Device and method for efficiently and dynamically regulating and controlling magnetic circuit of single-phase induction motor

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of motors, and discloses a magnetic circuit efficient dynamic regulation and control device and method for a single-phase induction motor, and the structure of the device comprises a single-phase motor, a rotor, a stator, and a regulation and control device. A motor drives a first rotating piece and an inclined plate located on the first rotating piece to rotate at an inclined angle together, so that a push rod on the top of the inclined plate and a magnetic conductive ring located on the push rod are driven to move front and back and can be inserted into an air gap of a stator, and a magnetic field generated by a main working winding is efficiently adjusted by moving the magnetic conductive ring; during insertion, the magnetic field is enhanced, the starting torque of the motor is improved, the starting current impact is reduced, the cost and the fault rate are reduced, when the single-phase motor is in light-load operation, the magnetic conductive ring is moved to exit from the air gap, and through active flux weakening, the iron loss can be reduced and the system efficiency can be improved in the light-load operation, so that the energy-saving significance on electric appliances in long-term operation is great.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of motors, and in particular relates to a device and method for efficiently and dynamically controlling the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor. Background Art

[0002] A single-phase induction motor, also known as a single-phase asynchronous motor, is an asynchronous motor driven by a single-phase AC power supply. It is widely used in household appliances and small industrial equipment. The motor consists of a main winding and an auxiliary winding. A phase-difference magnetic field is formed by a capacitor or resistor to achieve self-starting. After starting, the motor is usually maintained only by the main winding. It has the advantages of simple structure, low maintenance cost, and low noise. However, existing single-phase motors rely on starting capacitors or resistors to generate a rotating magnetic field, resulting in a starting torque that is usually less than the rated torque and a large starting current. This application proposes a device and method for efficiently and dynamically controlling the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor to improve the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a device and method for efficiently and dynamically controlling the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor capable of increasing the starting torque of the single-phase motor.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A device and method for efficiently dynamically controlling the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor. The device includes a single-phase motor, a capacitor junction box, fan blades, and a fan cover. The capacitor junction box is installed on the top of the single-phase motor. Fan blades capable of dissipating heat from the motor are also installed inside the single-phase motor. The fan blades are built into the fan cover, and the fan cover is installed on the single-phase motor.

[0005] In a specific possible implementation scheme, the single-phase motor also includes a rotor, a stator and a control device. The outer wall of the stator is connected to the single-phase motor. The rotor is installed at the center of the stator. The control device is installed on the rotor. The fan blades are located on the rotor. The control device is connected and fixed to the interior of the single-phase motor through a connecting column at the bottom.

[0006] In a specific possible implementation scheme, the control device includes a motor, a first rotating part, a reciprocating part, a second rotating part, a connecting plate, a magnetic ring and a permanent magnet. The motor is connected to the connecting column and installed inside the single-phase motor. The motor is a small stepping motor, and the output end is connected to the first rotating part. The first rotating part rotates with the reciprocating part through a bearing, and the other side of the reciprocating part rotates with the second rotating part through a bearing. The second rotating part has the same structure as the first rotating part, and the rotating surfaces of the first rotating part and the second rotating part are inclined surfaces. The second rotating part is rotatably fitted with a connecting plate, and the second rotating part will rotate on the connecting plate. The top of the connecting plate is connected to the rotor through a rotating bearing. The other end of the reciprocating part is connected to the magnetic ring and can drive the magnetic ring to move. A permanent magnet is installed on the back side of the magnetic ring. The magnetic pole of the permanent magnet is the N pole, and the magnetic ring is a stack of silicon steel sheets.

[0007] In a specific possible implementation scheme, the reciprocating part includes an inclined plate, a universal ball, a push rod and a connecting block. The two sides of the inclined plate are rotatably connected to the first rotating part and the second rotating part. The top of the inclined plate is rotatably engaged with a universal ball. One side of the universal ball is connected to the push rod. The other end of the push rod is rotatably engaged with a connecting block. The connecting block is connected to the magnetic ring and can drive the magnetic ring to move.

[0008] In a specific feasible implementation scheme, a limit frame is installed on the top of the motor, and the limit frame slides with the connecting block. The connecting block is located inside the limit frame. The limit frame can limit the movement of the connecting block so that the connecting block can only move forward and backward.

[0009] In a specific possible implementation scheme, the stator includes an auxiliary slot and a drive coil. The tooth root of the stator is provided with an auxiliary slot, and the drive coil is embedded in the auxiliary slot. The drive coil is parallel to the axial direction of the single-phase motor and aligned with the center of the permanent magnet. The drive coil is electrically connected and driven by an external control unit, and a magnetic shielding layer is provided between the drive coil and the main winding on the stator. The shielding layer is formed by stacking Permalloy sheets and is isolated from the main working magnetic circuit by the magnetic shielding layer, so as not to affect the operation of the main working magnetic circuit.

[0010] In a specific possible implementation scheme, the rotor includes an end cover, a filter screen and a guide mechanism. The end cover is installed on a single-phase motor to protect the inside of the motor. The end cover is provided with a plurality of air holes and a filter screen is installed. A guide mechanism is provided on one side of the end cover. The guide mechanism is connected to the rotor and can rotate with the rotor.

[0011] In a specific feasible implementation scheme, the guide mechanism includes a fixed ring, a sponge brush, an L-plate and a guide block. The fixed ring is installed on the rotor. A sponge brush is installed on the side of the fixed ring close to the filter screen. The position of the sponge brush corresponds to the filter screen. An L-plate is fixed on the other side of the fixed ring. Several guide blocks are arrayed on the L-plate, and the guide blocks are alternately arranged on the L-plate.

[0012] In a specific possible implementation scheme, the guide block has a wave-shaped structure, and a locking ball is installed at the bottom. The locking ball rotates with a plurality of locking slots on the L-plate, so that the guide block can be universally rotated on the L-plate.

[0013] In a specific feasible implementation method, a method for efficiently and dynamically controlling the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor is described as follows: S1: When the single-phase motor starts, the control unit drives the motor to rotate, driving the first rotating member to rotate. The first rotating member drives the swash plate to rotate tiltedly under the rotation of the second rotating member, causing the push rod to move back and forth. The push rod is limited by the limit frame, driving the magnetic ring to move forward and backward; S2, a magnetic ring is inserted into the air gap between the stator and the rotor to adjust the magnetic field generated by the coil; At S3, at the same time, the single-phase motor start signal is detected, and the external control module passes a positive current to the drive coil, generating an attractive force to drive the permanent magnet and the magnetic ring into the air gap; S4: When the insertion depth of the magnetic ring reaches the set value, the drive coil current and the motor are cut off, and the position of the magnetic ring is maintained by permanent magnetic attraction; S5, when running under light load, reverse current is passed through the driving coil to generate N-pole magnetic field. The permanent magnet is repelled outward by the repulsive force, and the motor is driven to rotate to move the push rod backward. Under the action of the push rod and the repulsive force, the magnetic ring is withdrawn from the air gap. S6, the rotor drives the fixed ring to rotate synchronously, and the filter screen on the end cover is cleaned by a sponge brush; S7, the fixed ring drives the L plate and the guide block to rotate, and the guide block adjusts the irregular angle under the action of its own gravity.

[0014] According to the technical solution proposed above, the device and method for efficiently and dynamically controlling the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention adds a control device to the single-phase induction motor, and uses the motor to drive the first rotating member and the inclined plate located on the first rotating member to rotate at an inclined angle, thereby driving the push rod on the top of the inclined plate and the magnetic ring located on the push rod to move back and forth and insert into the air gap of the stator. By moving the magnetic ring, the magnetic field generated by the main working winding is efficiently adjusted. By enhancing the magnetic field during insertion, the starting torque of the motor is improved, the starting current impact is reduced, and the cost and failure rate are reduced.

[0015] (2) The present invention moves the magnetic ring out of the air gap when the single-phase motor is running under light load, and through active magnetic weakening, it can reduce iron loss and improve system efficiency under light load, which is of great significance to energy saving of electrical appliances running for a long time.

[0016] (3) The present invention adds a permanent magnet to the magnetic ring, which cooperates with the driving coil on the stator. The driving coil is fed with a positive current to generate an S-pole magnetic field, thereby generating an attraction to the permanent magnet. The driving permanent magnet drives the magnetic ring to move and insert into the air gap, and cooperates with the control device to improve the electromagnetic regulation effect and speed of the magnetic ring. When the insertion depth of the magnetic ring reaches the set value, the current of the driving coil is cut off, and the position of the magnetic ring is maintained by the permanent magnetic attraction, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the control device.

[0017] (4) The present invention provides a guide mechanism on the rotor of the single-phase motor, and uses the sponge brush on the fixed ring to clean the filter on the end cover, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation inside the motor and the filtering effect of the filter. When the fixed ring rotates, it will synchronously drive the L-plate and several guide blocks to rotate. Under the action of rotation and the gravity of the guide blocks themselves, the guide blocks will be driven to rotate and adjust at irregular angles, thereby guiding and dispersing the wind blown in by the motor blades, and then entering the motor through the end cover to dissipate the heat of the motor, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation effect inside the single-phase motor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings: Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the high-efficiency dynamic control device for the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the control device in the embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control device in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the reciprocating member in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 This is the installation intention of the stator and the magnetic ring in the embodiment of this application; Figure 6 For the embodiment of this application Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of point A in the middle; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the generation of the magnetic field of the driving coil in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the guide mechanism in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 9This is a structural diagram of the guide mechanism in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 10 This is a schematic structural diagram of the guide block in an embodiment of the present application.

[0019] In the figure: single-phase motor 1, capacitor junction box 2, fan blade 3, fan cover 4, rotor 5, stator 6, control device 7, motor 71, first rotating member 72, reciprocating member 73, second rotating member 74, connecting plate 75, magnetic ring 76, permanent magnet 77, inclined plate 731, universal ball 732, push rod 733, connecting block 734, limit frame 711, auxiliary slot 61, drive coil 62, end cover 11, filter screen 12, guide mechanism 13, fixing ring 81, sponge brush 82, L-plate 83, guide block 84, and blocking ball 841. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0021] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-6 , the specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows: A device and method for efficiently dynamically controlling the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor are disclosed. The device includes a single-phase motor 1, a capacitor junction box 2, fan blades 3, and a fan cover 4. The capacitor junction box 2 is installed on the top of the single-phase motor 1. The single-phase motor 1 is also internally installed with fan blades 3 capable of dissipating heat from the motor. The fan blades 3 are built into the fan cover 4, and the fan cover 4 is installed on the single-phase motor 1.

[0022] See also Figure 2 The single-phase motor 1 also includes a rotor 5, a stator 6 and a control device 7. The outer wall of the stator 6 is connected to the single-phase motor 1. The rotor 5 is installed at the center of the stator 6. The control device 7 is installed on the rotor 5. The fan blades 3 are located on the rotor 5. The control device 7 is connected and fixed to the interior of the single-phase motor 1 through the connecting column at the bottom. The magnetic circuit inside the single-phase motor 1 can be adjusted by the control device 7.

[0023] See also Figure 3The regulating device 7 includes a motor 71, a first rotating member 72, a reciprocating member 73, a second rotating member 74, a connecting plate 75, a magnetic ring 76 and a permanent magnet 77. The motor 71 is connected to the connecting column and installed inside the single-phase motor 1. The motor 71 is a small stepping motor, and the output end is connected to the first rotating member 72. The first rotating member 72 rotates with the reciprocating member 73 through a bearing, and the other side of the reciprocating member 73 rotates with the second rotating member 74 through a bearing. The second rotating member 74 has the same structure as the first rotating member 72, and the rotating surfaces of the first rotating member 72 and the second rotating member 74 are inclined surfaces. The second rotating member 74 is rotatably fitted with a connecting plate 75. The second rotating member 74 will rotate on the connecting plate 75. The top of the connecting plate 75 is connected to the rotor 5 through a rotating bearing, which can play a balancing and stabilizing role in the installation of the control device 7. The other end of the reciprocating member 73 is connected to the magnetic ring 76, which can drive the magnetic ring 76 to move. A permanent magnet 77 is installed on the back side of the magnetic ring 76. The magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 77 is the N pole. The magnetic ring 76 is a stack of silicon steel sheets. A position sensor is built into the magnetic ring 76, which can detect the position of the magnetic ring in real time and feed back an electrical signal to the external control unit. When the position of the magnetic ring 76 inserted into the air gap reaches the target value, the control unit will stop the operation of the control device 7.

[0024] See also Figure 3-Figure 4 The reciprocating member 73 includes an inclined plate 731, a universal ball 732, a push rod 733 and a connecting block 734. The two sides of the inclined plate 731 are rotatably connected to the first rotating member 72 and the second rotating member 74. The top of the inclined plate 731 is rotatably engaged with the universal ball 732. One side of the universal ball 732 is connected to the push rod 733. The other end of the push rod 733 is rotatably engaged with the connecting block 734. The connecting block 734 is connected to the magnetic ring 76 and can drive the magnetic ring 76 to move.

[0025] See also Figure 3-Figure 4 A limit frame 711 is installed on the top of the motor 71. The limit frame 711 slides with the connecting block 734. The connecting block 734 is located inside the limit frame 711. The limit frame 711 can limit the movement of the connecting block 734, so that the connecting block 734 can only move forward and backward.

[0026] See also Figure 3-Figure 4The first rotating member 72 connected to it is driven to rotate by the motor 71. When the first rotating member 72 rotates, the inclined plate 731 connected to it is driven to rotate at an inclined angle under the rotation of the second rotating member 74, thereby driving the push rod 733 on the top of the inclined plate 731 to move back and forth. When the push rod 733 moves, the position of the connecting block 734 is limited by the limit frame 711, so that the push rod 733 can drive the connecting block 734 to move back and forth, thereby driving the magnetic ring 76 fixed to the connecting block 734 to move back and forth and insert it into the air gap between the stator 6 and the rotor 5. The magnetic field generated by the main working winding of the coil is adjusted by moving the magnetic ring 76. The magnetic ring 76 provides a low magnetic resistance path. With the high magnetic permeability (μ) of its material, it is much higher than that of air. Air μ≈μ0, according to the magnetic resistance formula R = l / (μ * A) When the length l and area A are similar, high magnetic permeability μ means low magnetic resistance R. Therefore, when inserting, it is equivalent to connecting a low magnetic resistance branch in parallel in the area. According to the principle of magnetic circuit shunt, more magnetic flux will be attracted to flow through this low magnetic resistance path, which will increase the local magnetic flux density in the target area and reduce the equivalent magnetic resistance of the air gap in the original path, thereby reducing the effective air gap at that location, reducing the magnetic resistance, and enhancing the magnetic field. When exiting, the low magnetic resistance branch is removed, increasing the magnetic resistance and weakening the magnetic field.

[0027] See also Figure 5 The stator 6 includes an auxiliary slot 61 and a drive coil 62. The auxiliary slot 61 is opened at the root of the teeth of the stator 6, and the drive coil 62 is embedded in the auxiliary slot 61. The drive coil 62 is parallel to the axial direction of the single-phase motor 1 and aligned with the center of the permanent magnet 77. The drive coil 62 is electrically connected and driven by an external control unit. A magnetic shielding layer is provided between the drive coil 62 and the main winding on the stator 6. The shielding layer is formed by laminating Permalloy sheets and is isolated from the main working magnetic circuit by the magnetic shielding layer, so as not to affect the operation of the main working magnetic circuit.

[0028] See also Figure 5-Figure 6 When the start signal of the single-phase motor 1 is detected, the external control module supplies a positive current to the drive coil 62, generating an S-pole magnetic field in the drive coil 62 area, thereby generating an attraction to the permanent magnet 77, driving the permanent magnet 77 to drive the magnetic ring 76 to move and insert into the air gap; when the insertion depth of the magnetic ring 76 reaches the set value, the current of the drive coil 62 is cut off, and the position of the magnetic ring 76 is maintained by the permanent magnetic attraction, and then a reverse current is supplied to the drive coil 62, thereby generating an N-pole magnetic field in the drive coil 62 area. At this time, the permanent magnet 77 will retreat outward due to the repulsive force.

[0029] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 7-Figure 9 , the specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows: See also Figure 7The rotor 5 includes an end cover 11, a filter 12 and a guide mechanism 13. The end cover 11 is installed on the single-phase motor 1 to protect the inside of the motor. The end cover 11 is provided with a plurality of air holes and a filter 12 is installed. The filter 12 can prevent a large amount of dust from entering the inside of the motor. A guide mechanism 13 is provided on one side of the end cover 11. The guide mechanism 13 is connected to the rotor 5 and can rotate with the rotor 5.

[0030] See also Figure 8 The guide mechanism 13 includes a fixed ring 81, a sponge brush 82, an L-plate 83 and a guide block 84. The fixed ring 81 is installed on the rotor 5. A sponge brush 82 is installed on the side of the fixed ring 81 close to the filter screen 12. The position of the sponge brush 82 corresponds to the filter screen 12 and can clean the filter screen 12. An L-plate 83 is fixed on the other side of the fixed ring 81. A plurality of guide blocks 84 are arrayed on the L-plate 83, and the plurality of guide blocks 84 are alternately arranged on the L-plate 83.

[0031] See also Figure 9 The guide block 84 has a wavy structure and a card ball 841 is installed at the bottom. The card ball 841 rotates with several card slots on the L plate 83 to enable the guide block 84 to rotate universally on the L plate 83, thereby adjusting the angle of the guide block 84.

[0032] See also Figure 8-Figure 9 When the motor rotor 5 is rotating, it will drive the connected fixing ring 81 to rotate synchronously, so that the filter screen 12 on the end cover 11 is cleaned with the help of the sponge brush 82 provided on the fixing ring 81, ensuring the heat dissipation inside the motor and the filtering effect of the filter screen 12, and when the fixing ring 81 is rotating, it will synchronously drive the L plate 83 and several guide blocks 84 located on the L plate 83 to rotate. Under the action of rotation and the action of the guide block 84's own gravity, the guide block 84 will be driven to rotate and adjust at an irregular angle on the L plate 83, so that the wind blown in by the motor blades 3 is guided and dispersed with the help of the wave structure, and then enters the interior of the motor through the end cover 11 to dissipate the heat of the motor.

[0033] Based on the above embodiment, the method for efficiently and dynamically controlling the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor is specifically used as follows: S1, when the single-phase motor 1 is started and used, the control unit drives the motor 71 inside the single-phase stand-alone unit 1 to operate, and the motor 71 drives the first rotating member 72 to rotate. When the first rotating member 72 rotates, it drives the inclined plate 731 connected thereto to rotate at an inclined angle under the rotation of the second rotating member 74, thereby driving the push rod 733 on the top of the inclined plate 731 to move back and forth. When moving, the push rod 733 is limited by the position of the limit frame 711, which enables the push rod 733 to drive the magnetic ring 76 to move forward and backward; S2, when the magnetic ring 76 is inserted into the air gap between the stator 6 and the rotor 5, the magnetic field generated by the main working winding of the coil is adjusted by moving the magnetic ring 76. The magnetic ring 76 provides a low magnetic resistance path. When inserted, it is equivalent to connecting a low magnetic resistance branch in parallel in the area. More magnetic flux will be attracted to flow through this low magnetic resistance path, which will increase the local magnetic flux density in the target area and reduce the equivalent magnetic resistance of the air gap of the original path, thereby reducing the effective air gap at that location, reducing the magnetic resistance, enhancing the magnetic field, improving the starting torque of the motor, reducing the starting current impact, and reducing costs and failure rates; At S3, when the start signal of the single-phase motor 1 is detected, the external control module supplies a positive current to the drive coil 62 provided in the stator 6, generating an S-pole magnetic field in the region of the drive coil 62, thereby generating an attraction force on the permanent magnet 77 on the magnetic ring 76. The permanent magnet 77 drives the magnetic ring 76 to move and insert into the air gap, thereby cooperating with the control device 7. S4, when the insertion depth of the magnetic ring 76 reaches the set value, the current of the drive coil 62 and the motor 71 in the control device 7 are cut off, and the position of the magnetic ring 76 is maintained by the permanent magnetic attraction; S5, when the single-phase motor 1 is running under light load, a reverse current is passed through the drive coil 62, thereby generating an N-pole magnetic field in the region of the drive coil 62. At this time, the permanent magnet 77 is repelled and withdraws outward. Then, the motor 71 is driven to rotate, which drives the push rod 733 to move back and forth. Under the repulsive force of the push rod 733 and the drive coil 62, the magnetic ring 76 is withdrawn from the air gap, thereby removing the low magnetic resistance branch, increasing the magnetic resistance, weakening the magnetic field, and improving the efficiency of the light load. S6, and when the single-phase motor 1 is running, the rotor 5 drives the connected fixed ring 81 to rotate synchronously, and the sponge brush 82 provided on the fixed ring 81 is used to clean the filter 12 on the end cover 11, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation inside the motor and the filtering effect of the filter 12; S7, when the fixing ring 81 rotates, it will synchronously drive the L-plate 83 and several guide blocks 84 located on the L-plate 83 to rotate. Under the action of rotation and the gravity of the guide blocks 84 themselves, the guide blocks 84 will be driven to rotate and adjust at irregular angles on the L-plate 83, thereby guiding and dispersing the wind blown in by the motor blades 3 with the help of the wave structure, and then enter the interior of the motor through the end cover 11 to dissipate heat from the motor, ensuring that the interior of the single-phase motor 1 will not increase heat accumulation due to the installation of the control device 7.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0035] The control method of the present invention is to control through a controller. The control circuit of the controller can be implemented by simple programming by technicians in this field. The provision of power is also common knowledge in this field, so the present invention will no longer explain the control method and circuit connection in detail.

[0036] The above is only a specific implementation method of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with this technical field can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in this application, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency dynamic control device for the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor, the device comprising a single-phase motor (1), a capacitor junction box (2) mounted on the top of the single-phase motor (1), a fan blade (3) disposed inside the single-phase motor (1), and a fan cover (4) located on one side of the single-phase motor (1), the single-phase motor (1) further comprising a rotor (5), a stator (6), and a control device (7), the outer wall of the stator (6) being connected to the single-phase motor (1), the rotor (5) being mounted at the center of the stator (6), the control device (7) being mounted on the rotor (5), the fan blade (3) being located on the rotor (5), and the control device (7) being connected to the inside of the single-phase motor (1) via a connecting column at the bottom; characterized in that: The control device (7) includes a motor (71), a first rotating member (72) located at the output end of the motor (71), a reciprocating member (73) for rotationally cooperating with the first rotating member (72) through a bearing, a second rotating member (74) provided at the other side of the reciprocating member (73) for rotationally cooperating, a connecting plate (75) for rotationally cooperating with the second rotating member (74), a magnetic ring (76) located at the other end of the reciprocating member (73), and a permanent magnet (77) installed on the back side of the magnetic ring (76), wherein the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet (77) is an N pole, and the magnetic ring (76) is a stack of silicon steel sheets; The stator (6) includes an auxiliary slot (61) and a drive coil (62). The tooth root of the stator (6) is provided with an auxiliary slot (61). The drive coil (62) is embedded in the auxiliary slot (61). The drive coil (62) is parallel to the axial direction of the single-phase motor (1) and aligned with the center of the permanent magnet (77). The drive coil (62) is electrically connected and driven by an external control unit. A magnetic shielding layer is provided between the drive coil (62) and the main winding on the stator (6). The shielding layer is formed by laminating Permalloy sheets and is isolated from the main working magnetic circuit by the magnetic shielding layer. The rotor (5) includes an end cover (11), a plurality of air holes provided on the end cover (11) and equipped with a filter screen (12), and a guide mechanism (13) located on one side of the end cover (11); The guide mechanism (13) comprises a fixed ring (81), a sponge brush (82) located on one side of the fixed ring (81) close to the filter screen (12), an L-plate (83) located on the other side of the fixed ring (81), and a plurality of guide blocks (84) arranged in an array on the L-plate (83), wherein the plurality of guide blocks (84) are arranged alternately on the L-plate (83).

2. The high-efficiency dynamic control device for the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reciprocating member (73) includes an inclined plate (731), a universal ball (732) rotatably engaged with the top of the inclined plate (731), a push rod (733) provided on one side of the universal ball (732), and a connecting block (734) rotatably engaged with the other end of the push rod (733). The connecting block (734) is connected to the magnetic ring (76) and can drive the magnetic ring (76) to move.

3. The high-efficiency dynamic control device for the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor according to claim 2, characterized in that: A limit frame (711) is installed on the top of the motor (71), the limit frame (711) is slidably engaged with the connection block (734), and the connection block (734) is located inside the limit frame (711).

4. The high-efficiency dynamic control device for the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide block (84) has a wave-shaped structure, and a clamping ball (841) is installed at the bottom. The clamping ball (841) is rotatably matched with a plurality of clamping slots on the L-plate (83), so that the guide block (84) can be universally rotated on the L-plate (83).

5. The high-efficiency dynamic control device for the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second rotating member (74) has the same structure as the first rotating member (72), and the rotating surfaces of the first rotating member (72) and the second rotating member (74) are inclined surfaces.

6. A method for efficiently and dynamically controlling the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor, characterized by: The high-efficiency dynamic control device for the magnetic circuit of a single-phase induction motor according to claim 5 is used, and its control method is as follows: S1, when the single-phase motor (1) is started, the control unit drives the motor (71) to operate, driving the first rotating member (72) to rotate, the first rotating member (72) drives the inclined plate (731) to rotate obliquely under the rotation of the second rotating member (74), causing the push rod (733) to move back and forth, the push rod (733) is limited by the limit frame (711), and drives the magnetic ring (76) to move forward and backward; S2, a magnetic ring (76) is inserted into the air gap between the stator (6) and the rotor (5) to adjust the magnetic field generated by the coil; S3, at the same time, a start signal of the single-phase motor (1) is detected, and the external control module passes a positive current to the drive coil (62), generating an attractive force to drive the permanent magnet (77) to drive the magnetic ring (76) to insert into the air gap; S4, when the insertion depth of the magnetic ring (76) reaches a set value, the current of the driving coil (62) and the motor (71) are cut off, and the position of the magnetic ring (76) is maintained by permanent magnetic attraction; S5, when running under light load, a reverse current is passed through the driving coil (62) to generate an N-pole magnetic field, and the permanent magnet (77) is repelled outward by the repulsive force, and the motor (71) is driven to rotate to move the push rod (733) backward, and the magnetic ring (76) is withdrawn from the air gap under the action of the push rod (733) and the repulsive force; S6, the rotor (5) drives the fixed ring (81) to rotate synchronously, and the filter screen (12) on the end cover (11) is cleaned by the sponge brush (82); S7, the fixed ring (81) drives the L plate (83) and the guide block (84) to rotate, and the guide block (84) is adjusted to an irregular angle under the action of its own gravity.

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