Special guava organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses guava special-purpose organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers.The raw materials of the guava special-purpose organic fertilizer include fermented organic fertilizer 60-70 parts, durian shell biochar 5-8 parts, amino acid chelate 3-5 parts, oat extract 1-3 parts, trehalose 1-3 parts and compound microbial inoculant 0.3-0.5 parts.The above components have a synergistic effect, can effectively improve the yield of guavas, and increase the soluble sugar content and VC content of the fruits.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a guavasteen special-purpose organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Guavasteen has become one of the rare tropical fruits for farmers to increase income, and its planting area is showing a significant expansion trend. However, to improve the economic value of guavasteen, it is far from enough to expand the planting area, and more importantly, it is necessary to improve the yield and quality of guavasteen. The yield and quality of guavasteen are mainly affected by the fertilization method, and the existing fertilization method restricts the development of guavasteen. On the one hand, in the current industry, farmers generally use a compound fertilizer application system of "base fertilizer + topdressing", but long-term reliance on chemical fertilizers has led to soil degradation, fruit quality decline, and environmental pollution, and other problems have become increasingly prominent. On the other hand, although the existing organic fertilizers on the market have solved the problem of excessive use of chemical fertilizers to some extent, the nutrient ratio of the existing organic fertilizers is out of line with the fertilizer requirement law of guavasteen, and they cannot provide sufficient nutrients for the growth and development of guavasteen, and cannot effectively improve the yield and quality of guavasteen. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a guavasteen special-purpose organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a guavasteen special-purpose organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following solutions.

[0005] One of the technical solutions of the present application is a guavasteen special-purpose organic fertilizer, wherein the raw materials include, by mass fraction, 60-70 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 5-8 parts of durian shell biochar, 3-5 parts of amino acid chelate salt, 1-3 parts of oat extract, 1-3 parts of trehalose, and 0.3-0.5 parts of compound microbial agent.

[0006] The fermented organic fertilizer can provide comprehensive and sufficient nutrients for the growth and development of guavas, and provide a material basis for the growth and development and nutrient accumulation of guavas; the amino acid chelated salt can long-term provide various trace elements required for the growth and development of guavas, and promote the growth and development and nutrient accumulation of guavas; the compound microbial agent can promote the growth and development and nutrient accumulation of guavas through mechanisms such as producing plant hormones, inhibiting pathogenic bacteria and improving soil environment; the durian shell biochar can be used as a main carrier of the compound microbial agent, which is conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, promotes the exertion of the efficacy of the microorganisms, and can also optimize the living environment of guavas by improving the soil, thereby promoting the growth and development of guavas; the trehalose can stabilize the cell membrane structure of microorganisms, enhance the adhesion between bacteria, accelerate the construction of biofilm on the root surface, and prolong the survival time of the bacterial community; in addition, the trehalose can promote the formation of soil aggregates, enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity, and reduce nutrient leaching. The above components can effectively improve the yield of guavas and the content of nutrients in the fruits, especially the contents of sugar and VC.

[0007] Further, the preparation steps of the fermented organic fertilizer include: mixing cow dung, rice straw, guava leaves and bentonite to obtain a mixture; adding sodium selenate and a fermentation agent into the mixture, adjusting the water content to 50-60wt%, and then stacking and fermenting to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer.

[0008] Selenium can improve the degradation efficiency of organic matter and the degree of humification in the compost, and also can regulate the enzyme activity in various physiological processes of plants and promote the synthesis and secretion of plant endogenous growth hormones; bentonite can optimize the environment in the compost, promote carbon and nitrogen cycles, and promote the decomposition of organic matter; moreover, bentonite can also improve the soil structure. The fermented organic fertilizer obtained by adding sodium selenate and bentonite not only has more complete degradation of organic matter, but also is more conducive to the absorption and utilization of guavas, and can improve the living environment of guavas through the addition of bentonite and play a growth-promoting role through the addition of selenium, thereby effectively improving the yield of guavas and the contents of sugar and VC in the fruits.

[0009] In addition, the present application uses cow dung, rice straw and guava leaves as fermentation raw materials, which can provide more comprehensive nutrients for the growth and development of guavas. Especially, the guava leaves contain rich organic matter and minerals, and the nutrient components contained are consistent with the requirements of guava growth, which is conducive to the balanced nutrition and healthy growth of guavas.

[0010] Further, the fermentation agent includes yeast and Bacillus cereus.

[0011] Yeast can quickly decompose organic matter such as sugars and cellulose, produce acids (such as acetic acid and citric acid) to lower the pH value and inhibit the reproduction of spoilage bacteria; Bacillus cereus can continuously decompose lignin and protein and other difficult-to-degrade substances; the two can work together to effectively improve the fermentation degree and the quality of the fermented organic fertilizer, making it more beneficial for guavas to absorb and utilize.

[0012] Further, the mass ratio (in terms of dry matter) of the cow dung, rice straw, guava leaves and bentonite is 8-10:2-3:2-3:1-2.

[0013] Further, the addition amount of the sodium selenate in the mixture is 2-4 mg / kg (wherein the mass of the mixture is in terms of dry matter).

[0014] Further, the addition amount of the yeast in the mixture is 2-4 mg / kg (wherein the mass of the mixture is in terms of dry matter).

[0015] Further, the addition amount of the Bacillus cereus in the mixture is 2-4 mg / kg (wherein the mass of the mixture is in terms of dry matter).

[0016] Further, the heap fermentation comprises: first fermenting at 35-40℃ for 7-9 days, and then fermenting at 45-50℃ for 8-10 days.

[0017] Further, the preparation step of the oat extract comprises: crushing the oat, adding an ethanol solution for ultrasonic extraction for 2-3 h, filtering after the ultrasonic extraction, concentrating and drying the filtrate to obtain the oat extract.

[0018] The oat extract is rich in melatonin, which can improve the yield of guavas and the content of sugar and VC in the fruits.

[0019] Further, the concentration of the ethanol solution is 30-50 vol%, the mass-volume ratio of the oat and the ethanol solution is 1 g:5-7 mL; and the power of the ultrasonic extraction is 300-400 W.

[0020] Further, the preparation step of the amino acid chelate salt comprises: dissolving glutamic acid, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax and ammonium molybdate in water, adjusting the pH to 6-7, heating for 8-10 h, then standing, centrifuging and drying to obtain the amino acid chelate salt.

[0021] The synergistic effect of the elements in the combination of calcium, magnesium, zinc, boron and molybdenum can effectively improve the yield of guavas and the content of sugar and VC in the fruits. Specifically, boron can promote the transmembrane transport of calcium, and calcium can enhance the regulation of boron on the transport of sugar in phloem, and the two can form a "sugar accumulation-cell wall reinforcement" cycle; magnesium and zinc can effectively promote photosynthesis and improve the accumulation of organic matter in the fruit; boron promotes sugar transport, molybdenum enhances nitrogen metabolism and promotes the activity of VC synthesis enzyme, and the synergistic effect of the two can effectively improve the distribution efficiency of photosynthetic products to the fruit and increase the content of sugar and VC in the fruit.

[0022] In addition, the medium trace elements in the present application use glutamic acid as a chelating carrier. Glutamic acid is an important nitrogen metabolism intermediate in plants, which can promote sugar synthesis by regulating glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Glutamic acid can also promote the synthesis of VC and increase the content of VC in the fruit.

[0023] Further, the mass ratio of calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax and ammonium molybdate is 5-8:5-8:2-3:2-3:1-2; the ratio of the sum of the mass of calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax and ammonium molybdate to the mass of glutamic acid is 1:8-10.

[0024] Further, the ratio of the sum of the mass of glutamic acid, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax and ammonium molybdate to the mass of water is 1g:10-12mL.

[0025] Further, the temperature of the heating reaction is 60-70℃.

[0026] Further, the complex microbial agent comprises Streptomyces, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhizophydium endogonium.

[0027] Streptomyces can produce plant hormones such as cytokinin, and Pseudomonas fluorescens can produce plant hormones such as gibberellin and indole acetic acid, which can effectively promote the growth and development of guavas; Streptomyces and Pseudomonas fluorescens can also secrete substances that inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and improve the stress resistance of guavas; the exogenous hyphae of Rhizophydium endogonium have strong penetration ability and absorption, which can help guavas absorb nutrients, and also play an important role in improving the stress resistance of guavas, improving soil structure and microbial community structure; the synergistic effect of the three kinds of microorganisms can effectively improve the yield of guavas and the content of sugar and VC in the fruit.

[0028] Further, the mass ratio of Streptomyces, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhizophydium endogonium is 1-3:1-3:3-5.

[0029] Further, the preparation method of the durian shell biochar comprises the following steps: drying and crushing the durian shell to obtain durian shell powder; and carbonizing the durian shell powder to obtain the durian shell biochar.

[0030] The durian shell biochar is loose and porous, has strong adsorption and water retention, and can be used as a main carrier of a compound microbial agent to provide a suitable environment for the survival and release of microorganisms and facilitate the growth and reproduction of the microorganisms.

[0031] Further, the carbonization temperature is 600-650 DEG C, and the carbonization time is 1-3 hours.

[0032] The second technical solution of the present application is the preparation method of the guava special organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: mixing the durian shell biochar, trehalose and compound microbial agent to obtain a microbial carrier compound; and mixing the microbial carrier compound with the fermented organic fertilizer, amino acid chelate salt and oat extract to obtain the guava special organic fertilizer.

[0033] The present application discloses the following technical effects:

[0034] The present application provides a guava special organic fertilizer, which comprises the following raw materials: fermented organic fertilizer 60-70 parts, durian shell biochar 5-8 parts, amino acid chelate salt 3-5 parts, oat extract 1-3 parts, trehalose 1-3 parts and compound microbial agent 0.3-0.5 parts. The above components can synergistically improve the yield of guava, and increase the soluble sugar content and VC content of the fruit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The various exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the present application, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present application.

[0036] It should be understood that the terms described in the present application are only used to describe the specific embodiments, and are not used to limit the present application. In addition, for the numerical range in the present application, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper limit and the lower limit of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value in the range, and any other stated value or intermediate value in the range, is also included in the present application. The upper limit and the lower limit of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0037] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application, the preferred methods and materials are described. All publications mentioned herein are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials in connection with which the publications are cited. In case of conflict, the content of the present specification will control.

[0038] Many modifications and variations of the present application described in the specific embodiments of the application can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Other implementations of the application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. The specification and examples given are exemplary only.

[0039] As used herein, the terms "comprise", "comprising", "include", "including", "have", "having" and the like are open-ended terms that are intended to mean "including but not limited to".

[0040] It should be noted that the present application does not describe in detail the conventional operation means in the art, and is not the focus of the present application.

[0041] Psidium guajava L. is a plant of Myrtaceae Psidium, commonly known as guava, chicken shit fruit, and so on. The fruit is a berry, sweet and crisp, and is loved by consumers. Psidium guajava L. can bloom and bear fruit all year round, and fresh fruit is supplied to the market all year round. Psidium guajava L. fruit can be processed into guava juice, dried fruit, canned fruit, jam, jelly and other products; Psidium guajava L. leaves can be processed into tea products, and Psidium guajava L. leaves and bark are also used to extract aromatic oil, which is an important raw material for light industry; Psidium guajava L. branches are hard and have fine texture, which can be used for furniture or wood carving; Psidium guajava L. has developed root system, and has the advantages of lush branches and leaves, beautiful posture, evergreen, etc., and can be used for landscaping and street greening; Psidium guajava L. seed oil can be used as edible oil, and Psidium guajava L. pollen contains protein, calcium, iron, zinc and other nutrients, which can be processed into pollen capsules, beverages, oral liquids, etc. It can be seen that Psidium guajava L. is a treasure, and has important economic value.

[0042] Psidium guajava grows in tropical and subtropical regions with good hydrothermal conditions. The orchard soil is strongly weathered and leached, with serious nutrient loss and low fertilizer utilization rate. In particular, the soil organic matter decomposes quickly, and the content of medium and trace elements is low, which may limit the growth and development of Psidium guajava, resulting in low yield or poor quality or even deterioration. In addition, Psidium guajava can be harvested multiple times a year, and the leaves are frequently pruned, resulting in a relatively large amount of nutrient loss. Farmers generally use high-concentration balanced compound fertilizers with a single application of 15-15-15 or 16-16-16, without adjusting the nutrient ratio according to the growth characteristics and nutrient requirements of Psidium guajava plants. At the same time, most farmers do not pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer and medium and trace element fertilizer, resulting in deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient imbalance in Psidium guajava orchards, which restricts the stable yield of fruit trees and limits the commodity quality of fruit.

[0043] Organic fertilizer is a kind of farmyard manure derived from nature, rich in biological substances, animal and plant residues, feces and waste, etc., which provides crops with rich and balanced nutrition. In organic fertilizer, various organic substances release a large amount of nutrients after decomposition and transformation. Compared with traditional chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizer has more comprehensive nutrients, which not only meets the basic needs of crop growth, but also provides many trace elements and beneficial microorganisms to help crops better adapt to the environment and resist diseases and pests. The large amount of beneficial substances and rich nutrient elements in organic fertilizer can effectively control soil acidification and improve soil nutrient content, providing comprehensive nutrients and long-term fertilizer efficiency for crop growth.

[0044] Medium and trace element fertilizer refers to a fertilizer containing medium elements (calcium, magnesium, sulfur) and trace elements (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, chlorine, etc.) required for plant growth. Although the demand for these elements by plants is much lower than that for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other macronutrients, they are the key substance basis for normal metabolism, stress resistance and high yield and quality of crops. Medium and trace element fertilizer is a "essential nutrient" for crop health, although the amount is small, but it can achieve yield increase and quality improvement through balancing nutrition, activating metabolism, and enhancing resistance, etc.

[0045] In addition, in addition to organic fertilizer and medium and trace element fertilizer, microbial inoculant is also an optional way to improve crop yield and quality. Microbial inoculant is rich in beneficial soil microorganisms, which are an important component of soil ecosystem, and play a key role in improving soil structure, regulating soil nutrient balance, affecting crop production and maintaining soil ecological balance. At the same time, microorganisms are also considered as the most potential biological sensitive index, which can quickly reflect the changes of soil quality.

[0046] If the advantages of organic fertilizer, medium and trace element fertilizer and microbial inoculant can be combined, a special organic fertilizer for Psidium guajava that can effectively improve the yield and quality of Psidium guajava will have very broad application prospects.

[0047] The raw materials used in the following examples and comparative examples, including various microbial agents, are all commercially available products. Among them, the effective viable bacterial count of yeast is 2x10 9 CFU / g; the effective viable bacterial count of Bacillus cereus is 2x10 9 CFU / g; the effective viable bacterial count of Pseudomonas fluorescens is 1x10 9 CFU / g; the effective viable bacterial count of Streptomyces is 2x10 9 CFU / g; and the effective viable spore content of Rhizopogon laccatum is 50 / g.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] An organic fertilizer special for durian, the raw material composition of which is, in mass fraction: fermented organic fertilizer 60 parts, durian shell biochar 5 parts, amino acid chelate salt 3 parts, oat extract 1 part, trehalose 1 part, and compound microbial agent 0.3 part.

[0050] The preparation steps are as follows: mixing the durian shell biochar, trehalose and compound microbial agent, and stirring uniformly to obtain a microbial carrier compound; mixing the microbial carrier compound with the fermented organic fertilizer, amino acid chelate salt and oat extract, and stirring uniformly to obtain the organic fertilizer special for durian.

[0051] The preparation steps of the fermented organic fertilizer are as follows: mixing cow dung, rice straw, durian leaves and bentonite in a mass ratio of 8:2:2:1 (calculated based on the dry matter of each raw material, i.e. the mass after excluding water content), and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture; adding sodium selenate, yeast and Bacillus cereus to the mixture (the addition amount of sodium selenate in the mixture is 2 mg / kg, the addition amount of yeast in the mixture is 2 mg / kg, and the addition amount of Bacillus cereus in the mixture is 2 mg / kg, and the mass of the mixture is calculated based on the dry matter), adjusting the water content to 50 wt%, and then stacking and fermenting (firstly, stacking and fermenting at 35-40℃ for 7 days, and then stacking and fermenting at 45-50℃ for 8 days) to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer;

[0052] The preparation steps of the durian shell biochar are as follows: drying and crushing the durian shell to pass through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain durian shell powder; carbonizing the durian shell powder at 600℃ for 1 h, and grinding the carbonized product to pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the durian shell biochar;

[0053] The preparation steps of the amino acid chelate salt are as follows: dissolving 120 g of glutamic acid, 5 g of calcium chloride, 5 g of magnesium sulfate, 2 g of zinc sulfate, 2 g of borax and 1 g of ammonium molybdate in 1350 mL of water, adjusting the pH to 6, heating and stirring at 60℃ for 8 h, then standing for 24 h, centrifuging, and drying to obtain the amino acid chelate salt;

[0054] The preparation steps of the oat extract are as follows: drying the oat, crushing the dried oat to pass through a 60-mesh sieve, adding 30vol% ethanol solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:5mL, ultrasonic extraction for 2h at a power of 300W, filtering after the ultrasonic extraction, and concentrating and drying the filtrate to obtain the oat extract;

[0055] The complex microbial agent is mixed by streptomyces, pseudomonas fluorescens and rhizopogon rubescens at a mass ratio of 1:1:3.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] The special organic fertilizer for durian is prepared from 65 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 6 parts of durian shell biochar, 4 parts of amino acid chelate salt, 2 parts of oat extract, 2 parts of trehalose and 0.4 parts of complex microbial agent.

[0058] The preparation steps are as follows: mixing the durian shell biochar, trehalose and complex microbial agent, and stirring uniformly to obtain a microbial carrier compound; and mixing the microbial carrier compound with the fermented organic fertilizer, amino acid chelate salt and oat extract, and stirring uniformly to obtain the special organic fertilizer for durian.

[0059] The preparation steps of the fermented organic fertilizer are as follows: mixing cow dung, rice straw, durian leaves and bentonite at a mass ratio of 9:2:3:1 (calculated based on the dry matter of each raw material, i.e. the mass excluding the water content), and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture; adding sodium selenate, yeast and bacillus cereus to the mixture (the addition amount of sodium selenate in the mixture is 3mg / kg, the addition amount of yeast in the mixture is 3mg / kg, and the addition amount of bacillus cereus in the mixture is 3mg / kg, and the mass of the mixture is calculated based on the dry matter), adjusting the water content to 55wt%, and then stacking and fermenting (firstly, stacking and fermenting at 35-40℃ for 8 days, and then stacking and fermenting at 45-50℃ for 9 days) to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer;

[0060] The preparation steps of the durian shell biochar are as follows: drying the durian shell, crushing the dried durian shell to pass through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain durian shell powder; carbonizing the durian shell powder at 620℃ for 2h, and grinding the carbonized product to pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the durian shell biochar;

[0061] The preparation steps of the amino acid chelate salt are as follows: dissolving 180g of glutamic acid, 7g of calcium chloride, 6g of magnesium sulfate, 2g of zinc sulfate, 3g of borax and 2g of ammonium molybdate in 2200mL of water, adjusting the pH to 6.5, heating and stirring at 65℃ for 9h, then standing for 24h, centrifuging, and drying to obtain the amino acid chelate salt;

[0062] The preparation steps of the oat extract are as follows: drying the oat, crushing the dried oat to pass through a 60-mesh sieve, adding 40vol% ethanol solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:6mL, ultrasonic extraction for 2.5h at a power of 350W, filtering after the ultrasonic extraction, and concentrating and drying the filtrate to obtain the oat extract;

[0063] The complex microbial agent is mixed by streptomyces, pseudomonas fluorescens and rhizopogon rubescens at a mass ratio of 1:2:4.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] The special organic fertilizer for durian is prepared from 70 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 8 parts of durian shell biochar, 5 parts of amino acid chelate salt, 3 parts of oat extract, 3 parts of trehalose and 0.5 parts of complex microbial agent.

[0066] The preparation steps are as follows: mixing the durian shell biochar, trehalose and complex microbial agent, and stirring uniformly to obtain a microbial carrier compound; and mixing the microbial carrier compound with the fermented organic fertilizer, amino acid chelate salt and oat extract, and stirring uniformly to obtain the special organic fertilizer for durian.

[0067] The preparation steps of the fermented organic fertilizer are as follows: mixing cow dung, rice straw, durian leaves and bentonite at a mass ratio of 10:3:3:2 (calculated by the dry matter of each raw material, i.e. the mass excluding the water content), and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture; adding sodium selenate, yeast and bacillus cereus to the mixture (the addition amount of sodium selenate in the mixture is 4mg / kg, the addition amount of yeast in the mixture is 4mg / kg, and the addition amount of bacillus cereus in the mixture is 4mg / kg, and the mass of the mixture is calculated by the dry matter), adjusting the water content to 60wt%, and then stacking and fermenting (firstly, stacking and fermenting at 35-40℃ for 9 days, and then stacking and fermenting at 45-50℃ for 10 days) to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer;

[0068] The preparation steps of the durian shell biochar are as follows: drying the durian shell, crushing the dried durian shell to pass through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain durian shell powder; carbonizing the durian shell powder at 650℃ for 3h, and grinding the carbonized product to pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the durian shell biochar;

[0069] The preparation steps of the amino acid chelate salt are as follows: dissolving 240g of glutamic acid, 8g of calcium chloride, 8g of magnesium sulfate, 3g of zinc sulfate, 3g of borax and 2g of ammonium molybdate in 3000mL of water, adjusting the pH to 7, heating and stirring at 70℃ for 10h, then standing for 24h, centrifuging, and drying to obtain the amino acid chelate salt;

[0070] The preparation steps of the oat extract are as follows: drying the oat, crushing the dried oat to pass through a 60-mesh sieve, adding 50vol% ethanol solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:7mL, ultrasonic extraction for 3h at an ultrasonic power of 400W, filtering after the ultrasonic extraction, and concentrating and drying the filtrate to obtain the oat extract;

[0071] The complex microbial agent is mixed by streptomyces, pseudomonas fluorescens and rhizopogon rubescens at a mass ratio of 3:3:5.

[0072] Comparative Example 1

[0073] The preparation steps of the fermented organic fertilizer are as follows: mixing the cow dung, rice straw and bentonite at a mass ratio of 8:4:1 (based on the dry matter of each raw material, i.e. the mass after excluding the water content), stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture; adding sodium selenate, yeast and bacillus cereus in the mixture (the addition amount of sodium selenate in the mixture is 2mg / kg, the addition amount of yeast in the mixture is 2mg / kg, and the addition amount of bacillus cereus in the mixture is 2mg / kg, and the mass of the mixture is based on the dry matter), adjusting the water content to 50wt%, and then stacking and fermenting (firstly fermenting at 35-40℃ for 7 days, and then fermenting at 45-50℃ for 8 days) to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer.

[0074] Comparative Example 2

[0075] The preparation steps of the fermented organic fertilizer are as follows: mixing the cow dung, rice straw and guava leaves at a mass ratio of 4:1:1 (based on the dry matter of each raw material, i.e. the mass after excluding the water content), stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture; adding sodium selenate, yeast and bacillus cereus in the mixture (the addition amount of sodium selenate in the mixture is 2mg / kg, the addition amount of yeast in the mixture is 2mg / kg, and the addition amount of bacillus cereus in the mixture is 2mg / kg, and the mass of the mixture is based on the dry matter), adjusting the water content to 50wt%, and then stacking and fermenting (firstly fermenting at 35-40℃ for 7 days, and then fermenting at 45-50℃ for 8 days) to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer.

[0076] Comparative Example 3

[0077] The same as example 1, the only difference is that the preparation steps of the fermented organic fertilizer are as follows: the cow dung, rice straw, guava leaves and bentonite are mixed in a mass ratio of 8:2:2:1 (calculated by the dry matter of each raw material, i.e. the mass excluding the moisture content), stirred uniformly to obtain a mixture; sodium selenate and Bacillus cereus are added to the mixture (the addition amount of sodium selenate in the mixture is 2 mg / kg, and the addition amount of Bacillus cereus in the mixture is 4 mg / kg, and the mass of the mixture is calculated by dry matter), the moisture content is adjusted to 50 wt%, and then the fermentation is carried out by stacking (firstly fermented at 35-40℃ for 7 days, and then fermented at 45-50℃ for 8 days) to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer.

[0078] Comparative example 4

[0079] The same as example 1, the only difference is that the cow dung, rice straw, guava leaves and bentonite are mixed in a mass ratio of 8:2:2:1 (calculated by the dry matter of each raw material, i.e. the mass excluding the moisture content), stirred uniformly to obtain a mixture; yeast and Bacillus cereus are added to the mixture (the addition amount of yeast in the mixture is 2 mg / kg, and the addition amount of Bacillus cereus in the mixture is 2 mg / kg, and the mass of the mixture is calculated by dry matter), the moisture content is adjusted to 50 wt%, and then the fermentation is carried out by stacking (firstly fermented at 35-40℃ for 7 days, and then fermented at 45-50℃ for 8 days) to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer.

[0080] Comparative example 5

[0081] The same as example 1, the only difference is that the equal mass of durian shell biochar is replaced by peanut shell biochar, and the preparation steps of the peanut shell biochar are as follows: the peanut shell is dried, crushed and passed through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain peanut shell powder; the peanut shell powder is carbonized at 600℃ for 1h, and the carbonized product is ground through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the peanut shell biochar.

[0082] Comparative example 6

[0083] The same as example 1, the only difference is that the preparation steps of the amino acid chelate salt are as follows: 120g of glutamic acid, 5g of calcium chloride, 5g of magnesium sulfate, 4g of zinc sulfate and 1g of ammonium molybdate are dissolved in 1350mL of water, the pH is adjusted to 6, heated and stirred at 60℃ for 8h, then placed for 24h, centrifuged and dried to obtain the amino acid chelate salt.

[0084] Comparative example 7

[0085] The same as example 1, the only difference is that the preparation steps of the amino acid chelate salt are as follows: 120g of glutamic acid, 5g of calcium chloride, 5g of magnesium sulfate, 4g of borax and 1g of ammonium molybdate are dissolved in 1350mL of water, the pH is adjusted to 6, heated and stirred at 60℃ for 8h, then placed for 24h, centrifuged and dried to obtain the amino acid chelate salt.

[0086] Comparative Example 8

[0087] The same as Example 1, except that the preparation of oat extract is as follows: the sun-dried oat is crushed to pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and then 10 vol% ethanol solution is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:5 mL for ultrasonic extraction for 2 h at a power of 300 W. After ultrasonic extraction, the extract is filtered, concentrated and dried to obtain the oat extract.

[0088] Comparative Example 9

[0089] The same as Example 1, except that the complex microbial agent is prepared by mixing Streptomyces and Rhizopogon in a mass ratio of 2:3.

[0090] Comparative Example 10

[0091] The same as Example 1, except that the complex microbial agent is prepared by mixing Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhizopogon in a mass ratio of 2:3.

[0092] Test Example

[0093] A 4-year-old 'Pearl' guava orchard in a certain place in Guangdong is selected as the test field (the planting row spacing is about 4x3 m), and experimental plots are randomly divided, with 100 m 2 The number of fruit trees in each experimental plot is the same, and the fertilizer efficiency test of the guava special organic fertilizer prepared by the examples and comparative examples of the application is carried out, and the test groups use the organic fertilizers prepared by Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5, and the control group applies the composted and decomposed cow dung. The specific fertilization method is as follows: before the 'Pearl' guava tree sprouts, 1 time of fertilizer is applied in the ditch, 5 kg per plant; after the flowers fall, 1 time of fertilizer is applied in the ditch, 5 kg per plant; other fertilization, watering and pesticide management are carried out according to the conventional management method of 'Pearl' guava in the region. After the first fruit matures, the yield per mu is calculated, and the soluble sugar content (anthrone method) and VC content (2,6-dichloroindophenol titration method) in the fruit are measured, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0094] Table 1

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] As can be seen from Table 1, the guava special organic fertilizer prepared by the application can significantly improve the yield of guava and improve the economic benefit when planting 'Pearl' guava. It can also significantly improve the soluble sugar and VC content in guava fruit, and the obtained guava has high nutritional value, is sweet and sour, and has excellent quality.

[0098] In addition, the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-10 can prove the synergistic effect of the components in the raw materials, i.e. any change in the components of the raw materials will result in a decrease in the yield of Psidium guajava and the content of soluble sugar and VC in the fruits.

[0099] The above-described examples are only used to describe the preferred modes of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Without departing from the design spirit of the present application, various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A guava-specific organic fertilizer, characterized by, The raw materials include, by mass fraction, fermented organic fertilizer 60-70 parts, durian shell biochar 5-8 parts, amino acid chelate salt 3-5 parts, oat extract 1-3 parts, trehalose 1-3 parts and compound microbial agent 0.3-0.5 parts; The preparation steps of the fermented organic fertilizer include: mixing cow dung, rice straw, guava leaves and bentonite to obtain a mixture; adding sodium selenate and fermentation agent to the mixture, adjusting the water content to 50-60 wt%, and then stacking and fermenting to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer; The fermentation agent includes yeast and Bacillus cereus; The preparation steps of the amino acid chelate salt include: dissolving glutamic acid, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax and ammonium molybdate in water, adjusting the pH to 6-7, heating for 8-10 h, then standing, centrifuging and drying to obtain the amino acid chelate salt; The compound microbial agent includes Streptomyces, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhizopogon.

2. The special organic fertilizer for Psidium guajava according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the cow dung, rice straw, guava leaves and bentonite is 8-10:2-3:2-3:1-2; And / or, the addition amount of the sodium selenate in the mixture is 2-4 mg / kg; And / or, the addition amount of the yeast in the mixture is 2-4 mg / kg; And / or, the addition amount of the Bacillus cereus in the mixture is 2-4 mg / kg; And / or, the stacking and fermentation includes: first fermenting at 35-40 DEG C for 7-9 days, and then fermenting at 45-50 DEG C for 8-10 days.

3. The special organic fertilizer for Psidium guajava according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation steps of the oat extract include: crushing oat, adding ethanol solution for ultrasonic extraction for 2-3 h, filtering after ultrasonic extraction, concentrating and drying the filtrate to obtain the oat extract.

4. The special organic fertilizer for Psidium guajava according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the durian shell biochar includes: drying and crushing durian shell to obtain durian shell powder; carbonizing the durian shell powder to obtain the durian shell biochar.

5. The special organic fertilizer for Psidium guajava according to claim 4, characterized in that, The carbonization temperature is 600-650 DEG C, and the time is 1-3 h.

6. The preparation method of the guava-specific organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Mixing the durian shell biochar, trehalose and compound microbial agent to obtain a microbial carrier compound; mixing the microbial carrier compound with the fermented organic fertilizer, amino acid chelate salt and oat extract to obtain the guava special organic fertilizer.

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