Guided wave rod type micro-seismic sensor with clear vibration receiving position and mounting method of guided wave rod type micro-seismic sensor

Abstract

The invention discloses a guided wave rod type micro-seismic sensor with a clear vibration receiving position and an installation method.The sensor comprises a micro-seismic sensor inner core, the outer side of the micro-seismic sensor inner core is wrapped with a sensor upper shell, and an upper groove is formed in the bottom of the sensor upper shell; the guided wave rod type micro-seismic sensor further comprises a sensor lower shell, a lower groove matched with the upper groove is formed in the sensor lower shell, and after the sensor lower shell and the upper shell are connected in a matched mode, a cylindrical space is formed by the upper groove and the lower groove. The sensor shell with the semicircular groove and the rear cover are used and are fastened on the wave guide rod through the bolts, so that the surface contact between the sensor and the wave guide rod is realized, and the signal acquisition quality of the micro-seismic sensor is improved. The wave guide rod is divided into three functional areas, namely a vibration receiving area, a vibration transmission area and a vibration feedback area, and each functional area is coupled with a rock mass in different modes, so that the receiving position of a micro-seismic signal can be determined, and the positioning precision of a micro-seismic event is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of microseismic monitoring, and in particular to a waveguide rod type microseismic sensor with a clear vibration receiving position and an installation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Due to high ground stress and geological tectonic forces, deep rock projects are highly susceptible to rockburst disasters, threatening the safety of construction workers and equipment. Microseismic monitoring technology is an effective means of rockburst prevention and control. By installing microseismic sensors within rock projects, microseismic monitoring technology can collect fracture signals within the rock mass. Through waveform recognition, arrival time picking, source location, and parameter calculation, parameters such as the fracture event location, released energy, and apparent volume are obtained. Based on these parameters, early warnings of the location, time, and level of rockbursts can be issued. The quality of microseismic signal acquisition directly affects the accuracy of waveform recognition and arrival time picking, and the precision of the microseismic signal receiving coordinates directly affects the accuracy of source location and the results of parameter calculations. Therefore, improving the quality of microseismic signal acquisition and clarifying the location of microseismic signal receiving can improve the accuracy of microseismic parameters and further enhance the reliability of rockburst early warning results.

[0003] Sensors and their installation quality have an important impact on the signal acquisition effect. At present, the installation methods of microseismic sensors include in-hole grouting installation, in-hole retrievable installation, surface installation and waveguide rod installation. Among them, in-hole grouting installation has the best waveform acquisition quality, and the microseismic signal is directly received by the sensor, which can accurately measure or calculate the microseismic signal receiving position, but this method has the problem that the sensor cannot be recovered and the monitoring cost is high; in-hole retrievable installation can also accurately obtain the microseismic signal receiving position, but because the microseismic sensor relies on the mechanical structure to be in close contact with the surrounding rock, the mechanical structure will become loose after long-term use, and the signal acquisition quality is inferior to the in-hole grouting installation, and this method requires a larger borehole diameter and a long drilling time, which will affect the construction efficiency in actual applications; although surface installation is simple to install and takes a short time, and can accurately obtain the microseismic signal receiving position, because the microseismic sensor only fits the surface of the surrounding rock damaged by excavation, the deep fracture signal of the rock mass is difficult to obtain. The sensor is easily transmitted and the collection coverage is small. It is easily disturbed by construction noise and the waveform collection quality is poor. In the waveguide rod installation method, the sensor is rigidly coupled to the rock mass through the waveguide rod. The waveguide rod is installed in a small-diameter borehole. The signal received at any position of the waveguide rod can be transmitted to the sensor. Although the sensor is easy to recover and simple to operate, and can effectively collect deep rock fracture signals, the current microseismic sensor housing is mostly cylindrical and generally has line contact with the waveguide rod. The degree of coupling between the sensor and the waveguide rod needs to be strengthened. In addition, this method cannot currently determine the receiving position of the microseismic signal collected by the microseismic sensor on the waveguide rod. The microseismic signal reaching the sensor position passes through the waveguide rod, and there is an arrival time error of the P wave and the S wave, which affects the accuracy of the microseismic parameter calculation.

[0004] In summary, the existing microseismic sensors and their installation methods cannot simultaneously have the characteristics of low monitoring cost, high installation efficiency, high waveform acquisition quality, and the ability to accurately obtain the microseismic signal receiving position. It is necessary to develop a microseismic sensor and its installation method to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention discloses a waveguide rod type microseismic sensor with a clear vibration receiving position, including a microseismic sensor inner core, the outer side of the microseismic sensor inner core is wrapped with a sensor upper shell, the microseismic sensor inner core is connected to an inner core cable, the inner core cable extends outward along the sensor upper shell, and a nut gasket, a nut and a cable protection head are connected to the outer side of the sensor upper shell and the inner core cable in sequence, and an upper groove is provided on the bottom of the sensor upper shell. The waveguide rod type microseismic sensor also includes a sensor lower shell, and a lower groove is provided on the sensor lower shell to cooperate with the upper groove. When the sensor lower shell and the sensor upper shell are connected, the upper groove and the lower groove form a cylindrical space.

[0006] A waveguide rod is connected to the outside of the cylindrical space and is wrapped by the cylindrical space.

[0007] The upper housing of the sensor is provided with a plurality of bolts, and the lower housing of the sensor is provided with threaded holes that are matched with the bolts, and the bolts are correspondingly installed in the threaded holes.

[0008] The waveguide rod includes a vibration receiving area, a vibration transmission area and a vibration feedback area. The vibration receiving area is installed at the deepest part of the rock borehole and is used to rigidly couple with the rock body to receive vibration signals within the rock body. The vibration transmission area is flexibly coupled with the rock body and is used to transmit the vibration signal to the vibration feedback area. The vibration feedback area is exposed outside the borehole and is used to feed back microseismic signals to the microseismic sensor.

[0009] The waveguide rod is a rigid cylindrical rod body, and the diameter of the waveguide rod is the same as the diameter of the cylindrical space.

[0010] A method for installing a waveguide rod type microseismic sensor with a clear vibration receiving position includes the following steps:

[0011] S1. Drill monitoring holes in the microseismic monitoring area and conduct acoustic wave testing to determine the scope of the surrounding rock damage zone (d0);

[0012] S2. Determine the length of the waveguide rod (l) according to the scope of the surrounding rock damage area, and drill a certain number of microseismic monitoring holes in the surrounding rock mass;

[0013] S3. Wrap the vibration transmission area of the waveguide probe with a wave-absorbing or wave-blocking material, leaving the vibration receiving area and vibration feedback area of the waveguide probe untreated. Insert the waveguide probe into the microseismic monitoring hole. The wave-absorbing or wave-blocking material forms a flexible coupling between the vibration transmission area of the waveguide probe and the hole wall, absorbing or blocking the vibration of the surrounding rock to the vibration transmission area of the waveguide probe.

[0014] S4. Grouting into the microseismic monitoring hole;

[0015] S5. Apply a small amount of anchoring agent to the microseismic monitoring hole opening and the waveguide probe vibration feedback area to strengthen the fixation.

[0016] S6. Measure the coordinates of the microseismic monitoring hole opening (x1, y1, z1) and the installation azimuth (α) and inclination (β) of the installation device, and calculate the coordinates of the center position of the vibration receiving area of the installation device;

[0017] S7. Repeat steps S3 to S6 to install the same number of microseismic sensors and waveguide rods as the number of microseismic monitoring holes.

[0018] S8. Connect the sensor core cable to the microseismic acquisition instrument, input the hole coordinates, waveguide rod length, installation azimuth and inclination into the software supporting the microseismic monitoring system, and start monitoring;

[0019] S9. When the sensor needs to be moved, remove the bolts of the microseismic sensor, recycle the microseismic sensor, and repeat steps S1 to S8 to continue monitoring.

[0020] Furthermore, the software supporting the microseismic monitoring system corrects the coordinates of the center position of the waveguide rod vibration receiving area. The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0021] The calculation formula for the coordinates of the center position of the waveguide probe vibration receiving area is:

[0022]

[0023] Where (x'1, y'1, z'1) is the coordinate of the actual position of the received vibration;

[0024] The software supporting the microseismic monitoring system corrects the arrival time of the microseismic signal P wave and the arrival time of the microseismic signal S wave. The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0025]

[0026] Where, t p and t s is the time when the microseismic signal P wave and S wave arrive at the microseismic sensor, which is obtained by picking up the arrival time of the microseismic signal P wave and S wave; t' s and t' p v is the real time when the microseismic signal P wave and S wave reach the center of the waveguide rod vibration receiving area;p and v s It is the propagation velocity of the P wave and S wave of the microseismic signal on the waveguide rod.

[0027] Furthermore, the depth of the microseismic monitoring hole (d) is determined by the range of the surrounding rock damage zone (d0). The principle is that the depth of the microseismic monitoring hole (d) should at least exceed the range of the surrounding rock damage (d0). The length of the waveguide rod (l) is determined by the depth of the microseismic monitoring hole (d). The principle is that the length of the waveguide rod (l) is equal to the sum of the depth of the microseismic monitoring hole (d) and the length of the waveguide rod vibration feedback zone (l3).

[0028] Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention provides a waveguide rod-mounted microseismic sensor and installation method with a clear vibration receiving position. This sensor, installed using a waveguide rod, is recyclable, simple to operate, and highly efficient. By modifying the sensor design to include a sensor housing and back cover with semicircular grooves, bolted to the waveguide rod, surface contact between the sensor and the anchor rod is achieved, improving the quality of the microseismic sensor's collected signals. Compared to existing waveguide rod-mounted microseismic sensors and methods, the present invention divides the waveguide rod into three functional areas: a vibration receiving area, a vibration transmission area, and a vibration feedback area. Each functional area is designed with a different coupling mode with the rock mass, enabling the determination of the receiving position of microseismic signals and the correction of P- and S-wave arrival times. This results in higher accuracy using common microseismic event location and parameter calculation algorithms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the waveguide rod type microseismic sensor proposed in this invention

[0031] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the lower shell of the waveguide rod type microseismic sensor proposed in this invention

[0032] Figure 3 The overall block diagram of the waveguide rod type microseismic sensor proposed in this invention

[0033] Figure 4 Detailed view of the waveguide rod type microseismic sensor proposed in this invention after the waveguide rod is installed

[0034] Figure 5Comparison of the rupture event waveforms obtained by using the microseismic sensor and method provided by the present invention and the microseismic sensor installed with a conventional waveguide rod

[0035] Figure 6 Comparison of the microseismic event acquisition effect using the microseismic sensor and method provided by the present invention and the traditional method

[0036] Figure: 1. Microseismic sensor inner core, 21. Sensor upper housing, 6. Inner core cable, 3. Nut and washer, 4. Nut, 5. Cable protector, 7. Upper groove, 8. Bolt, 12. Threaded hole, 22. Sensor lower housing, 20. Lower groove, 10. Cylindrical space, 9. Waveguide probe, 17. Vibration receiving area, 18. Vibration transmission area, 19. Vibration feedback area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention:

[0038] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0040] like Figure 1The waveguide rod type microseismic sensor with a clear vibration receiving position shown in the figure includes a microseismic sensor inner core 1, a sensor upper shell 21 wrapped around the outside of the microseismic sensor inner core 1, and an inner core cable 6 connected to the microseismic sensor inner core 1. The inner core cable 6 extends outward along the sensor upper shell 21. The outer side of the sensor upper shell 21 and the inner core cable 6 are connected in sequence with a nut washer 3, a nut 4, and a cable protective head 5. The bottom of the sensor upper shell 21 is provided with an upper groove 7. The waveguide rod type microseismic sensor also includes a sensor lower shell 22. The sensor lower shell 22 is provided with a lower groove 20 that cooperates with the upper groove 7. When the sensor lower shell 22 and the sensor upper shell 21 are connected, the upper groove 7 and the lower groove 20 form a cylindrical space 10. A waveguide rod 9 is connected to the cylindrical space 10 and extends outward. The waveguide rod 9 is wrapped by the cylindrical space 10.

[0041] Further, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the upper housing 21 of the sensor is provided with a plurality of bolts 8 , and the lower housing 22 of the sensor is provided with threaded holes 12 that cooperate with the bolts 8 . The bolts 8 are correspondingly installed in the threaded holes 12 to form the cylindrical space 10 .

[0042] Furthermore, the waveguide rod 9 includes a vibration receiving area 17, a vibration transmission area 18 and a vibration feedback area 19. The vibration receiving area 17 is installed at the deepest part of the rock borehole and is used to rigidly couple with the rock to receive the vibration signal in the rock; the vibration transmission area 18 is flexibly coupled with the rock to transmit the vibration signal to the vibration feedback area; the vibration feedback area 18 is exposed outside the borehole and is used to feed back the microseismic signal to the microseismic sensor.

[0043] The inner core cable 6 is installed in the sensor upper housing 21 by using a potting process. The waveguide rod 9 is a rigid cylindrical rod, and the diameter of the waveguide rod 9 is the same as the diameter of the cylindrical space 10.

[0044] A method for installing a waveguide rod type microseismic sensor with a clear vibration receiving position includes the following steps:

[0045] S1. Drill monitoring holes in the microseismic monitoring area and conduct acoustic wave testing to determine the scope of the surrounding rock damage zone (d0);

[0046] S2. Determine the length of the waveguide rod (l) according to the scope of the surrounding rock damage area, and drill a certain number of microseismic monitoring holes in the surrounding rock mass;

[0047] S3. Wrap the vibration transmission area of the waveguide probe with a wave-absorbing or wave-blocking material, leaving the vibration receiving area and vibration feedback area of the waveguide probe untreated. Insert the waveguide probe into the microseismic monitoring hole. The wave-absorbing or wave-blocking material forms a flexible coupling between the vibration transmission area of the waveguide probe and the hole wall, absorbing or blocking the vibration of the surrounding rock to the vibration transmission area of the waveguide probe.

[0048] S4. Grouting into the microseismic monitoring hole;

[0049] S5. Apply a small amount of anchoring agent to the microseismic monitoring hole opening and the waveguide probe vibration feedback area to strengthen the fixation.

[0050] S6. Measure the coordinates of the microseismic monitoring hole opening (x1, y1, z1) and the installation azimuth (α) and inclination (β) of the installation device, and calculate the coordinates of the center position of the vibration receiving area of the installation device;

[0051] S7. Repeat steps S3 to S6 to install the same number of microseismic sensors and waveguide rods as the number of microseismic monitoring holes.

[0052] S8. Connect the sensor core cable to the microseismic acquisition instrument, input the hole coordinates, waveguide rod length, installation azimuth and inclination into the software supporting the microseismic monitoring system, and start monitoring;

[0053] S9. When the sensor needs to be moved, remove the bolts of the microseismic sensor, recycle the microseismic sensor, and repeat steps S1 to S8 to continue monitoring.

[0054] Furthermore, the software supporting the microseismic monitoring system corrects the coordinates of the center position of the waveguide rod vibration receiving area, the arrival time of the microseismic signal P wave, and the arrival time of the microseismic signal S wave. The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0055] The calculation formula for the coordinates of the center position of the waveguide probe vibration receiving area is:

[0056]

[0057] Where (x'1, y'1, z'1) is the coordinate of the actual position of the received vibration;

[0058] The arrival time correction process of microseismic signal P wave and microseismic signal S wave is as follows:

[0059]

[0060] Where, t p and t s is the time when the microseismic signal P wave and S wave arrive at the microseismic sensor, which is obtained by picking up the arrival time of the microseismic signal P wave and S wave; t' s and t' p v is the real time when the microseismic signal P wave and S wave reach the center of the waveguide rod vibration receiving area; p and v s It is the propagation velocity of the P wave and S wave of the microseismic signal on the waveguide rod.

[0061] Furthermore, the depth of the microseismic monitoring hole (d) is determined by the range of the surrounding rock damage zone (d0). The principle is that the depth of the microseismic monitoring hole (d) should at least exceed the range of the surrounding rock damage (d0). The length of the waveguide rod (l) is determined by the depth of the microseismic monitoring hole (d). The principle is that the length of the waveguide rod (l) is equal to the sum of the depth of the microseismic monitoring hole (d) and the length of the waveguide rod vibration feedback zone (l3).

[0062] Example:

[0063] The implementation environment of this embodiment is a deep hard rock tunnel, which is excavated using the drill and blast method. Rock burst assessment shows that there is a moderate rock burst risk in the construction section, and a microseismic monitoring system is deployed to provide rock burst warning.

[0064] Microseismic monitoring is carried out using the microseismic sensor and method provided by the present invention.

[0065] First, a 40mm diameter, 3.5m deep hole was drilled in the tunnel's surrounding rock. Using a single-shot, dual-receiver acoustic wave test, the surrounding rock damage zone was determined to be 1.2m deep. Based on this damage zone, the microseismic monitoring hole depth was determined to be 1.9m. A 23mm diameter waveguide probe with a total length of 2m was selected, divided into three functional areas: a vibration receiving area (0.1m long), a vibration transmission area (1.8m long), and a vibration feedback area (0.1m long).

[0066] Then, drill a microseismic monitoring hole with a diameter of 40 mm and a depth of 1.9 m in the tunnel surrounding rock. Wrap the vibration transmission area of the waveguide probe with industrial sound insulation felt (made of rubber and mineral fiber). Use quick-drying adhesive to seal the gaps in the industrial sound insulation felt and reinforce it in sections with cable ties. The vibration receiving and feedback areas of the waveguide probe remain untreated. Insert the waveguide probe, wrapped in industrial sound insulation felt, into the microseismic monitoring hole until it reaches its deepest point (judged by the exposed length of the waveguide probe; approximately 10 cm indicates the probe has reached its deepest point).

[0067] Subsequently, a grouting machine is used to inject grout into the microseismic monitoring hole. When the microseismic monitoring hole is an upward hole or a horizontal hole, the exhaust pipe is plugged into the bottom of the hole, and the grouting pipe is left at the hole mouth. The grouting sequence is from shallow to deep. When the microseismic monitoring hole is a downward hole, the grouting pipe is plugged into the bottom of the hole, and the exhaust pipe is left at the hole mouth. The grouting sequence is from deep to shallow. The gap between the grouting pipe and the exhaust pipe at the hole mouth is sealed with an anchoring agent, and the sealing length is about 5 cm. When slurry is continuously discharged from the exhaust pipe, the grouting is considered completed.

[0068] Finally, install the microseismic sensor in the waveguide probe's vibration feedback area. Before installation, clean any dust or sand from the waveguide probe surface, the sensor housing, and the semicircular concave surface of the rear cover. Then, wrap the sensor housing and rear cover around the waveguide probe's vibration feedback area. Bolt the microseismic sensor and rear cover securely, ensuring surface contact between the housing and the waveguide probe. Using a total station, measure the coordinates of the orifice center to (4852192.5, 13136.4, 201.1). Using a compass, measure the waveguide probe's azimuth to 125° and its inclination to 38°.

[0069] Following the above steps, install eight microseismic sensors, connect the sensor cables to the microseismic acquisition instrument, and enter the coordinates of each sensor, along with the probe length, azimuth, and inclination, into the microseismic monitoring system software to begin microseismic monitoring. Based on this input, the software calculates the coordinates of the vibration receiving locations and corrects the arrival times of the P and S waves.

[0070] In order to test the effectiveness of the present invention, eight microseismic sensors installed with traditional waveguide rods were simultaneously arranged in the tunnel. Two types of sensors were connected to two independent microseismic monitoring systems and independently calculated microseismic parameters.

[0071] Figure 5 The waveforms of rupture events collected simultaneously by the microseismic sensor of this embodiment and the traditional waveguide rod are shown. It can be seen that the waveform of this embodiment has a higher signal-to-noise ratio and better waveform quality.

[0072] By analyzing and processing microseismic events, we can calculate parameters such as microseismic event location, microseismic release energy and apparent volume. Figure 6 The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of microseismic events were analyzed. The present embodiment detected a large cluster of 85 microseismic events, with a concentration of 36,899 J of released energy. This led to a warning of a moderate rockburst risk from the left spandrel to the crown during the next construction cycle. While conventional waveguide probe-mounted microseismic sensors exhibited the same number of microseismic events, their distribution was more diffuse, making it impossible to determine the clustered locations and, consequently, providing an accurate warning of the rockburst location.

[0073] During the next blasting cycle, a moderate rockburst occurred on the left spandrel during the hazard removal phase, with a crater depth of 0.7 m. This demonstrates that the application of this embodiment provides accurate rockburst warning levels and locations. Thanks to the accurate and detailed warning information, hazard removal equipment pre-installed reinforced protective steel mesh, shifted equipment to the right during operations, and personnel and equipment were evacuated promptly when the rockburst occurred, resulting in no casualties or equipment damage.

[0074] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waveguide rod type microseismic sensor with a clear vibration receiving position, characterized in that include: A microseismic sensor inner core (1) is provided, wherein the outer side of the microseismic sensor inner core (1) is wrapped with a sensor upper shell (21), the microseismic sensor inner core (1) is connected to an inner core cable (6), the inner core cable (6) extends outward along the sensor upper shell (21), a nut washer (3), a nut (4) and a cable protection head (5) are sequentially connected to the outer side of the sensor upper shell (21) and the inner core cable (6), an upper groove (7) is provided at the bottom of the sensor upper shell (21), and the waveguide rod type microseismic sensor further comprises a sensor lower shell (22), a lower groove (20) is provided on the sensor lower shell (22) and cooperates with the upper groove (7), and when the sensor lower shell (22) and the sensor upper shell (21) are cooperatively connected, the upper groove (7) and the lower groove (20) form a cylindrical space (10).

2. The waveguide rod type microseismic sensor with a clear vibration receiving position according to claim 1, characterized in that: A waveguide rod (9) is connected to the outside of the cylindrical space (10), and the waveguide rod (9) is wrapped by the cylindrical space (10).

3. The waveguide rod type microseismic sensor with a clear vibration receiving position according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper housing (21) of the sensor is provided with a plurality of bolts (8), the lower housing (22) of the sensor is provided with threaded holes (12) that cooperate with the bolts (8), and the bolts (8) are correspondingly installed in the threaded holes (12) to form the cylindrical space (10).

4. The waveguide rod type microseismic sensor with a clear vibration receiving position according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide rod (9) comprises a vibration receiving area (17), a vibration transmission area (18) and a vibration feedback area (19), wherein the vibration receiving area (17) is installed at the deepest part of the rock mass borehole and is used for rigidly coupling with the rock mass to receive the vibration signal in the rock mass, and the vibration transmission area (18) is flexibly coupled with the rock mass and is used for transmitting the vibration signal to the vibration feedback area, and the vibration feedback area (18) is exposed outside the borehole and is used for feeding back the microseismic signal to the microseismic sensor.

5. The waveguide rod type microseismic sensor with a clear vibration receiving position according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide rod (9) is a rigid cylindrical rod body, and the diameter of the waveguide rod (9) is the same as the diameter of the cylindrical space (10).

6. A method for installing a waveguide rod type microseismic sensor with a clear vibration receiving position according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The steps include: S1. Drill monitoring holes in the microseismic monitoring area and conduct acoustic wave testing to determine the scope of the surrounding rock damage zone (d0); S2. Determine the length of the waveguide rod (l) according to the scope of the surrounding rock damage area, and drill a certain number of microseismic monitoring holes in the surrounding rock mass; S3. Wrap the vibration transmission area of the waveguide probe with a wave-absorbing or wave-blocking material, leaving the vibration receiving area and vibration feedback area of the waveguide probe untreated. Insert the waveguide probe into the microseismic monitoring hole. The wave-absorbing or wave-blocking material forms a flexible coupling between the vibration transmission area of the waveguide probe and the hole wall, absorbing or blocking the vibration of the surrounding rock to the vibration transmission area of the waveguide probe. S4. Grouting into the microseismic monitoring hole; S5. Apply a small amount of anchoring agent to the microseismic monitoring hole opening and the waveguide probe vibration feedback area to strengthen the fixation. S6. Measure the coordinates of the microseismic monitoring hole opening (x1, y1, z1) and the installation azimuth (α) and inclination (β) of the installation device, and calculate the coordinates of the center position of the vibration receiving area of the installation device; S7. Repeat steps S3 to S6 to install the same number of microseismic sensors and waveguide rods as the number of microseismic monitoring holes. S8. Connect the sensor core cable to the microseismic acquisition instrument, input the hole coordinates, waveguide rod length, installation azimuth and inclination into the software supporting the microseismic monitoring system, and start monitoring; S9. When the sensor needs to be moved, remove the bolts of the microseismic sensor, recycle the microseismic sensor, and repeat steps S1 to S8 to continue monitoring.

7. The installation method according to claim 6: the software supporting the microseismic monitoring system corrects the coordinates of the center position of the waveguide probe vibration receiving area. The specific algorithm is as follows: The calculation formula for the coordinates of the center position of the waveguide probe vibration receiving area is: Where (x'1, y'1, z'1) is the coordinate of the actual position of the received vibration; The software supporting the microseismic monitoring system corrects the arrival time of the microseismic signal P wave and the arrival time of the microseismic signal S wave. The specific algorithm is as follows: Where, t p and t s is the time when the microseismic signal P wave and S wave arrive at the microseismic sensor, which is obtained by picking up the arrival time of the microseismic signal P wave and S wave; t' s and t' p v is the real time when the microseismic signal P wave and S wave reach the center of the waveguide rod vibration receiving area; p and v s It is the propagation velocity of the P wave and S wave of the microseismic signal on the waveguide rod.

8. The installation method according to claim 6, wherein: The depth of the microseismic monitoring hole (d) is determined by the range of the surrounding rock damage zone (d0). The principle is that the depth of the microseismic monitoring hole (d) should at least exceed the range of the surrounding rock damage (d0). The length of the waveguide rod (l) is determined by the depth of the microseismic monitoring hole (d). The principle is that the length of the waveguide rod (l) is equal to the sum of the depth of the microseismic monitoring hole (d) and the length of the waveguide rod vibration feedback zone (l3).

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