Drilling construction equipment with drilling cooperation and reciprocating impact and coal seam gas extraction method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety, and relates to a drilling construction equipment with drilling and reciprocating impact and a coal seam gas extraction method. The equipment comprises an end drill rod, an impact fracturing assembly, a reciprocating impact rod and a rotary transmission rod. The reciprocating impact rod is provided with a first positioning block in the middle part. The reciprocating impact rod is provided with a straight groove arranged in the axial direction. The straight groove is matched with a linear protrusion in the first positioning block. The other end of the reciprocating impact rod is fixedly provided with a movable block. One side of the movable block is attached to the inner wall of the groove in the end drill rod, and the other side is attached to an annular double-arrow-shaped groove provided on the rotary transmission rod. The rotary transmission rod is axially limited by a second positioning block sleeved thereon. The screw drill rod is connected to the end drill rod at one end and movably provided with a universal joint inside. The other end of the rotary transmission rod is connected to one end of the universal joint. The one end of the universal joint is detachably connected to a tail joint through the tail end of the screw drill rod.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coal mine safety technology and relates to a drilling construction equipment with drilling and reciprocating impact and a method for coal seam gas extraction. Background Technology

[0002] Coal mine gas, also known as coalbed methane, is a combustible gas primarily composed of methane. It is mainly adsorbed and released within the pore and fracture systems of coal, posing a significant threat to coal mine safety. However, from a resource utilization perspective, coal mine gas is an unconventional natural gas with high utilization value. Strengthening coal mine gas extraction and the development and utilization of coalbed methane in coal mining areas has multiple important implications. On the one hand, it helps reduce the greenhouse effect, as methane is a potent greenhouse gas, and effective extraction and utilization of gas can reduce its emissions into the atmosphere. On the other hand, it ensures safe coal mine production by reducing the risk of explosions and other accidents caused by gas accumulation during coal mine operations through early gas extraction. Simultaneously, it can increase the supply of clean energy, alleviate energy pressure, and promote the optimization of the energy structure.

[0003] However, my country's coal seam gas geology is complex, with most coal seams being high-gas, prone to coal and gas outbursts, and having low permeability. These geological characteristics make it difficult to achieve efficient gas control using conventional methods. Conventional gas control methods often have limited effectiveness and fail to meet the needs of safe coal mine production and efficient resource utilization. To improve gas drainage efficiency, coal mine safety workers typically employ techniques such as hydraulic fracturing, high-pressure hydraulic cutting, and carbon dioxide phase transformation fracturing to enhance coal seam permeability after the completion of gas drainage boreholes. These techniques aim to improve the gas permeability of the coal body and enhance gas drainage. However, these conventional permeability enhancement measures have some significant drawbacks. They require additional specialized equipment after drilling, increasing equipment costs and placing higher demands on site space and operation. Furthermore, these permeability enhancement measures have long operation times, extending the overall gas control cycle and reducing coal mine production efficiency. From a technical and economic perspective, the effectiveness of conventional permeability enhancement measures is not ideal.

[0004] Therefore, seeking a synergistic permeability enhancement technology during borehole construction is particularly urgent. If this technology can be realized, it will allow gas drainage borehole construction and permeability enhancement measures to complement each other, improving gas drainage efficiency while reducing additional equipment investment and operation time, thereby increasing the efficiency of mine gas disaster management. This is not only a key technical problem that coal mine safety scientists urgently need to solve, but also an important direction for promoting the advancement of coal mine gas management technology, ensuring safe coal mine production, and promoting the efficient utilization of resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a drilling construction equipment and a coal seam gas extraction method with drilling synergistic reciprocating impact, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A drilling equipment with coordinated reciprocating impact drilling, comprising:

[0008] The end drill rod has a groove inside;

[0009] An impact fracturing assembly, installed in a groove in the end drill rod, includes an impact drill bit, a reciprocating impact rod, and a rotary transmission rod;

[0010] The impact drill bit and the reciprocating impact rod are integrated into one structure. A first positioning block is slidably sleeved in the middle of the reciprocating impact rod. A first pin hole is opened on the first positioning block. The first positioning block is fixed inside the end drill rod by the cooperation of a first pin that radially penetrates the side wall of the end drill rod and the first pin hole.

[0011] The reciprocating impact rod is provided with a straight groove arranged along the axial direction. The straight groove cooperates with the straight protrusion inside the first positioning block, so that the reciprocating impact rod moves along the axial direction of the end drill rod under the constraint of the first positioning block.

[0012] A movable block is fixedly provided at the other end of the reciprocating impact rod. One side of the movable block is in contact with the inner wall of the groove in the end drill rod, and the other side is in contact with the annular double arrow-shaped groove provided on the rotary transmission rod.

[0013] The rotary transmission rod is axially limited by a second positioning block sleeved on it. The second positioning block has a second pin hole. The second positioning block is fixed inside the end drill rod by the cooperation of a second pin that radially penetrates the side wall of the end drill rod and the second pin hole.

[0014] A spiral drill rod, one end of which is connected to the end drill rod, and a universal coupling is movably installed inside;

[0015] The other end of the rotary transmission rod is connected to one end of the universal coupling, and one end of the universal coupling is detachably connected to a tail connector through the tail end of the auger rod.

[0016] The tail end and tail connector of the auger drill rod are detachably connected to the clamping device of the drilling rig, so as to drive the auger drill rod and tail connector to rotate respectively.

[0017] Furthermore, the impact drill bit is cone-shaped or spherical to enhance the impact effect on the coal body.

[0018] Furthermore, the second positioning block has an annular protrusion inside, and the rotary transmission rod has an annular groove that mates with the annular protrusion to axially limit the rotary transmission rod.

[0019] Furthermore, the annular double-arrow-shaped groove on the rotary transmission rod is a continuous wavy groove, which allows the movable block to reciprocate axially when the rotary transmission rod rotates.

[0020] Furthermore, the end of the end drill rod is provided with a cutting drill bit for cutting the coal body during rotation.

[0021] Furthermore, both the end drill rod and the auger drill rod are provided with auger blades on their outer sides to discharge coal dust from the borehole.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes a water braid and a high-pressure hose connected to the water braid. The water braid is detachably connected to the tail end of the auger drill rod. The high-pressure hose is connected to high-pressure air or high-pressure water downhole and is used to discharge coal dust cut or impacted in front of the end drill rod through the space inside the drill rod.

[0023] Furthermore, a radial protrusion is provided on the outer side of the first positioning block, which is adapted to the inner groove of the end drill rod to improve the stability of the impact-induced fracturing component during reciprocating impact.

[0024] Furthermore, the tail connector and the universal coupling are threaded together.

[0025] A method for drilling and coal seam gas extraction using the aforementioned drilling equipment includes the following steps:

[0026] S1: Install the impact fracturing component into the groove of the end drill rod, and fix the first positioning block and the second positioning block by the first pin and the second pin.

[0027] S2: Connect the universal coupling to the rotary transmission rod, then connect the auger rod to the end drill rod, and connect a water braid to the tail end of the auger rod;

[0028] S3: The tail end of the spiral drill rod is clamped by the clamping device of the drilling rig, the drilling rig is turned on, and the spiral drill rod is rotated to drive the end drill rod to perform a rotary cutting and propulsion motion;

[0029] S4: After drilling to the depth of one auger rod, shut down the drilling machine, disconnect the water braid from the auger rod, connect the tail connector to the universal coupling, clamp the tail connector of the auger rod through the clamping device of the drilling machine, start the drilling machine, and make the tail connector rotate to drive the universal coupling and the rotary transmission rod to rotate. Then, through the rotation of the annular double arrow-shaped groove, the movable block and the reciprocating impact rod will make axial reciprocating motion, thereby driving the impact drill bit to continuously impact and fracture the coal body.

[0030] S5: After the impact fracturing is completed, shut down the drilling rig and disconnect the tail joint from the universal coupling. Then add a new auger drill rod and repeat steps S3-S4 until the predetermined drilling depth is reached.

[0031] S5: After drilling is completed, the borehole is sealed and the gas extraction borehole is connected to the underground gas extraction pipeline for gas extraction.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0033] 1. This technical solution organically combines the rotary cutting of the cutting drill bit with impact fracturing technology, achieving coordinated operation of drilling and permeability enhancement in coal seam gas drainage boreholes. Its core lies in using the drilling rig's clamping device to drive the auger and end drill rods to rotate and cut without retracting the drill bit. Simultaneously, during the intervals when the rotary cutting stops and the rods are added, the impact drill bit continuously impacts and fractures the coal seam. This dual-function not only improves drilling efficiency but also enhances the coal seam gas permeability through secondary fractures generated by the impact, laying the foundation for efficient gas drainage and demonstrating significant technical and economic benefits.

[0034] 2. This technical solution requires no additional processing steps. The drilling rig's clamping device alone clamps and rotates the auger drill pipe and tail connector to perform both drilling and impact fracturing operations. The difference from conventional drilling operations is minimal, making it simple to operate and easy for downhole personnel to master. In terms of equipment design, the impact fracturing component is integrated inside the end drill pipe and secured by positioning blocks and pins to ensure stable operation. This simplicity not only lowers the operational threshold but also improves the equipment's practicality and reliability in complex downhole environments, facilitating rapid deployment and widespread application.

[0035] 3. Through the synergistic effect of rotary cutting and impact fracturing, this method significantly improves drilling efficiency. The continuous impact of the impact drill bit on the coal seam generates numerous secondary fractures, breaking the coal and facilitating drilling, while simultaneously improving the gas permeability characteristics of the coal seam surrounding the borehole. This enhanced permeability makes gas release easier, greatly improving extraction efficiency. Furthermore, this method simultaneously enhances permeability during drilling, reducing the need for subsequent processes, shortening operation time, and lowering economic costs, providing strong support for safe coal mine production and gas resource utilization.

[0036] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the end drill rod in a drilling construction device with drilling synergistic reciprocating impact according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the universal coupling and tail joint in a drilling construction equipment with drilling synergistic reciprocating impact according to the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral drill rod and water braid in a drilling construction device with drilling synergistic reciprocating impact according to the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the drilling rig in a drilling construction device with drilling synergistic reciprocating impact according to the present invention.

[0042] Reference numerals: End drill rod 1, cutting drill bit 101, spiral blade 102, reciprocating impact drill rod 2, impact drill bit 201, groove 3, rotation transmission rod 4, annular double arrow-shaped groove 401, first positioning block 5, first pin hole 501, radial protrusion 502, movable block 6, second positioning block 7, second pin hole 701, spiral drill rod 8, universal coupling 9, tail connector 10, water braid 11, drilling rig 12, clamping device 1201. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0044] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0045] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] Please see Figures 1-4 This is a drilling equipment with reciprocating impact drilling, used for drilling and gas extraction in gas-bearing coal seams. The equipment mainly includes an end drill rod 1, an impact fracturing assembly (including an impact drill bit 201, a reciprocating impact rod 2, and a rotary transmission rod 4), a spiral drill rod 8, a universal coupling 9, a tail connector 10, a water braid 11, and a drilling rig 12. The specific configuration is as follows:

[0048] End drill rod 1: Made of high-strength alloy steel. The end drill rod 1 has internally machined grooves 3 for mounting impact fracturing components. A cutting drill bit 101 is welded to the front end of the end drill rod 1. The cutting drill bit 101 is made of cemented carbide and has a conical or spherical structure to enhance the impact effect on the coal seam. A helical blade 102 is provided on the outer side of the end drill rod 1 for discharging coal dust.

[0049] Impact fracturing assembly: The impact drill bit 201 and the reciprocating impact rod 2 adopt an integrated welded structure. A first positioning block 5 is fixed in the middle of the reciprocating impact rod 2. The first positioning block 5 is cylindrical, with an outer diameter matching the inner diameter of the end drill rod 1, and radial protrusions 502 on both sides, which are adapted to the inner groove 3 of the end drill rod 1. A first pin hole 501 is opened on the first positioning block 5, and it is fixed to the inside of the end drill rod 1 by a first pin. The pin is inserted from the reserved hole on the outside of the end drill rod 1, and the insertion depth is controlled to be about 20 mm to ensure that it does not interfere with the axial movement of the reciprocating impact rod 2. An axial straight groove is machined on the reciprocating impact rod 2, which cooperates with the straight protrusion inside the first positioning block 5 to restrict the radial rotation of the reciprocating impact rod 2 and ensure its axial movement. A movable block 6 is fixed at the tail end of the reciprocating impact rod 2. The movable block 6 is a rectangular block, with one side being a flat surface that fits into the inner groove 3 of the end drill rod 1, and the other side being a protruding hemispherical shape to be embedded in the annular double arrow-shaped groove 401 on the rotation transmission rod 4. The annular double-arrow-shaped groove 401 is specifically a continuous wave shape.

[0050] Rotary transmission rod 4: limited by the second positioning block 7. The second positioning block 7 has an annular protrusion inside, which cooperates with the annular groove on the rotary transmission rod 4 to achieve axial limitation. The second positioning block 7 has a second pin hole 701, which is fixed to the end drill rod 1 by the second pin. The tail end of the rotary transmission rod 4 is connected to one end of the universal coupling 9 by a thread.

[0051] Spiral drill rod 8: It is equipped with spiral blades 102 on the outside. One end of the spiral drill rod 8 is connected to the end drill rod 1 by a thread, and a universal coupling 9 is movably arranged inside.

[0052] Tail connector 10: It is movably arranged at the tail end of the auger rod 8, connected to the universal coupling 9 by threads, and adapted to the clamping device 1201 of the drilling rig 12.

[0053] Water braid 11 and high-pressure hose: Water braid 11 is detachably connected to the tail end of auger drill pipe 8 via flange or thread. High-pressure hose is connected to the downhole high-pressure air source or water source with a pressure of 0.8MPa and is used for slag removal.

[0054] Drilling rig 12: It adopts a tracked full hydraulic drilling rig for coal mines. The clamping device 1201 can alternately clamp the auger drill rod 8 and the tail connector 10.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] This embodiment provides a method for drilling and coal seam gas extraction using the aforementioned drilling equipment. The specific construction steps are as follows:

[0057] Install the impact fracturing assembly: Install the impact fracturing assembly (impact drill bit 201, reciprocating impact rod 2, rotary transmission rod 4) into the groove 3 of the end drill rod 1. Place the first positioning block 5 inside the end drill rod 1, so that the radial protrusion 502 is embedded in the groove 3, and fix the first positioning block 5 by inserting the first pin into the first pin hole 501. Similarly, sleeve the second positioning block 7 on the rotary transmission rod 4, and fix the second positioning block 7 by inserting the second pin into the second pin hole 701. Ensure that the straight groove of the reciprocating impact rod 2 matches the straight protrusion of the first positioning block 5, and that the movable block 6 is embedded in the annular double arrow-shaped groove 401 of the rotary transmission rod 4.

[0058] Connecting the drill pipe and auxiliary components (S2): Connect the universal coupling 9 to the rotary transmission rod 4 via threads, and then connect the auger drill pipe 8 to the end drill pipe 1 via threads, making the last auger drill pipe 8 the tail drill pipe. The tail end of the auger drill pipe 8 (tail drill pipe) is connected to the water braid 11 via a flange or thread, and the water braid 11 is connected to the high-pressure hose, which is connected to the high-pressure air source or water source downhole.

[0059] Rotary cutting (S3): Connect the clamping device 1201 of the drilling rig 12 to the tail end of the auger drill rod 8, start the drilling rig 12, and set the specified speed. The auger drill rod 8 drives the end drill rod 1 to rotate, and the cutting drill bit 101 performs rotary cutting on the coal body. The auger blades 102 discharge coal cuttings along the borehole, while high-pressure air or water assists in slag removal through the internal space of the drill rod. After drilling to the length of one auger drill rod, shut down the drilling rig 12.

[0060] Impact fracturing (S4): Disconnect the water braid 11 from the auger drill rod 8, connect the tail connector 10 to the universal coupling 9 via threads, and clamp the tail connector 10 with the clamping device 1201. Start the drilling rig 12 and set the specified speed. The tail connector 10 drives the rotary transmission rod 4 to rotate through the universal coupling 9, and the annular double arrow-shaped groove 401 drives the movable block 6 to reciprocate axially, thereby driving the reciprocating impact rod 2 and the impact drill bit 201 to impact fracture the coal body. After impact fracturing continues for 5 minutes or until a suitable degree of fracturing is achieved, shut down the drilling rig 12.

[0061] Add drill rod and repeat construction (S5): Remove the connection between the tail joint 10 and the universal coupling 9, add a new auger drill rod 8 as a new tail drill rod, repeat steps S3-S4, and perform rotary cutting and impact fracturing in sequence until the drilling depth reaches the design depth (e.g., 50 meters or 100 meters).

[0062] Sealing and Gas Drainage (S6): After drilling is completed, the borehole is sealed with cement grout to ensure airtightness. The borehole is then connected to the downhole gas drainage pipeline for enhanced gas drainage.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling construction device with coordinated reciprocating impact drilling, characterized in that, include: The end drill rod has a groove inside; An impact fracturing assembly, installed in a groove in the end drill rod, includes an impact drill bit, a reciprocating impact rod, and a rotary transmission rod; The impact drill bit and the reciprocating impact rod are integrated into one structure. A first positioning block is slidably sleeved in the middle of the reciprocating impact rod. A first pin hole is opened on the first positioning block. The first positioning block is fixed inside the end drill rod by the cooperation of a first pin that radially penetrates the side wall of the end drill rod and the first pin hole. The reciprocating impact rod is provided with a straight groove arranged along the axial direction. The straight groove cooperates with the straight protrusion inside the first positioning block, so that the reciprocating impact rod moves along the axial direction of the end drill rod under the constraint of the first positioning block. A movable block is fixedly provided at the other end of the reciprocating impact rod. One side of the movable block is in contact with the inner wall of the groove in the end drill rod, and the other side is in contact with the annular double arrow-shaped groove provided on the rotary transmission rod. The rotary transmission rod is axially limited by a second positioning block sleeved on it. The second positioning block has a second pin hole. The second positioning block is fixed inside the end drill rod by the cooperation of a second pin that radially penetrates the side wall of the end drill rod and the second pin hole. A spiral drill rod, one end of which is connected to the end drill rod, and a universal coupling is movably installed inside; The other end of the rotary transmission rod is connected to one end of the universal coupling, and one end of the universal coupling is detachably connected to a tail connector at the end of the tail end of the auger rod. The tail end and tail connector of the auger drill rod are alternately and detachably connected to the clamping device of the drilling rig to drive the auger drill rod and tail connector to rotate respectively. The annular double-arrow-shaped groove on the rotating transmission rod is a continuous wave-shaped groove, which allows the movable block to reciprocate axially when the rotating transmission rod rotates; the end of the end drill rod is provided with a cutting drill bit for cutting the coal body during rotation; both the end drill rod and the spiral drill rod are provided with spiral blades on their outer sides for discharging coal chips from the borehole.

2. The drilling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impact drill bit is cone-shaped or spherical to enhance the impact effect on the coal body.

3. The drilling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second positioning block has an annular protrusion inside, and the rotating transmission rod has an annular groove that mates with the annular protrusion to axially limit the rotating transmission rod.

4. The drilling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a water braid and a high-pressure hose connected to the water braid. The water braid is detachably connected to the tail end of the auger drill rod. The high-pressure hose is connected to high-pressure air or high-pressure water downhole and is used to remove coal dust cut or impacted in front of the end drill rod through the space inside the drill rod.

5. The drilling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, A radial protrusion is provided on the outer side of the first positioning block. The radial protrusion is adapted to the inner groove of the end drill rod to improve the stability of the impact-induced fracturing component during reciprocating impact.

6. The drilling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tail connector is threadedly connected to the universal coupling.

7. A method for drilling and coal seam gas extraction using the drilling equipment according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Install the impact fracturing component into the groove of the end drill rod, and fix the first positioning block and the second positioning block by the first pin and the second pin. S2: Connect the universal coupling to the rotary transmission rod, then connect the auger rod to the end drill rod, and connect a water braid to the tail end of the auger rod; S3: The tail end of the spiral drill rod is clamped by the clamping device of the drilling rig, the drilling rig is turned on, and the spiral drill rod is rotated to drive the end drill rod to perform a rotary cutting and propulsion motion; S4: After drilling to the depth of one auger rod, shut down the drilling machine, disconnect the water braid from the auger rod, connect the tail connector to the universal coupling, clamp the tail connector of the auger rod through the clamping device of the drilling machine, start the drilling machine, and make the tail connector rotate to drive the universal coupling and the rotary transmission rod to rotate. Then, through the rotation of the annular double arrow-shaped groove, the movable block and the reciprocating impact rod will make axial reciprocating motion, thereby driving the impact drill bit to continuously impact and fracture the coal body. S5: After the impact fracturing is completed, shut down the drilling rig and disconnect the tail joint from the universal coupling. Then add a new auger drill rod and repeat steps S3-S4 until the predetermined drilling depth is reached. S5: After drilling is completed, the borehole is sealed and the gas extraction borehole is connected to the underground gas extraction pipeline for gas extraction.

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