipeline 42. Embodiment 4

[0063] As Figure 1 and 2 shown, in order to improve the purification effect, the soot filtering device is a structure immersed in an alkaline solution. The flue gas purification device 4 is a container structure, and an alkaline solution is provided inside it. The dust removal device 3 and the flue gas purification device 4 are connected through an internal pipeline 42, and the air outlet of the internal pipeline 42 is located below the liquid level of the alkaline solution.

[0064] In the present invention, the dust removal device 3 first filters out large particulate dust and retains it inside the dust removal device, and the acidic gas enters the flue gas purification device 4 for desulfurization and denitrification treatment. The present invention adopts immersion flue gas purification, which can improve the reaction efficiency between the acidic gas and the alkaline solution, further filter fine dust particles, and reduce the temperature of the flue gas, preparing for the subsequent spraying of the alkaline solution.

[0065] To further improve the effect of flue gas purification, the alkaline solution is an ammonia water solution, and an ammonia water spraying device 6 is provided inside the flue gas purification device 4. The ammonia water spraying device 6 includes a spray head 61 and a circulating water pump 62. A pipeline is connected between the circulating water pump 62 and the spray head 61. The spray head 61 is installed inside the flue gas purification device 4 for downward spraying, and the water inlet of the circulating water pump 62 is located below the liquid level of the ammonia water solution inside the flue gas purification device 4.

[0066] The present invention adopts ammonia water spraying, which can supplement nitrogen fertilizer during field return, contributing to the decomposition and field return of biomass. Adopting the two-stage flue gas purification method of first immersion and then spraying can further improve the effect of flue gas purification, and adopting ammonia water circulation for immersion and spraying can improve the utilization rate of ammonia water. The higher the flue gas temperature, the weaker the binding ability between the ammonium ions in the ammonia water and the acidic gas, and the worse the purification effect of ammonia water spraying.

[0067] To avoid the influence of high-temperature soot on the purification of acidic gas by ammonia water, the pipeline at the front end of the air inlet of the dust removal device 3 passes through the heat dissipation water tank 7. High-temperature soot will heat the ammonia water, thus affecting the absorption of acidic gas by ammonia water, and will also decompose into ammonia gas, reducing the content of ammonium ions in the ammonia water, and further affecting the purification effect of acidic gas. The heat dissipation water tank 7 can reduce the temperature of the soot, and the hot water in the heat dissipation water tank can be used to heat the air in the fresh air system and preheat the straw.

[0068] To improve the heat dissipation and cooling effect, the heat dissipation water tank 7 is provided with parallel branch gas pipes 71. The branch gas pipes 71 penetrate through the heat dissipation water tank 7 but are not communicated with the inside of the heat dissipation water tank 7. The branch gas pipes 71 are located below the liquid level of the cooling water inside the heat dissipation water tank 7; both ends of the branch gas pipes 71 are respectively connected to the pipeline between the dust removal device 3 and the soot inlet air pipe 1. By dividing one inlet gas pipe into multiple branch gas pipes, the heat dissipation area can be increased and the cooling effect can be improved.

[0069] To prevent ammonia volatilization, a water mist spraying system 8 is provided above the tail gas outlet pipe 5. The water mist spraying system 8 includes a spray water tank 81 and water mist nozzles 82. The water mist nozzles 82 penetrate through the upper pipe wall of the tail gas outlet pipe 5 and are connected to the spray water tank 81 through water pipes. By arranging the water mist spraying system 8 above the tail gas outlet pipe 5, the ammonia volatilized from the flue gas purification device 4 can be effectively absorbed, and foggy ammonia water containing ammonium ions is formed in the tail gas outlet pipe 5. The foggy ammonia water can further absorb acidic gases and further improve the purification effect.

[0070] To prevent ammonia water loss, the front end of the tail gas outlet pipe 5 is internally connected to the flue gas purification device 4, and the end is communicated with the air; the bottom of the tail gas outlet pipe 5 shows an upward trend from the front end to the end. The foggy ammonia water adheres to the inner wall of the tail gas outlet pipe 5 and finally converges at the bottom of the tail gas outlet pipe 5 and flows into the flue gas purification device 4 from the front end of the tail gas outlet pipe 5. Example Five

[0071] As Figure 3 As shown, to further improve the integration and achieve miniaturization, the dust filtration device is a packed bed 43 filtration structure. A packed bed is provided inside the flue gas purification device 4. The packed bed 43 is filled with packing materials that can form a water film. The flue gas spraying device sprays an alkaline solution onto the packed bed 43 from above the packed bed 43. The dust entering the flue gas purification device 4 passes through the packed bed 43 from below the packed bed 43 and then enters the spraying chamber of the flue gas spraying device.

[0072] The present invention adopts the method of water film filtration and purification to filter fine dust particles through the water film and leave them on the surface of the packing materials. At the same time, the flue gas can be subjected to desulfurization and denitrification treatment through the water film and spraying and flushing, which can save space.

[0073] As Figure 3 As shown, to further improve the flue gas purification effect, the nozzles 61 are connected in series by a spray pipe and are distributed in groups inside the flue gas purification device 4. The nozzles 61 are distributed in three layers from top to bottom. The present invention adopts the method of three-layer spraying to further enhance the flue gas purification effect. Example Six

[0074] As Figure 1 and 2 As shown, to achieve self-cleaning of the dust removal device and ensure the dust removal effect and the passing rate of the flue gas, a dust discharge port 31 is provided at the bottom of the dust removal device 3. The top of the dust removal device 3 is connected with a backflush pipe 32. The backflush pipe 32 is connected to the air outlet of the fan 2 through a reversing valve 33; a stop valve 44 is provided between the dust removal device 3 and the flue gas purification device 4. One end of the recoil pipeline 32 is communicated with the air outlet end of the dust removal device 3, and the other end is communicated with the air outlet of the fan 2; the reversing valve 33 switches the flow direction of the air blown by the fan 2; in the dust removal state, the stop valve is opened, and the fan 2 sends the smoke and dust during incineration into the air inlet of the dust removal device 3, and the smoke and dust enter the flue gas purification device 4 through the stop valve; in the self-cleaning state, the stop valve is closed, and the fan 2 sends air into the air outlet end of the dust removal device 3 and discharges it through the air outlet holes above the ash discharge port 31, and the dust is discharged from the ash discharge port 31.

[0075] In the present invention, a single fan 2 can be used to transport the smoke and dust and also to self-clean the dust removal device 3. Since a large amount of solid waste such as plant ash, carbon ash and dust is generated after the biomass is incinerated, the dust removal device 3 blocks the passage of the solid waste and retains it inside the device. These solid wastes are also fertilizers for fields and forests and need to be returned to the field. After the incineration is completed, the reversing valve can be used to send air into the air outlet end of the dust removal device 3 to form a recoil effect, and the solid waste is discharged from the ash discharge port 31 and returned to the field. The function of a single fan to achieve smoke exhaust and self-cleaning further improves the integration of the device and can better meet the installation requirements. Embodiment Seven

[0076] As Figure 1 and 2 shown, in order to increase the contact area between the acidic gas and the alkaline solution, the end of the internal pipeline 42 located below the liquid level of the alkaline solution has a gradually enlarged structure along the air outlet direction, and a screen is provided at the air outlet. By expanding the cross-sectional area of the air outlet and simultaneously dividing the large bubbles into small bubbles through the screen, the contact area between the acidic gas and the alkaline solution can be further increased, thereby improving the purification effect of the acidic gas. Embodiment Eight

[0077] In order to ensure the bubble division effect, the air outlet of the end of the internal pipeline 42 faces upward. The upward-facing air outlet can prevent the small bubbles from colliding and merging into large bubbles, which affects the bubble division effect and thus ensures the purification effect of the acidic gas. Embodiment Nine

[0078] As Figure 2 shown, in order to further prevent the loss of ammonia water, the tail gas outlet pipe 5 has a spiral rising tubular structure from the front end to the end. The spiral structure enables the waste gas to spiral upward along the inner wall of the tail gas outlet pipe 5, and through the action of centrifugal force, more mist-like ammonia water can adhere to the inner wall and finally flow back into the flue gas purification device 4.

[0079] In the present specification, the various embodiments are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. For the same or similar parts among the various embodiments, reference can be made to each other. For the devices disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple. For the relevant parts, reference can be made to the description in the method section.

[0080] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A biomass incineration soot treatment device, comprising a soot inlet air pipe (1), a fan (2), a dust removal device (3), a flue gas purification device (4) and an exhaust air pipe (5) connected by pipelines; the soot inlet air pipe (1) is connected to the smoke exhaust port of the biomass incineration device, and the fan (2) sequentially sends the soot into the dust removal device (3) and the flue gas purification device (4), and the treated gas is discharged from the exhaust air pipe (5); characterized in that: The dust removal device (3) and the flue gas purification device (4) are nested with each other to form an integral structure. The flue gas purification device (4) includes a soot filtration device and a flue gas spraying device. The soot entering the flue gas purification device (4) passes through the soot filtration device and the flue gas spraying device in sequence and is discharged from the exhaust air pipe (5).

2. The biomass incineration soot treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soot filtration device is of an alkaline solution immersion structure, the flue gas purification device (4) is of a container structure, an alkaline solution is provided inside it, and the dust removal device (3) and the flue gas purification device (4) are connected by an internal pipeline (42), and the air outlet of the internal pipeline (42) is located below the liquid level of the alkaline solution.

3. The biomass incineration smoke treatment device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The soot filtration device is of a packed bed filtration structure, a packed bed (43) is provided inside the flue gas purification device (4), the packed bed (43) is filled with packing materials capable of forming a water film, and the flue gas spraying device sprays alkaline solution onto the packed bed (43) from above the packed bed (43), and the soot entering the flue gas purification device (4) passes through the packed bed (43) from below the packed bed (43) and then enters the spraying chamber of the flue gas spraying device.

4. The biomass incineration smoke treatment device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that: The alkaline solution is an ammonia water solution, an ammonia water spraying device (6) is provided inside the flue gas purification device (4), the ammonia water spraying device (6) includes a spray head (61) and a circulating water pump (62), the circulating water pump (62) and the spray head (61) are connected by a pipeline, the spray head (61) is installed inside the flue gas purification device (4) for downward spraying, and the water inlet of the circulating water pump (62) is located below the liquid level of the ammonia water solution inside the flue gas purification device (4).

5. The biomass incineration soot treatment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spray heads (61) are distributed in groups in series by spray pipelines inside the flue gas purification device (4), and the spray heads (61) are distributed at least in one layer from top to bottom.

6. The biomass incineration soot treatment device according to claim 1, wherein: A sewage discharge port (41) is provided at the bottom of the flue gas purification device (4), and the sewage discharge port (41) opens downward.

7. The biomass incineration soot treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust removal device (3) is embedded inside the flue gas purification device (4), the dust removal device (3) and the flue gas purification device (4) are two independent closed cavities respectively, and the dust removal device (3) and the flue gas purification device (4) are communicated through an internal pipeline (42).

8. The biomass incineration smoke treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas purification device (4) is embedded inside the dust removal device (3), the dust removal device (3) and the flue gas purification device (4) are two independent closed cavities respectively, and the dust removal device (3) and the flue gas purification device (4) are communicated through an internal pipeline (42).

9. The biomass incineration soot treatment device according to claim 1, wherein: The flue gas purification device (4) and the dust removal device (3) are connected in a stacked manner from top to bottom. The dust removal device (3) and the flue gas purification device (4) are respectively two independent closed cavities, and the dust removal device (3) and the flue gas purification device (4) are communicated through an internal pipeline (42).

10. The biomass incineration smoke treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A dust discharge port (31) is provided at the bottom of the dust removal device (3). A backflush pipeline (32) is connected to the top of the dust removal device (3). The backflush pipeline (32) is connected to the air outlet of the fan (2) through a reversing valve (33); A stop valve (44) is provided between the dust removal device (3) and the flue gas purification device (4). One end of the backflush pipeline (32) is communicated with the air outlet end of the dust removal device (3), and the other end is communicated with the air outlet of the fan (2); The reversing valve (33) switches the flow direction of the air blown by the fan (2); In the dust removal state, the stop valve is opened, and the fan (2) sends the soot during incineration into the air inlet of the dust removal device (3), and the soot enters the flue gas purification device (4) through the stop valve; In the self-cleaning state, the stop valve is closed, and the fan (2) sends air into the air outlet end of the dust removal device (3), and discharges it from the air outlet hole above the dust discharge port (31), and the dust is discharged from the dust discharge port (31).

11. The biomass incineration smoke treatment device according to claim 2, wherein: The end of the internal pipeline (42) located below the alkaline solution liquid level has a gradually enlarged structure along the air outlet direction, and a screen is provided at the air outlet.

12. The biomass incineration smoke treatment device according to claim 11, wherein: The air outlet of the end of the internal pipeline (42) faces upward.

13. The biomass incineration soot treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pipeline at the front end of the air inlet of the dust removal device (3) passes through the radiator water tank (7).

14. The biomass incineration soot treatment device according to claim 13, characterized in that: Parallel branch air pipes (71) are provided in the radiator water tank (7). The branch air pipes (71) penetrate through the radiator water tank (7) but are not communicated with the inside of the radiator water tank (7). The branch air pipes (71) are located below the cooling water liquid level inside the radiator water tank (7); Both ends of the branch air pipe (71) are respectively connected to the pipelines between the dust removal device (3) and the soot inlet air pipe (1).

15. The biomass incineration soot treatment device according to claim 1, wherein: A water mist spraying system (8) is provided above the tail gas outlet pipe (5). The water mist spraying system (8) includes a spraying water tank (81) and water mist nozzles (82). The water mist nozzles (82) penetrate through the upper pipe wall of the tail gas outlet pipe (5) and are connected to the spraying water tank (81) through a water pipe.

16. The biomass incineration smoke treatment device according to claim 15, wherein: The front end of the tail gas outlet pipe (5) is communicated with the inside of the flue gas purification device (4), and the end is communicated with the air; The bottom of the pipeline of the tail gas outlet pipe (5) trends upward from the front end to the end.

17. The biomass incineration soot treatment device according to claim 16, characterized in that: The tail gas outlet pipe (5) is in a spiral upward tubular structure from the front end to the end.

18. The biomass incineration soot treatment device according to claim 3, wherein: A flow equalizing plate (45) is provided at the bottom of the filling layer (43). The flow equalizing plate (45) is in a plate-like structure, and the outer dimension matches the inner cavity of the flue gas purification device (4). Through holes are evenly distributed on the plate-like structure.

19. The biomass incineration flue gas treatment device according to claim 1, wherein: A dehumidifying device (9) is provided at the end of the tail gas outlet pipe (5).

20. The biomass incineration smoke treatment device according to claim 1 or 19, characterized in that: An exhaust hood (51) is provided at the air outlet of the tail gas outlet pipe (5).

21. The biomass incineration flue gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A centrifugal filtration device (34) is provided at the front end of the dust removal device (3).

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