Fire energy separator for primary flue gas of converter

Abstract

The invention discloses a converter primary flue gas fire energy separator, which comprises a central air outlet cylinder body, an elliptical upper seal head, a straight cylinder section, a conical section, an ash bucket and a main support, the elliptical upper seal head is sleeved outside the central air outlet cylinder body, flue gas enters the straight cylinder section through an air inlet to generate high-speed rotating air flow, so that the flue gas is separated from particles with high fire energy; the separated flue gas enters subsequent equipment through the central air outlet barrel, and the separated fire energy particles enter the ash hopper through the conical section and then are discharged through the double-layer flap valve. After the flue gas passes through the fire energy separator, the ignition energy in the flue gas is smaller than the minimum ignition energy of the converter gas, high-energy kindling is effectively separated, the danger of flash explosion of the converter gas is avoided, and the safety of the system is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of waste heat recovery facilities for steelmaking converters in steel enterprises, and in particular to a converter primary flue gas fire energy separator. Background Art

[0002] During converter smelting, the primary flue gas temperature at the vaporization flue outlet of a conventional converter is 900°C to 1000°C. It then enters a wet or dry dust removal system, where it is typically cooled by water spray to approximately 200°C before purification and recovery. Therefore, the residual heat from the flue gas between 900°C and 200°C is wasted. The main reason this residual heat is not recovered is the risk of explosion in the converter gas at medium and low temperatures. From the thermodynamics of combustible gases, it is known that for a gas explosion to occur, the following three conditions must be met simultaneously:

[0003] 1) The mixture ratio of carbon monoxide and oxygen or air is within the explosion limit;

[0004] 2) Carbon monoxide is premixed with oxygen or air below the autoignition point (605-650°C);

[0005] 3) The system ignition energy is greater than the minimum ignition energy of converter gas.

[0006] Therefore, in order to safely recycle this heat, it is necessary to ensure that the above three conditions cannot be met simultaneously. This can be achieved by separating the high-energy particles in the system, so that the system ignition energy is less than the minimum ignition energy of the converter gas, thus ensuring system safety.

[0007] Since the temperature of the converter primary flue gas changes periodically from low temperature to high temperature to low temperature, the equipment for separating thermal energy must also be able to resist thermal shock. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a converter primary flue gas fire energy separator that can separate high-energy fire energy particles, so that the system ignition energy is less than the minimum ignition energy of the converter gas, ensuring the safety and stability of the converter gas waste heat recovery system.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0010] A converter primary flue gas thermal energy separator comprises a central air outlet cylinder, an elliptical upper head, a straight cylinder section, a conical section, an ash hopper and a main support;

[0011] The elliptical upper head includes an elliptical inner wall, an elliptical outer wall and a bottom plate. A cavity is formed between the elliptical inner wall and the elliptical outer wall. The cavity is filled with cooling water and a guide plate is provided to facilitate the flow of cooling water in the cavity. The bottom plate connects the elliptical inner wall and the elliptical outer wall. A water inlet and a water outlet are provided on the elliptical outer wall.

[0012] The elliptical upper head is covered on the outside of the central air outlet cylinder. The elliptical inner wall, the elliptical outer wall and the bottom plate are all connected to the central air outlet cylinder. An elliptical cavity is formed between the elliptical inner wall, the bottom plate and the central air outlet cylinder to prevent smoke from gathering. An exhaust port is set at the top of the elliptical cavity.

[0013] The upper end of the straight section is connected to the bottom plate of the elliptical upper head, and the lower end of the central air outlet cylinder extends into the straight section. An air inlet is provided on the side of the top of the straight section. The air inlet is located higher than the lower end surface of the central air outlet cylinder. The smoke enters the straight section through the air inlet, generating a high-speed rotating airflow.

[0014] An explosion relief valve is provided on the straight section;

[0015] The lower end of the straight section is connected to the conical section. Both the straight section and the conical section include an inner wall and an outer wall. A cavity is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall. The cavity is filled with cooling water. A plurality of T-shaped reinforcement ribs are arranged in a spiral shape along the outer side of the circular inner wall to form a spiral flow channel for facilitating the flow of cooling water in the cavity. A water inlet and a water outlet are provided on the outer wall.

[0016] The inner side of the inner wall of the straight section, the inner side of the inner wall of the conical section, the bottom surface of the elliptical upper head bottom plate, the inner side of the central air outlet cylinder, and the outer side of the central air outlet cylinder located in the straight section are all covered with a wear-resistant plastic lining and are provided with T-type fasteners and Y-type anchors, which are used to fix the wear-resistant plastic lining;

[0017] The ash hopper includes an ash hopper body, a half-pipe water-cooling jacket, an ash hopper support, a connecting plate, a fluidizing device, and an ash cleaning door. A half-pipe water-cooling jacket is provided on the outside of the ash hopper body. The fluidizing device is installed in the ash hopper body. The connecting plate is installed on the top of the ash hopper body to connect to the lower end of the cone section. The ash cleaning door is installed at the ash cleaning port provided on the side of the ash hopper body. The ash hopper support is connected to the outside of the ash hopper body.

[0018] The main support includes an upper top ring, a lower top ring, and a partition. The upper top ring and the lower top ring are directly connected to the inner wall of the straight section and the inner wall of the conical section. The outer wall of the straight section is connected to the top surface of the upper top ring, and the outer wall of the conical section is connected to the bottom surface of the lower top ring. The partition is sleeved on the outer side of the inner wall of the straight section. A cavity is formed between the partition and the inner wall of the straight section. The cavity is filled with cooling water. The partition is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet. The lower top ring is provided with multiple bolt holes. The upper top ring and the lower top ring are connected by multiple ribs.

[0019] A double-layer flap valve is installed at the outlet of the ash hopper.

[0020] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] During converter smelting, the flue gas temperature reaches 660°C to 700°C after passing through the vaporization cooling flue and the high-temperature section radiation waste heat boiler for waste heat recovery. This flue gas enters the converter primary flue gas fire energy separator of the present invention for fire energy separation. After passing through the fire energy separator, the ignition energy in the flue gas is less than the minimum ignition energy of the converter gas, preventing high-energy fire energy from entering subsequent equipment and causing converter gas explosions. This effectively separates high-energy fire sources, avoiding the risk of flash explosions in the converter gas and significantly improving system safety. Furthermore, the flue gas after fire energy separation can reduce erosion and dust accumulation in subsequent waste heat recovery equipment, improving system stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of the converter primary flue gas thermal energy separator according to the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 Schematic cross-sectional view of line AA;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a top view of the converter primary flue gas thermal energy separator;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the elliptical upper head;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the straight tube section;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the ash hopper;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main support. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] A converter primary flue gas thermal energy separator comprises a central air outlet cylinder, an elliptical upper head, a straight cylinder section, a conical section, an ash hopper and a main support;

[0029] The elliptical upper head 2 includes an elliptical inner wall 21, an elliptical outer wall 22 and a bottom plate 24. A cavity is formed between the elliptical inner wall 21 and the elliptical outer wall 22. The cavity is filled with cooling water and a guide plate 23 is provided to facilitate the flow of cooling water in the cavity. The bottom plate 24 connects the elliptical inner wall 21 and the elliptical outer wall 22. The elliptical outer wall 22 is provided with a water inlet 26 and a water outlet 25.

[0030] The elliptical upper head 2 is sleeved on the outside of the central air outlet cylinder 6. The elliptical inner wall 21, the elliptical outer wall and the bottom plate are all connected to the central air outlet cylinder 6. An elliptical cavity is formed between the elliptical inner wall 21, the bottom plate 24 and the central air outlet cylinder 6 to prevent smoke from gathering. An exhaust port 27 is provided at the top of the elliptical cavity.

[0031] The upper end of the straight section 3 is connected to the bottom plate 24 of the elliptical upper head 2, and the lower end of the central air outlet cylinder 6 extends into the interior of the straight section 3. An air inlet is provided on the side surface of the top end of the straight section 3. The air inlet is located higher than the lower end surface of the central air outlet cylinder. The smoke enters the straight section through the air inlet, generating a high-speed rotating airflow.

[0032] An explosion relief valve is provided on the straight section;

[0033] The lower end of the straight section 3 is connected to the conical section 4. Both the straight section and the conical section include an inner wall and an outer wall. A cavity is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall. The cavity is filled with cooling water. A plurality of T-shaped reinforcement ribs 33 are arranged in a spiral shape along the outer side of the circular inner wall, forming a spiral flow channel that facilitates the flow of cooling water in the cavity. A water inlet and a water outlet are provided on the outer wall.

[0034] The inner side of the inner wall of the straight section 3, the inner side of the inner wall of the conical section 4, the bottom surface of the bottom plate 24 of the elliptical upper head 2, the inner side of the central air outlet cylinder 6, and the outer side of the portion of the central air outlet cylinder 6 located in the straight section 3 are all covered with a wear-resistant plastic lining 31 and provided with T-shaped fasteners 34 and Y-shaped anchors 35. The T-shaped fasteners 34 and Y-shaped anchors 35 are used to secure the wear-resistant plastic lining 31 (that is, the straight section, the conical section, the elliptical upper head, and the central air outlet cylinder are all provided with T-shaped fasteners 34 and Y-shaped anchors 35 at the portions in contact with the flue gas for securing the wear-resistant plastic lining);

[0035] The ash hopper 5 includes an ash hopper body 51, a half-pipe water-cooling jacket 52, an ash hopper support 53, a connecting plate 54, a fluidizing device 55, and an ash cleaning door 56. The half-pipe water-cooling jacket 52 is provided on the outside of the ash hopper body 51. The fluidizing device 55 is installed in the ash hopper body 51. The connecting plate 54 is installed on the top of the ash hopper body 51 to connect to the lower end of the cone section. The ash cleaning door 56 is installed at the ash cleaning port provided on the side of the ash hopper body 51. The ash hopper support 53 is connected to the outside of the ash hopper body 51.

[0036] The main support 7 includes an upper top ring 71, a lower top ring 72, and a partition 75. The upper top ring 71 and the lower top ring 72 are directly connected to the inner wall 31 of the straight section. The outer wall of the straight section is connected to the top surface of the upper top ring 71. The inner and outer walls of the conical section are connected to the bottom surface of the lower top ring 72. The partition 75 is sleeved on the outside of the inner wall 31 of the straight section. A cavity is formed between the partition 75 and the inner wall 31 of the straight section. The cavity is filled with cooling water. The partition 75 is provided with a water inlet 76 and a water outlet 77. The lower top ring 72 is provided with multiple bolt holes 78. The upper top ring 71 and the lower top ring 72 are connected by multiple ribs 74.

[0037] A double-layer flap valve 8 is provided at the outlet of the ash hopper 5 .

[0038] The design principle of the converter primary flue gas thermal energy separator of this embodiment is described in more detail below.

[0039] 1) During converter smelting, the flue gas temperature reaches 660°C to 700°C after passing through the vaporization cooling flue and the high-temperature section radiation waste heat boiler for waste heat recovery. The flue gas enters the thermal energy separator for thermal energy separation. The flue gas enters the straight section 3 through the air inlet 1 on the side of the top of the straight section, generating a high-speed rotating airflow, which separates the flue gas and particles with high thermal energy. The separated flue gas enters the subsequent equipment through the central air outlet cylinder 6. The separated thermal energy particles enter the ash hopper 5 through the conical section 3 and are then discharged through the double-layer flap valve 8.

[0040] 2) If Figure 3 A cavity is formed between the elliptical inner wall 21 and the elliptical outer wall 22 of the elliptical upper head 2. The cavity is filled with water for cooling, and a guide plate 23 is provided to facilitate water flow in the cavity.

[0041] 3) The bottom plate 24 of the elliptical upper end cap 2 isolates the flue gas entering the straight section 3, preventing it from accumulating in the elliptical cavity at the top of the elliptical upper end cap 2 and potentially creating an explosive atmosphere. An exhaust port 27 is provided to prevent the gas in the elliptical cavity at the top of the elliptical upper end cap 2 from expanding and exploding due to heat.

[0042] 4) If Figure 4 A cavity is formed between the inner wall 31 and the outer wall 32 of the straight section 3. This cavity is filled with water for cooling. T-shaped reinforcing ribs 33 are provided within this cavity. These ribs not only prevent the straight section from deforming under internal and external pressure, but also spiral along the outer side of the circular inner wall 21, forming a spiral flow channel that facilitates the flow of cooling water within the cavity. The T-shaped ribs 33 are arranged within the cavity between the inner and outer walls 31, 32. Due to the cooling water, the strength of the T-shaped ribs 33 is prevented from deformation due to temperature increases, thereby ensuring the overall stability of the straight section 3.

[0043] 5) T-shaped fasteners 34 and Y-shaped anchors 35 are circumferentially arranged on the inner wall 31 of the straight section 3. These fasteners 34 and Y-shaped anchors 35 secure the wear-resistant plastic lining 36. The T-shaped structure holds the wear-resistant plastic lining 36 in place, preventing it from deforming and falling due to thermal expansion and contraction and flue gas erosion. Furthermore, the cooling water on the outer side of the inner wall 31 reduces temperature fluctuations in the wear-resistant plastic lining 36, improving the thermal shock resistance and wear resistance of the straight section 3.

[0044] 6) The conical section 4 has a similar structure to the straight cylindrical section 3 and has the characteristics of thermal shock resistance and wear resistance.

[0045] 7) A half-pipe water-cooling jacket 52 is installed outside the ash hopper body 51 of the ash hopper 5 to cool the separated thermal energy particles and prevent them from igniting the converter gas (converter primary flue gas) due to excessive temperatures. Inert nitrogen is introduced through the fluidizing device 55 to fluidize the thermal energy particles, facilitating their discharge from the ash hopper 5, while also preventing the thermal energy particles from igniting the converter gas due to their high ignition energy.

[0046] 8) A cavity is formed between the bulkhead 75 of the main support 7 and the inner wall 31 of the straight section 3. This cavity is filled with cooling water to prevent the main support 7 from losing its strength due to high temperatures. The upper and lower top rings 71 and 72 are directly connected to the inner wall 31 of the straight section 3, providing better support for the straight section 3. The main support 7 is connected to the external support platform through bolt holes 78, ensuring the overall stability of the thermal energy separator.

[0047] 9) A double-layer flap valve 8 is provided at the outlet of the ash hopper 5. When the upper valve plate is open, the lower valve plate is closed. When the upper valve plate is closed, the lower valve plate is open. This can ensure that the converter gas inside the thermal energy separator does not leak and improve the separation efficiency of the thermal energy separator.

[0048] 10) An explosion relief valve 9 is provided on the straight tube section 3 to improve the safety of the equipment.

[0049] During converter smelting, the flue gas temperature after the waste heat recovery through the vaporization cooling flue and the high-temperature section radiation waste heat boiler is 660℃~700℃, and enters the thermal energy separator for thermal energy separation. After the flue gas passes through the thermal energy separator, the ignition energy in the flue gas is less than the minimum ignition energy of the converter gas, thus preventing high-energy thermal energy from entering subsequent equipment and causing the converter gas to explode.

[0050] The high-temperature flue gas after thermal energy separation enters the subsequent equipment for waste heat recovery. The flue gas temperature after recovery is ~200℃.

[0051] When processing waste heat above 200°C in the fully dry recovery converter primary flue gas, the thermal energy separator effectively separates high-energy fires, preventing the risk of flash explosions in converter gas at temperatures between 605°C and 650°C, significantly improving system safety. Furthermore, the flue gas after thermal energy separation reduces erosion and dust accumulation in subsequent waste heat recovery equipment, improving system stability.

[0052] It should be understood that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the disclosure of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to the present invention, such as adjusting the form of the T-shaped reinforcement ribs 33 to adopt other forms of reinforcement ribs; adjusting the spiral flow channel formed by the T-shaped reinforcement ribs 33 to adopt a straight-through flow channel; adjusting the temperature at the inlet of the thermal energy separator; or adjusting the flue gas processed by the thermal energy separator to other high-temperature, high-dust gases instead of the primary flue gas of the converter. These equivalent substitutions and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A converter primary flue gas thermal energy separator, characterized in that: It includes central air outlet cylinder, elliptical upper head, straight cylinder section, conical section, ash hopper and main support; The elliptical upper head includes an elliptical inner wall, an elliptical outer wall and a bottom plate. A cavity is formed between the elliptical inner wall and the elliptical outer wall. The cavity is filled with cooling water and a guide plate is provided to facilitate the flow of cooling water in the cavity. The bottom plate connects the elliptical inner wall and the elliptical outer wall. A water inlet and a water outlet are provided on the elliptical outer wall. The elliptical upper head is covered on the outside of the central air outlet cylinder. The elliptical inner wall, the elliptical outer wall and the bottom plate are all connected to the central air outlet cylinder. An elliptical cavity is formed between the elliptical inner wall, the bottom plate and the central air outlet cylinder to prevent smoke from gathering. An exhaust port is set at the top of the elliptical cavity. The upper end of the straight section is connected to the bottom plate of the elliptical upper head, and the lower end of the central air outlet cylinder extends into the straight section. An air inlet is provided on the side of the top of the straight section. The air inlet is located higher than the lower end surface of the central air outlet cylinder. The smoke enters the straight section through the air inlet, generating a high-speed rotating airflow. An explosion relief valve is provided on the straight section; The lower end of the straight section is connected to the conical section. Both the straight section and the conical section include an inner wall and an outer wall. A cavity is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall. The cavity is filled with cooling water. A plurality of T-shaped reinforcement ribs are arranged in a spiral shape along the outer side of the circular inner wall to form a spiral flow channel for facilitating the flow of cooling water in the cavity. A water inlet and a water outlet are provided on the outer wall. The inner side of the inner wall of the straight section, the inner side of the inner wall of the conical section, the bottom surface of the elliptical upper head bottom plate, the inner side of the central air outlet cylinder, and the outer side of the central air outlet cylinder located in the straight section are all covered with a wear-resistant plastic lining and are provided with T-type fasteners and Y-type anchors, which are used to fix the wear-resistant plastic lining; The ash hopper includes an ash hopper body, a half-pipe water-cooling jacket, an ash hopper support, a connecting plate, a fluidizing device, and an ash cleaning door. A half-pipe water-cooling jacket is provided on the outside of the ash hopper body. The fluidizing device is installed in the ash hopper body. The connecting plate is installed on the top of the ash hopper body to connect to the lower end of the cone section. The ash cleaning door is installed at the ash cleaning port provided on the side of the ash hopper body. The ash hopper support is connected to the outside of the ash hopper body. The main support includes an upper top ring, a lower top ring, and a partition. The upper top ring and the lower top ring are directly connected to the inner wall of the straight section and the inner wall of the conical section. The outer wall of the straight section is connected to the top surface of the upper top ring, and the outer wall of the conical section is connected to the bottom surface of the lower top ring. The partition is sleeved on the outer side of the inner wall of the straight section. A cavity is formed between the partition and the inner wall of the straight section. The cavity is filled with cooling water. The partition is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet. The lower top ring is provided with multiple bolt holes. The upper top ring and the lower top ring are connected by multiple ribs. A double-layer flap valve is installed at the outlet of the ash hopper.

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